---
title: "Narrative Theory"
type: concept
tags: []
sources: []
last_updated: 2026-04-30
---

## Aliases
- Narratology
- 叙事学
- Narrative Studies

## Overview
Narrative Theory（叙事学）是研究叙事的结构、机制、功能和认知的跨学科学术领域。起源于 Russian Formalism（俄罗斯形式主义），经 French Structuralism（法国结构主义）发展，在 Cognitive Narratology（认知叙事学）时代达到现代高峰。

## Major Schools & Figures

| School | Key Figure | Core Idea |
|--------|-----------|-----------|
| Russian Formalism | Shklovsky, Propp | Fabula/Sjuzhet, Defamiliarization |
| French Structuralism | Barthes, Genette, Todorov | Narrative as language system |
| Cognitive Narratology | Herman, Fludarnik | Mental models, situation models |
| Post-Classical | Various | Contextual, cultural, ideological |

## Key Distinctions
- **Fabula vs. Sjuzhet**：事件序列（what happened）vs. 叙事呈现（how it is told）
- **Story vs. Discourse**：同 Fabula/Sjuzhet
- **Narrative Voice vs. Focalization**：谁在讲 vs. 谁在看
- **Anachrony**：Analeptic（倒叙）/Proleptic（预叙）

## In The Agency Context
[[Academic Narratologist]] 的核心知识基础，综合运用以上所有框架为叙事问题提供精确诊断。