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id: nei-wang-chuan-tou
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title: "内网穿透"
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type: concept
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tags: [networking, nat, proxy]
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date: 2026-04-16
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---
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## Definition
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内网穿透（NAT Penetration）是一种将内网服务通过公网服务器暴露给外部访问的技术，又称端口映射或反向代理。
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## Key Mechanisms
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- **端口映射**：将内网端口映射到公网端口
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- **反向代理**：公网服务器接收请求后转发到内网
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- **心跳保活**：维持 NAT 映射有效性的机制
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- **UDP 打洞**：通过 UDP 穿透 NAT 的技术
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## Tools
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- [[FRP]]：Fast Reverse Proxy，开源内网穿透工具
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- [[NAT穿透]]：内网穿透的另一种称呼
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- ngrok：商业内网穿透服务
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- frp：开源方案
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## Use Cases
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- 远程访问内网 SSH
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- 暴露本地 Web 服务到公网
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- 远程调试和开发
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- IoT 设备远程管理
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## Connections
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- [[内网穿透]] ← implemented_by ← [[FRP]]
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- [[内网穿透]] ← uses ← [[NAT穿透]]
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