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title: "Gift Economy"
type: concept
tags: ["anthropology", "economy", "reciprocity", "exchange", "mauss"]
last_updated: 2026-04-25
---
## Definition
礼物经济——基于**互惠义务**reciprocal obligation的交换系统给予、接受、回报的三段循环是社会关系的基础纽带而非市场竞争。
## Core Framework
- **礼物之灵hau**:接受礼物即承担回报义务,礼物具有社会性的"灵魂"使回报不可避免
- **Potlatch**:北太平洋西北岸部落的大型仪式性财富毁坏展示,通过"给予羞辱"来确立社会地位
- **库拉圈Kula Ring**:特罗布里恩群岛的跨岛礼物交换圈,交换的贝壳和项链本身无实用价值,但建立和维持社会关系网络
## Key Thinkers
- [[Marcel-Mauss]](《礼物》作者,奠基人)
- [[Bronislaw-Malinowski]](库拉圈研究)
- Karl Polanyi经济人类学
## Connections
- [[Anthropologist-Agent]] ← uses_framework ← [[Gift-Economy]]
- [[Polanyi-Exchange]] ← foundational ← [[Gift-Economy]]
- [[Functionalism]] ← grounds ← [[Gift-Economy]]
- [[Social-Cohesion]] ← mechanism ← [[Gift-Economy]]