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title: "Static Analysis"
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type: concept
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tags: [smart-contract, security, tools]
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sources: [blockchain-security-auditor]
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last_updated: 2026-04-20
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---
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## Definition
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静态分析(Static Analysis)是通过分析代码结构而不执行程序来检测漏洞的方法,是智能合约安全审计的第一道防线。
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## Tools in Ecosystem
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- **Slither**:Trail of Bits 开发,Python 实现
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- **Mythril**:Consensys Diligence 开发,符号执行
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- **Medusa**:二进制模糊测试框架
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- **Semgrep**:通用代码分析工具
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## Slither Detectors
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| 严重级别 | 检测器 |
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|---------|--------|
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| High | reentrancy-eth, suicidal, controlled-delegatecall |
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| Medium | reentrancy-benign, timestamp, low-level-calls |
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| Low | naming-convention, unused-state |
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## Limitations
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- 只能发现约 30% 的真实漏洞
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- 漏报率高(false negatives)
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- 逻辑漏洞和经济漏洞难以发现
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- 依赖工具更新维护
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## Best Practice
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- 静态分析作为第一轮扫描
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- 人工审查作为主要手段
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- 属性测试补充验证
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## Connections
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- [[Formal Verification]] ← complements ← [[Static Analysis]]
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- [[Slither]] ← implements ← [[Static Analysis]]
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- [[Mythril]] ← implements ← [[Static Analysis]]
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