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wiki/concepts/SAST.md
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# SAST (Static Application Security Testing)
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## Definition
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SAST tools analyze an application's source code to identify security vulnerabilities without executing the code. They excel at spotting common issues such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and buffer overflows.
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## Aliases
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- Static Application Security Testing
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- White-box testing
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- Static analysis
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## Characteristics
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- **无需运行代码**:在静态状态下分析源代码
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- **白盒测试**:能看到代码内部结构
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- **开发阶段适用**:在编码和代码审查时使用
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- **速度快**:可以快速扫描大量代码
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## Common Vulnerabilities Detected
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- SQL 注入(SQL Injection)
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- 跨站脚本(XSS, Cross-Site Scripting)
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- 缓冲区溢出(Buffer Overflow)
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- 硬编码凭证(Hardcoded Credentials)
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- 不安全的加密使用
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- 路径遍历(Path Traversal)
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## Tools
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- [[SonarQube]] — 代码质量和安全分析
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- Checkmarx
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- Veracode
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- Fortify
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- Semgrep
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## Integration
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SAST 工具通常集成到:
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- IDE 开发环境
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- CI/CD 构建管道
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- 代码审查流程
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## Limitations
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- 可能产生误报(False Positives)
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- 无法检测运行时问题
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- 需要源代码访问权限
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- 不检测配置问题
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## Related Concepts
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- [[DevSecOps]] — SAST 是其重要组件
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- [[DAST]] — 动态应用安全测试(黑盒测试)
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- [[IAST]] — 交互式应用安全测试
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- [[SCA]] — 软件组成分析
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- [[Shift-Left-Security]] — SAST 是左移策略的重要工具
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## Sources
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- [[what-is-devsecops-best-practices-benefits-and-tools]]
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