--- title: "EOQ(经济订货量)" type: concept tags: [supply-chain, inventory-management] --- ## Definition EOQ(Economic Order Quantity,经济订货量)是通过公式计算的最优订货量,平衡订货成本和库存持有成本。 ## Formula ``` EOQ = √(2DS/H) 其中: D = 年需求量(Annual demand quantity) S = 每次订货成本(Cost per order) H = 单位持有成本(Holding cost rate × unit price) ``` ## Example - 年需求量 D = 10,000 件 - 订货成本 S = ¥500/次 - 单价 ¥100,持有成本率 20% - H = ¥100 × 20% = ¥20 ``` EOQ = √(2 × 10000 × 500 / 20) = √500,000 = 707 件 ``` ## Related Concepts - **ROP(Reorder Point,再订货点)**:ROP = 日均需求 × 交期天数 + 安全库存 - **安全库存(Safety Stock)**:SS = Z × σdLT,防止缺货的缓冲库存 ## Connections - [[Supply Chain Strategist]] ← uses ← [[EOQ(经济订货量)]] - [[库存管理策略]] — EOQ 是库存管理策略的核心计算工具