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wiki/concepts/systemd.md

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+---
+id: systemd
+title: "systemd"
+type: concept
+tags: [linux, service-manager]
+date: 2026-04-16
+---
+
+## Definition
+systemd 是 Linux 系统的服务管理器，负责管理系统进程、服务和启动项，是大多数现代 Linux 发行版的初始系统。
+
+## Key Components
+- **systemd**：系统和服务管理器
+- **systemctl**：命令行管理工具
+- **journald**：日志收集系统
+- **unit files**：服务配置文件（.service）
+
+## Common Commands
+```bash
+# 启动服务
+sudo systemctl start <service>
+
+# 停止服务
+sudo systemctl stop <service>
+
+# 重启服务
+sudo systemctl restart <service>
+
+# 查看状态
+sudo systemctl status <service>
+
+# 开机自启
+sudo systemctl enable <service>
+
+# 禁用开机自启
+sudo systemctl disable <service>
+
+# 查看日志
+sudo journalctl -u <service>
+```
+
+## Unit File Structure
+```ini
+[Unit]
+Description=<description>
+After=network-online.target
+Wants=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+ExecStart=/path/to/executable
+Restart=on-failure
+RestartSec=10
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+```
+
+## Connections
+- [[systemd]] ← manages ← [[Linux系统服务]]
+- [[systemd]] ← writes_logs_to ← [[journald]]