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title: "Marcel Mauss"
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type: entity
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tags: ["anthropologist", "gift-economy", "french-sociology", "economic-anthropology", "primitive-forms"]
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last_updated: 2026-04-25
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---
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## Overview
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法国社会学家和人类学家,涂尔干(Durkheim)的外甥。《礼物》(The Gift)作者,系统阐述了礼物经济中互惠义务的机制,是经济人类学的奠基之作。
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## Aliases
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- Mauss
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- M. Mauss
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## Key Contributions
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- **礼物交换理论**:在原始/古代社会中,交换不仅是经济行为,更是社会义务——"礼物之灵"(hau)使接受者必须回报
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- **礼物义务(Potlatch)**:北太平洋西北岸部落通过毁坏财富展示来确立社会地位的大型仪式交换
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- **互惠原则(Reciprocity)**:社会凝聚力的基础机制之一——给予、接受、回报的三段循环
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## Relevance to Anthropologist Agent
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Anthropologist Agent 将 Mauss 的礼物经济作为 Advanced Capabilities 之一,用于设计基于互惠和社会义务的交换系统。
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## Connections
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- [[Gift-Economy]] ← authored_by ← [[Marcel-Mauss]]
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- [[Anthropologist-Agent]] ← uses_framework ← [[Marcel-Mauss]]
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- [[Polanyi]] ← extends ← [[Marcel-Mauss]]
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