--- title: "Koppen Climate Classification" type: concept tags: [geography, climate, classification] last_updated: 2026-04-20 --- ## Definition 柯本气候分类法(Koppen Climate Classification)是一种基于植物分布和温度降水模式的气候分类系统,由俄罗斯气候学家弗拉基米尔·柯本于 1884 年创立,是物理地理学的基础工具。 ## Classification System ### Main Climate Groups - **A**: Tropical(热带气候) - **B**: Dry(干旱气候) - **C**: Temperate(温带气候) - **D**: Continental(大陆性气候) - **E**: Polar(极地气候) ### Secondary Divisions - f: Moist(湿润) - m: Monsoon(季风) - w: Dry winter(冬干) - s: Dry summer(夏干) - g: G来型(Gust来型) - etc. ### Common Examples - **Af**: Tropical rainforest(热带雨林) - **Am**: Tropical monsoon(热带季风) - **Aw/As**: Tropical savanna(热带稀树草原) - **BWh**: Hot desert(炎热沙漠) - **BWk**: Cold desert(寒冷沙漠) - **Cfa**: Humid subtropical(湿润亚热带) - **Cfb**: Oceanic(海洋性气候) - **Cwa**: Monsoon humid subtropical(季风亚热带) - **Dfa/Dfb**: Hot/Cold continental(夏季炎热/寒冷大陆性) ## Application in Worldbuilding ### Rules for [[Geographic Coherence]] 1. Climate zone must match latitude(气候带必须匹配纬度) - Tropical (A) typically within ±23.5° of equator - Temperate (C) typically 30°-50° latitude - Continental (D) typically 40°-60° latitude - Polar (E) above 60° latitude 2. Altitude affects classification(海拔影响分类) - Higher elevation can create cooler microclimates - Mountain regions may have vertical climate zones 3. Rain shadows exist(雨影效应存在) - Mountain ranges block moisture - Leeward sides are typically drier ## Related Concepts - [[Geographic Coherence]]: Framework for validating world geography - [[Biome]]: Vegetation type consistent with climate - [[Hydrology]]: Water flow patterns in geographic systems ## Source - Primary source: [[raw/Agent/agency-agents/academic/academic-geographer.md]]