Update nexus: fix conflicts and sync local changes
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@@ -1,64 +1,64 @@
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---
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title: "Exporter"
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type: concept
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aliases: [Prometheus Exporter, 指标导出器, Prometheus指标导出器]
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tags: [prometheus, monitoring, metrics, infrastructure]
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date: 2025-11-11
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---
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# Exporter
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## Overview
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Exporter(指标导出器)是 Prometheus 生态中的核心组件,负责从各类目标系统采集指标数据,并通过 HTTP `/metrics` 端点暴露 Prometheus 格式的指标,供 Prometheus 服务器定期抓取。Exporter 不处理数据存储和告警,只做"采集 + 暴露"这一件事。
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## Design Philosophy
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- **无代理(Agentless)**:大多数 exporter 作为独立进程运行,不需要在被监控系统上安装额外软件
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- **HTTP 暴露**:通过标准的 `/metrics` 端点提供文本格式的指标
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- **松耦合**:Exporter 与 Prometheus 通过 HTTP 协议解耦,可独立部署和升级
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- **Pull 模式**:Prometheus 主动抓取,而非 exporter 主动推送
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## Official Exporters
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| Exporter | 指标来源 | 默认端口 |
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|----------|----------|----------|
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| [[node_exporter]] | Linux/Unix 主机(CPU/内存/磁盘/网络) | 9100 |
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| [[cAdvisor]] | Docker 容器 | 8080 |
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| [[blackbox_exporter]] | HTTP/TCP/DNS/TLS 端点 | 9115 |
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| alertmanager | Alertmanager 实例 | 9093 |
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| postgres_exporter | PostgreSQL 数据库 | 9187 |
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| mysql_exporter | MySQL/MariaDB 数据库 | 9104 |
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| redis_exporter | Redis 缓存 | 9121 |
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| nginx-exporter | Nginx 状态页 | 9113 |
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## /metrics Format
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```text
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# HELP node_cpu_seconds_total Seconds the CPUs spent in each mode.
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# TYPE node_cpu_seconds_total counter
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node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="idle"} 123456.789
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node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="user"} 98765.432
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```
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## Key Fields
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- `# HELP`:指标说明(人类可读描述)
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- `# TYPE`:指标类型(gauge / counter / histogram / summary)
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- 指标行:`<metric_name>{<labels>} <value>`
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## Prometheus scrape_config
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```yaml
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scrape_configs:
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- job_name: 'node_exporter'
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static_configs:
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- targets: ['192.168.1.10:9100']
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```
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## Related Entities
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- [[Prometheus]] — 数据消费者
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- [[node_exporter]] — 主机指标 exporter
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- [[cAdvisor]] — 容器指标 exporter
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- [[blackbox_exporter]] — 网络探测 exporter
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- [[Alertmanager]] — 告警 exporter
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## Related Concepts
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- [[PromQL]] — 指标查询语言
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- [[Prometheus告警规则]] — 基于 exporter 指标的告警条件
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- [[时序数据库]] — exporter 产出的数据存储模型
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- [[System Monitoring]] — 应用领域
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---
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title: "Exporter"
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type: concept
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aliases: [Prometheus Exporter, 指标导出器, Prometheus指标导出器]
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tags: [prometheus, monitoring, metrics, infrastructure]
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date: 2025-11-11
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---
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# Exporter
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## Overview
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Exporter(指标导出器)是 Prometheus 生态中的核心组件,负责从各类目标系统采集指标数据,并通过 HTTP `/metrics` 端点暴露 Prometheus 格式的指标,供 Prometheus 服务器定期抓取。Exporter 不处理数据存储和告警,只做"采集 + 暴露"这一件事。
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## Design Philosophy
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- **无代理(Agentless)**:大多数 exporter 作为独立进程运行,不需要在被监控系统上安装额外软件
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- **HTTP 暴露**:通过标准的 `/metrics` 端点提供文本格式的指标
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- **松耦合**:Exporter 与 Prometheus 通过 HTTP 协议解耦,可独立部署和升级
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- **Pull 模式**:Prometheus 主动抓取,而非 exporter 主动推送
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## Official Exporters
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| Exporter | 指标来源 | 默认端口 |
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|----------|----------|----------|
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| [[node_exporter]] | Linux/Unix 主机(CPU/内存/磁盘/网络) | 9100 |
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| [[cAdvisor]] | Docker 容器 | 8080 |
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| [[blackbox_exporter]] | HTTP/TCP/DNS/TLS 端点 | 9115 |
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| alertmanager | Alertmanager 实例 | 9093 |
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| postgres_exporter | PostgreSQL 数据库 | 9187 |
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| mysql_exporter | MySQL/MariaDB 数据库 | 9104 |
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| redis_exporter | Redis 缓存 | 9121 |
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| nginx-exporter | Nginx 状态页 | 9113 |
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## /metrics Format
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```text
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# HELP node_cpu_seconds_total Seconds the CPUs spent in each mode.
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# TYPE node_cpu_seconds_total counter
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node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="idle"} 123456.789
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node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="user"} 98765.432
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```
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## Key Fields
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- `# HELP`:指标说明(人类可读描述)
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- `# TYPE`:指标类型(gauge / counter / histogram / summary)
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- 指标行:`<metric_name>{<labels>} <value>`
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## Prometheus scrape_config
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```yaml
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scrape_configs:
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- job_name: 'node_exporter'
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static_configs:
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- targets: ['192.168.1.10:9100']
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```
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## Related Entities
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- [[Prometheus]] — 数据消费者
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- [[node_exporter]] — 主机指标 exporter
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- [[cAdvisor]] — 容器指标 exporter
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- [[blackbox_exporter]] — 网络探测 exporter
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- [[Alertmanager]] — 告警 exporter
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## Related Concepts
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- [[PromQL]] — 指标查询语言
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- [[Prometheus告警规则]] — 基于 exporter 指标的告警条件
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- [[时序数据库]] — exporter 产出的数据存储模型
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- [[System Monitoring]] — 应用领域
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