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---
title: "Formal Verification"
type: concept
tags: [smart-contract, security, verification]
sources: [blockchain-security-auditor]
last_updated: 2026-04-20
---
## Definition
形式化验证Formal Verification是使用数学方法证明智能合约正确性的技术通过对代码进行形式化建模并验证其满足指定属性。
## Methods
- **Symbolic Execution**:符号执行,遍历代码路径
- **Model Checking**:模型检验,验证有限状态机
- **Theorem Proving**:定理证明,数学推导证明
## Tools
- **Certora**:以太坊智能合约形式化验证
- **Halmos**:符号执行工具
- **KEVM**EVM 形式化规范
- **Mythril**:符号执行分析
## Use Cases
- 验证协议不变量(如 total shares × price = total assets
- 证明访问控制逻辑正确性
- 验证数学公式实现正确性
- 穷举攻击路径
## Limitations
- 状态空间爆炸问题
- 需要形式化规范specification
- 工具和专家稀缺
- 无法证明元编程安全性
## Connections
- [[Static Analysis]] ← complements ← [[Formal Verification]]
- [[Smart Contract Security]] ← enables ← [[Formal Verification]]