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wiki/concepts/EOQ.md
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---
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title: "EOQ(经济订货量)"
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type: concept
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tags: [supply-chain, inventory-management]
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---
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## Definition
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EOQ(Economic Order Quantity,经济订货量)是通过公式计算的最优订货量,平衡订货成本和库存持有成本。
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## Formula
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```
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EOQ = √(2DS/H)
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其中:
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D = 年需求量(Annual demand quantity)
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S = 每次订货成本(Cost per order)
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H = 单位持有成本(Holding cost rate × unit price)
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```
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## Example
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- 年需求量 D = 10,000 件
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- 订货成本 S = ¥500/次
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- 单价 ¥100,持有成本率 20%
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- H = ¥100 × 20% = ¥20
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```
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EOQ = √(2 × 10000 × 500 / 20) = √500,000 = 707 件
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```
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## Related Concepts
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- **ROP(Reorder Point,再订货点)**:ROP = 日均需求 × 交期天数 + 安全库存
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- **安全库存(Safety Stock)**:SS = Z × σdLT,防止缺货的缓冲库存
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## Connections
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- [[Supply Chain Strategist]] ← uses ← [[EOQ(经济订货量)]]
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- [[库存管理策略]] — EOQ 是库存管理策略的核心计算工具
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