[
  {
    "text": "Welcome to SRE Reliability, the show",
    "start": 1,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "about human beings and their experiences",
    "start": 2.96,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "in SRE, observability, and technology",
    "start": 5.16,
    "duration": 3.32
  },
  {
    "text": "leadership. [music]",
    "start": 7.64,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "I'm your host, Stephen Townsend.",
    "start": 8.48,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "Welcome back to SRE Reliability. I'm",
    "start": 12.56,
    "duration": 3.56
  },
  {
    "text": "Stephen Townsend, and this is the show",
    "start": 14.32,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "where we learn about SRE 2 weeks at a",
    "start": 16.12,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "time.",
    "start": 18.28,
    "duration": 3.12
  },
  {
    "text": "A couple of weeks ago,",
    "start": 19.88,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "maybe three, four weeks ago, I prepared",
    "start": 21.4,
    "duration": 5.76
  },
  {
    "text": "a 20-minute introduction to SRE and",
    "start": 24.36,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "observability for a meetup event called",
    "start": 27.16,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "Junior Dev here in Auckland, New",
    "start": 29.64,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "Zealand.",
    "start": 31.68,
    "duration": 2.84
  },
  {
    "text": "Uh I spent a bit of time preparing for",
    "start": 32.72,
    "duration": 4.8
  },
  {
    "text": "it, and although it's a very",
    "start": 34.52,
    "duration": 5.24
  },
  {
    "text": "introductory topic, I thought it was",
    "start": 37.52,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "worth putting it together into a podcast",
    "start": 39.76,
    "duration": 5.08
  },
  {
    "text": "episode as well. So,",
    "start": 42.52,
    "duration": 4.8
  },
  {
    "text": "I think it's interesting to reflect back",
    "start": 44.84,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "over the many years that I've been",
    "start": 47.32,
    "duration": 4.92
  },
  {
    "text": "producing this podcast and working in",
    "start": 49.36,
    "duration": 4.96
  },
  {
    "text": "SRE to varying degrees,",
    "start": 52.24,
    "duration": 5.04
  },
  {
    "text": "to reflect on how my perception and",
    "start": 54.32,
    "duration": 4.96
  },
  {
    "text": "understanding of what SRE is changes",
    "start": 57.28,
    "duration": 3.635
  },
  {
    "text": "over those times.",
    "start": 59.28,
    "duration": 1.68
  },
  {
    "text": ">> [snorts]",
    "start": 60.915,
    "duration": 3.165
  },
  {
    "text": ">> So, this is an introduction which is not",
    "start": 60.96,
    "duration": 5.56
  },
  {
    "text": "particularly detailed. I deliberately",
    "start": 64.08,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "made it quite high-level.",
    "start": 66.52,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "I described it as",
    "start": 68.6,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "if SRE is a a loaf of bread,",
    "start": 70.8,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "throwing out a few crumbs to give a",
    "start": 73.48,
    "duration": 3.44
  },
  {
    "text": "flavor of what it's about, rather than",
    "start": 74.92,
    "duration": 4.32
  },
  {
    "text": "trying to be completely scientifically",
    "start": 76.92,
    "duration": 5.16
  },
  {
    "text": "accurate in everything that I said.",
    "start": 79.24,
    "duration": 5.44
  },
  {
    "text": "So, I'm going to share this presentation",
    "start": 82.08,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "with you. If you were listening to the",
    "start": 84.68,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "audio-only version, you're not really",
    "start": 86.68,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "missing out on anything. There are some",
    "start": 88.84,
    "duration": 5.16
  },
  {
    "text": "slides, but it's basically just",
    "start": 90.92,
    "duration": 4.84
  },
  {
    "text": "MS Paint pictures that you've probably",
    "start": 94,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "seen before, just a couple of new ones.",
    "start": 95.76,
    "duration": 4.92
  },
  {
    "text": "There's no visual aids apart from one",
    "start": 98.28,
    "duration": 4.64
  },
  {
    "text": "point which really support what I'm",
    "start": 100.68,
    "duration": 5.08
  },
  {
    "text": "saying. So, you're not missing out if",
    "start": 102.92,
    "duration": 4.96
  },
  {
    "text": "you just listen. But if you want to, you",
    "start": 105.76,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "can go and watch this on YouTube where",
    "start": 107.88,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "you can see my screen as I present this",
    "start": 109.56,
    "duration": 3.52
  },
  {
    "text": "as well.",
    "start": 112.04,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "So, let's see how this goes. I've got my",
    "start": 113.08,
    "duration": 4.08
  },
  {
    "text": "cue cards with me here which I haven't",
    "start": 115.12,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "used for a few weeks, but we'll we'll",
    "start": 117.16,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "see how this goes. guys. And I'm going",
    "start": 119.48,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "to start with an introduction. So, I'm",
    "start": 121.2,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "assuming that if you are listening to",
    "start": 123.36,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "this podcast, you probably know who I",
    "start": 124.92,
    "duration": 4.44
  },
  {
    "text": "am. But if you don't, this will be an",
    "start": 127.12,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "opportunity just to find out a little",
    "start": 129.36,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "bit more about me.",
    "start": 130.84,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "So, hi there. My name is Stephen",
    "start": 133.56,
    "duration": 2.44
  },
  {
    "text": "Townsend. I live in Auckland, New",
    "start": 134.52,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "Zealand with my family. You can see the",
    "start": 136,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "picture there if you are looking at the",
    "start": 138.4,
    "duration": 2.64
  },
  {
    "text": "slides.",
    "start": 139.72,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "I've been working in technology for",
    "start": 141.04,
    "duration": 5.4
  },
  {
    "text": "about 18 years, and my current role is",
    "start": 142.76,
    "duration": 6.52
  },
  {
    "text": "the SRE and DevOps team lead at a",
    "start": 146.44,
    "duration": 4.8
  },
  {
    "text": "company called Blue Card.",
    "start": 149.28,
    "duration": 3.16
  },
  {
    "text": "And if you hadn't heard of Blue Card",
    "start": 151.24,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "before, we provide smart metering",
    "start": 152.44,
    "duration": 5.88
  },
  {
    "text": "services for electricity, for water, and",
    "start": 155.4,
    "duration": 5.4
  },
  {
    "text": "for gas across New Zealand and",
    "start": 158.32,
    "duration": 3.56
  },
  {
    "text": "Australia.",
    "start": 160.8,
    "duration": 2.44
  },
  {
    "text": "I studied computer science at the",
    "start": 161.88,
    "duration": 4.44
  },
  {
    "text": "University of Canterbury from 2002 to",
    "start": 163.24,
    "duration": 5.04
  },
  {
    "text": "2004,",
    "start": 166.32,
    "duration": 5.24
  },
  {
    "text": "and then I remember thinking, I can't do",
    "start": 168.28,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "this the rest of my life. I need to have",
    "start": 171.56,
    "duration": 2.8
  },
  {
    "text": "some adventures.",
    "start": 172.96,
    "duration": 3.44
  },
  {
    "text": "I auditioned for Toi Whakaari, the New",
    "start": 174.36,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "Zealand Drama School, based in",
    "start": 176.4,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "Wellington, New Zealand. Uh and I got",
    "start": 178.24,
    "duration": 5.04
  },
  {
    "text": "in. I got accepted, and I went there and",
    "start": 180.76,
    "duration": 5.64
  },
  {
    "text": "trained for 3 years to be a professional",
    "start": 183.28,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "actor.",
    "start": 186.4,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "Clearly, I'm not a professional actor.",
    "start": 187.64,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "You wouldn't have seen me in anything",
    "start": 190.24,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "other than maybe an extra on James",
    "start": 192.24,
    "duration": 4.84
  },
  {
    "text": "Cameron's Avatar, uh the first movie.",
    "start": 194.52,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "But drama school was a really formative",
    "start": 197.08,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "time in my life. I learned a lot about",
    "start": 199.28,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "myself. I grew a lot as a person,",
    "start": 201.28,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "and I met my wife, Natasha. She was in",
    "start": 204,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "my class, so lots was gained from that",
    "start": 206.28,
    "duration": 3.6
  },
  {
    "text": "experience.",
    "start": 208.56,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "However, after being a miserable",
    "start": 209.88,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "unemployed actor for about 6 to 8",
    "start": 212.24,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "months,",
    "start": 215.16,
    "duration": 3.4
  },
  {
    "text": "I started looking for work in tech. I",
    "start": 216.2,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "wanted to take control of my life, and I",
    "start": 218.56,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "wanted to get back into that world.",
    "start": 220.32,
    "duration": 3.44
  },
  {
    "text": "I applied for lots of different jobs,",
    "start": 222.28,
    "duration": 3.48
  },
  {
    "text": "had didn't have much luck, but I did",
    "start": 223.76,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "eventually land a job as a junior",
    "start": 225.76,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "performance test engineer.",
    "start": 228.48,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "I'd never heard of performance testing",
    "start": 230.76,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "before, or anything about it,",
    "start": 232.48,
    "duration": 5.92
  },
  {
    "text": "but it turned out to be a wonderful mix",
    "start": 235.04,
    "duration": 6.8
  },
  {
    "text": "of the technicals, writing code, uh",
    "start": 238.4,
    "duration": 5.2
  },
  {
    "text": "analyzing huge amounts of data and",
    "start": 241.84,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "finding patterns in that, understanding",
    "start": 243.6,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "architecture and systems, understanding",
    "start": 245.88,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "business context, even a bit of",
    "start": 248.32,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "mathematics when it came to things like",
    "start": 250.56,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "workload modeling or understanding data.",
    "start": 252.2,
    "duration": 5.159
  },
  {
    "text": "And I did that for 13 years, and I",
    "start": 255.08,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "became a deep specialist in that that",
    "start": 257.359,
    "duration": 3.961
  },
  {
    "text": "space.",
    "start": 259.64,
    "duration": 3.6
  },
  {
    "text": "But I got to a certain point where I was",
    "start": 261.32,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "really good at what I was doing, right?",
    "start": 263.24,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "I was going to different parts of the",
    "start": 265,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "world to speak at conferences. I was",
    "start": 267.24,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "producing a podcast called Performance",
    "start": 269.24,
    "duration": 4.8
  },
  {
    "text": "Time, and creating articles and content",
    "start": 271.48,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "online.",
    "start": 274.04,
    "duration": 2.6
  },
  {
    "text": "But I felt like I'd hit this glass",
    "start": 275.4,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "ceiling, where as good as I was at the",
    "start": 276.64,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "thing that I was doing,",
    "start": 279.2,
    "duration": 2.92
  },
  {
    "text": "I could see other things in the",
    "start": 280.84,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "organization happening that I thought I",
    "start": 282.12,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "could have a bigger impact in.",
    "start": 284.2,
    "duration": 5.6
  },
  {
    "text": "And that's when I got first into SRE.",
    "start": 286.12,
    "duration": 6.28
  },
  {
    "text": "I was part of an incubator team at IAG",
    "start": 289.8,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "at the time. There were just four of us",
    "start": 292.4,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "to start with, and we were tasked with",
    "start": 294.32,
    "duration": 4.32
  },
  {
    "text": "the goal of finding opportunities to",
    "start": 296.44,
    "duration": 5.48
  },
  {
    "text": "bring SRE principles and practices into",
    "start": 298.64,
    "duration": 6.52
  },
  {
    "text": "IAG to improve how we operate software.",
    "start": 301.92,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "And I was going from a thing that I was",
    "start": 305.16,
    "duration": 3.24
  },
  {
    "text": "really, really good at and specialist",
    "start": 306.68,
    "duration": 4.08
  },
  {
    "text": "at, into something I knew absolutely",
    "start": 308.4,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "nothing about.",
    "start": 310.76,
    "duration": 2.64
  },
  {
    "text": "And honestly,",
    "start": 312.2,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "I found it so liberating just to let go",
    "start": 313.4,
    "duration": 5.44
  },
  {
    "text": "of all the expectation, all the ego,",
    "start": 316.88,
    "duration": 5.2
  },
  {
    "text": "just throw it aside, and say, ah, okay.",
    "start": 318.84,
    "duration": 4.92
  },
  {
    "text": "Let's figure this out.",
    "start": 322.08,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "And as you probably can tell by now, one",
    "start": 323.76,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "of the ways which I learn is public",
    "start": 325.44,
    "duration": 3.44
  },
  {
    "text": "learning.",
    "start": 327.88,
    "duration": 3
  },
  {
    "text": "So, I started posting questions online,",
    "start": 328.88,
    "duration": 4.64
  },
  {
    "text": "opinions online, observations,",
    "start": 330.88,
    "duration": 4.64
  },
  {
    "text": "and then that's when I started this",
    "start": 333.52,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "podcast, SRE Reliability.",
    "start": 335.52,
    "duration": 5.56
  },
  {
    "text": "The idea was, I know nothing about SRE,",
    "start": 338.08,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "come and learn with me.",
    "start": 341.08,
    "duration": 2.68
  },
  {
    "text": "And that seemed to resonate with some",
    "start": 342.6,
    "duration": 2.52
  },
  {
    "text": "people.",
    "start": 343.76,
    "duration": 3.52
  },
  {
    "text": "Over the years, obviously, the podcast",
    "start": 345.12,
    "duration": 4.92
  },
  {
    "text": "has changed. It now is predominantly",
    "start": 347.28,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "about guests from around the world",
    "start": 350.04,
    "duration": 2.96
  },
  {
    "text": "coming on to talk about their",
    "start": 351.84,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "experiences or ideas or challenges,",
    "start": 353,
    "duration": 5.64
  },
  {
    "text": "but it's also expanded into other areas,",
    "start": 356.32,
    "duration": 4.84
  },
  {
    "text": "observability, of course, uh technology",
    "start": 358.64,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "leadership, mental health, things which",
    "start": 361.16,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "are important to me and important to",
    "start": 363.64,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "many people working in this world.",
    "start": 365.28,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "So, by the time this is released, it'll",
    "start": 368.52,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "be something like 120 episodes.",
    "start": 369.96,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "Around about 80 different guests from",
    "start": 372.44,
    "duration": 2.96
  },
  {
    "text": "around the world have been on the",
    "start": 374.08,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "podcast, so it's been",
    "start": 375.4,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "reasonably successful, and it's",
    "start": 377.72,
    "duration": 3.6
  },
  {
    "text": "something that I enjoy doing,",
    "start": 379.4,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "and a way to keep connected to that",
    "start": 381.32,
    "duration": 5.2
  },
  {
    "text": "creative part of myself.",
    "start": 384,
    "duration": 4.96
  },
  {
    "text": "So, SRE stands for site reliability",
    "start": 386.52,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "engineering. It was started by Google",
    "start": 388.96,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "back in around 2003, 2004.",
    "start": 391.28,
    "duration": 5.52
  },
  {
    "text": "Uh as Ben Treynor, who was and maybe",
    "start": 394.24,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "still is VP of engineering at Google,",
    "start": 396.8,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "said, \"SRE is what you get when you",
    "start": 398.76,
    "duration": 5.36
  },
  {
    "text": "treat operations as a software problem",
    "start": 401.32,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "staffed by software engineers.\"",
    "start": 404.12,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, I'm probably teaching you to suck",
    "start": 406.6,
    "duration": 3.32
  },
  {
    "text": "eggs here, but since computers have",
    "start": 408,
    "duration": 4.4
  },
  {
    "text": "existed, there's been this divide, this",
    "start": 409.92,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "chasm between the people who write the",
    "start": 412.4,
    "duration": 5.08
  },
  {
    "text": "code and develop the software, and the",
    "start": 414.92,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "people who operate and support it in",
    "start": 417.48,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "production.",
    "start": 419.44,
    "duration": 3.48
  },
  {
    "text": "Dev and ops. That's the term DevOps to",
    "start": 420.52,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "try and bring them together.",
    "start": 422.92,
    "duration": 3.56
  },
  {
    "text": "And Google had the made this observation",
    "start": 424.64,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "that in the development world, the",
    "start": 426.48,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "innovation that was happening was many",
    "start": 429.12,
    "duration": 3.56
  },
  {
    "text": "years ahead of what was happening in",
    "start": 431.36,
    "duration": 2.68
  },
  {
    "text": "operations.",
    "start": 432.68,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "So, SRE was created as a way to take all",
    "start": 434.04,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "those innovative ideas around",
    "start": 436.52,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "automation, simplification, abstraction,",
    "start": 438.24,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "and apply them to the world of",
    "start": 440.76,
    "duration": 5.96
  },
  {
    "text": "operations. And thus, SRE was born.",
    "start": 442.52,
    "duration": 6.88
  },
  {
    "text": "SRE is now been adopted by organizations",
    "start": 446.72,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "around the world. It means different",
    "start": 449.4,
    "duration": 3.24
  },
  {
    "text": "things to different people and different",
    "start": 451,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "organizations at different times.",
    "start": 452.64,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "Up until recently, I didn't say the word",
    "start": 455.04,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "SRE much anymore. I talked about",
    "start": 456.88,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "reliability engineering because what I",
    "start": 458.96,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "was doing and what many people do is so",
    "start": 461.24,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "vastly different to what Google",
    "start": 462.96,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "did and does that uh",
    "start": 465.2,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "I don't know, it didn't feel",
    "start": 467.24,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "right to say SRE. But",
    "start": 469.12,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "I am literally titled SRE team lead now,",
    "start": 471.4,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "so that's something that I I do say now.",
    "start": 473.68,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "My own definition was, and I think I'm",
    "start": 476.4,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "going to change it pretty soon, is that",
    "start": 478.04,
    "duration": 5.2
  },
  {
    "text": "SRE is about designing, building, and",
    "start": 480.52,
    "duration": 6.4
  },
  {
    "text": "operating reliable services at scale,",
    "start": 483.24,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "and making the operation of those",
    "start": 486.92,
    "duration": 5.92
  },
  {
    "text": "services as simple, effective, and dare",
    "start": 488.52,
    "duration": 6.76
  },
  {
    "text": "I say enjoyable as possible.",
    "start": 492.84,
    "duration": 4.64
  },
  {
    "text": "The other important part of SRE is it",
    "start": 495.28,
    "duration": 5.56
  },
  {
    "text": "decouples the scale of an organization",
    "start": 497.48,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "from the number of people required to",
    "start": 500.84,
    "duration": 3.16
  },
  {
    "text": "operate its services.",
    "start": 502.36,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "So, you think about the Google context",
    "start": 504,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "as it was exploding in the early 2000s.",
    "start": 505.72,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "You might have a service which has 10",
    "start": 508.48,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "times or or more, 100 times more",
    "start": 509.84,
    "duration": 5.36
  },
  {
    "text": "activity on it 1 year to the next.",
    "start": 512.76,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "Are you going to hire 10 or 100 times",
    "start": 515.2,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "more engineers to operate it? No. That's",
    "start": 517.24,
    "duration": 5.08
  },
  {
    "text": "not cost-effective, and it just doesn't",
    "start": 520.2,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "work because as you add more people, you",
    "start": 522.32,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "add more coordination overhead, and it",
    "start": 524.72,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "just gets out of control.",
    "start": 526.84,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "So, by decoupling those two things,",
    "start": 528.68,
    "duration": 5.56
  },
  {
    "text": "being able to operate more complex,",
    "start": 531.44,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "busier services with the same amount of",
    "start": 534.24,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "people, that unlocks your ability to",
    "start": 535.8,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "scale.",
    "start": 538.48,
    "duration": 3.12
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, I'm going to introduce some of the",
    "start": 540,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "principles and practices, not all of",
    "start": 541.6,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "them. Selfishly, I'm picking the things",
    "start": 543.08,
    "duration": 4.92
  },
  {
    "text": "which are most relevant to my role right",
    "start": 545.44,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "now. So, I'm pretty new to Blue Card at",
    "start": 548,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "the time of speaking about this. I've",
    "start": 550.2,
    "duration": 4.08
  },
  {
    "text": "been brought on board to bring SRE to",
    "start": 551.88,
    "duration": 5.48
  },
  {
    "text": "life and in the most amazing way. This",
    "start": 554.28,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "is the first time in my career I've",
    "start": 557.36,
    "duration": 3.44
  },
  {
    "text": "really got to get to just truly do the",
    "start": 558.88,
    "duration": 4.64
  },
  {
    "text": "SRE thing and bring it to life in an",
    "start": 560.8,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "organization who's ready for it.",
    "start": 563.52,
    "duration": 3.48
  },
  {
    "text": "So, the areas I'm going to talk about",
    "start": 565.52,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "today uh this idea of",
    "start": 567,
    "duration": 5.72
  },
  {
    "text": "our culture around incidents,",
    "start": 569.72,
    "duration": 5.4
  },
  {
    "text": "uh service level objectives,",
    "start": 572.72,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "observability, which isn't, I guess,",
    "start": 575.12,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "technically part of SRE, but it's so",
    "start": 576.84,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "intertwined with it, I had to speak",
    "start": 579.72,
    "duration": 2.68
  },
  {
    "text": "about it.",
    "start": 581.08,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "Toil, and blameless postmortems. And",
    "start": 582.4,
    "duration": 4.92
  },
  {
    "text": "there's so many more aspects to it",
    "start": 585.08,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "around architecture and design and all",
    "start": 587.32,
    "duration": 3.4
  },
  {
    "text": "these different principles and ideas,",
    "start": 589.12,
    "duration": 3.6
  },
  {
    "text": "but I'll just start with these to give",
    "start": 590.72,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "you those crumbs, to give you the flavor",
    "start": 592.72,
    "duration": 4.96
  },
  {
    "text": "of what SRE is all about.",
    "start": 594.88,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "So, let's start with incident culture.",
    "start": 597.68,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "An incident, what is an incident? It's",
    "start": 599.6,
    "duration": 6.76
  },
  {
    "text": "some kind of outage or loss of service.",
    "start": 602.36,
    "duration": 6.32
  },
  {
    "text": "It generally negatively impacts your",
    "start": 606.36,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "customers in some way",
    "start": 608.68,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "or disrupts your business in some way.",
    "start": 610.4,
    "duration": 5.04
  },
  {
    "text": "And it generally requires some human",
    "start": 613.16,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "intervention to do something about it.",
    "start": 615.44,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "Traditionally, when we think about",
    "start": 617.88,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "incidents, we think of them as a bad",
    "start": 619.24,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "thing. We must avoid the incidents. They",
    "start": 621.24,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "are bad. Let's just stop them from",
    "start": 623.96,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "happening, right?",
    "start": 626.12,
    "duration": 3.2
  },
  {
    "text": "And we've also traditionally had this",
    "start": 627.84,
    "duration": 2.92
  },
  {
    "text": "mindset that",
    "start": 629.32,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "if we just engineer our systems",
    "start": 630.76,
    "duration": 5.52
  },
  {
    "text": "perfectly, like just amazingly, they'll",
    "start": 633.8,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "be 100% reliable and we'll never have an",
    "start": 636.28,
    "duration": 3.4
  },
  {
    "text": "incident.",
    "start": 638.36,
    "duration": 2.6
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, it turns out that that's just",
    "start": 639.68,
    "duration": 2.72
  },
  {
    "text": "simply not true and becoming",
    "start": 640.96,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "increasingly less true as the systems",
    "start": 642.4,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "that we work with become more complex",
    "start": 644.96,
    "duration": 5.08
  },
  {
    "text": "and more distributed over time.",
    "start": 647.08,
    "duration": 4.84
  },
  {
    "text": "It turns out that incidents are a normal",
    "start": 650.04,
    "duration": 5.08
  },
  {
    "text": "part of running complex systems.",
    "start": 651.92,
    "duration": 5.6
  },
  {
    "text": "SRE embraces this and says incidents",
    "start": 655.12,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "will occur, but when they do, what can",
    "start": 657.52,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "we learn from them?",
    "start": 659.68,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "What can we learn and implement so that",
    "start": 661.44,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "we are more prepared for the future and",
    "start": 663.6,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "we handle incidents better or our",
    "start": 665.72,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "systems are more robust?",
    "start": 667.32,
    "duration": 3.24
  },
  {
    "text": "The thing about incidents is they're",
    "start": 669.36,
    "duration": 3.16
  },
  {
    "text": "often the time we learn the most about",
    "start": 670.56,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "our organizations because we're forced",
    "start": 672.52,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "to look at things we may have never",
    "start": 674.32,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "thought about looking at before. Uh",
    "start": 676.2,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "being exposed to different pathways",
    "start": 678.24,
    "duration": 3.12
  },
  {
    "text": "through your systems or behaviors you",
    "start": 679.96,
    "duration": 2.92
  },
  {
    "text": "didn't expect.",
    "start": 681.36,
    "duration": 3.56
  },
  {
    "text": "We learn not just about our technology,",
    "start": 682.88,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "but about how uh our different teams",
    "start": 684.92,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "actually interact with each other and",
    "start": 687.48,
    "duration": 3.12
  },
  {
    "text": "our processes.",
    "start": 689.16,
    "duration": 2.88
  },
  {
    "text": "So, that kind of attitude around",
    "start": 690.6,
    "duration": 3.16
  },
  {
    "text": "incidents, I think is an important part",
    "start": 692.04,
    "duration": 3.28
  },
  {
    "text": "of SRE.",
    "start": 693.76,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "Speaking about incidents is the concept",
    "start": 695.32,
    "duration": 6.04
  },
  {
    "text": "of a blameless postmortem.",
    "start": 698.12,
    "duration": 5.36
  },
  {
    "text": "What are they? They are a",
    "start": 701.36,
    "duration": 5.12
  },
  {
    "text": "formal way of learning from incidents.",
    "start": 703.48,
    "duration": 5.04
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, essentially, they are a written",
    "start": 706.48,
    "duration": 4.359
  },
  {
    "text": "record of an incident which covers",
    "start": 708.52,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "a timeline of different events that",
    "start": 710.839,
    "duration": 2.801
  },
  {
    "text": "occurred,",
    "start": 712.48,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "uh what happened, what was the impact,",
    "start": 713.64,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "but most importantly, what did we learn",
    "start": 716.68,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "from the incident? And what actions can",
    "start": 718.32,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "we take to be better tomorrow than we",
    "start": 720.56,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "were today around how we respond to",
    "start": 722.36,
    "duration": 5.8
  },
  {
    "text": "incidents or how robust our systems are.",
    "start": 725.12,
    "duration": 5.2
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, a blameless postmortem, you might",
    "start": 728.16,
    "duration": 4.44
  },
  {
    "text": "think sounds just like a post-incident",
    "start": 730.32,
    "duration": 4.92
  },
  {
    "text": "review or PIR from ITIL.",
    "start": 732.6,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, in a sense, they are both formal",
    "start": 735.24,
    "duration": 3.599
  },
  {
    "text": "ways to learn from incidents. I would",
    "start": 736.88,
    "duration": 4.32
  },
  {
    "text": "say a blameless postmortem is more",
    "start": 738.839,
    "duration": 3.881
  },
  {
    "text": "collaborative.",
    "start": 741.2,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "It has a a stronger focus on",
    "start": 742.72,
    "duration": 5.96
  },
  {
    "text": "psychological safety,",
    "start": 744.88,
    "duration": 7.08
  },
  {
    "text": "a strong important part of SRE.",
    "start": 748.68,
    "duration": 6.24
  },
  {
    "text": "And it also has a stronger focus on",
    "start": 751.96,
    "duration": 5.16
  },
  {
    "text": "learning in the broader sense from",
    "start": 754.92,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "incidents rather than trying to find the",
    "start": 757.12,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "root cause, which is another principle",
    "start": 758.88,
    "duration": 4.44
  },
  {
    "text": "or idea which is",
    "start": 761.8,
    "duration": 3.2
  },
  {
    "text": "dubious at best.",
    "start": 763.32,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "Blameless postmortems are one of the",
    "start": 765,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "things I've actually managed to get off",
    "start": 766.4,
    "duration": 3.4
  },
  {
    "text": "the ground in the first month or two of",
    "start": 768.08,
    "duration": 2.92
  },
  {
    "text": "Blue Current.",
    "start": 769.8,
    "duration": 2.76
  },
  {
    "text": "It's been",
    "start": 771,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "scary but rewarding to organize, first",
    "start": 772.56,
    "duration": 5.6
  },
  {
    "text": "of all, to get a written account and to",
    "start": 776.28,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "encourage people to contribute to it.",
    "start": 778.16,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "Started off with just me writing about",
    "start": 780.88,
    "duration": 3.24
  },
  {
    "text": "these things as I was sitting on the",
    "start": 782.88,
    "duration": 3.12
  },
  {
    "text": "incident calls and chats and and pulling",
    "start": 784.12,
    "duration": 3.52
  },
  {
    "text": "things together. Then other people",
    "start": 786,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "started contributing to it. And now, for",
    "start": 787.64,
    "duration": 4.199
  },
  {
    "text": "the the big important or tricky",
    "start": 790.24,
    "duration": 3.16
  },
  {
    "text": "incidents where there's the stuff to",
    "start": 791.839,
    "duration": 4.161
  },
  {
    "text": "talk about and learn from, pulling in",
    "start": 793.4,
    "duration": 4.64
  },
  {
    "text": "business and technology stakeholders to",
    "start": 796,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "come together and talk about it. It's",
    "start": 798.04,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "been really rewarding to hear, say, for",
    "start": 800.04,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "example, people from our business side",
    "start": 802.4,
    "duration": 5.6
  },
  {
    "text": "who were on these calls saying,",
    "start": 805.32,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "\"I didn't know that that's how our",
    "start": 808,
    "duration": 2.76
  },
  {
    "text": "technology worked before.\" You know,",
    "start": 809.08,
    "duration": 3.28
  },
  {
    "text": "that that is the point. That is amazing",
    "start": 810.76,
    "duration": 2.76
  },
  {
    "text": "and that's the kind of thing that I'm",
    "start": 812.36,
    "duration": 2.8
  },
  {
    "text": "trying to bring to life, to build a a",
    "start": 813.52,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "better understanding and connection",
    "start": 815.16,
    "duration": 3.32
  },
  {
    "text": "between everyone.",
    "start": 816.6,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "SLOs stand for service level objectives",
    "start": 818.48,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "and it is just an enormous topic and I",
    "start": 820.96,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "genuinely can't do it even remote",
    "start": 823.24,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "justice in this short talk that I'm",
    "start": 825.32,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "doing today.",
    "start": 827.44,
    "duration": 2.56
  },
  {
    "text": "But I'm going to try and give the",
    "start": 829,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "essence of what they're about.",
    "start": 830,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, traditionally,",
    "start": 832.04,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "when we set up our monitoring and",
    "start": 833.8,
    "duration": 3.24
  },
  {
    "text": "alerting, we set that up around",
    "start": 835.08,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "technical signals.",
    "start": 837.04,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "Things like CPU usage or garbage",
    "start": 838.76,
    "duration": 5.2
  },
  {
    "text": "collection, memory, network, disk, uh",
    "start": 841.56,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "queue lengths, connection or thread",
    "start": 843.96,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "pools, those kinds of things, right?",
    "start": 846.08,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "And we set up our alerting based on",
    "start": 848.64,
    "duration": 3.16
  },
  {
    "text": "thresholds.",
    "start": 850.36,
    "duration": 4.719
  },
  {
    "text": "For example, if CPU exceeds 80% for more",
    "start": 851.8,
    "duration": 5.64
  },
  {
    "text": "than 5 minutes, fire an alert to someone",
    "start": 855.079,
    "duration": 3.841
  },
  {
    "text": "to have a look at it. That kind of",
    "start": 857.44,
    "duration": 2.48
  },
  {
    "text": "thing.",
    "start": 858.92,
    "duration": 3.159
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, that kind of that sounds sensible",
    "start": 859.92,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "and if you've got a a simple system,",
    "start": 862.079,
    "duration": 4.841
  },
  {
    "text": "it kind of works, right? But there's a",
    "start": 864.52,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "couple of major challenges with this.",
    "start": 866.92,
    "duration": 5.76
  },
  {
    "text": "The first one is alert noise, where you",
    "start": 869.8,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "just get overwhelmed with alerts",
    "start": 872.68,
    "duration": 3.56
  },
  {
    "text": "smashing you every day which aren't",
    "start": 874.4,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "necessarily things you need to act on.",
    "start": 876.24,
    "duration": 5.24
  },
  {
    "text": "So, you think about any non-trivial",
    "start": 878.88,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "organization, how many different",
    "start": 881.48,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "software systems does it have? And then",
    "start": 883.36,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "how many different resources does that",
    "start": 885.4,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "hardware and software resources do those",
    "start": 887.16,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "technology systems have? You're talking",
    "start": 889.32,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "about thousands, hundreds of thousands,",
    "start": 891.32,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "millions, more than millions of",
    "start": 893.28,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "different resources all with these",
    "start": 896.04,
    "duration": 3.48
  },
  {
    "text": "alerts set up potentially just flooding",
    "start": 897.56,
    "duration": 4.32
  },
  {
    "text": "your engineers with alerts.",
    "start": 899.52,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "That's the first problem.",
    "start": 901.88,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "The second problem is just because a",
    "start": 903.56,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "technical signal looks bad, doesn't",
    "start": 905.24,
    "duration": 5.719
  },
  {
    "text": "necessarily mean that your business",
    "start": 907.56,
    "duration": 5.8
  },
  {
    "text": "is disrupted in any way or the customers",
    "start": 910.959,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "are even having a problem.",
    "start": 913.36,
    "duration": 3.24
  },
  {
    "text": "It is entirely possible to have a",
    "start": 915.079,
    "duration": 3.441
  },
  {
    "text": "situation where, say, you've got a",
    "start": 916.6,
    "duration": 5.04
  },
  {
    "text": "simple system, that CPU on a particular",
    "start": 918.52,
    "duration": 4.96
  },
  {
    "text": "web or application server is running at",
    "start": 921.64,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "100% all day",
    "start": 923.48,
    "duration": 4.08
  },
  {
    "text": "and yet your customers don't notice",
    "start": 925.6,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "anything. They can do whatever they need",
    "start": 927.56,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "to do. Um their experience is still",
    "start": 929.24,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "great and your business is not suffering",
    "start": 931.44,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "in any way.",
    "start": 933.48,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "It is equally likely that you have, say,",
    "start": 935.24,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "your beautiful dashboard where you're",
    "start": 937.4,
    "duration": 2.92
  },
  {
    "text": "tracking hundreds of different technical",
    "start": 938.88,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "signals and they are all green and yet",
    "start": 940.32,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "your customers can't consume your",
    "start": 942.92,
    "duration": 3.4
  },
  {
    "text": "services.",
    "start": 944.16,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "So, technical signals are not a great",
    "start": 946.32,
    "duration": 3.519
  },
  {
    "text": "way of actually understanding if there's",
    "start": 948.4,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "a thing that you need to respond to, if",
    "start": 949.839,
    "duration": 4.801
  },
  {
    "text": "there's a genuine incident or issue that",
    "start": 952.52,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "you need to address.",
    "start": 954.64,
    "duration": 4.8
  },
  {
    "text": "I think SLOs are the answer to that",
    "start": 956.64,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "solution.",
    "start": 959.44,
    "duration": 3.2
  },
  {
    "text": "So, we still collect technical signals",
    "start": 960.6,
    "duration": 3.28
  },
  {
    "text": "all the time. We collect all the data",
    "start": 962.64,
    "duration": 3.16
  },
  {
    "text": "because we may need it and it will help",
    "start": 963.88,
    "duration": 4.44
  },
  {
    "text": "us diagnose and resolve issues",
    "start": 965.8,
    "duration": 4.039
  },
  {
    "text": "potentially, right?",
    "start": 968.32,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "But in terms of alerting,",
    "start": 969.839,
    "duration": 3.561
  },
  {
    "text": "you forget about all those technical",
    "start": 972.04,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "signals and instead set up your alerting",
    "start": 973.4,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "based on answering one question",
    "start": 976.92,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "continuously.",
    "start": 978.68,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "Can my customer effectively consume my",
    "start": 980.68,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "service?",
    "start": 983.24,
    "duration": 2.839
  },
  {
    "text": "And if the answer is yes, then you don't",
    "start": 984.4,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "need to immediately jump on and do",
    "start": 986.079,
    "duration": 3.801
  },
  {
    "text": "anything. And if the answer is no, then",
    "start": 987.48,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "you need to do something because you are",
    "start": 989.88,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "very confident that your customer is",
    "start": 991.6,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "being impacted by something that needs",
    "start": 993.52,
    "duration": 3.48
  },
  {
    "text": "to be addressed.",
    "start": 995.52,
    "duration": 3.12
  },
  {
    "text": "Now, that's about all I can do in this",
    "start": 997,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "tiny little uh two or three minute talk",
    "start": 998.64,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "about SLOs. I haven't even described",
    "start": 1001.48,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "what they are really, but just to finish",
    "start": 1003,
    "duration": 5.16
  },
  {
    "text": "off, SLOs are like an internal objective",
    "start": 1005.12,
    "duration": 6.52
  },
  {
    "text": "that you set around how reliable you",
    "start": 1008.16,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "want your services to be for your",
    "start": 1011.64,
    "duration": 2.6
  },
  {
    "text": "customer.",
    "start": 1012.88,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "You might hear of the term SLI or",
    "start": 1014.24,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "service level indicator. Those are the",
    "start": 1015.92,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "signals that we use to track whether",
    "start": 1017.92,
    "duration": 3.6
  },
  {
    "text": "we're meeting those service level",
    "start": 1019.92,
    "duration": 2.96
  },
  {
    "text": "objectives.",
    "start": 1021.52,
    "duration": 2.72
  },
  {
    "text": "And you might hear the term error",
    "start": 1022.88,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "budget. So, let's say that you want you",
    "start": 1024.24,
    "duration": 5.88
  },
  {
    "text": "say, \"We want the service to be 99.9%",
    "start": 1027.4,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "available.\"",
    "start": 1030.12,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "That leaves you just under 9 hours a",
    "start": 1031.24,
    "duration": 5.12
  },
  {
    "text": "year in your error budget, which is time",
    "start": 1033.16,
    "duration": 5.32
  },
  {
    "text": "that you have technically said it's okay",
    "start": 1036.36,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "to be down that much each year.",
    "start": 1038.48,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "So, if you get towards the end of the",
    "start": 1040.48,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "year or quarter or however you you",
    "start": 1041.56,
    "duration": 4.279
  },
  {
    "text": "measure it and you have had no downtime",
    "start": 1043.56,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "or very little downtime,",
    "start": 1045.839,
    "duration": 3.041
  },
  {
    "text": "you've got this error budget that you",
    "start": 1047.36,
    "duration": 4.4
  },
  {
    "text": "can use to run riskier experiments which",
    "start": 1048.88,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "might have a really big payoff.",
    "start": 1051.76,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "So, you can use your SLOs and your error",
    "start": 1053.76,
    "duration": 6.24
  },
  {
    "text": "budgets to drive innovation by being",
    "start": 1056.32,
    "duration": 5.6
  },
  {
    "text": "able to to run these experiments which",
    "start": 1060,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "you might otherwise not have felt safe",
    "start": 1061.92,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "to do.",
    "start": 1063.8,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "All right, observability, I'm not sure",
    "start": 1065.64,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "if it's even technically part of SRE,",
    "start": 1067.16,
    "duration": 3.28
  },
  {
    "text": "but it's just so intertwined as I see it",
    "start": 1068.72,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "that I needed to talk about it.",
    "start": 1070.44,
    "duration": 3.52
  },
  {
    "text": "The technical definition is, and I'm",
    "start": 1072.48,
    "duration": 2.8
  },
  {
    "text": "going to say this wrong, it's something",
    "start": 1073.96,
    "duration": 3.56
  },
  {
    "text": "about being able to understand the inner",
    "start": 1075.28,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "workings of a system by observing its",
    "start": 1077.52,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "inputs and outputs. Something like that.",
    "start": 1079.52,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "That's I've got it wrong.",
    "start": 1081.76,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "I think the key thing to remember is",
    "start": 1083.8,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "that observability is a quality of a",
    "start": 1085.48,
    "duration": 4.44
  },
  {
    "text": "system. It's not a thing that you do.",
    "start": 1087.56,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "It's a thing that you can achieve.",
    "start": 1089.92,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "When we have observability, we have",
    "start": 1092.04,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "insight into what is happening within",
    "start": 1094.16,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "our systems so that we can understand",
    "start": 1096,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "what's going on and not only understand,",
    "start": 1098,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "but be able to more readily resolve",
    "start": 1100.56,
    "duration": 4.44
  },
  {
    "text": "issues or incidents or to improve our",
    "start": 1102.56,
    "duration": 4.8
  },
  {
    "text": "system because we understand it better.",
    "start": 1105,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "When we have observability, we have that",
    "start": 1107.36,
    "duration": 4.799
  },
  {
    "text": "insight. Service level objectives, SLOs,",
    "start": 1109.24,
    "duration": 4.64
  },
  {
    "text": "answer the first most important",
    "start": 1112.159,
    "duration": 4.361
  },
  {
    "text": "question, which is is there a problem",
    "start": 1113.88,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "that I need to respond to? Are my",
    "start": 1116.52,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "customers able to effectively consume my",
    "start": 1118.56,
    "duration": 3.2
  },
  {
    "text": "services?",
    "start": 1120.36,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "Observability answers the next question,",
    "start": 1121.76,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "which is if there is a problem, what's",
    "start": 1124.12,
    "duration": 4.84
  },
  {
    "text": "going on? What do I need to do? What do",
    "start": 1126.52,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "I need to look at?",
    "start": 1128.96,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "When we have that look, that view under",
    "start": 1130.36,
    "duration": 3.16
  },
  {
    "text": "the cover,",
    "start": 1132.32,
    "duration": 3.28
  },
  {
    "text": "we have a better understanding of how",
    "start": 1133.52,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "our increasingly complex and distributed",
    "start": 1135.6,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "systems actually work. And sometimes",
    "start": 1138,
    "duration": 4.08
  },
  {
    "text": "they work in ways we never would have",
    "start": 1140.48,
    "duration": 3.12
  },
  {
    "text": "expected before.",
    "start": 1142.08,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "It empowers more people to be able to,",
    "start": 1143.6,
    "duration": 4.96
  },
  {
    "text": "for example, handle incidents because it",
    "start": 1146.56,
    "duration": 4.08
  },
  {
    "text": "no longer depends on an engineer who's",
    "start": 1148.56,
    "duration": 4.119
  },
  {
    "text": "been in an org for 20 years and has all",
    "start": 1150.64,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "the context about everything going on.",
    "start": 1152.679,
    "duration": 4.081
  },
  {
    "text": "Because when you have observability,",
    "start": 1155,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "everyone can see quite clearly exactly",
    "start": 1156.76,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "what's going on and where the problem is",
    "start": 1158.84,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "located.",
    "start": 1161.24,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "It allows you to respond to incidents,",
    "start": 1162.8,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "investigate them, and remediate them",
    "start": 1165.8,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "much, much faster because you've got",
    "start": 1167.8,
    "duration": 3.6
  },
  {
    "text": "clear data which shows you exactly",
    "start": 1169.76,
    "duration": 3.6
  },
  {
    "text": "what's going on. There's no more",
    "start": 1171.4,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "guesswork involved.",
    "start": 1173.36,
    "duration": 3.4
  },
  {
    "text": "And um this is a terrible diagram if",
    "start": 1175.2,
    "duration": 2.8
  },
  {
    "text": "you're watching the YouTube video. It's",
    "start": 1176.76,
    "duration": 3
  },
  {
    "text": "the only sort of supporting visual here,",
    "start": 1178,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "but it's just a a diagram trying to show",
    "start": 1179.76,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "distributed tracing, which I think is",
    "start": 1182.28,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "the quintessential technique for",
    "start": 1184.32,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "achieving observability.",
    "start": 1186.48,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "The idea being that you've got a",
    "start": 1188.2,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "customer somewhere and they click a",
    "start": 1191.04,
    "duration": 4.68
  },
  {
    "text": "button to do something, you're able to",
    "start": 1192.48,
    "duration": 5.68
  },
  {
    "text": "trace that flow of requests throughout",
    "start": 1195.72,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "your system and see exactly what's",
    "start": 1198.16,
    "duration": 4.4
  },
  {
    "text": "triggered and when, how long it took,",
    "start": 1200.32,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "what errors occurred,",
    "start": 1202.56,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "and any other useful metadata that might",
    "start": 1204.32,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "help us understand exactly what's",
    "start": 1206.32,
    "duration": 5.68
  },
  {
    "text": "happening in a really visual way.",
    "start": 1208.08,
    "duration": 7.48
  },
  {
    "text": "Toil is manual, repetitive, tedious",
    "start": 1212,
    "duration": 7.48
  },
  {
    "text": "work, and operations is rife with toil.",
    "start": 1215.56,
    "duration": 6.16
  },
  {
    "text": "Think about you copying and pasting from",
    "start": 1219.48,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "one file to another or running commands",
    "start": 1221.72,
    "duration": 5.04
  },
  {
    "text": "and doing a bunch of forms to make a",
    "start": 1224.24,
    "duration": 4
  },
  {
    "text": "thing happen.",
    "start": 1226.76,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "Toil is bad because it costs a lot of",
    "start": 1228.24,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "money. You often got these very senior",
    "start": 1230.64,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "engineers who are clicking through and",
    "start": 1232.72,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "doing this manual tedious stuff. That's",
    "start": 1234.32,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "expensive,",
    "start": 1236.88,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "but even more so is the opportunity",
    "start": 1238.16,
    "duration": 2.84
  },
  {
    "text": "cost.",
    "start": 1239.92,
    "duration": 2.2
  },
  {
    "text": "You could be getting those senior",
    "start": 1241,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "engineers to be working on engineering",
    "start": 1242.12,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "work, which is going to bring you",
    "start": 1244.64,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "forward, make your services more",
    "start": 1246.04,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "reliable, help you scale your",
    "start": 1247.72,
    "duration": 3.28
  },
  {
    "text": "organization, or even improve your",
    "start": 1249.4,
    "duration": 2.92
  },
  {
    "text": "products.",
    "start": 1251,
    "duration": 2.8
  },
  {
    "text": "When you have a high amount of toil,",
    "start": 1252.32,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "your organization isn't able to scale",
    "start": 1253.8,
    "duration": 5.4
  },
  {
    "text": "because as you increase the complexity",
    "start": 1256.44,
    "duration": 4.32
  },
  {
    "text": "of your services or and add new",
    "start": 1259.2,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "services, and as you scale up the volume",
    "start": 1260.76,
    "duration": 5.76
  },
  {
    "text": "of activity in the business happening,",
    "start": 1263.72,
    "duration": 4.32
  },
  {
    "text": "if you're dependent on toil to support",
    "start": 1266.52,
    "duration": 3.12
  },
  {
    "text": "that, you're going to have to hire more",
    "start": 1268.04,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "and more and more people and then have",
    "start": 1269.64,
    "duration": 3.44
  },
  {
    "text": "more and more complexity to try and and",
    "start": 1271.08,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "coordinate all those people, and that's",
    "start": 1273.08,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "not effective.",
    "start": 1275.04,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "And toil also leads to potentially",
    "start": 1276.88,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "unhappy engineers. It's not necessarily",
    "start": 1278.72,
    "duration": 4.32
  },
  {
    "text": "satisfying work. It's not helping",
    "start": 1281,
    "duration": 5.48
  },
  {
    "text": "engineers learn and improve and grow.",
    "start": 1283.04,
    "duration": 7.12
  },
  {
    "text": "So, automating and simplifying our",
    "start": 1286.48,
    "duration": 5.36
  },
  {
    "text": "processes and ways of working in our",
    "start": 1290.16,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "technology, uh removing unnecessary or",
    "start": 1291.84,
    "duration": 5.28
  },
  {
    "text": "waste wasteful processes and things",
    "start": 1294.44,
    "duration": 5.76
  },
  {
    "text": "happening in our systems is a core part",
    "start": 1297.12,
    "duration": 4.96
  },
  {
    "text": "of SRE,",
    "start": 1300.2,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "and it helps not only to",
    "start": 1302.08,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "uh operate our systems simpler and more",
    "start": 1304.16,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "effectively and help us scale, it helps",
    "start": 1305.72,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "with staff retention as well because at",
    "start": 1308.08,
    "duration": 3.08
  },
  {
    "text": "least they're happier engineers and more",
    "start": 1309.48,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "satisfying jobs.",
    "start": 1311.16,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "So, that's my super fast introduction to",
    "start": 1313.6,
    "duration": 5.16
  },
  {
    "text": "SRE and observability. If you want to",
    "start": 1315.92,
    "duration": 6.28
  },
  {
    "text": "learn more, there are a ton of books by",
    "start": 1318.76,
    "duration": 5.8
  },
  {
    "text": "Google uh that I know the first three",
    "start": 1322.2,
    "duration": 5.12
  },
  {
    "text": "here are completely free online if you",
    "start": 1324.56,
    "duration": 3.96
  },
  {
    "text": "want to read them. There's nothing",
    "start": 1327.32,
    "duration": 2.76
  },
  {
    "text": "stopping you going and learning from",
    "start": 1328.52,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "them. I'm going to be honest, I've only",
    "start": 1330.08,
    "duration": 4.72
  },
  {
    "text": "read the first book cover to cover. Uh I",
    "start": 1332.2,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "should probably read them some more,",
    "start": 1334.8,
    "duration": 2.4
  },
  {
    "text": "especially now that I've got this new",
    "start": 1336,
    "duration": 2.28
  },
  {
    "text": "role.",
    "start": 1337.2,
    "duration": 2.92
  },
  {
    "text": "I think you need to purchase Enterprise",
    "start": 1338.28,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "Road Map to um to SRE, but that's",
    "start": 1340.12,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "something I am looking through this",
    "start": 1341.96,
    "duration": 2.96
  },
  {
    "text": "year.",
    "start": 1343.76,
    "duration": 3.48
  },
  {
    "text": "There are podcasts. There's this podcast",
    "start": 1344.92,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "here, uh but this I have a particular",
    "start": 1347.24,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "style. It's not particularly technical.",
    "start": 1349.52,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "It's more about the human side of SRE",
    "start": 1351.28,
    "duration": 3.92
  },
  {
    "text": "and the ideas,",
    "start": 1353.56,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "but there's other podcasts including",
    "start": 1355.2,
    "duration": 5.64
  },
  {
    "text": "Google's own Google SRE podcast. Nice",
    "start": 1357.24,
    "duration": 5.439
  },
  {
    "text": "play on words there.",
    "start": 1360.84,
    "duration": 2.839
  },
  {
    "text": "But one of the ways that I've learned",
    "start": 1362.679,
    "duration": 3.961
  },
  {
    "text": "the most about SRE is just by connecting",
    "start": 1363.679,
    "duration": 4.801
  },
  {
    "text": "and following with experts around the",
    "start": 1366.64,
    "duration": 3.24
  },
  {
    "text": "world. So,",
    "start": 1368.48,
    "duration": 3.68
  },
  {
    "text": "Niall Murphy was one of the co-authors",
    "start": 1369.88,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "of the original SRE book when he was at",
    "start": 1372.16,
    "duration": 3.24
  },
  {
    "text": "Google. And then you've got",
    "start": 1373.92,
    "duration": 3.28
  },
  {
    "text": "practitioners like Sebastian and",
    "start": 1375.4,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "Collette and Amin as well. I I like the",
    "start": 1377.2,
    "duration": 5.12
  },
  {
    "text": "way that they think about the work and",
    "start": 1379.76,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "and the sort of very practical way that",
    "start": 1382.32,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "they approach it, and I've interacted",
    "start": 1383.96,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "with them. They've helped me with my",
    "start": 1386.84,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "thinking. And uh Collette is a co-host",
    "start": 1388.24,
    "duration": 4.88
  },
  {
    "text": "of another podcast called This is Fine",
    "start": 1390.64,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "about resilience engineering, which is a",
    "start": 1393.12,
    "duration": 4.28
  },
  {
    "text": "ton of useful thinking that can help",
    "start": 1395.2,
    "duration": 4.52
  },
  {
    "text": "with SRE work. So, I recommend checking",
    "start": 1397.4,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "that out.",
    "start": 1399.72,
    "duration": 3.84
  },
  {
    "text": "So, that was my super fast introduction",
    "start": 1401.56,
    "duration": 4.24
  },
  {
    "text": "to SRE and observability. I do want to",
    "start": 1403.56,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "say",
    "start": 1405.8,
    "duration": 4.36
  },
  {
    "text": "in my new role, I am incredibly excited",
    "start": 1406.92,
    "duration": 6
  },
  {
    "text": "about genuinely implementing SRE",
    "start": 1410.16,
    "duration": 5
  },
  {
    "text": "practices from scratch. I'm actually",
    "start": 1412.92,
    "duration": 3.6
  },
  {
    "text": "getting to do it.",
    "start": 1415.16,
    "duration": 4.08
  },
  {
    "text": "It's very exciting and I'm facing some",
    "start": 1416.52,
    "duration": 4.48
  },
  {
    "text": "interesting challenges.",
    "start": 1419.24,
    "duration": 3.8
  },
  {
    "text": "So, I'm planning on doing quite a few",
    "start": 1421,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "more solo episodes this year to explore",
    "start": 1423.04,
    "duration": 5.16
  },
  {
    "text": "these different questions and how we",
    "start": 1425.12,
    "duration": 5.52
  },
  {
    "text": "might bring SRE",
    "start": 1428.2,
    "duration": 4.64
  },
  {
    "text": "and some technology leadership ideas to",
    "start": 1430.64,
    "duration": 4.44
  },
  {
    "text": "life as well.",
    "start": 1432.84,
    "duration": 3.4
  },
  {
    "text": "Another thing I wanted to mention is",
    "start": 1435.08,
    "duration": 2.4
  },
  {
    "text": "that for the first time in a while, I",
    "start": 1436.24,
    "duration": 3.36
  },
  {
    "text": "don't have a large backlog of guests for",
    "start": 1437.48,
    "duration": 3.72
  },
  {
    "text": "the show. I've got one interview",
    "start": 1439.6,
    "duration": 4.12
  },
  {
    "text": "recorded and one guest I'm thinking of",
    "start": 1441.2,
    "duration": 3.88
  },
  {
    "text": "approaching,",
    "start": 1443.72,
    "duration": 2.88
  },
  {
    "text": "but if you are working in the realm of",
    "start": 1445.08,
    "duration": 3.76
  },
  {
    "text": "SRE, particularly if you are",
    "start": 1446.6,
    "duration": 4.6
  },
  {
    "text": "implementing it on the front line,",
    "start": 1448.84,
    "duration": 3.64
  },
  {
    "text": "I'd love to hear from you if you'd love",
    "start": 1451.2,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "to come on the show. So, just reach out",
    "start": 1452.48,
    "duration": 4.04
  },
  {
    "text": "to me on LinkedIn",
    "start": 1454.24,
    "duration": 5.88
  },
  {
    "text": "or Instagram or wherever you follow me.",
    "start": 1456.52,
    "duration": 4.76
  },
  {
    "text": "Keeping in mind that this is a show",
    "start": 1460.12,
    "duration": 3.28
  },
  {
    "text": "about human beings and how they grapple",
    "start": 1461.28,
    "duration": 4.2
  },
  {
    "text": "with this world of SRE, rather than just",
    "start": 1463.4,
    "duration": 4.16
  },
  {
    "text": "technical details or particular tools or",
    "start": 1465.48,
    "duration": 4.56
  },
  {
    "text": "products. That's not what it's about.",
    "start": 1467.56,
    "duration": 3.52
  },
  {
    "text": "So, if that sounds like something you'd",
    "start": 1470.04,
    "duration": 2.48
  },
  {
    "text": "love to do,",
    "start": 1471.08,
    "duration": 2.92
  },
  {
    "text": "reach out to me.",
    "start": 1472.52,
    "duration": 2.68
  },
  {
    "text": "But otherwise, I hope you enjoyed this",
    "start": 1474,
    "duration": 3
  },
  {
    "text": "episode and I hope you have a wonderful",
    "start": 1475.2,
    "duration": 3.04
  },
  {
    "text": "fortnight.",
    "start": 1477,
    "duration": 2.88
  },
  {
    "text": "I'll see you again",
    "start": 1478.24,
    "duration": 4.042
  },
  {
    "text": "next time.",
    "start": 1479.88,
    "duration": 4.422
  },
  {
    "text": ">> [music]",
    "start": 1482.282,
    "duration": 2.02
  },
  {
    "text": "[music]",
    "start": 1490.142,
    "duration": 2.02
  },
  {
    "text": "[music]",
    "start": 1496.037,
    "duration": 2.02
  },
  {
    "text": "[music]",
    "start": 1501.277,
    "duration": 2.02
  }
]