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title: "Cultural Ecology"
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type: concept
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tags: ["anthropology", "ecology", "environment", "subsistence", "steward"]
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last_updated: 2026-04-25
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---
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## Definition
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文化生态学——研究**环境如何塑造文化**,以及**文化又如何反过来塑造和适应环境**的跨学科框架。强调物质条件(气候、地形、资源)对社会组织的约束作用,同时拒绝简单的地理/文化决定论。
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## Core Framework
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- **文化核心(Cultural Core)**:生计模式和与技术环境互动直接相关的社会制度
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- **多线进化(Multilinear Evolution)**:不同环境可能独立产生相似的适应方案
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- **生态系统**:人类群体与环境形成的动态适应系统,具有反馈回路
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- **Pigs and People**(Rappaport):巴布亚新几内亚 Tsembaga 人的仪式性猪屠杀,是环境调节机制的文化表达
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## Key Thinkers
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- Julian Steward(文化生态学创始人)
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- Roy Rappaport(生态系统研究)
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- Marvin Harris(文化唯物论)
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## Connections
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- [[Anthropologist-Agent]] ← uses_framework ← [[Cultural-Ecology]]
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- [[Functionalism]] ← related_to ← [[Cultural-Ecology]]
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- [[Polanyi-Exchange]] ← influenced_by ← [[Cultural-Ecology]]
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