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wiki/concepts/Blackbox_exporter.md
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title: "Blackbox_exporter"
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type: concept
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tags: [exporter, prometheus, blackbox, monitoring]
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sources: [家庭监控方案-prometheus-grafana-node-exporter-cadvisor-blackbox]
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last_updated: 2026-04-16
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---
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## Definition
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Blackbox_exporter 是 Prometheus 官方提供的黑盒探测 exporter,通过 HTTP、HTTPS、TCP、ICMP、DNS 等协议探测目标可用性和性能。
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## Supported Modules
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- **HTTP/HTTPS**:探测状态码、响应时间、TLS 证书
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- **TCP**:端口连通性
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- **ICMP**:主机可达性(ping)
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- **DNS**:域名解析
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## Use Cases
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- 网站可用性监控
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- TLS 证书到期告警
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- DNS 解析监控
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- 内网服务健康检查
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## Key Metrics
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- `probe_success`:探测是否成功(0/1)
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- `probe_duration_seconds`:探测耗时
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- `probe_http_status_code`:HTTP 状态码
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- `probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry`:SSL 证书到期时间
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## Common Alert Rules
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- HTTP 探测失败(连续 3 次)
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- TLS 证书剩余 < 14 天
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- 响应时间 > 阈值
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## Docker 部署
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```yaml
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blackbox:
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image: prom/blackbox-exporter:latest
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ports:
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- "9115:9115"
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```
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## Default Port
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- 9115
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## Connections
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- [[Blackbox_exporter]] ← scrapes_by ← [[Prometheus]]
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- [[Blackbox_exporter]] ← blackbox_monitoring ← [[Uptime Kuma]](可选集成)
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