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<title>BP is to blame for Deepwater Horizon, but its mistake was actually years of small mistakes.</title>
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<a class="strapline__text" href="https://slate.com/culture/2026/09/nathan-fielder-elizabeth-holmes-movie-trailer-release.html">
Bringing the Best and Worst of Humanity Into Searing Focus
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<h1 itemprop="headline" class="article__hed article__hed--" >Blame BP for Deepwater Horizon. But Direct Your Outrage to the Actual Mistake.</h1>
<h2 itemprop="alternativeHeadline"
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>It was years of cutting corners, not one careless mistake, that caused the explosion.</h2>
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<a itemprop="name" href="/author/james-b-meigs">James B. Meigs</a>
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<span>Sept 30, 2016</span><span>6:04 PM</span>
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<span class="image__caption">Boats battle a fire at the Deepwater Horizon rig on April 21, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico.</span>
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>About 40 minutes into the new movie <em><a href="http://www.deepwaterhorizon.movie/">Deepwater Horizon</a></em>, there is a scene in which crew member Jimmy Harrell is suddenly called into the dining area on the floating drilling platform of the same name. “Mr. Jimmy,” played by Kurt Russell, was the offshore installation manager (essentially the crew boss) on the vessel, and he’d been summoned to receive a special award for the rig’s excellent safety record. Like most of the scenes in the movie, this one is <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/us/26spill.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">closely based on actual events the night of April 20, 2010</a>, when the actual Deepwater Horizon was destroyed by an uncontrolled eruption of oil and gas. The explosion killed 11 crew members and set off the worst oil spill in U.S. history.</p>
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>In fact, the Deepwater rig had gone an extraordinary seven years without a single accident serious enough to halt operations. The rig, owned by the Switzerland-based Transocean Ltd., and its veteran crew were some of the best in the business. (BP, the world’s <a href="http://www.forbes.com/2010/07/09/worlds-biggest-oil-companies-business-energy-big-oil_slide_7.html">sixth largest oil company at the time</a>, was leasing the rig, a bit the way a rich sportsman might a charter fishing boat and crew.) Just months earlier, BP and the Deepwater team had broken the record for deepest well ever completed. Yet, even as Harrell was being handed his award, high-pressure oil and gas were threatening to surge up the pipe from the sea floor. Despite all their experience and advanced technology, the crew members didn’t spot the signs of trouble and, once the blowout started, didn’t act quickly enough to contain it or save the rig.</p>
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>Like all Hollywood versions of actual events, <a href="https://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2016/09/deepwater_horizon_starring_mark_wahlberg_reviewed.html"><em>Deepwater Horizon</em></a> takes a few liberties with the facts. But that scene accurately captures the central paradox of most large man-made disasters: How could such well-trained experts make decisions that, in retrospect, appear so deeply flawed? Why didn’t they see the disaster coming or stop it in time? The film paints a gripping picture of a technological catastrophe, and it showcases some genuine heroism on the part of several crew members. But to answer the question of how the disaster happened in the first place, we need to dig a little deeper.</p>
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>The Dutch pilot-psychologist <a href="http://sidneydekker.com/">Sidney Dekker</a>, one of the pioneers in studying large technological breakdowns, has written that the true cause of most disasters is not so much the initial accident “but the failure to identify the accident early in its birth.” The blowout of BP’s Macondo Prospect well was a case study in how a series of small mistakes and misjudgments, when not caught in time, can snowball into catastrophe.</p>
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>The movie places the blame squarely on the BP executives who helped direct the drilling operations. John Malkovich, playing Don Vidrine, BP’s “company man” on the rig, fairly drips malice as he pushes the crew to cut corners. In a gumbo-thick Louisiana drawl, he berates the Transocean men for being “nervous as cats.” The reality is more complex: BP <a href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a6065/how-the-bp-oil-rig-blowout-happened/">consistently made</a> some decisions that favored speed over safety, and the company had a reputation for being particularly hard-driving. But the Transocean crew was also involved in the <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/nation-now/2016/09/21/deepwater-horizon-movie-fact-vs-fiction/90813762/">dubious decision-making</a>. And the federal regulators who supervised drilling in the Gulf of Mexico <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704490204575278952784008676">signed off on their plans at every stage</a>.</p>
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>The reality is that both BP and Transocean had grown dangerously overconfident and were pushing too close to the edge. Perhaps overly impressed by the team’s good safety record, federal regulators routinely rubber-stamped the BP/Transocean proposals. Moreover, despite claims to the contrary, none of the drilling companies in the Gulf had a workable scheme to cope with a massive oil spill. The entire industry had succumbed to risk creep: Over the decades, drillers gradually moved into deeper waters and sunk wells that involved much greater internal pressures and hazards. The technologies and regulations originally developed for shallow waters were updated in response, but not to a degree commensurate with the growing risks. So, even as drillers were getting more proficient, disaster was becoming more, not less, likely.</p>
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>The Transocean crew, the BP executives, the federal regulators—none of these were stupid people. BP may have had incentives to push its drilling teams hard, but even the greediest executive knows there’s no upside to a catastrophe that kills people, causes massive ecological damage, and costs the company tens of billions of dollars. Malkovich’s scenery chewing notwithstanding, BP’s company man Vidrine certainly didn’t expect that his decisions that day would lead to him to be nearly incinerated by midnight. There has to be a better explanation for why intelligent people sometimes make such terrible decisions.</p>
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>And there is. After the loss of the space shuttle <em>Challenger</em> in 1986, sociologist Diane Vaughan began a long investigation into the accident. Her findings would challenge many of our easy assumptions about how disasters occur. We like to think that accidents happen because bad people knowingly and carelessly let them happen. Vaughan discovered something more troubling: that even organizations staffed by smart, seemingly moral people can slowly slide into dangerous and unethical behavior.</p>
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<p
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>Vaughan, an expert in corporate malfeasance, wanted to know how NASA officials made the decision to launch the<strong> </strong><em>Challenger</em> despite a serious last-minute safety concern. Very cold weather was forecast for launch day, and some engineers worried that the low temperatures might worsen a long-standing problem: The shuttle’s solid-fuel booster rockets had a tendency to leak small jets of hot gas during takeoff. The engineers urged a delay. NASA decided to launch anyway. The standard view of the accident holds that NASA brass overruled the nervous engineers out of concerns that allowing yet another launch delay would hurt NASA’s image with the public and Congress. From this view, the managers knowingly rolled the dice, bending the safety rules in order to stay on schedule.</p>
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>Vaughan spent nine years researching the question and determined just the opposite. In her monumental book, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/0226851761/?tag=slatmaga-20"><em>The Challenger Launch Decision</em></a>, Vaughan demonstrates that NASA officials rigorously followed their own safety guidelines.</p>
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<p
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>“Managers were, in fact, quite moral and rule abiding as they calculated risk,” she writes. And yet they were flat wrong. “Following rules, doing their jobs,” she concludes, “they made a disastrous decision.” The managers weren’t “amoral calculators,” Vaughan says. Instead, they were fundamentally deluded about the risks posed by the leaky boosters. What’s more, over the years they had <em>systematically</em> deluded themselves, through a process she calls the “normalization of deviance.”</p>
<p
class="slate-paragraph slate-graf"
data-word-count="193"
data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cq-article-7c2f3c421b6518a4420d71295be7ca6c-component-12@published"
>Here’s how the normalization of deviance works: Early in the shuttle program, the appearance of small leaks from the booster rockets’ rubber seals was an unexpected and alarming event. NASA assigned a working group, which dutifully studied the issue and determined the leaks would be manageable as long as they didn’t exceed a certain threshold. “They redefined evidence that deviated from an acceptable standard so that it <em>became</em> the standard,” Vaughan writes. Sure enough, small booster-seal leaks were soon seen as routine during shuttle launches. The problem had been normalized. But as shuttle missions continued, the leaks kept getting bigger. Each time, NASA repeated the process, again determining that the seal failures were acceptable as long as it didn’t exceed certain, ever higher, thresholds. NASA had crept right to the edge of what would cause a mission failure, all the while convinced that it was operating safely. The fact that the shuttles kept flying reinforced its false sense of security. Then came something NASA hadn’t anticipated: a launch day so cold that it made the rubber seals hard and brittle. The huge resulting leak burned a hole in the shuttle’s external fuel tank.</p>
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<p
class="slate-paragraph slate-graf"
data-word-count="150"
data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cq-article-7c2f3c421b6518a4420d71295be7ca6c-component-13@published"
>Vaughan’s normalization of deviance theory had a big influence on the growing branch of management studies dedicated to preventing disasters. Business and engineering schools started teaching the concept. (Vaughan herself now teaches at Columbia University.) Vaughan and other researchers argue that most high-risk industries are prone to normalizing deviance. We’ve all seen this, even in businesses that don’t involve life-and-death decisions: Managers focus on positive data about their operations and tune out small signs of trouble, safety margins get shaved in the name of efficiency, and small deviations from procedural rules are tolerated. But disaster researchers have also developed strategies to help counteract the tendency: tools to help managers be more aware of “weak signals” hinting at trouble, for example, and policies that empower whistleblowers. Companies that follow these and related safety strategies are known as <a href="http://high-reliability.org/Weick-Sutcliffe">high-reliability organizations</a>—a concept with which BP and Transocean executives should have been deeply familiar.</p>
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<p
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>But the evidence shows that the Deepwater Horizon rig was anything but a high-reliability organization. The movie realistically captures some of this dysfunction. In one scene, we see that the computer used by the rig’s chief electronics technician (played by Mark Wahlberg) is often on the fritz. In another, we learn that an office smoke detector is broken. In fact, many alarm systems on the rig were deliberately “inhibited” in order to <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/07/23/gulf.platform.alert/">prevent false alarms from waking up the crew</a>. On the sea floor, a <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/26/us/26spill.html?pagewanted=all">crucial structure of pipes and valves known as the blowout preventer was poorly maintained</a> (and probably not robust enough in the first place). The blowout preventer was supposed to be the last-ditch defense against high-pressure gas and oil bursting out of the well. It failed utterly.</p>
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<p
class="slate-paragraph slate-graf"
data-word-count="171"
data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cq-article-7c2f3c421b6518a4420d71295be7ca6c-component-15@published"
>In designing the structures that would stabilize the pipe and prevent leaks below the sea floor, BP repeatedly opted for the quickest, rather than the most secure, approaches. Though some choices were debated, there’s little sign that the drillers saw any of these decisions as necessarily or blatantly dangerous. (And the regulators certainly didn’t object.) Collectively, though, those <a href="http://ccrm.berkeley.edu/pdfs_papers/bea_pdfs/dhsgfinalreport-march2011-tag.pdf">aggressive choices</a> nudged the whole operation toward higher risk. BP and Transocean had been working this way for a while. When the wells didn’t fail, the drillers—just like those NASA officials—saw that as a vindication of their methods. Even as their wells were getting more dangerous, they grew more confident and complacent. Researchers who study disasters tell us that a long period without an accident can be a big risk factor in itself: Workers learn to expect safe operation as the norm and can’t even conceive of a devastating failure. In such a situation, workers and managers with the most experience are often the last to recognize when risks are getting out of control.</p>
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<p
class="slate-paragraph slate-graf"
data-word-count="160"
data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cq-article-7c2f3c421b6518a4420d71295be7ca6c-component-16@published"
>After every big disaster we naturally assume some reckless decision by a manager or a massive equipment breakdown must have been the cause. In the words of accident investigator Dekker, we look for “<a href="https://www.amazon.com/drift-into-failure-sidney-dekker/dp/1409422216">bad people, bad decisions, broken parts</a>.” But in studying large industrial failures (including the BP spill), Dekker came to a very different conclusion about what causes such problems. Large accidents are more often the result of dozens of tiny contributing factors: misguided assumptions on the part of workers and managers; small, subtly flawed decisions; routine mechanical or digital glitches. Individually, none of these seem particularly noteworthy to the people on the front line—just another day on the job. It’s only after the accident that we see how this particular row of dominos toppled. What Dekker, Vaughan, and others conclude is that large accidents are primarily the result of particular workplace cultures. In Vaughan’s words, “Mistake, mishap, and disaster are socially organized and systematically produced by social structures.”</p>
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<p
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data-word-count="131"
data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cq-article-7c2f3c421b6518a4420d71295be7ca6c-component-17@published"
>This new social science of disaster helps explain why the people involved never seem to see the accident coming. The people working in these cultures don’t <em>think</em> they are being reckless; they don’t recognize all the ways they’ve normalized deviance and let risks creep up. When the disaster finally strikes, they are as stunned as anyone. These findings also show why disasters are so hard to predict: According to Dekker, “Accidents can happen without anything breaking, without anybody erring, without anybody violating the rules they consider relevant.” The disaster, in other words, is not a violation of the daily routine, but a product of it. Some <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Normal-Accidents-Living-High-Risk-Technologies/dp/0691004129/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1475267912&sr=1-1&keywords=normal+accidents+by+charles+perrow">disaster researchers call these sorts of incidents</a> “normal accidents” or “organizational accidents” to stress the way they emerge from the normal operation of the organization.</p>
<p
class="slate-paragraph slate-graf"
data-word-count="107"
data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cq-article-7c2f3c421b6518a4420d71295be7ca6c-component-18@published"
>BP’s Macondo Prospect blowout was a textbook case of an organizational accident. One scene in the movie shows the crew conducting two critical pressure tests to check the well’s integrity. The first test produced a confusing and worrisome result. So they ran a second test, using a different pipe, and got the result they wanted. (<a href="http://ccrm.berkeley.edu/pdfs_papers/bea_pdfs/dhsgfinalreport-march2011-tag.pdf">Forensic analysis</a> later hinted that the pipe used in the second test may have been clogged.) The first test must have been wrong, they concluded. Everything was fine. The team had succumbed to the normalization of deviance, setting aside data that didn’t conform to their expectations and relying on information that did.</p>
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<figure
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class="image image--center"
data-editable="imageInfo"><div class="lazyload-container" style="aspect-ratio: 1180 / 842;">
<img
alt="One of the Chandeleur Islands off Louisiana May 4, 2010 as the gulf coast is still being threatened by the oil spill from the BP Deepwater Horizon platform disaster. "
class="lazyload"
data-src="https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0"
data-srcset="https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;320 320w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;480 480w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;600 600w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;840 840w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;960 960w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;1280 1280w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;1440 1440w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;1600 1600w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;1920 1920w,
https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0&amp;width&#x3D;2200 2200w"
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/>
<noscript>
<img
class="lazyloaded"
loading="lazy"
src="https://compote.slate.com/images/bc90b536-df41-45d0-9c0f-3847b47cf854.jpg?crop&#x3D;1180%2C842%2Cx0%2Cy0"
alt="One of the Chandeleur Islands off Louisiana May 4, 2010 as the gulf coast is still being threatened by the oil spill from the BP Deepwater Horizon platform disaster. "
width="1180"
height="842"
/>
</noscript>
</div>
<figcaption class="image__meta">
<span class="image__caption">One of the Chandeleur Islands off Louisiana on May 4, 2010, as the Gulf is threatened by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.</span>
<span class="image__credit"><p>Stan Honda/Getty Images</p>
</span>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p
class="slate-paragraph slate-graf"
data-word-count="144"
data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cq-article-7c2f3c421b6518a4420d71295be7ca6c-component-20@published"
>The movie presents the discussion over the test results as a showdown between BP’s oleaginous Vidrine, pushing to ignore the bad test, and Transocean’s stalwart Harrell, urging caution. In reality, the <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/nation-now/2016/09/21/deepwater-horizon-movie-fact-vs-fiction/90813762/">confusion over the test results was shared</a>, and the decision to move ahead despite ambiguous data was apparently not unusual. Of course, it’s hard to fault the filmmakers for amping up the venality of the BP execs onscreen. Movies need villains (and BP is hardly in a position to expect sympathetic treatment). But if we come away from the movie believing that disasters such as the Gulf spill are caused primarily by flamboyantly greedy and reckless executives, we are learning the wrong message. The kinds of decisions that lead to disasters are rarely telegraphed by malevolent executives twirling their moustaches. More often, they appear just like any other decision in a busy workday.</p>
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>The behavior of the Deepwater Horizon crew also indicated that none of them was particularly alarmed that work was proceeding despite the worrisome test. Over the next few hours, the crew overlooked several signs that pressure was growing in the well. When the explosive surge of gas and oil finally reached the drilling rig, Harrell was off taking a shower. The blowout caught the rest of the crew off guard as well. It took the crew on the bridge more than a minute to sound the general alarm and much longer to hit the disconnect button that would separate the rig from the well. By then it was too late. This doesn’t mean the crew members were bad at their jobs—it means they were human. In any complex business the expectation of normal operation runs deep. The same workplace culture that gradually normalizes risk-taking also makes it hard for workers to expect trouble. In many disasters, the front-line workers struggle even to comprehend what is happening; the unfolding events fall completely outside their mental models.</p>
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>To say that the Gulf oil spill was an organizational accident—something that grew organically out of the culture of the drilling platform—doesn’t mean BP wasn’t responsible. It was BP’s decision to attempt extraordinarily deep and hazardous drilling operations. And BP would reap enormous profits from a successful well. So the company deserves to pay every penny of the <a href="http://www.startribune.com/bp-s-big-bill-for-the-world-s-largest-oil-spill-now-reaches-61-6-billion/386893611/">more than $60 billion in fines and settlements</a> it has been charged with. Moreover, companies that operate in very hazardous fields have a heightened responsibility to understand modern thinking about how workplace cultures can incubate disasters. The various strategies that make up the concept of the high-reliability organization are not obscure or impossible to implement. It is hard to imagine a work environment more in need of those principles than an oil platform. An <a href="http://ccrm.berkeley.edu/pdfs_papers/bea_pdfs/dhsgfinalreport-march2011-tag.pdf">analysis</a> by University of California–Berkeley’s Center for Catastrophic Risk Management concluded: “This disaster was preventable if existing progressive guidelines and practices been followed.” Instead, BP and Transocean doubled down on their aggressive style, convinced that their past successes were proof of their skill and invulnerability. In the words of the Berkeley group, “They forgot to be afraid.” </p>
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>So, by all means, BP deserves to be excoriated. And the <em>Deepwater Horizon</em> movie misses few opportunities on that front. (As <a href="http://uproxx.com/movies/deepwater-horizon-review/">one critic wrote</a>, if “you need a corporate stooge who helped destroy the Gulf of Mexico to come off as absolutely evil, yes, you will want to hire John Malkovich.”) But if we think that we can prevent future accidents simply by pointing fingers at the people who caused the last one and exonerating ourselves as less corrupt, we are fooling ourselves. Preventing disasters requires a special kind of daily vigilance that needs to be actively taught and constantly reinforced. Only by admitting that, yes, it could happen to us too, can we take the steps to make disaster less likely.</p>
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function baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromIndex, fromRight) {
var length = array.length,
index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 1 : -1);
while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
return index;
}
}
return -1;
}
module.exports = baseFindIndex;
/***/ }),
/***/ 1217:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
"use strict";
var _shiftClay = __webpack_require__(745);
var _shiftClay2 = _interopRequireDefault(_shiftClay);
function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; }
// load logo styles
__webpack_require__(261);
(0, _shiftClay2.default)();
/***/ }),
/***/ 138:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = 9007199254740991;
/**
* Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
*
* **Note:** This method is loosely based on
* [`ToLength`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tolength).
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 4.0.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.
* @example
*
* _.isLength(3);
* // => true
*
* _.isLength(Number.MIN_VALUE);
* // => false
*
* _.isLength(Infinity);
* // => false
*
* _.isLength('3');
* // => false
*/
function isLength(value) {
return typeof value == 'number' &&
value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
}
module.exports = isLength;
/***/ }),
/***/ 139:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
// Source: http://jsfiddle.net/vWx8V/
// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5603195/full-list-of-javascript-keycodes
/**
* Conenience method returns corresponding value for given keyName or keyCode.
*
* @param {Mixed} keyCode {Number} or keyName {String}
* @return {Mixed}
* @api public
*/
function keyCode(searchInput) {
// Keyboard Events
if (searchInput && 'object' === typeof searchInput) {
var hasKeyCode = searchInput.which || searchInput.keyCode || searchInput.charCode
if (hasKeyCode) searchInput = hasKeyCode
}
// Numbers
if ('number' === typeof searchInput) return names[searchInput]
// Everything else (cast to string)
var search = String(searchInput)
// check codes
var foundNamedKey = codes[search.toLowerCase()]
if (foundNamedKey) return foundNamedKey
// check aliases
var foundNamedKey = aliases[search.toLowerCase()]
if (foundNamedKey) return foundNamedKey
// weird character?
if (search.length === 1) return search.charCodeAt(0)
return undefined
}
/**
* Compares a keyboard event with a given keyCode or keyName.
*
* @param {Event} event Keyboard event that should be tested
* @param {Mixed} keyCode {Number} or keyName {String}
* @return {Boolean}
* @api public
*/
keyCode.isEventKey = function isEventKey(event, nameOrCode) {
if (event && 'object' === typeof event) {
var keyCode = event.which || event.keyCode || event.charCode
if (keyCode === null || keyCode === undefined) { return false; }
if (typeof nameOrCode === 'string') {
// check codes
var foundNamedKey = codes[nameOrCode.toLowerCase()]
if (foundNamedKey) { return foundNamedKey === keyCode; }
// check aliases
var foundNamedKey = aliases[nameOrCode.toLowerCase()]
if (foundNamedKey) { return foundNamedKey === keyCode; }
} else if (typeof nameOrCode === 'number') {
return nameOrCode === keyCode;
}
return false;
}
}
exports = module.exports = keyCode;
/**
* Get by name
*
* exports.code['enter'] // => 13
*/
var codes = exports.code = exports.codes = {
'backspace': 8,
'tab': 9,
'enter': 13,
'shift': 16,
'ctrl': 17,
'alt': 18,
'pause/break': 19,
'caps lock': 20,
'esc': 27,
'space': 32,
'page up': 33,
'page down': 34,
'end': 35,
'home': 36,
'left': 37,
'up': 38,
'right': 39,
'down': 40,
'insert': 45,
'delete': 46,
'command': 91,
'left command': 91,
'right command': 93,
'numpad *': 106,
'numpad +': 107,
'numpad -': 109,
'numpad .': 110,
'numpad /': 111,
'num lock': 144,
'scroll lock': 145,
'my computer': 182,
'my calculator': 183,
';': 186,
'=': 187,
',': 188,
'-': 189,
'.': 190,
'/': 191,
'`': 192,
'[': 219,
'\\': 220,
']': 221,
"'": 222
}
// Helper aliases
var aliases = exports.aliases = {
'windows': 91,
'⇧': 16,
'⌥': 18,
'⌃': 17,
'⌘': 91,
'ctl': 17,
'control': 17,
'option': 18,
'pause': 19,
'break': 19,
'caps': 20,
'return': 13,
'escape': 27,
'spc': 32,
'spacebar': 32,
'pgup': 33,
'pgdn': 34,
'ins': 45,
'del': 46,
'cmd': 91
}
/*!
* Programatically add the following
*/
// lower case chars
for (i = 97; i < 123; i++) codes[String.fromCharCode(i)] = i - 32
// numbers
for (var i = 48; i < 58; i++) codes[i - 48] = i
// function keys
for (i = 1; i < 13; i++) codes['f'+i] = i + 111
// numpad keys
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) codes['numpad '+i] = i + 96
/**
* Get by code
*
* exports.name[13] // => 'Enter'
*/
var names = exports.names = exports.title = {} // title for backward compat
// Create reverse mapping
for (i in codes) names[codes[i]] = i
// Add aliases
for (var alias in aliases) {
codes[alias] = aliases[alias]
}
/***/ }),
/***/ 143:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var baseFindIndex = __webpack_require__(100),
baseIsNaN = __webpack_require__(211),
strictIndexOf = __webpack_require__(212);
/**
* The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without `fromIndex` bounds checks.
*
* @private
* @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
* @param {*} value The value to search for.
* @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
* @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
*/
function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
return value === value
? strictIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex)
: baseFindIndex(array, baseIsNaN, fromIndex);
}
module.exports = baseIndexOf;
/***/ }),
/***/ 174:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
value: true
});
exports.default = toggleEdit;
/**
* toggle between edit and view modes
* @param {object} location stub for testing
*/
function toggleEdit(location) {
var query = '?edit=true',
endQuery = '&edit=true';
var url = void 0,
queryIndex = void 0,
endQueryIndex = void 0;
location = location || /* istanbul ignore next: can't stub window.location */window.location;
url = location.protocol + '//' + location.host + location.pathname + location.search; // don't keep the hash
queryIndex = url.indexOf(query);
endQueryIndex = url.indexOf(endQuery);
if (queryIndex > -1) {
url = url.substring(0, queryIndex);
} else if (endQueryIndex > -1) {
url = url.substring(0, endQueryIndex);
} else if (url.indexOf('?') > -1) {
url = url + endQuery;
} else {
url = url + query;
}
location.assign(url);
}
/***/ }),
/***/ 190:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var toNumber = __webpack_require__(87);
/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
var INFINITY = 1 / 0,
MAX_INTEGER = 1.7976931348623157e+308;
/**
* Converts `value` to a finite number.
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 4.12.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to convert.
* @returns {number} Returns the converted number.
* @example
*
* _.toFinite(3.2);
* // => 3.2
*
* _.toFinite(Number.MIN_VALUE);
* // => 5e-324
*
* _.toFinite(Infinity);
* // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
*
* _.toFinite('3.2');
* // => 3.2
*/
function toFinite(value) {
if (!value) {
return value === 0 ? value : 0;
}
value = toNumber(value);
if (value === INFINITY || value === -INFINITY) {
var sign = (value < 0 ? -1 : 1);
return sign * MAX_INTEGER;
}
return value === value ? value : 0;
}
module.exports = toFinite;
/***/ }),
/***/ 211:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/**
* The base implementation of `_.isNaN` without support for number objects.
*
* @private
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
*/
function baseIsNaN(value) {
return value !== value;
}
module.exports = baseIsNaN;
/***/ }),
/***/ 212:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/**
* A specialized version of `_.indexOf` which performs strict equality
* comparisons of values, i.e. `===`.
*
* @private
* @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
* @param {*} value The value to search for.
* @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
* @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
*/
function strictIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
var index = fromIndex - 1,
length = array.length;
while (++index < length) {
if (array[index] === value) {
return index;
}
}
return -1;
}
module.exports = strictIndexOf;
/***/ }),
/***/ 213:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var baseValues = __webpack_require__(214),
keys = __webpack_require__(42);
/**
* Creates an array of the own enumerable string keyed property values of `object`.
*
* **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
*
* @static
* @since 0.1.0
* @memberOf _
* @category Object
* @param {Object} object The object to query.
* @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
* @example
*
* function Foo() {
* this.a = 1;
* this.b = 2;
* }
*
* Foo.prototype.c = 3;
*
* _.values(new Foo);
* // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
*
* _.values('hi');
* // => ['h', 'i']
*/
function values(object) {
return object == null ? [] : baseValues(object, keys(object));
}
module.exports = values;
/***/ }),
/***/ 214:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var arrayMap = __webpack_require__(43);
/**
* The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
* array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
* of `props`.
*
* @private
* @param {Object} object The object to query.
* @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
* @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
*/
function baseValues(object, props) {
return arrayMap(props, function(key) {
return object[key];
});
}
module.exports = baseValues;
/***/ }),
/***/ 261:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
// removed by extract-text-webpack-plugin
/***/ }),
/***/ 3:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/**
* Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 0.1.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array, else `false`.
* @example
*
* _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
* // => true
*
* _.isArray(document.body.children);
* // => false
*
* _.isArray('abc');
* // => false
*
* _.isArray(_.noop);
* // => false
*/
var isArray = Array.isArray;
module.exports = isArray;
/***/ }),
/***/ 4:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/**
* Checks if `value` is the
* [language type](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-ecmascript-language-types)
* of `Object`. (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 0.1.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
* @example
*
* _.isObject({});
* // => true
*
* _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
* // => true
*
* _.isObject(_.noop);
* // => true
*
* _.isObject(null);
* // => false
*/
function isObject(value) {
var type = typeof value;
return value != null && (type == 'object' || type == 'function');
}
module.exports = isObject;
/***/ }),
/***/ 41:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/**
* Checks if `value` is object-like. A value is object-like if it's not `null`
* and has a `typeof` result of "object".
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 4.0.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
* @example
*
* _.isObjectLike({});
* // => true
*
* _.isObjectLike([1, 2, 3]);
* // => true
*
* _.isObjectLike(_.noop);
* // => false
*
* _.isObjectLike(null);
* // => false
*/
function isObjectLike(value) {
return value != null && typeof value == 'object';
}
module.exports = isObjectLike;
/***/ }),
/***/ 42:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var overArg = __webpack_require__(75);
/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
var nativeKeys = overArg(Object.keys, Object);
module.exports = nativeKeys;
/***/ }),
/***/ 43:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/**
* A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for iteratee
* shorthands.
*
* @private
* @param {Array} [array] The array to iterate over.
* @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
* @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
*/
function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
var index = -1,
length = array == null ? 0 : array.length,
result = Array(length);
while (++index < length) {
result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
}
return result;
}
module.exports = arrayMap;
/***/ }),
/***/ 44:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var isFunction = __webpack_require__(49),
isLength = __webpack_require__(138);
/**
* Checks if `value` is array-like. A value is considered array-like if it's
* not a function and has a `value.length` that's an integer greater than or
* equal to `0` and less than or equal to `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`.
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 4.0.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is array-like, else `false`.
* @example
*
* _.isArrayLike([1, 2, 3]);
* // => true
*
* _.isArrayLike(document.body.children);
* // => true
*
* _.isArrayLike('abc');
* // => true
*
* _.isArrayLike(_.noop);
* // => false
*/
function isArrayLike(value) {
return value != null && isLength(value.length) && !isFunction(value);
}
module.exports = isArrayLike;
/***/ }),
/***/ 49:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var baseGetTag = __webpack_require__(50),
isObject = __webpack_require__(4);
/** `Object#toString` result references. */
var asyncTag = '[object AsyncFunction]',
funcTag = '[object Function]',
genTag = '[object GeneratorFunction]',
proxyTag = '[object Proxy]';
/**
* Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 0.1.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a function, else `false`.
* @example
*
* _.isFunction(_);
* // => true
*
* _.isFunction(/abc/);
* // => false
*/
function isFunction(value) {
if (!isObject(value)) {
return false;
}
// The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
// in Safari 9 which returns 'object' for typed arrays and other constructors.
var tag = baseGetTag(value);
return tag == funcTag || tag == genTag || tag == asyncTag || tag == proxyTag;
}
module.exports = isFunction;
/***/ }),
/***/ 5:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var baseGetTag = __webpack_require__(50),
isArray = __webpack_require__(3),
isObjectLike = __webpack_require__(41);
/** `Object#toString` result references. */
var stringTag = '[object String]';
/**
* Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
*
* @static
* @since 0.1.0
* @memberOf _
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to check.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a string, else `false`.
* @example
*
* _.isString('abc');
* // => true
*
* _.isString(1);
* // => false
*/
function isString(value) {
return typeof value == 'string' ||
(!isArray(value) && isObjectLike(value) && baseGetTag(value) == stringTag);
}
module.exports = isString;
/***/ }),
/***/ 50:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/** Used for built-in method references. */
var objectProto = Object.prototype;
/**
* Used to resolve the
* [`toStringTag`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
* of values.
*/
var nativeObjectToString = objectProto.toString;
/**
* Converts `value` to a string using `Object.prototype.toString`.
*
* @private
* @param {*} value The value to convert.
* @returns {string} Returns the converted string.
*/
function objectToString(value) {
return nativeObjectToString.call(value);
}
module.exports = objectToString;
/***/ }),
/***/ 51:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var toFinite = __webpack_require__(190);
/**
* Converts `value` to an integer.
*
* **Note:** This method is loosely based on
* [`ToInteger`](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-tointeger).
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 4.0.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to convert.
* @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
* @example
*
* _.toInteger(3.2);
* // => 3
*
* _.toInteger(Number.MIN_VALUE);
* // => 0
*
* _.toInteger(Infinity);
* // => 1.7976931348623157e+308
*
* _.toInteger('3.2');
* // => 3
*/
function toInteger(value) {
var result = toFinite(value),
remainder = result % 1;
return result === result ? (remainder ? result - remainder : result) : 0;
}
module.exports = toInteger;
/***/ }),
/***/ 62:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/**
* This method returns `false`.
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 4.13.0
* @category Util
* @returns {boolean} Returns `false`.
* @example
*
* _.times(2, _.stubFalse);
* // => [false, false]
*/
function stubFalse() {
return false;
}
module.exports = stubFalse;
/***/ }),
/***/ 7:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var baseIndexOf = __webpack_require__(143),
isArrayLike = __webpack_require__(44),
isString = __webpack_require__(5),
toInteger = __webpack_require__(51),
values = __webpack_require__(213);
/* Built-in method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
var nativeMax = Math.max;
/**
* Checks if `value` is in `collection`. If `collection` is a string, it's
* checked for a substring of `value`, otherwise
* [`SameValueZero`](http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-samevaluezero)
* is used for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it's used as
* the offset from the end of `collection`.
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 0.1.0
* @category Collection
* @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
* @param {*} value The value to search for.
* @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
* @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as an iteratee for methods like `_.reduce`.
* @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
* @example
*
* _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
* // => true
*
* _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
* // => false
*
* _.includes({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, 1);
* // => true
*
* _.includes('abcd', 'bc');
* // => true
*/
function includes(collection, value, fromIndex, guard) {
collection = isArrayLike(collection) ? collection : values(collection);
fromIndex = (fromIndex && !guard) ? toInteger(fromIndex) : 0;
var length = collection.length;
if (fromIndex < 0) {
fromIndex = nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0);
}
return isString(collection)
? (fromIndex <= length && collection.indexOf(value, fromIndex) > -1)
: (!!length && baseIndexOf(collection, value, fromIndex) > -1);
}
module.exports = includes;
/***/ }),
/***/ 745:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
"use strict";
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
value: true
});
var _includes2 = __webpack_require__(7);
var _includes3 = _interopRequireDefault(_includes2);
exports.default = addListeners;
var _keycode = __webpack_require__(139);
var _keycode2 = _interopRequireDefault(_keycode);
var _toggleEdit = __webpack_require__(174);
var _toggleEdit2 = _interopRequireDefault(_toggleEdit);
function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; }
var secretKilnKey = '';
/**
* show clay logo
*/
function showLogo() {
var logo = document.querySelector('.clay-kiln-logo');
if (logo) {
logo.classList.add('show');
}
}
/**
* add listeners for shift + CLAY to the document
*/
function addListeners() {
/**
* listen for shift + C L A Y
* when users hit that, show the logo (then enter edit mode on keyup)
*/
document.addEventListener('keydown', function (e) {
var key = (0, _keycode2.default)(e);
if ((0, _includes3.default)(['c', 'l', 'a', 'y'], key) && e.shiftKey === true) {
secretKilnKey += key;
} else {
// if we hit any other character, reset the key
secretKilnKey = '';
}
// check secret key
if (secretKilnKey === 'clay') {
showLogo();
} else if (secretKilnKey.length > 4 && (0, _includes3.default)(secretKilnKey, 'clay')) {
(0, _toggleEdit2.default)();
} else if (secretKilnKey.length > 4) {
// if we hit more than four characters, reset the key
secretKilnKey = '';
}
});
document.addEventListener('keyup', function () {
if (secretKilnKey === 'clay') {
(0, _toggleEdit2.default)();
}
});
}
/***/ }),
/***/ 75:
/***/ (function(module, exports) {
/**
* Creates a unary function that invokes `func` with its argument transformed.
*
* @private
* @param {Function} func The function to wrap.
* @param {Function} transform The argument transform.
* @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
*/
function overArg(func, transform) {
return function(arg) {
return func(transform(arg));
};
}
module.exports = overArg;
/***/ }),
/***/ 87:
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
var isObject = __webpack_require__(4),
isSymbol = __webpack_require__(62);
/** Used as references for various `Number` constants. */
var NAN = 0 / 0;
/** Used to match leading and trailing whitespace. */
var reTrim = /^\s+|\s+$/g;
/** Used to detect bad signed hexadecimal string values. */
var reIsBadHex = /^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i;
/** Used to detect binary string values. */
var reIsBinary = /^0b[01]+$/i;
/** Used to detect octal string values. */
var reIsOctal = /^0o[0-7]+$/i;
/** Built-in method references without a dependency on `root`. */
var freeParseInt = parseInt;
/**
* Converts `value` to a number.
*
* @static
* @memberOf _
* @since 4.0.0
* @category Lang
* @param {*} value The value to process.
* @returns {number} Returns the number.
* @example
*
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window.modules["21"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,t){try{var r=e()}catch(e){return t(e)}return r&&r.then?r.then(void 0,t):r}var domEventData,resolveWaitForPageview,getDomEventData=function(e){if(domEventData)return domEventData;try{e=e||document.querySelectorAll("script.js-analytics-js-data")[0],domEventData=JSON.parse(e.textContent)}catch(e){console.warn("unable to get dom event data for amplitude",e)}return domEventData},track=function(e,t){try{var r=getDomEventData(),o=Object.assign({},r,t);return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(amplitude.track(e,o).promise).then(function(e){if(200!==e.code)throw new Error(e.message);return e})},function(r){console.error("FAILED amplitude.track",e,t,r.message)}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},waitForPageview=new Promise(function(e,t){resolveWaitForPageview=e});function trackAfterPageview(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=new Array(e),r=0;r<e;r++)t[r]=arguments[r];waitForPageview.then(function(){track.apply(void 0,t)})}var page=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(amplitude.track("Loaded a Page",e).promise).then(function(){resolveWaitForPageview()})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},setUserId=function(e){try{amplitude.setUserId(e)}catch(e){console.error("Error setting userId",e)}},identify=function(e,t){try{if(amplitude.setUserId(e),t&&Object.keys(t).length){var r=new amplitude.Identify;for(var o in t)r.set(o,t[o]);amplitude.identify(r)}}catch(e){console.error("Error identifying user",e)}};module.exports.getDomEventData=getDomEventData,module.exports.getInstance=function(){return amplitude},module.exports.page=page,module.exports.track=track,module.exports.trackAfterPageview=trackAfterPageview,module.exports.afterPageview=waitForPageview,module.exports.setUserId=setUserId,module.exports.identify=identify,module.exports.log=function(e,t){return Promise.resolve(waitForPageview).then(function(){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(r){for(var o in t=Object.assign({},getDomEventData(),t))"boolean"==typeof t[o]&&(t[o]=(""+t[o]).toUpperCase());return r.track(e,t)})})};
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window.modules["22"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";exports.formatArticleData=function(t){return{content_created:t.pub_date,content_author:t.authors.join(","),content_section:t.section,tags:t.tags,custom_variables:{contentRubric:t.rubric,amplitudePageType:t.page_type,hed:t.headline}}},exports.isSlatePianoEvent=function(t){return/[/.](piano\.io|(?:local|dev|stage)-slate\.com|slate\.com)$/.test(t.origin)&&t.data.slate},exports.pianoInitPromise=new Promise(function(t,e){exports.pianoInitPromiseResolve=t,exports.pianoInitPromiseReject=e});
}, {}];
window.modules["23"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var firedVars=[],callbacks=[];function setResponseVariable(e){var s=e.responseVariables;firedVars.push(s),callbacks.forEach(function(e){return e(s)})}setResponseVariable.onResponseVariables=function(e){firedVars.forEach(function(s){return e(s)}),callbacks.push(e)},module.exports=setResponseVariable;
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window.modules["42"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.getActualTheme=getActualTheme,exports.getTheme=getTheme,exports.getThemeClass=getThemeClass,exports.onThemeChange=onThemeChange,exports.setTheme=setTheme;var prefersDark=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),THEME_OPTIONS=["dark","light","auto"],CLASS_OPTIONS=THEME_OPTIONS.map(getThemeClass);function getActualTheme(){return resolveTheme(getTheme())}function resolveTheme(e){return"dark"===e||"auto"===e&&prefersDark.matches?"dark":"light"}function setTheme(e){var t;(t=document.documentElement.classList).remove.apply(t,CLASS_OPTIONS),document.documentElement.classList.add(getThemeClass(e));try{localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}catch(t){console.error("failed to set theme in storage",e,t)}window.dispatchEvent(makeThemeChangeEvent())}function makeThemeChangeEvent(){return new CustomEvent("theme-change",{detail:{theme:getActualTheme()}})}function getTheme(){try{var e=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){console.error("failed to get theme from storage",e,t)}return THEME_OPTIONS.includes(e)||(e="light"),e}function getThemeClass(e){return void 0===e&&(e=getTheme()),"theme-"+e}function onThemeChange(e){e(getActualTheme()),prefersDark.addEventListener("change",function(){return e(getActualTheme())}),window.addEventListener("theme-change",function(t){return e(t.detail.theme)})}
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window.modules["45"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var t=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return t&&t.then?t.then(void 0,r):t}var _require=require(927),get=_require.get,slateAmplitude=require(21),slatePermutive=require(92),MYSLATE_ORIGIN=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl,BASE_ENDPOINT=new URL(MYSLATE_ORIGIN+"/proxies/newsletters/").href,SIGNUP_UTM_VARS_ENDPOINT=new URL(MYSLATE_ORIGIN+"/emails/signup_utm_vars/").href,userSubs={};function subsToObj(e,r){var t;if(void 0===r&&(r=1),r=r?1:0,"string"==typeof e)return(t={})[e]=r,t;if(Array.isArray(e))return Object.fromEntries(e.map(function(e){return[e,r]}));if("object"==typeof e)return e;throw console.error("not sure how to convert subscriptions to object",e),new Error("Invalid subscriptions type")}function subsToArr(e){return Object.keys(subsToObj(e))}window.addEventListener("visibilitychange",function(){if(document.hidden)for(var e in userSubs)delete userSubs[e]}),exports.getSubscriptions=function(e){try{if(Object.keys(userSubs).length>0)return Promise.resolve(userSubs);var r=e?constructUserEndpoint(e):BASE_ENDPOINT;return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(r)).then(function(e){return Object.assign(userSubs,e),e})},function(e){throw console.error("failed to fetch user subs",r,e),Error("There was an error fetching your newsletter subscriptions")}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.updateSubscriptions=function(e,r,t,n,s){void 0===e&&(e={}),void 0===t&&(t=""),void 0===n&&(n=!1),void 0===s&&(s={});try{var o=constructUserEndpoint(r);return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(o,{method:"POST",credentials:"include",body:JSON.stringify(Object.assign({subscribed:[]},e,{token:t,isTurnstile:n},s)),headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"}})).then(function(t){return userSubs.subscribed=t.subscribed,e.subscribed&&(trackSignupUtmParams(r),"email-modal"===s.sailthruSource?trackNewsletterSignup(r,e.subscribed,{source:"email-modal"}):trackNewsletterSignup(r,e.subscribed)),t})},function(t){throw console.error("failed to update subs",{email:r,subscriptions:e},t),new Error("There was an error updating your subscriptions.")}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.setSignupUtmVars=function(e,r){void 0===r&&(r={});try{return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){if(!e)throw Error("You must provide an email to set signup utm vars.");return Promise.resolve(get(SIGNUP_UTM_VARS_ENDPOINT,{method:"POST",credentials:"include",body:JSON.stringify(Object.assign({email:e},r)),headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"}}))},function(r){console.error("failed to set signup utm vars",e,r)}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}};var SIGNUP_UTM_PARAMS=["utm_source","utm_content","utm_medium","utm_campaign","utm_term"];function getSignupUtmParams(){var e=new URL(location.href).searchParams,r={};return SIGNUP_UTM_PARAMS.forEach(function(t){var n=e.get(t);n&&(r[t]=n)}),r}function trackSignupUtmParams(e){var r=getSignupUtmParams();Object.keys(r).length>0&&exports.setSignupUtmVars(e,r)}function constructUserEndpoint(e){if(!e)throw Error("You must provide an email to update subscriptions.");return new URL(""+BASE_ENDPOINT+e+"/").href}function constructOptOutEndpoint(e){if(!e)throw Error("You must provide an email to opt out.");return new URL(BASE_ENDPOINT+"optout/"+e+"/").href}function trackNewsletterSignup(e,r,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var n=subsToArr(r);try{var s=new amplitude.Identify;s.append("Newsletters",n),amplitude.identify(s)}catch(e){console.error("amplitude.identify failed",e)}try{ats.setAdditionalData({type:"email",id:e})}catch(e){console.error("Failed to add to ats",e)}slateAmplitude.track("Newsletter: Sign Up",Object.assign({list_name:n},t)),slatePermutive.track("Newsletter",{newsletters:n})}exports.trackSignupUtmParams=trackSignupUtmParams,exports.optOutOfSubscriptions=function(e){try{var r=constructOptOutEndpoint(e);return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(r,{method:"GET",credentials:"include"}))},function(e){throw console.error("failed to opt out",r,e),new Error("Something went wrong while opting out.")}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.getAllNewsletters=function(){try{var e=new URL(BASE_ENDPOINT+"all/").href;return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(e))},function(r){throw console.error("failed to fetch newsletters",e,r),new Error("Something went wrong while trying to fetch newsletters")}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.subscribe=function(e,r,t,n,s,o){void 0===o&&(o={});try{var i={};return i[r]=1,t&&(i.Marketing=1),Promise.resolve(exports.updateSubscriptions({subscribed:i},e,n,s,o))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},exports.trackNewsletterSignup=trackNewsletterSignup,exports.isSubscribed=function(e,r){try{return e?Promise.resolve(exports.getSubscriptions(e)).then(function(e){return e.subscribed.includes(r)}):Promise.resolve(!1)}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}};
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window.modules["46"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function toUrl(r,a){var t;try{t=new URL(r),a&&(t.search=updateParams(t.search,a))}catch(r){t=null}return t}function hasParam(r,a){return!!new URL(r).searchParams.get(a)}function updateParams(r,a){var t=paramStringToObject(r),e=paramStringToObject(a);return new URLSearchParams(Object.assign({},t,e)).toString()}function paramStringToObject(r){for(var a=Array.from(new URLSearchParams(r)),t={},e=0;e<a.length;e++){var n=a[e],o=n[0],i=n[1];o=o.trim(),i=i.trim(),t[o]=i}return t}function normalizeUrl(r,a){if(r){var t=new URL(r,a.site.baseUrl);return t.host=a.site.host,t.toString()}}module.exports={toUrl:toUrl,hasParam:hasParam,paramStringToObject:paramStringToObject,normalizeUrl:normalizeUrl};
}, {}];
window.modules["53"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var loaded=new Set;function executeScripts(e){e.querySelectorAll("script").forEach(function(e){var t=document.createElement("script");e.src?t.src=e.src:e.textContent&&(t.text=e.textContent),e.parentNode.insertBefore(t,e),e.parentNode.removeChild(e)})}function _load(e,t){if(void 0===t&&(t={}),!loaded.has(e)){var n=e.querySelector(".lazyload-container > noscript");if(n){var o=n.parentNode;o.innerHTML=n.innerText,loaded.add(e),executeScripts(e),o.classList.add("lazyload-container--loaded"),t.fluid&&(o.style.height="",o.classList.add("lazyload-container--fluid")),o.hidden=!1}else console.error('cannot find "noscript" for unloaded el',e)}}function _unload(e,t){if(loaded.has(e)){var n=e.querySelector(".lazyload-container");if(n&&!n.firstElementChild.matches("noscript")){var o=n.offsetHeight;n.innerHTML="\n <noscript>\n "+n.innerHTML+"\n </noscript>\n ",loaded.delete(e),n.classList.remove("lazyload-container--loaded"),t.fluid&&(n.style.height=o+"px",n.classList.remove("lazyload-container--fluid"))}else console.error("cannot find container to unload el",e)}}module.exports.createObserver=function(e){e=Object.assign({intersectionObserverOptions:{rootMargin:"100% 0% 100% 0%"},limit:1/0,fluid:!1,onLoad:function(){},onUnload:function(){}},e);var t=new Map,n=new IntersectionObserver(function(n){n.forEach(function(n){var o;t.has(n.target)?o=t.get(n.target):(o={el:n.target},t.set(n.target,o)),o.isIntersecting=n.isIntersecting,o.offsetTop=n.boundingClientRect.top+window.scrollY,!o.loaded&&o.isIntersecting&&(_load(n.target,e),o.loaded=!0,e.onLoad(n.target,e))});var o=[];t.forEach(function(e){e.loaded&&o.push(e)});var r=o.length-e.limit;r>0&&o.filter(function(e){return!e.isIntersecting}).map(function(e){return e.distance=Math.abs(e.offsetTop-window.scrollY),e}).sort(function(e,t){return t.distance-e.distance}).slice(0,r).forEach(function(t){_unload(t.el,e),t.loaded=!1,e.onUnload(t.el,e)})},e.intersectionObserverOptions);return{observe:function(){return n.observe.apply(n,arguments)},unobserve:function(){return n.unobserve.apply(n,arguments)},load:function(t){return _load(t,e)},unload:function(t){return _unload(t,e)}}},window.addEventListener("load",function(){var e=document.querySelectorAll(".lazyload-html--auto");if(e.length>0){var t=exports.createObserver({fluid:!0});e.forEach(function(e){return t.observe(e)})}}),module.exports.executeScripts=executeScripts;
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window.modules["55"] = [function(require,module,exports){!function(e){var n;if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd&&(define(e),n=!0),"object"==typeof exports&&(module.exports=e(),n=!0),!n){var t=window.Cookies,o=window.Cookies=e();o.noConflict=function(){return window.Cookies=t,o}}}(function(){function e(){for(var e=0,n={};e<arguments.length;e++){var t=arguments[e];for(var o in t)n[o]=t[o]}return n}function n(e){return e.replace(/(%[0-9A-Z]{2})+/g,decodeURIComponent)}return function t(o){function r(){}function i(n,t,i){if("undefined"!=typeof document){"number"==typeof(i=e({path:"/"},r.defaults,i)).expires&&(i.expires=new Date(1*new Date+864e5*i.expires)),i.expires=i.expires?i.expires.toUTCString():"";try{var c=JSON.stringify(t);/^[\{\[]/.test(c)&&(t=c)}catch(e){}t=o.write?o.write(t,n):encodeURIComponent(String(t)).replace(/%(23|24|26|2B|3A|3C|3E|3D|2F|3F|40|5B|5D|5E|60|7B|7D|7C)/g,decodeURIComponent),n=encodeURIComponent(String(n)).replace(/%(23|24|26|2B|5E|60|7C)/g,decodeURIComponent).replace(/[\(\)]/g,escape);var f="";for(var u in i)i[u]&&(f+="; "+u,!0!==i[u]&&(f+="="+i[u].split(";")[0]));return document.cookie=n+"="+t+f}}function c(e,t){if("undefined"!=typeof document){for(var r={},i=document.cookie?document.cookie.split("; "):[],c=0;c<i.length;c++){var f=i[c].split("="),u=f.slice(1).join("=");t||'"'!==u.charAt(0)||(u=u.slice(1,-1));try{var a=n(f[0]);if(u=(o.read||o)(u,a)||n(u),t)try{u=JSON.parse(u)}catch(e){}if(r[a]=u,e===a)break}catch(e){}}return e?r[e]:r}}return r.set=i,r.get=function(e){return c(e,!1)},r.getJSON=function(e){return c(e,!0)},r.remove=function(n,t){i(n,"",e(t,{expires:-1}))},r.defaults={},r.withConverter=t,r}(function(){})});
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window.modules["57"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var launchOnboarding=function(e){try{return!e.onboarding||document.documentElement.clientWidth<=1024?Promise.resolve():Promise.resolve(piano.getExtendedUserData("onboarding")).then(function(n){var r=n.email,i=piano.getCustomFields(n);if(i.onboarding_enabled)return window._ONBOARDING={user:Object.assign({},i,{email:r}),experience:e},Promise.resolve(fetch("/fixins/onboarding/index.html").then(function(e){return e.text()}).then(function(e){return(new DOMParser).parseFromString(e,"text/html")})).then(function(e){e.head.querySelectorAll("meta,title").forEach(function(e){return e.remove()});var n=document.querySelector("#onboarding-container");n.innerHTML=e.head.innerHTML+e.body.innerHTML,executeScripts(n)})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},membership=require(7),piano=require(71),_require=require(53),executeScripts=_require.executeScripts;exports.init=function(){membership.isLoggedIn()&&window.tp.push(["addHandler","setResponseVariable",function(e){return launchOnboarding(e.responseVariables)}])};
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window.modules["64"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var dropdownSelector=".dropdown",buttonSelector=".dropdown__button",contentSelector=".dropdown__content";module.exports=function(e){(e.matches(dropdownSelector)?[e]:e.querySelectorAll(dropdownSelector)).forEach(initialize)};var x=0;function initialize(e){var t=e.querySelector(contentSelector);if(!t.id){t.id="dropdown-"+x++;var n=e.querySelector(buttonSelector);n.setAttribute("aria-controls",t.id),n.setAttribute("aria-expanded",!1);var r={click:function(t){e.contains(t.target)||o()},keyup:function(e){["Escape","Esc"].includes(e.key)&&o()}};e.addEventListener("click",function(){return"true"===n.getAttribute("aria-expanded")?o():function(){for(var e in n.setAttribute("aria-expanded","true"),r)document.body.addEventListener(e,r[e])}()}),e.hidden=!1,n.disabled=!1}function o(){for(var e in n.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),r)document.body.removeEventListener(e,r[e])}}
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window.modules["65"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var dropdown=require(64),darkMode=require(42);function munge(e){return e.trim().toLowerCase()}function constructThemePickers(e){var r=e.querySelectorAll(".theme-picker");function n(e){r.forEach(function(r){r.querySelector(".dropdown__label").innerHTML=e.innerHTML});var n=munge(e.innerText);darkMode.setTheme(n)}r.forEach(function(e){e.querySelectorAll(".theme-picker__option").forEach(function(e){var r=munge(e.innerText);document.documentElement.classList.contains("theme-"+r)&&n(e),e.addEventListener("click",function(e){n(e.currentTarget)})}),dropdown(e)})}module.exports=constructThemePickers;
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window.modules["71"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var cookies=require(55),_require=require(926),MYSLATE_ORIGIN=_require.myslateOrigin,PIANOAPITIMEOUT=3e3;module.exports={getExtendedUserData:function(e){return new Promise(function(t,n){var i=setTimeout(n,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]);window.tp.push(["init",function(){tp.pianoId.loadExtendedUser({formName:e,extendedUserLoaded:function(e){clearTimeout(i),e?t(e):n(e)}})}])})},getCustomFields:function(e){for(var t={},n=0,i=e.custom_field_values;n<i.length;n++){var o=i[n],r=o.field_name,u=o.value;try{t[r]=JSON.parse(u)}catch(e){t[r]="string"==typeof u&&u?u:null}}return t},getCustomFieldValue:function(e,t){if(e.custom_field_values)for(var n=0;n<e.custom_field_values.length;n++)if(e.custom_field_values[n].field_name===t)return e.custom_field_values[n].value},setCustomFieldValue:function(e,t){var n=new FormData;return n.set(e,JSON.stringify(t)),fetch(MYSLATE_ORIGIN+"/proxies/v2/user/",{method:"POST",credentials:"include",body:n})},getPianoJwt:function(){var e=cookies.get("__utp");if(e)try{var t=atob(e.split(".")[1]);return JSON.parse(t)}catch(t){return void console.error("Error parsing __utp cookie: "+e,t)}},getPianoId:function(){var e=module.exports.getPianoJwt();if(e)return e.sub},getUser:function(){return new Promise(function(e,t){var n=setTimeout(t,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]),window.tp.push(["init",function(){try{clearTimeout(n),e(window.tp.pianoId.getUser())}catch(e){t(e)}}])})},getUserResources:function(){return new Promise(function(e,t){var n=setTimeout(t,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]),window.tp.push(["init",function(){try{window.tp.api.callApi("/access/list",{},function(t){clearTimeout(n),e(t)})}catch(e){t(e)}}])})},getConversions:function(){return new Promise(function(e,t){var n=setTimeout(t,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]),window.tp.push(["init",function(){try{window.tp.api.callApi("/conversion/list",{},function(t){clearTimeout(n),e(t)})}catch(e){t(e)}}])})},getOffer:function(e){return fetch(MYSLATE_ORIGIN+"/proxies/piano/offers/"+e+"/",{credentials:"include"}).then(function(e){return e.json()}).then(function(e){if(0!==e.code)throw new Error("Piano error. Response: "+JSON.stringify(e));return e}).catch(function(e){return console.error(e)})}};
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window.modules["72"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var syncConsent=function(e){try{var r,t=resolveIdentity();if(!t)return Promise.resolve();var n,i=e.join(",");try{n=localStorage.getItem(DEDUP_KEY)}catch(e){n=null}return n===i?Promise.resolve():Promise.resolve(get(CONSENT_ENDPOINT,{method:"POST",credentials:"include",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify((r={consent_categories:i},r[t.key]=t.value,r))})).then(function(){try{localStorage.setItem(DEDUP_KEY,i)}catch(e){}})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(927),get=_require.get,cookies=require(55),_require2=require(7),getUserEmail=_require2.getUserEmail,MYSLATE_ORIGIN=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl,CONSENT_ENDPOINT=new URL(MYSLATE_ORIGIN+"/proxies/newsletters/consent/").href,DEDUP_KEY="sailthruConsentCats";function getUrlParam(e){return new URL(location.href).searchParams.get(e)}function resolveIdentity(){var e=getUrlParam("sid");if(e)return{key:"sid",value:e};var r=getUrlParam("email");if(r)return{key:"email",value:r};var t=cookies.get("sailthru_hid");if(t)return{key:"sailthru_hid",value:t};var n=getUserEmail();return n?{key:"email",value:n}:null}module.exports={resolveIdentity:resolveIdentity,syncConsent:syncConsent};
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window.modules["74"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(r,e){try{var n=r()}catch(r){return e(r)}return n&&n.then?n.then(void 0,e):n}function hashBuff2Hex(r){return Array.from(new Uint8Array(r)).map(function(r){return r.toString(16).padStart(2,"0")}).join("")}function hashBuff2Base64(r){for(var e="",n=new Uint8Array(r),t=n.byteLength,o=0;o<t;o++)e+=String.fromCharCode(n[o]);return window.btoa(e)}var hash=function(r,n){void 0===n&&(n="base64");try{var t;if(!r)return console.error("No value passed to hash"),Promise.resolve();var o=_catch(function(){var o=(new TextEncoder).encode(r);return Promise.resolve(window.crypto.subtle.digest("SHA-256",o)).then(function(r){if("hex"===n)t=hashBuff2Hex(r);else{if("base64"!==n)throw new Error("Encoding: "+n+" not supported",e);t=hashBuff2Base64(r)}})},function(r){console.error(r)});return Promise.resolve(o&&o.then?o.then(function(r){return t}):t)}catch(r){return Promise.reject(r)}};module.exports.hash=hash;
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window.modules["75"] = [function(require,module,exports){var isObject=require(632),now=require(755),toNumber=require(754),FUNC_ERROR_TEXT="Expected a function",nativeMax=Math.max,nativeMin=Math.min;function debounce(n,i,t){var e,r,o,u,a,c,v=0,f=!1,m=!1,d=!0;if("function"!=typeof n)throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);function T(i){var t=e,o=r;return e=r=void 0,v=i,u=n.apply(o,t)}function s(n){var t=n-c;return void 0===c||t>=i||t<0||m&&n-v>=o}function b(){var n=now();if(s(n))return l(n);a=setTimeout(b,function(n){var t=i-(n-c);return m?nativeMin(t,o-(n-v)):t}(n))}function l(n){return a=void 0,d&&e?T(n):(e=r=void 0,u)}function w(){var n=now(),t=s(n);if(e=arguments,r=this,c=n,t){if(void 0===a)return function(n){return v=n,a=setTimeout(b,i),f?T(n):u}(c);if(m)return clearTimeout(a),a=setTimeout(b,i),T(c)}return void 0===a&&(a=setTimeout(b,i)),u}return i=toNumber(i)||0,isObject(t)&&(f=!!t.leading,o=(m="maxWait"in t)?nativeMax(toNumber(t.maxWait)||0,i):o,d="trailing"in t?!!t.trailing:d),w.cancel=function(){void 0!==a&&clearTimeout(a),v=0,e=c=r=a=void 0},w.flush=function(){return void 0===a?u:l(now())},w}module.exports=debounce;
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window.modules["76"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var currentState="uninitialized",pianoScriptState={setState:function(t){currentState=t},getState:function(){return currentState}};module.exports=pianoScriptState;
}, {}];
window.modules["77"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var supportJournalism=require(88);function showOffer(r){r.containerSelector.includes("#roadblock")&&supportJournalism.setParams(),window._slateCriteo.trackLandingPage()}module.exports=showOffer;
}, {"88":88}];
window.modules["78"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var slateAmplitude=require(21);function onCheckoutStateChange(e){switch(e.stateName){case"auth":slateAmplitude.track("Slate Plus: View Checkout");break;case"state2":slateAmplitude.track("Slate Plus: Payment"),window.tfaPush({notify:"subscription",name:"subscription-form-visible",sourceurl:location.href});break;case"bankSecure":slateAmplitude.track("Display 3DS Challenge")}}module.exports=onCheckoutStateChange;
}, {"21":21}];
window.modules["79"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var pianoScriptState=require(76),_require=require(3),updateModalStatus=_require.updateModalStatus,_require2=require(4),updatePaywallStatus=_require2.updatePaywallStatus,_require3=require(2),updateSophiCustomProperties=_require3.updateSophiCustomProperties;function experienceExecute(e){console.debug("🎹🗡️experienceExecute",e),pianoScriptState.setState("ready");var t=e.result.events.find(function(e){return"experienceExecute"===e.eventType});if(t){updatePaywallStatus(e),updateModalStatus(e);var a=t.eventExecutionContext,i=a.userSegments,r={};if(a.splitTests.length&&(r["Piano A/B test"]=a.splitTests.map(function(e){return e.variantName}).join(", ")),"COMPOSER1X"in i){var s;i.COMPOSER1X.segments.forEach(function(e){var t=e.split(":"),a=t[0],i=t[2];try{i=JSON.parse(i)}catch(e){}var n=["LTs","LTc","LTreg","CScore"];a=a.toLowerCase(),(n=n.map(function(e){return e.toLowerCase()})).includes(a)&&("lts"===a&&(s=i),r["piano_"+function(e){switch(e){case"cscore":return"ltconvert";default:return e}}(a)]=i)}),a.splitTests.length&&(r.piano_segment_id=[],r.piano_segment_name=[],a.splitTests.forEach(function(e){r.piano_segment_id.push(e.variantId),r.piano_segment_name.push(e.variantName)})),s&&updateSophiCustomProperties({2:s})}if(Object.keys(r).length){var n=new amplitude.Identify;for(var u in r)n.set(u,r[u]);amplitude.identify(n)}}}module.exports=experienceExecute;
}, {"2":2,"3":3,"4":4,"76":76}];
window.modules["80"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var t=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return t&&t.then?t.then(void 0,r):t}var loginSuccessHandler=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(membership.updateUser()).then(function(){var r=!1;function t(t){return r?t:(slateAmplitude.track("Account: Sign In",i),function(){if("PIANOID"===e.source){return Promise.resolve(membership.isMember()).then(function(e){var r=!1;function t(e){if(r)return e;var t=getRedirectUrl();t&&(location.href=t)}var i=function(){if(e&&isSpotifyPlus())return Promise.resolve(redirectToSpotify()).then(function(){!0})}();return i&&i.then?i.then(t):t(i)})}}())}var i={},n=function(){if(e.registration){localStorage.removeItem("show_slugs"),slateAmplitude.track("Account: Create New",i);var t=e.params.email;return Promise.resolve(getExtendedUserData("RegistrationFields")).then(function(i){function n(){var t,i=new URL(location.href);"PIANOID"!==e.source||null!=(t=e.params)&&t.email_confirmation_required||"/license"===i.pathname||(location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/account"),r=!0}var c=getCustomFieldValue(i,"marketing_opt_in"),u=function(){if(JSON.parse(c)){var e=function(){return Promise.resolve(executeRecaptcha()).then(function(e){return Promise.resolve(updateSubscriptions({subscribed:["Marketing"]},t,e)).then(function(){})})},r=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(loadRecaptcha()).then(function(){})},function(e){console.error("Error loading recaptcha in login-success.js",e)});return r&&r.then?r.then(e):e()}}();return u&&u.then?u.then(n):n()})}}();return n&&n.then?n.then(t):t(n)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},membership=require(7),_require=require(71),getCustomFieldValue=_require.getCustomFieldValue,getExtendedUserData=_require.getExtendedUserData,_require2=require(45),updateSubscriptions=_require2.updateSubscriptions,slateAmplitude=require(21),_require3=require(83),getRedirectUrl=_require3.getRedirectUrl,isSpotifyPlus=_require3.isSpotifyPlus,redirectToSpotify=_require3.redirectToSpotify,_require4=require(87),loadRecaptcha=_require4.loadRecaptcha,executeRecaptcha=_require4.executeRecaptcha;module.exports=loginSuccessHandler;
}, {"7":7,"21":21,"45":45,"71":71,"83":83,"87":87}];
window.modules["81"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var afterCheckout=function(e){try{var t=e.rid;return Promise.resolve(getGtmProps(e)).then(function(r){isPodcastRid(e.rid)&&sessionStorage.setItem(IS_PURCHASING_KEY,!0),PREMIUM_RESOURCES.includes(t)&&(window.PARSELY&&window.PARSELY.conversions.trackPurchase("Slate Plus: Purchase"),r.event="Slate_Plus_Purchase",window.dataLayer.push(r)),e.uid&&slateAmplitude.identify(e.uid,{subscription_status:"active"})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},getGtmProps=function(e){try{var t={offer_ID:e.offerId,plan_type:e.rid,term_ID:e.termId};if(e.chargeAmount){var r=e.termId,i=e.chargeCurrency,s=e.chargeAmount;t.currency=i,t.value=getValue(r,s)}return Promise.resolve(buildPageViewData()).then(function(e){var r=Object.assign({},t,{headline:e.headline,url:e.url,tags:e.tags,authors:e.authors,section:e.section,rubric:e.rubric,pub_date:e.pub_date,page_id:e.page_id,page_type:e.page_type,Nth_visit:e.Nth_visit,Nth_monthly_visit:e.Nth_monthly_visit,referrer:e.referrer,"Includes Slate Plus Roadblock":e["Includes Slate Plus Roadblock"],visitstart:e.visitstart,layoutBreakpoint:e.layoutBreakpoint,userAgent:e.userAgent,viewportWidth:e.viewportWidth});return e.signed_in_uuid&&(r.signed_in_uuid=e.signed_in_uuid),r})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(84),buildPageViewData=_require.buildPageViewData,_require2=require(7),IS_PURCHASING_KEY=_require2.IS_PURCHASING_KEY,isPodcastRid=_require2.isPodcastRid,slateAmplitude=require(21),PREMIUM_RESOURCES=["Slate_Plus_All_Access","Games"],_once=require(85);function getValue(e,t){return["TMZ329OLF0XI","TMNT9GJRUK5E","TMTZDDITIYYU","TMV0EOR4SEO6","TM378R2T3BI4","TMEWV1ER29T1","TMI8KHEYKSOH","TMB33RASHLDV"].includes(e)?64.5:["TM0096D8DJZ2","TMK2BEH4ADOY","TMAFQ14GDRDX","TM4I5I4EI1T7","TM1MW78VQYVJ","TMCGBHPEP05J"].includes(e)?74.5:t}module.exports=_once(afterCheckout);
}, {"7":7,"21":21,"84":84,"85":85}];
window.modules["82"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var afterCheckoutClose=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(function(){if("checkoutCompleted"===e.state||"voucherRedemptionCompleted"===e.state)return Promise.resolve(afterCheckout()).then(function(){isSpotifyPlus()?redirectToSpotify():location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/account"})}())}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(83),getRedirectUrl=_require.getRedirectUrl,isSpotifyPlus=_require.isSpotifyPlus,redirectToSpotify=_require.redirectToSpotify,afterCheckout=require(81);module.exports=afterCheckoutClose;
}, {"81":81,"83":83}];
window.modules["83"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var t=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return t&&t.then?t.then(void 0,r):t}var getSpotifyFeedUrls=function(){try{var e=function(e){if(r)return e;for(var t=[],o=0;o<i.length;o++)if(i[o].desktop_schemes&&i[o].desktop_schemes.length)for(var n=i[o].desktop_schemes,s=0;s<n.length;s++)"Spotify"===n[s]._name&&t.push(n[s]._url);return t},r=!1,t=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl||"https://my.slate.com",o=new URL(t);o.pathname="membership/setup_feeds/";var i,n=o.href,s=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(fetch(n,{method:"GET",credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"}}).then(function(e){return e.json()})).then(function(e){i=e})},function(e){throw Error("Error getting user feeds from Supporting Cast: "+e)});return Promise.resolve(s&&s.then?s.then(e):e(s))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},redirectToSpotify=function(e){void 0===e&&(e="/account/podcasts");try{var r=function(e){if(t)return e;location.href=o},t=!1;if(!window.confirm('You\'re about to be redirected to Spotify. Click "OK" to proceed. Click "Cancel" to sign in as another user.'))return window.tp.pianoId.logout(),location.href="/sign-in",Promise.resolve();var o=e,i=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(getSpotifyFeedUrls()).then(function(e){if(!e.length)throw new Error("No Spotify feed URLs retrieved from MySlate");o=e[0]})},function(e){console.error(e)});return Promise.resolve(i&&i.then?i.then(r):r(i))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(46),hasParam=_require.hasParam,ALLOWED_ORIGINS=["https://spotify.com","https://slate.com","https://my.slate.com",location.origin];function isValidOrigin(e){var r=new URL(e).origin;return ALLOWED_ORIGINS.includes(r)}function getRedirectUrl(){var e=new URL(location.href).searchParams.get("redirect_uri");if(e)return isValidOrigin(e)?e:(console.error("Invalid redirect origin: "+e),"/")}function isSpotifyPlus(){return"/spotify-plus"===location.pathname||"/_pages/ckw5hrtr4000pz3m9pdlxohl1.html"===location.pathame||hasParam(location.href,"spotify")}module.exports={getRedirectUrl:getRedirectUrl,isSpotifyPlus:isSpotifyPlus,redirectToSpotify:redirectToSpotify};
}, {"46":46}];
window.modules["84"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var buildPageViewData=function(){try{var e=slateAmplitude.getInstance(),t=slateAmplitude.getDomEventData(),i=new URLSearchParams(location.search),o=via.retrieve();o&&i.set("via",o),t.search="?"+i.toString();try{t.amplitude_id=e.getDeviceId()}catch(e){t.amplitude_id="no options - no deviceId"}return t.farejumper=castAsAmplitudeBool(supportJournalism.hasParams()),t.viewportWidth=document.documentElement.clientWidth,t.layoutBreakpoint=getLayoutBreakpoint(t.viewportWidth),t.userAgent=navigator.userAgent,t.colorScheme=localStorage.getItem("theme"),t.androidApp=castAsAmplitudeBool(isAndroidSession()),Promise.resolve(membership.getUserMembershipType()).then(function(e){t.plan=e,loginId&&(t.signed_in_uuid=loginId),t.chumbox_loaded=castAsAmplitudeBool(isChumBoxLoaded()),t.taboola_eligible=castAsAmplitudeBool(isTaboolaEligible()),t.visitstart=castAsAmplitudeBool(isVisitStart());var i=getVisitCounts();t.Nth_visit=i.totalVisits,t.Nth_monthly_visit=i.monthlyVisits,getAffiliateLinks().length>0&&(t["Affiliate Link"]="✅"),findComponent("product")&&(t["Product Component"]="✅");var o=findComponent("newsletter-signup");t["Includes Newsletter Signup"]=castAsAmplitudeBool(o),o&&(t["Newsletter Signup Placement"]="In Content");var r=findComponent("slate-plus-button");if(r){var n=r.querySelector(".slate-plus-button__basic");n&&(t["Slate Plus Button Component"]=n.innerText)}var a=!e&&findComponent("slate-roadblock");t["Includes Slate Plus Roadblock"]=castAsAmplitudeBool(a),findComponent("header-promo")&&(t["Includes Header Promo"]="TRUE"),t.referrer=document.referrer,getGiftToken()&&(t.referral_type="web-giftlink");var s=promolineTesting.retrieveExperimentalPromoline();s&&(t.experimental_promoline=s);var l=t.section;return l||((l=_capitalize(location.pathname.split("/")[1]).trim())||(l="Homepage"),t.section=l),window.slateAmplitudeQueue&&(window.slateAmplitudeQueue.eventData=t),t})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_once=require(85),_memoize=require(169),_capitalize=require(752),via=require(100),_require=require(923),isVisitStart=_require.isVisitStart,getVisitCounts=_require.getVisitCounts,_require2=require(922),getLayoutBreakpoint=_require2.getLayoutBreakpoint,slateAmplitude=require(21),_require3=require(101),isAndroidSession=_require3.isAndroidSession,membership=require(7),promolineTesting=require(93),supportJournalism=require(88),_require4=require(116),getGiftToken=_require4.getGiftToken,loginId=membership.getLoginId();function castAsAmplitudeBool(e){return e?"TRUE":"FALSE"}function isTaboolaLoaded(){return isTaboolaEligible()&&void 0!==window._taboola.registered}function isTaboolaEligible(){return void 0!==window._taboola}var getAffiliateLinks=_once(function(){for(var e=[],t=document.body.querySelectorAll('a[href*="amazon"]'),i=0;i<t.length;i++){var o=t[i];-1===new URL(o.href).host.indexOf("amazon")||o.matches(".product a")||e.push(o)}return e});function isChumBoxLoaded(){return isTaboolaLoaded()||!!document.querySelector(".outbrain-widget")}function findComponent(e){var t=document.body.querySelector("."+e);if(t){var i=t.dataset.uri;if(i&&i.split("/")[2]===e)return t}}module.exports.buildPageViewData=_memoize(buildPageViewData);
}, {"7":7,"21":21,"85":85,"88":88,"93":93,"100":100,"101":101,"116":116,"169":169,"752":752,"922":922,"923":923}];
window.modules["85"] = [function(require,module,exports){var before=require(750);function once(e){return before(2,e)}module.exports=once;
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window.modules["86"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.coordinateHeights=function(){var e,t,i=[],a=!1;function n(){i=i.sort(function(e,t){return t.height-e.height}),e=i[0],r(i,e.height)}function r(t,i){t.forEach(function(t){var a={offerCard:!0,isTallest:t.uid===e.uid,height:i,uid:t.uid};t.source.postMessage(a,t.origin)})}window.addEventListener("message",function(s){var u,d;s.data.offerCard&&(s.data.isResize&&i.length?r(i,s.data.height):(t=performance.now(),s.data.source=s.source,s.data.origin=s.origin,i.push(s.data),a||e||(a=!0,u=n,d=setInterval(function(){performance.now()-t>o&&(clearInterval(d),u(d))},o))))});var o=1e3};
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window.modules["87"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function loadRecaptcha(){return new Promise(function(e,t){slateGlobal.injectScript("https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LeXl6gZAAAAADIqQtfiQY8WxxgvnbZIbQV2SjHB",function(t){return function(e,t){t(!0)}(0,e)},function(e){return function(e,t){t(new Error("Error loading script "+e.target.src))}(e,t)})})}function executeRecaptcha(){return new Promise(function(e,t){window.grecaptcha.ready(function(){window.grecaptcha.execute("6LeXl6gZAAAAADIqQtfiQY8WxxgvnbZIbQV2SjHB").then(function(t){e(t)}).catch(function(e){return t(e)})})})}module.exports.loadRecaptcha=loadRecaptcha,module.exports.executeRecaptcha=executeRecaptcha;
}, {}];
window.modules["88"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(46),toUrl=_require.toUrl,_require2=require(21),afterPageview=_require2.afterPageview,hasParams=location.search.includes("support_journalism");if(hasParams){var thisUrl=toUrl(location.href);thisUrl.searchParams.delete("support_journalism"),thisUrl.searchParams.delete("pay"),history.replaceState(null,"",thisUrl.href)}exports.hasParams=function(){return hasParams},exports.setParams=function(){return Promise.resolve(afterPageview).then(function(){history.replaceState(null,"",toUrl(location.href,{pay:Date.now(),support_journalism:"please"}).href)})};
}, {"21":21,"46":46}];
window.modules["92"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.track=function(e,t,r){try{var a,i=Object.assign({},null==(a=window.slatePermutiveData)?void 0:a.page,t);i.article&&i.article.gsChannels&&delete i.article.gsChannels,window.permutive&&window.permutive.track(e,i,r)}catch(e){console.error("failed to log permutive",e)}};
}, {}];
window.modules["93"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var STORAGE_KEY="promoline-testing",_require=require(46),toUrl=_require.toUrl;function getStorageValuePrefix(e){return toUrl(e).pathname}var storedValue=localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);if(storedValue){var prefix=getStorageValuePrefix(location.href);storedValue=0===storedValue.indexOf(prefix)?storedValue.slice(prefix.length):"",localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)}function storePromoLineVariant(e,r){try{localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY,getStorageValuePrefix(r)+e)}catch(e){console.warn("failed to store promo line testing candidate",e)}}exports.trackExperimentalPromolines=function(e){var r=e.querySelector("[data-promoline-variant]:not([hidden])"),t=null==r?void 0:r.closest("a[href]");if(t){var o=function(e){storePromoLineVariant(r.innerText,t.href)};t.addEventListener("click",o),t.addEventListener("contextmenu",o),t.addEventListener("touchstart",o,{passive:!0})}},exports.retrieveExperimentalPromoline=function(){return storedValue};
}, {"46":46}];
window.modules["95"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.getCurrentBatch=getCurrentBatch;var adService=require("ads.legacy");function getCurrentBatch(e,r){var t=[];return e.forEach(function(e){e.isIntersecting&&(t.push(e.target),r.unobserve(e.target))}),t.map(createAd)}function createAd(e){return adService.createAd(e)}
}, {"ads.legacy":"ads.legacy"}];
window.modules["96"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(4),getPaywallStatus=_require.getPaywallStatus,PAYWALL_AD_BUFFER_WORDS=200,HIDE_CLASS="ad--hideForPaywall";function init(){var e=document.querySelector(".article__content");if(e){var t=Array.from(e.querySelectorAll("\n\t\t.ad--inArticleBanner,\n\t\t.ad--box\n\t")).filter(function(e){return"none"!==window.getComputedStyle(e).display});t.forEach(function(e){e.classList.add(HIDE_CLASS)}),getPaywallStatus().then(function(n){n.isPaywallDisplayed?unhideEligibleInArticleAds(t,e):unhideInArticleAds(t)})}}function unhideInArticleAds(e){e.forEach(function(e){e.classList.remove(HIDE_CLASS)})}function repositionSlotBeforePaywall(e,t,n){var r=Array.from(n.children).filter(function(e){return Boolean(e.compareDocumentPosition(t)&Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING)}).filter(function(e){return"none"!==window.getComputedStyle(e).display}).filter(function(e){return!e.className.includes("ad--exco")}),i=0,o=r.find(function(e){if(e.classList.contains("slate-paragraph")?i+=parseInt(e.dataset.wordCount,10)||0:i=0,i<PAYWALL_AD_BUFFER_WORDS)return!1;for(var t=r.slice(r.indexOf(e)+1),n=0,o=0;o<t.length;o++){var a=t[o];if(!a.classList.contains("slate-paragraph"))break;n+=parseInt(a.dataset.wordCount,10)||0}return n>=PAYWALL_AD_BUFFER_WORDS});o&&(o.getBoundingClientRect().bottom>window.innerHeight&&(o.after(e),e.classList.remove(HIDE_CLASS)))}function unhideEligibleInArticleAds(e,t){var n=t.querySelector(".slate-roadblock");if(n)for(var r,i=0,o=function(){var r=e[a];if(!Boolean(r.compareDocumentPosition(n)&Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING))return 0;for(var o=Array.from(t.children).filter(function(e){return Boolean(e.compareDocumentPosition(n)&Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_FOLLOWING)}).filter(function(e){return Boolean(e.compareDocumentPosition(r)&Node.DOCUMENT_POSITION_PRECEDING)}).filter(function(e){return"none"!==window.getComputedStyle(e).display}).filter(function(e){return!e.className.includes("ad--exco")}),l=0,s=0;s<o.length;s++){var c=o[s];if(!c.classList.contains("slate-paragraph"))break;l+=parseInt(c.dataset.wordCount,10)||0}if(l<PAYWALL_AD_BUFFER_WORDS){if(0===i)return repositionSlotBeforePaywall(r,n,t),1}else r.classList.remove(HIDE_CLASS),i++},a=0;a<e.length&&(0===(r=o())||1!==r);a++);}module.exports.inArticleAds=init;
}, {"4":4}];
window.modules["97"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.isBiddingEnabled=isBiddingEnabled;var _require=require(128),isPlusPage=_require.isPlusPage,biddingEnabled={leaderboard:!0,"leaderboard-tablet":!0,"mid-article-spot-mobile":!0,"mid-article-spot-tablet":!0,"mid-article-spot":!0,"mid-article-spot-xl":!0,"mid-article-box":!0,"mobile-outstream-video":!1,"outstream-video":!1,"outstream-video-xl":!1,"mobile-outstream-video-backfill":!0,"outstream-video-backfill":!0,"outstream-video-xl-backfill":!0,"rr-flex":!0,"rr-article-flex":!0,"mob-adhesion":!0,"hp-mob-mid":!0,"hp-mob-top":!0,"hp-leaderboard-mid":!0,"hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":!0,"hp-leaderboard-bottom":!0,"hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":!0,"hp-native-main":!1,"hp-native-flex":!0,"rr-front-flex":!0,"mobile-front":!0,"rr-podcast":!0,"podcast-headline":!1,"mobile-only-bottom":!0,"leaderboard-mobile":!1,"hp-mob-bottom":!0,"recirc-flex-left":!0,"recirc-flex-right":!0,"recirc-mob":!0};function isBiddingEnabled(e){return!isPlusPage()&&biddingEnabled[e.type]}
}, {"128":128}];
window.modules["98"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(920),isElementInViewport=_require.isElementInViewport,_require2=require(921),isElementNotHidden=_require2.isElementNotHidden,_throttle=require(770),sticky="ad--sticky-desktop",hide="ad--sticky-hide",time=3e3,maxStickyTime=5e3,leaderboard=document.querySelector(".top-ad"),taboola=document.querySelector(".taboola-recirc"),leaderboardIds=["leaderboard-1","leaderboard-tablet-1"],throttledAvoidTaboola=_throttle(avoidTaboola,200),refresh=!1,isLeaderboardSticky=!1,stickyFallbackTimeout=null;function avoidTaboola(){isLeaderboardSticky&&isElementNotHidden(taboola)&&(leaderboard.getBoundingClientRect().bottom>taboola.getBoundingClientRect().top&&done(0))}function unstick(e){var t=e.slot.getSlotElementId();leaderboardIds.includes(t)&&isLeaderboardSticky&&setTimeout(function(){leaderboard.classList.add(hide),done(1e3)},time)}function stick(e){var t=e.slot.getSlotElementId();document.querySelector("#"+t);leaderboardIds.includes(t)&&(refresh||(refresh=!0,isLeaderboardSticky=!0,leaderboard.classList.add(sticky),window.addEventListener("scroll",throttledAvoidTaboola),stickyFallbackTimeout=setTimeout(function(){isLeaderboardSticky&&(leaderboard.classList.add(hide),done(1e3))},maxStickyTime)))}function done(e){clearTimeout(stickyFallbackTimeout),setTimeout(function(){leaderboard.classList.remove(hide),leaderboard.classList.remove(sticky),isLeaderboardSticky=!1,window.removeEventListener("scroll",throttledAvoidTaboola)},e)}module.exports.enableStickyLeaderboard=function(){window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=googletag.pubads();e.addEventListener("slotOnload",function(e){return stick(e)}),e.addEventListener("impressionViewable",function(e){return unstick(e)})})};
}, {"770":770,"920":920,"921":921}];
window.modules["100"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var STORAGE_KEY="via",DELIMITER="_";function store(e){if(e.length){pageType&&e.unshift(pageType);var t=e.join(DELIMITER);try{sessionStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY,t)}catch(e){console.warn("failed to store via",e)}}else sessionStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)}exports.retrieve=function(){try{var e=sessionStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);return sessionStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY),e}catch(e){console.warn("failed to retrieve via",e)}};var pageType,PREFIXES={article:"article",homepage:"homepage","vertical front":"section","rubric front":"rubric"};function collectVias(e){var t=e.target;if(t.closest("a[href],form[action]")){var a=[];for(t=t.closest("[data-via]");t;)a.push(t.dataset.via),t=t.parentElement.closest("[data-via]");store(a)}}exports.setPageType=function(e){pageType=PREFIXES[e]},document.documentElement.addEventListener("click",collectVias),document.documentElement.addEventListener("submit",collectVias);
}, {}];
window.modules["101"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var TWA_PROTOCOL="android-app:",KEY_IS_TWA="isTrustedWebActivity",ANDROID_QUERY_PARAM="android-app",PACKAGE_NAME="com.wapo.slate.android";function isTrustedWebActivity(){var r=document.referrer&&document.referrer.trim()||"";if(0===r.length)return!1;var e=new URL(r);return e.protocol===TWA_PROTOCOL&&(e.hostname===PACKAGE_NAME||0===e.pathname.indexOf("//"+PACKAGE_NAME))}function hasAndroidSearchParam(){return!!location.search&&"1"===new URLSearchParams(location.search).get(ANDROID_QUERY_PARAM)}function isAndroidSession(){if("Y"===sessionStorage.getItem(KEY_IS_TWA))return!0;var r=isTrustedWebActivity()||hasAndroidSearchParam();return r&&sessionStorage.setItem(KEY_IS_TWA,"Y"),r}module.exports.isAndroidSession=isAndroidSession;
}, {}];
window.modules["102"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var abStringRe=new RegExp("^([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)$");function parseAbTestString(e){return abStringRe.exec(e)}function isValidAbTestString(e){return!!parseAbTestString(e)}module.exports.parseAbTestString=parseAbTestString,module.exports.isValidAbTestString=isValidAbTestString;
}, {}];
window.modules["103"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _once=require(85),slateAmplitude=require(21),_require=require(1),getArticleType=_require.getArticleType;function cb(e,t){void 0===t&&(t=!1);for(var n=window.webVitals,i=n.onCLS,r=n.onLCP,a=n.onINP,o={},c={CLS:["largestShiftTarget","largestShiftTime","largestShiftValue","loadState"],INP:["interactionTarget","interactionTime","interactionType","loadState"],LCP:["element","elementRenderDelay","url","timeToFirstByte","resourceLoadDelay","resourceLoadDuration"]},l=0,s=[i,r,a];l<s.length;l++){(0,s[l])(function(e){t&&console.debug("%cWeb Vitals: "+e.name,"background-color: mediumSeaGreen; color: white; padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 2px;",JSON.stringify(e)),o[e.name]=e.value,o[e.name+"_rating"]=e.rating;var n=c[e.name];n&&n.forEach(function(t){o[e.name+"_"+t]=e.attribution[t]}),"INP"===e.name&&"GOOD"!==e.rating&&u(o,e),o.Load_event=d(),o.article_type=getArticleType()})}var u=function(e,t){if(t.attribution.longAnimationFrameEntries.length){var n=t.attribution.longAnimationFrameEntries.sort(function(e,t){return t.blockingDuration-e.blockingDuration})[0];if(n.scripts.length){var i=n.scripts.toSorted(function(e,t){return t.duration-e.duration})[0];e[t.name+"_scriptUrl"]=i.sourceURL,e[t.name+"_invoker"]=i.invoker,e[t.name+"_invokerType"]=i.invokerType}}},d=function(){return Math.round(performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0].loadEventStart)},g=_once(function(){var t=Object.assign({},o,{version:e});slateAmplitude.track("web_vitals",t)});addEventListener("visibilitychange",function(){"hidden"===document.visibilityState&&g()}),addEventListener("pagehide",g)}module.exports.track=function(e){var t=e.dataset,n=t.version,i=t.webVitalsSampling,r=t.webVitalsUrl,a=function(e,t){slateGlobal.injectScript(r,function(){return cb(e,t)})};"true"!==new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("vitals_debug")?Math.random()>parseFloat(i)||a(n):a(n,!0)};
}, {"1":1,"21":21,"85":85}];
window.modules["114"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var slateAmplitude=require(21),slatePermutive=require(92);function getPlacement(e){return e.closest(".share-sidebar")?"sidebar":e.closest(".social-share--podcast-bottom")?"podcast-bottom":"article-bottom"}function trackShare(e){var t=e.dataset.share,a={type:t,action:e.dataset.parselyEvent,placement:getPlacement(e)};slateAmplitude.track("Clicked Social Share",a),slatePermutive.track("Social",{platform:t})}function handleSocial(e){e.preventDefault();trackShare(this),openPopupWindow(this)}function handleWebShare(e){return function(t){t.preventDefault();navigator.share&&(trackShare(this),navigator.share(e).catch(function(e){return console.log("Error sharing",e)}))}}function handleShareFallback(e,t){return function(a){var n=e.innerHTML;a.preventDefault(),navigator.clipboard.writeText(t),e.innerHTML="Copied!",setTimeout(function(){e.innerHTML=n},5e3)}}function openPopupWindow(e){var t=e.href;window.open(t,"sharewindow","toolbar=0,status=0,width=620,height=280")}function generatePayload(e,t){var a={title:"Slate",text:t||document.title,url:e};return navigator.canShare&&navigator.canShare(a)?a:null}function setupShareButton(e,t,a){var n=generatePayload(t,a);n?e.addEventListener("click",handleWebShare(n)):e.addEventListener("click",handleShareFallback(e,a+" "+t))}function handleCopyShare(e,t){var a=!1;return function(n){if(!a){a=!0;var r=t.innerHTML;n.preventDefault(),navigator.clipboard.writeText(e),t.innerHTML="LINK COPIED";var o=n.target.closest(".social-share__link--copy");o.classList.add("social-share__link--copy-success");var i=o.querySelector("svg");i&&swapIcon(i,"check"),setTimeout(function(){t.innerHTML=r,i&&swapIcon(i,"link-chain"),o.classList.remove("social-share__link--copy-success"),a=!1},5e3)}}}function swapIcon(e,t){var a=e.querySelector("use"),n=new URL(a.getAttribute("href"));n.hash=t,a.setAttribute("href",n.href)}function setupSocialShareComponentButtons(e,t,a){var n=generatePayload(t.dataset.shareUrl);n&&(t.hidden=!1,t.classList.add(e+"--mobile-only"),a.forEach(function(t){t.classList.add(e+"--desktop-only")}),t.addEventListener("click",handleWebShare(n))),a.forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",handleSocial)})}function setupCopyLinkButton(e,t){e.addEventListener("click",handleCopyShare(e.dataset.copyUrl,t))}module.exports.trackShare=trackShare,module.exports.handleSocial=handleSocial,module.exports.handleWebShare=handleWebShare,module.exports.openPopupWindow=openPopupWindow,module.exports.setupShareButton=setupShareButton,module.exports.setupSocialShareComponentButtons=setupSocialShareComponentButtons,module.exports.setupCopyLinkButton=setupCopyLinkButton;
}, {"21":21,"92":92}];
window.modules["115"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,t){try{var i=e()}catch(e){return t(e)}return i&&i.then?i.then(void 0,t):i}var giftLinkData,sharesRemaining,copyBtnClickHandler,copiedStateTimeout,onSplusCopyClick=function(e,t){try{e.preventDefault();var i=e.currentTarget,n=t.querySelector(".gift-link-box__error");return setLoadingState(i),Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(createGiftLink(location.href)).then(function(e){if(!e.success)throw new Error("Failed to create gift link");n.hidden=!0;var r=buildGiftUrl(e.article_url,e.gift_token);return Promise.resolve(navigator.clipboard.writeText(r)).then(function(){return slateAmplitude.track("Gift Story Copy"),sharesRemaining=e.shares_remaining,setSharesRemainingText(t,sharesRemaining),showGiftLinkUrl(t,r,e.expiration_date),setCopiedState(i),Promise.resolve(fetchGiftLinks()).then(function(e){giftLinkData=e})})})},function(){resetButtonState(i),n.hidden=!1}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_once=require(85),membership=require(7),slateAmplitude=require(21),_require=require(116),fetchGiftLinks=_require.fetchGiftLinks,createGiftLink=_require.createGiftLink,fetchGiftLinksOnce=_once(fetchGiftLinks);function initSplusGiftBox(e){var t=e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__btn");setSharesRemainingText(e,sharesRemaining);var i=findExistingLink(giftLinkData);if(e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__hed").textContent=i?"You already have a gift link for this story.":"Share this story with anyone, for free.",copyBtnClickHandler&&t.removeEventListener("click",copyBtnClickHandler),i){var n=buildGiftUrl(i.article_url,i.gift_token);return showGiftLinkUrl(e,n,i.expiration_date),copyBtnClickHandler=function(e){e.preventDefault(),navigator.clipboard.writeText(n),setCopiedState(t)},void t.addEventListener("click",copyBtnClickHandler)}0!==sharesRemaining?(copyBtnClickHandler=onSplusCopyClick,t.addEventListener("click",function(t){copyBtnClickHandler(t,e)})):t.disabled=!0}function setSharesRemainingText(e,t){var i=e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__txt");i.querySelector(".gift-link-box__count").textContent=t,i.querySelector(".gift-link-box__link-text").textContent=1===t?"link":"links",i.hidden=!1}function showGiftLinkUrl(e,t,i){var n=e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__link-exp");n&&(n.textContent=new Date(i).toLocaleDateString("en-US",{month:"long",day:"numeric"})),e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__valid-txt").hidden=!1}function positionGiftBox(e,t){var i=t.getBoundingClientRect(),n=window.innerWidth<768,r=i.top>window.innerHeight/2,o=!n&&i.left>window.innerWidth/2;e.classList.toggle("gift-link-box--above",r),e.classList.toggle("gift-link-box--arrow-right",o);var c=t.closest(".l-container");if(c){var a=c.getBoundingClientRect();if(e.style.setProperty("--container-width",Math.round(a.width)+"px"),n){var l=t.closest(".social-share--gift").getBoundingClientRect();e.style.left=Math.round(a.left-l.left)+"px",e.style.setProperty("--translate-x","0")}else e.style.removeProperty("left"),e.style.removeProperty("--translate-x")}var s=e.getBoundingClientRect(),u=(t.querySelector(".social-share__icon")||t).getBoundingClientRect(),f=u.left+u.width/2,d=.5*parseFloat(getComputedStyle(e).fontSize),g=o?s.right-f-d:f-s.left-d;e.style.setProperty("--arrow-offset",Math.round(g)+"px")}function findExistingLink(e){if(null!=e&&e.gift_links){var t=new Date,i=location.origin+location.pathname;return e.gift_links.find(function(e){var n=new URL(e.article_url);return n.origin+n.pathname===i&&new Date(e.expiration_date)>t})}}function buildGiftUrl(e,t){var i=new URL(e);return i.searchParams.set("gift_token",t),i.toString()}function setLoadingState(e){e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__icon").setAttribute("hidden",!0),e.querySelector(".slate-loading").hidden=!1}function setCopiedState(e){e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__copy").hidden=!0,e.querySelector(".slate-loading").hidden=!0,e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__icon").removeAttribute("hidden"),e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__copied").hidden=!1,e.classList.add("gift-link-box__btn--copied"),copiedStateTimeout=setTimeout(function(){return resetButtonState(e)},4e3)}function resetButtonState(e){e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__icon--chain").removeAttribute("hidden"),e.querySelector(".slate-loading").hidden=!0,e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__copy").hidden=!1,e.querySelector(".gift-link-box__copied").hidden=!0,e.classList.remove("gift-link-box__btn--copied")}function addRedirectUris(e){e.forEach(function(e){var t=new URL(e.href,window.location.href);t.searchParams.set("redirect_uri",location.href),e.href=t.toString()})}module.exports=function(e){try{var t=e.querySelector(".social-share--gift"),i=e.querySelector(".social-share__link--gift"),n=e.querySelector(".gift-link-box");return Promise.resolve(membership.isMember()).then(function(e){function r(){var r="social-share--gift-active",o=new ResizeObserver(function(){t.classList.contains(r)&&positionGiftBox(n,i)});function c(){t.classList.remove(r),document.removeEventListener("click",a),document.removeEventListener("keydown",l),o.disconnect(),s.disconnect(),clearTimeout(copiedStateTimeout),t.querySelector(".gift-link-box__btn")&&resetButtonState(t.querySelector(".gift-link-box__btn"))}function a(e){i.contains(e.target)||n.contains(e.target)||c()}function l(e){"Escape"===e.key&&c()}var s=new IntersectionObserver(function(e){e[0].isIntersecting||c()});i.addEventListener("click",function(){var u=!t.classList.contains(r);if(t.classList.toggle(r),u){e&&initSplusGiftBox(t),positionGiftBox(n,i),document.addEventListener("click",a),document.addEventListener("keydown",l);var f=i.closest(".l-container");o.observe(f),s.observe(n),slateAmplitude.track("Clicked Gift Story")}else c()})}var o=function(){if(e)return Promise.resolve(fetchGiftLinksOnce()).then(function(e){sharesRemaining=(giftLinkData=e).shares_remaining});addRedirectUris(t.querySelectorAll("a[href*='/plus']"))}();return o&&o.then?o.then(r):r()})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}};
}, {"7":7,"21":21,"85":85,"116":116}];
window.modules["116"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var fetchGiftLinks=function(){try{return Promise.resolve(fetch(myslateOrigin+"/giftlinks/all/",{credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"}}).then(function(e){return e.json()}).catch(function(e){return{error:e.message}}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},createGiftLink=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(fetch(myslateOrigin+"/giftlinks/",{credentials:"include",method:"POST",headers:{Accept:"application/json","Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({article_url:e})}).then(function(e){return e.json()}).catch(function(e){return console.error(e),e}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(926),myslateOrigin=_require.myslateOrigin,_require2=require(46),toUrl=_require2.toUrl,GIFT_LINK_TIMEOUT=500;function getGiftToken(){return new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("gift_token")}function redeemGiftLink(e){void 0===e&&(e="");var r=window.location.href,t=toUrl(myslateOrigin+"/giftlinks/"+e+"/",{article_url:r}),i=new AbortController,n=setTimeout(function(){return i.abort()},GIFT_LINK_TIMEOUT);return fetch(t,{credentials:"include",signal:i.signal}).then(function(e){if(clearTimeout(n),!e.ok)throw new Error;return e.json()}).catch(function(e){return clearTimeout(n),"AbortError"===e.name?(console.error("Request to redeem gift link timed out"),{valid:!0}):(console.error("Error redeeming gift link token",e),{valid:!1})})}module.exports.createGiftLink=createGiftLink,module.exports.fetchGiftLinks=fetchGiftLinks,module.exports.redeemGiftLink=redeemGiftLink,module.exports.getGiftToken=getGiftToken;
}, {"46":46,"926":926}];
window.modules["121"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _window$googletag,bqLog=require(5),criteo=require(126),_require=require(1),getArticleType=_require.getArticleType,EVENT_NAME="Ads Performance",SAMPLING=.05,eventProperties={article_type:getArticleType()};function sendRequest(){bqLog.track(EVENT_NAME,eventProperties),Math.random()<SAMPLING&&window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(e){e.track(EVENT_NAME,eventProperties)})}function getIncrementalValue(e){var t,r=convertToCents(e[0].cpm);1===e.length?t=r:t=r-convertToCents(e[1].cpm);return convertToDollars(t)}function sortBids(e){return e.sort(function(e,t){return e.cpm<t.cpm?1:-1})}function convertToCents(e){return Math.round(100*e)}function convertToDollars(e){return e/100}function roundCpm(e){return Math.round(100*e)/100}function containsLiveRampId(){var e=!1;return pbjs.getUserIds().idl_env&&(e=!0),e}function permutiveSegmentsExist(){var e=window.localStorage.getItem("_pdfps");return null!==e&&e.length>0}module.exports.leaderboardRequest=function(e){eventProperties.timeToLeaderboardRequest=e},module.exports.firstRequest=function(e){eventProperties.timeToFirstAdRequest=e},module.exports.firstAdLoaded=function(e,t){eventProperties.timeToFirstAdLoad=e,eventProperties.campaignId=t,sendRequest()},module.exports.prebidWinner=function(e){var t=sortBids(e),r=t[0];bqLog.track("Prebid Winning Bid",{bidder:r.bidder,cpm:roundCpm(r.cpm),adUnit:r.adUnitCode,incrementalValue:getIncrementalValue(t),liveRampId:containsLiveRampId(),criteoEmail:criteo.hashedEmailIncluded,permutiveSegments:permutiveSegmentsExist()})},module.exports.noPrebidBids=function(e){bqLog.track("Prebid No Bids",{adUnit:e,liveRampId:containsLiveRampId()})};var firstAdLoaded=!1;null==(_window$googletag=window.googletag)||_window$googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e;null==(e=window.googletag)||e.pubads().addEventListener("slotResponseReceived",function(){firstAdLoaded||(bqLog.track("Page View with Ads"),firstAdLoaded=!0)})});
}, {"1":1,"5":5,"126":126}];
window.modules["122"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function getAdNode(){var e=document.querySelector("div[data-adnode]"),t="";return e&&(t=e.getAttribute("data-adnode")),t}Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.getAdNode=getAdNode;
}, {}];
window.modules["123"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.sizes={"mid-article-spot":{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[455,256],[300,250],[300,251],[325,204],[620,366],[1,3]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250],[325,204],[620,366]]},"mid-article-spot-xl":{adserver:[[728,90],[455,256],[300,250],[300,251],[325,204],[620,366]],bidding:[[728,90],[300,250],[325,204],[620,366]]},"mid-article-spot-tablet":{adserver:[[728,90],[300,250],[455,256],[300,251],[1,3],[325,204],[620,366]],bidding:[[728,90],[300,250],[325,204],[620,366]]},"mid-article-box":{adserver:[[300,250]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"mid-article-spot-mobile":{adserver:[[300,250],[300,251],[1,3],[325,508],[325,204]],bidding:[[300,250],[325,508],[325,204]]},"mobile-only-bottom":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},leaderboard:{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]]},"leaderboard-tablet":{adserver:[[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[728,90]]},"leaderboard-mobile":{adserver:[[320,100],[320,50]],bidding:[[320,100],[320,50]]},"rr-flex":{adserver:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],bidding:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]},"hp-leaderboard-mid":{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]]},"hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":{adserver:[[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[728,90]]},"hp-mob-mid":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"hp-leaderboard-bottom":{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]]},"hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":{adserver:[[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[728,90]]},"hp-mob-bottom":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"hp-native-main":{adserver:[[1,2]],bidding:[]},"hp-native-flex":{adserver:[[1,2],[300,250]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"hp-mob-top":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"rr-front-flex":{adserver:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],bidding:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]},"mobile-front":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"rr-podcast":{adserver:[[300,250]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"podcast-headline":{adserver:[[1,4]],bidding:[]},"rr-article-flex":{adserver:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],bidding:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]},"mob-adhesion":{adserver:[[320,50]],bidding:[[320,50]]}};
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window.modules["124"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.getSlotData=getSlotData,exports.saveSlotData=saveSlotData;var allSlotsData={};function saveSlotData(t){allSlotsData[t.id]=t}function getSlotData(t){return allSlotsData[t]}
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window.modules["125"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var GAM_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH=40;function sanitizeWatsonCategorySegment(e){return e&&"string"==typeof e?e.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g,"_").replace(/^_|_$/g,"").slice(0,GAM_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH):""}function expandWatsonCategoryLabel(e){return e&&"string"==typeof e?e.split("/").map(sanitizeWatsonCategorySegment).filter(Boolean):[]}function getRawWatsonCategories(){var e=document.querySelector(".js-watson-categories");if(!e)return[];try{var t=JSON.parse(e.textContent);return Array.isArray(t)?t:[]}catch(e){return[]}}function getWatsonCategoriesForGam(){for(var e=new Set,t=[],a=0,r=getRawWatsonCategories();a<r.length;a++)for(var n=0,o=expandWatsonCategoryLabel(r[a]);n<o.length;n++){var s=o[n];e.has(s)||(e.add(s),t.push(s))}return t}module.exports={GAM_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH:GAM_VALUE_MAX_LENGTH,sanitizeWatsonCategorySegment:sanitizeWatsonCategorySegment,expandWatsonCategoryLabel:expandWatsonCategoryLabel,getWatsonCategoriesForGam:getWatsonCategoriesForGam};
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window.modules["126"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(7),getUserEmail=_require.getUserEmail,_require2=require(74),hash=_require2.hash,hashedEmailIncluded=!1;module.exports.zoneIds={leaderboard:"1157134","leaderboard-tablet":"1157133","mid-article-spot-mobile":"1157131","hp-mob-mid":"1157131","hp-mob-top":"1157131","mobile-outstream-video-backfill":"1157131","mobile-only-bottom":"1157131","hp-mob-bottom":"1157131","recirc-mob":"1157131","mid-article-spot-tablet":"1157133","mid-article-spot":"1157134","mid-article-spot-xl":"1157134","outstream-video-backfill":"1157134","outstream-video-xl-backfill":"1157134","mid-article-box":"1157131","hp-native-flex":"1157131","rr-flex":"1157132","rr-article-flex":"1157132","recirc-flex-left":"1157132","recirc-flex-right":"1157132","mobile-front":"1157131","rr-podcast":"1157131","rr-front-flex":"1157132","hp-leaderboard-mid":"1157134","hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":"1157133","hp-leaderboard-bottom":"1157134","hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":"1157133","mob-adhesion":"1362447"},module.exports.syncEmail=function(){try{var e=getUserEmail();return e?Promise.resolve(hash(e,"hex")).then(function(e){e&&(pbjs.que.push(function(){pbjs.setBidderConfig({bidders:["criteo"],config:{ortb2:{user:{ext:{data:{eids:[{source:"slate.com",uids:[{id:e,atype:3,ext:{stype:"hemsha256"}}]}]}}}}}})}),hashedEmailIncluded=!0)}):Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},module.exports.hashedEmailIncluded=hashedEmailIncluded;
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window.modules["127"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var getEmailHashFromMembership=function(){try{var e=getUserEmail();return Promise.resolve(e&&hash(e,"hex"))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(74),hash=_require.hash,_require2=require(7),getUserEmail=_require2.getUserEmail,EMAIL_HASH_PARAMS={sha256:"email",md5:"email2",sha1:"email3"};for(var type in EMAIL_HASH_PARAMS)localStorage.removeItem("email."+type);function getEmailHashesFromUrl(){var e=new URL(document.location).searchParams;return Object.values(EMAIL_HASH_PARAMS).map(function(r){return e.get(r)})}exports.getEmailHashes=function(){try{var e=getEmailHashesFromUrl();return Promise.resolve(getEmailHashFromMembership()).then(function(r){if(r){var t=Object.keys(EMAIL_HASH_PARAMS).indexOf("sha256");e[t]=r}return e.filter(function(e){return!!e})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}};
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window.modules["128"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var isMember=require(7).isMemberSkipLookup(),slotsToExclude=["mid-article-spot-mobile-2","mid-article-spot-mobile-4","mid-article-spot-tablet-2","mid-article-spot-tablet-4","mid-article-spot-2","mid-article-spot-4","mid-article-spot-xl-2","mid-article-spot-xl-4","mob-adhesion-1"];function hideSlot(e){document.querySelector("#"+e).parentElement.setAttribute("hidden","")}var isPlusPage=function(){var e=document.querySelector(".article");return!!e&&e.classList.contains("article--plus")},checkIfHiddenForPlus=function(e){isMember&&slotsToExclude.includes(e)&&hideSlot(e)};module.exports.isPlusPage=isPlusPage,module.exports.checkIfHiddenForPlus=checkIfHiddenForPlus;
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window.modules["129"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var handlePaywallCheck=function(){try{return getPaywallStatus().then(function(e){e.isPaywallDisplayed||injectExcoPlayerScript()}),Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},shouldLoadExco=function(){try{return document.querySelector(EXCO_CONTAINER_SELECTOR)?Promise.resolve(membership.isMember()).then(function(e){return!e}):Promise.resolve(!1)}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},membership=require(7),slateAmplitude=require(21),_require=require(4),getPaywallStatus=_require.getPaywallStatus,EXCO_CONTAINER_SELECTOR=".ad--exco",EXCO_PLAYER_SCRIPT_CLASS="exco-player",EXCO_PLAYER_URL="//player.ex.co/player/8b7b2bed-5b69-4d70-82d5-aa335c8abe6c";function injectExcoPlayerScript(){var e=document.createElement("script");e.className=EXCO_PLAYER_SCRIPT_CLASS,e.src=EXCO_PLAYER_URL;var r=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];r.parentNode.insertBefore(e,r)}module.exports=function(){return Promise.resolve(shouldLoadExco()).then(function(e){if(e)return Promise.resolve(handlePaywallCheck()).then(function(){});!0})};
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window.modules["130"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var setPublisherProvidedId=function(){try{return/usprivacy=\d+[YN]Y/.test(document.cookie)?Promise.resolve():Promise.resolve(getPpid()).then(function(e){e&&window.googletag.pubads().setPublisherProvidedId(e)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},getPpid=function(){try{var e=getSlateUuid();return e?Promise.resolve(hash(e,"hex")):Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(74),hash=_require.hash;function getSlateUuid(){var e=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )slate-uuid=([^;]*)/);return e?decodeURIComponent(e[1]):void 0}module.exports={getSlateUuid:getSlateUuid,getPpid:getPpid,setPublisherProvidedId:setPublisherProvidedId};
}, {"74":74}];
window.modules["131"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(128),checkIfHiddenForPlus=_require.checkIfHiddenForPlus;module.exports.assignIds=function(){var e={};Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".slate-ad")).forEach(function(r){var t=r.querySelector(".slate-ad__creative"),u=t.getAttribute("data-type");e[u]||(e[u]=1),t.id=u+"-"+e[u],e[u]++,checkIfHiddenForPlus(t.id)})};
}, {"128":128}];
window.modules["132"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var bqLog=require(5),_require=require(7),isMemberSkipLookup=_require.isMemberSkipLookup,_require2=require(1),getArticleType=_require2.getArticleType,pianoScriptState=require(76),SAMPLING=1;window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]};var init=function(){var e=Math.random()<SAMPLING,t=0,i=!1;e&&(window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotOnload",function(e){e.isEmpty||t++})}),addEventListener("visibilitychange",function(){var e;"hidden"!==document.visibilityState||i||(bqLog.track("Page View Summary",{adImpressions:t,pageType:getPageType(),paywall:isPaywallDisplayed(),timeOnPage:getTimeOnPage(),htmlResponseTime:getHtmlResponseTime(),isMember:isMemberSkipLookup(),articleType:getArticleType(),adSlots:getAdSlots(),pianoScript:pianoScriptState.getState(),testGroup:null!=(e=window.slateGlobal.abTests.taboolaLayoutTest)?e:null},{keepalive:!0}),i=!0)}))},isPaywallDisplayed=function(){return 0!==document.querySelectorAll(".piano-paywall-visible").length},getPageType=function(){return document.querySelector(".js-analytics-js-data").getAttribute("data-pagetype").replace(" ","-")},getTimeOnPage=function(){return Math.round(performance.now()/1e3)},getHtmlResponseTime=function(){var e=performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0];return e?Math.round(e.responseEnd):null},getAdSlots=function(){return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".slate-ad")).filter(function(e){return"none"!=window.getComputedStyle(e).display}).length};module.exports=init;
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window.modules["133"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.enableAdRefresh=enableAdRefresh;var _require=require(920),isElementInViewport=_require.isElementInViewport,_require2=require(921),isElementNotHidden=_require2.isElementNotHidden,_require3=require(124),getSlotData=_require3.getSlotData,headerBidding=require("headerbidding.legacy"),adSlotsWithRefresh={};function enableAdRefresh(){window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded",function(e){var t,i,n=e.slot,r=n.getSlotElementId(),d=window.document.getElementById(r),o=[].concat(null!=(t=null==(i=n.getConfig("targeting").targeting)?void 0:i.hb_bidder)?t:[]),s=getSize(e);s&&refreshEnabled(s,r,o)&&!adSlotsWithRefresh[r]&&(updateSlotTargeting(n),addRefreshToSlot(n,getSlotData(r),d),adSlotsWithRefresh[r]=!0)})}function addRefreshToSlot(e,t,i){var n=getRefreshInterval(t);setInterval(function(){adIsInView(i)&&headerBidding.init([t],!0)},n)}function getRefreshInterval(e){return"mob-adhesion-1"===e.id?45e3:3e4}function refreshEnabled(e,t,i){return"1x2"!==e&&"1x3"!==e&&"1x4"!==e&&"300x251"!==e&&!isStickyKargoAd(e,t,i)}function adIsInView(e){return!!window.document.hasFocus()&&(isElementInViewport(e)&&isElementNotHidden(e))}function isStickyKargoAd(e,t,i){return"mob-adhesion-1"===t&&"1x1"===e&&"kargo"===i[0]}function updateSlotTargeting(e){e.setConfig({targeting:{hb_adid:null,hb_bidder:null,hb_pb:null,hb_size:null,refresh:"yes"}})}var getSize=function(e){return null!==e.size&&("string"==typeof e.size?e.size:e.size[0]+"x"+e.size[1])};
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window.modules["134"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function slotSupportsOutstream(t){return["mid-article-spot","mid-article-spot-xl","mid-article-spot-tablet","mid-article-spot-mobile"].includes(t)}Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.slotSupportsOutstream=slotSupportsOutstream;
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window.modules["135"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var CUSTOMER_ID="8CUJ4WHD7",getPlacementId=function(e){return"leaderboard"===e.type||"hp-leaderboard-mid"===e.type||"hp-leaderboard-bottom"===e.type?"758323937":"mid-article-spot"===e.type||"mid-article-spot-xl"===e.type?"321035740":"rr-article-flex"===e.type||"rr-flex"===e.type||"rr-front-flex"===e.type?"116830225":"mid-article-box"===e.type||"hp-mob-mid"===e.type||"hp-mob-top"===e.type||"hp-mob-bottom"===e.type||"hp-native-flex"===e.type||"rr-podcast"===e.type||"mobile-front"===e.type||"mid-article-spot-mobile"===e.type?"833659296":"mob-adhesion"===e.type?"225057367":(console.log("no placement id found for ad type",e.type),null)};module.exports={CUSTOMER_ID:CUSTOMER_ID,getPlacementId:getPlacementId};
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window.modules["136"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.inventoryCodes=void 0;var inventoryCodes=exports.inventoryCodes={"mid-article-spot-mobile":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","hp-mob-mid":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","hp-mob-top":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","mobile-outstream-video-backfill":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","mobile-only-bottom":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","hp-mob-bottom":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","recirc-mob":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","mob-adhesion":"slate_320x50_hdx_prebid","mid-article-spot-tablet":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","mid-article-spot":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","mid-article-spot-xl":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","outstream-video-backfill":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","outstream-video-xl-backfill":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","mid-article-box":"slate_dm_inline_rec_pb","hp-native-flex":"slate_dm_inline_rec_pb","rr-flex":"slate_d_rrail_largerec_pb","rr-article-flex":"slate_d_rrail_largerec_pb","recirc-flex-left":"slate_d_rrail_largerec_pb","recirc-flex-right":"slate_d_rrail_largerec_pb","mobile-front":"Slate_NonArticle_Mobile_Prebid","rr-podcast":"Slate_NonArticle_Mobile_Prebid","rr-front-flex":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid","hp-leaderboard-mid":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid","hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid","hp-leaderboard-bottom":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid","hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid"};
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window.modules["137"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.domain=void 0,exports.getUnit=getUnit;var domain=exports.domain="slate-d.openx.net";function getUnit(){var e;switch(window.location.href.split("/")[3]){case"news-and-politics":e="557570604";break;case"culture":e="557570603";break;case"technology":e="557570606";break;case"business":e="557570607";break;case"human-interest":e="557570605";break;case"":e="557570601";break;default:e="557570602"}return e}
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window.modules["138"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.videoSize=exports.oustreamRubrics=exports.displaySizes=void 0;var videoSize=exports.videoSize=[[300,250]],displaySizes=exports.displaySizes={leaderboard:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]],"leaderboard-tablet":[[728,90]],"mid-article-spot-mobile":[[300,250]],"hp-mob-mid":[[300,250]],"hp-mob-top":[[300,250]],"mobile-outstream-video-backfill":[[300,250]],"mobile-only-bottom":[[300,250]],"hp-mob-bottom":[[300,250]],"recirc-mob":[[300,250]],"mid-article-spot-tablet":[[728,90],[300,250]],"mid-article-spot":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250]],"mid-article-spot-xl":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250]],"outstream-video-backfill":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250]],"outstream-video-xl-backfill":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250]],"mid-article-box":[[300,250]],"hp-native-flex":[[300,250]],"rr-flex":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"rr-article-flex":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"recirc-flex-left":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"recirc-flex-right":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"mobile-front":[[300,250]],"rr-podcast":[[300,250]],"rr-front-flex":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"hp-leaderboard-mid":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]],"hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":[[728,90]],"hp-leaderboard-bottom":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]],"hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":[[728,90]],"mob-adhesion":[[320,50]]},oustreamRubrics=exports.oustreamRubrics=["culture/books","news_and_politics/jurisprudence","news_and_politics/the_slatest","human_interest/dear_prudence","business/the_media"];
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window.modules["139"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.adSlot=adSlot,exports.publisherId=void 0;var publisherId=exports.publisherId="161864";function adSlot(){var e;switch(window.location.href.split("/")[3]){case"news-and-politics":e="4456585";break;case"culture":e="4456584";break;case"technology":e="4456587";break;case"business":e="4456588";break;case"human-interest":e="4456586";break;case"":e="4456582";break;default:e="4456583"}return e}
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window.modules["ad-lightning.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.loadBoltive=function(){return new Promise(function(t,e){slateGlobal.injectScript("https://tagan.adlightning.com/slate/op.js",t,e)})};
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window.modules["headerbidding.legacy"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var adData,triplelift=require(136),amazon=require(138),pubmatic=require(139),kargo=require(140),criteo=require(126),openx=require(137),medianet=require(135),metrics=require(121),_require=require(122),getAdNode=_require.getAdNode,_require2=require(134),slotSupportsOutstream=_require2.slotSupportsOutstream,HARD_TIMEOUT=2500;function init(e,i){(adData=e).isRefreshing=i,adData.biddersManager={adserverRequestSent:!1,prebid:!1,amazon:!1},window.slateCMP.TCF.ready.then(function(e){requestBidsFromExchanges()}),setTimeout(function(){googletag.cmd.push(function(){defineGptSlot(adData),callAdServer(adData)})},HARD_TIMEOUT)}function requestBidsFromExchanges(){getBidsFromPrebidExchanges(),getBidsFromAmazon()}function getBidsFromPrebidExchanges(){var e=[],i=[];adData.forEach(function(t){e.push(createPrebidAdUnit(t)),i.push(t.id)}),pbjs.que.push(function(){pbjs.addAdUnits(e);var t=adData;pbjs.requestBids({adUnitCodes:i,bidsBackHandler:function(){googletag.cmd.push(function(){pbjs.que.push(function(){t.forEach(function(e){var i=pbjs.getBidResponsesForAdUnitCode(e.id).bids;i.length?metrics.prebidWinner(i):metrics.noPrebidBids(e.id)}),defineGptSlot(t),pbjs.setTargetingForGPTAsync(e.map(function(e){return e.code})),t.forEach(function(e){return pbjs.removeAdUnit(e.id)}),t.biddersManager.prebid=!0,bidderFinished(t)})})}})})}function getBidsFromAmazon(){var e=document.querySelector("#amazon-aps"),i=[];adData.forEach(function(e){return i.push(createApsAdUnit(e))});var t=adData;apstag&&apstag.fetchBids({slots:i,timeout:e.bidderTimeout},function(e){googletag.cmd.push(function(){defineGptSlot(t),apstag.setDisplayBids(),t.biddersManager.amazon=!0,bidderFinished(t)})})}function bidderFinished(e){e.biddersManager.amazon&&e.biddersManager.prebid&&callAdServer(e)}function callAdServer(e){if(!e.biddersManager.adserverRequestSent){e.biddersManager.adserverRequestSent=!0;var i=[];e.forEach(function(e){return i.push(e.gptSlot)}),googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().refresh(i,{changeCorrelator:!1})})}}function defineGptSlot(e){e.forEach(function(e){e.gptSlot||e.defineSlot()})}function createPrebidAdUnit(e){var i={sizes:e.prebidSizes};return{code:e.id,ortb2Imp:{ext:{gpid:e.gpid}},mediaTypes:{banner:i},bids:getBidders(e)}}function getBidders(e){var i=[];i.push(rubicon(e)),i.push(openxBidder()),i.push(pubmaticBidder());for(var t=0;t<e.prebidSizes.length;t++){var r=index(e.prebidSizes[t],e);i.push(r)}(i.push(taboola(e)),triplelift.inventoryCodes[e.type]&&i.push(tripleliftBidder(e)),isConcertAdAllowed(e.type)&&i.push(concert(e)),kargo.placementIds[e.type])&&("mob-adhesion"===e.type&&adData.isRefreshing||i.push(kargoBidder(e)));return criteo.zoneIds[e.type]&&i.push(criteoBidder()),i.push(ttd(e)),isTeadsAllowed(e.type)&&i.push(teads()),i.push(medianetBidder(e)),i}function createApsAdUnit(e){var i={};"mob-adhesion"===e.type&&(i.ggProduct="inScreen");var t={slotID:e.id,slotName:e.adUnit};return amazon.oustreamRubrics.includes(getAdNode())&&slotSupportsOutstream(e.type)?(t.mediaType="multi-format",t.multiFormatProperties={display:{sizes:amazon.displaySizes[e.type]},video:{sizes:amazon.videoSize}}):(t.sizes=amazon.displaySizes[e.type],t.slotParams=i),t}function rubicon(e){return{bidder:"rubicon",params:{accountId:"13590",siteId:"60302",zoneId:e.rubiconZoneId}}}function criteoBidder(){return{bidder:"criteo",params:{networkId:"7462"}}}function index(e,i){return{bidder:"ix",params:{siteId:i.indexSiteId,size:e}}}function kargoBidder(e){return{bidder:"kargo",params:{placementId:kargo.placementIds[e.type]}}}function tripleliftBidder(e){return{bidder:"triplelift",params:{inventoryCode:triplelift.inventoryCodes[e.type]}}}function concert(e){return{bidder:"concert",params:{partnerId:"slate",site:"slate.com",placementId:e.id,slot:e.type}}}function pubmaticBidder(){return{bidder:"pubmatic",params:{publisherId:pubmatic.publisherId,adSlot:pubmatic.adSlot()}}}function openxBidder(){return{bidder:"openx",params:{delDomain:openx.domain,unit:openx.getUnit()}}}function ttd(){return{bidder:"ttd",params:{supplySourceId:"slate",publisherId:"1"}}}function teads(){return{bidder:"teads",params:{pageId:"166966",placementId:"181798"}}}function taboola(e){return{bidder:"taboola",params:{tagId:e.id,publisherId:"1719911"}}}function medianetBidder(e){return{bidder:"medianet",params:{cid:medianet.CUSTOMER_ID,crid:medianet.getPlacementId(e)}}}function isConcertAdAllowed(e){return"mid-article-spot"===e||"mid-article-spot-xl"===e||"mid-article-spot-tablet"===e||"mid-article-spot-mobile"===e}function isTeadsAllowed(e){return"mid-article-spot"===e||"mid-article-spot-xl"===e||"mid-article-spot-tablet"===e||"mid-article-spot-mobile"===e}module.exports.init=init;
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window.modules["onetrust.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var membership=require(7),pianoService=require(71);window.addEventListener("OneTrustGroupsUpdated",function(e){try{if(!membership.isLoggedIn())return Promise.resolve();var t,n=e.detail.join(",");try{t=localStorage.getItem("pianoConsentCats")}catch(e){t=null}return t===n?Promise.resolve():Promise.resolve(pianoService.getExtendedUserData("consent_management")).then(function(e){var r=pianoService.getCustomFields(e).consent_categories;if(!t)try{localStorage.setItem("pianoConsentCats",JSON.stringify(r))}catch(e){}if(n!==r){pianoService.setCustomFieldValue("consent_categories",n);try{localStorage.setItem("pianoConsentCats",n)}catch(e){}}})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}});var _require=require(72),syncConsent=_require.syncConsent;window.addEventListener("OneTrustGroupsUpdated",function(e){syncConsent(e.detail).catch(function(e){console.error("failed to sync consent to sailthru",e)})});
}, {"7":7,"71":71,"72":72}];
window.modules["analytics-js-loader.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var initCriteo=require(17),initParsely=require(18),initSailthru=require(15),loadAmplitudeSdk=require(16),bqLog=require(5);module.exports=function(e){var i,n=parseInt(localStorage.getItem("pv_count")||"0")+1;localStorage.setItem("pv_count",n),bqLog.track("Page View",{ab_taboola_layout_test:null!=(i=window.slateGlobal.abTests.taboolaLayoutTest)?i:null,pv_count:n}),void 0===e.dataset.disableClientJs&&(loadAmplitudeSdk(),window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("amplitude",{categories:["C0002"],initFunc:function(i){var n,t=e.dataset.amplitudeApiKey;try{n=window.amplitude.Types.LogLevel[e.dataset.amplitudeLogLevel]}catch(i){n={0:"None",1:"Error",2:"Warn",3:"Verbose",4:"Debug",None:0,Error:1,Warn:2,Verbose:3,Debug:4}[e.dataset.amplitudeLogLevel]}var a={logLevel:n,domain:e.dataset.amplitudeDomain,defaultTracking:{pageViews:!1,sessions:!0}},o=e.dataset.amplitudeReplaySampleRate;return Math.random()<Number.parseFloat(o)&&slateGlobal.injectScript("https://cdn.amplitude.com/libs/plugin-session-replay-browser-1.13.0-min.js.gz",function(){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(){var e=window.sessionReplay.plugin({forceSessionTracking:!0,sampleRate:1});window.amplitude.add(e)})}),window.amplitude.init(t,null,a).promise.then(function(){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.init(window.amplitude,i)}).catch(function(e){console.error("Error initializing Amplitude",e)}),!0},updateConsentFunc:function(e){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(i){i.setOptOut(!e)})}}),initParsely(e.dataset.parselyScriptSrc),window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("linkedin",{categories:["C0002"],initFunc:function(e){return!!e&&(window._linkedin_partner_id="7215236",window._linkedin_data_partner_ids=window._linkedin_data_partner_ids||[],window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(window._linkedin_partner_id),window.lintrk=window.lintrk||function(e,i){window.lintrk.q.push([e,i])},window.lintrk.q=window.lintrk.q||[],slateGlobal.injectScript("https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"),!0)},updateConsentFunc:function(e){if(e)window.nonIabVendorApi.vendors.linkedin.initFunc(e);else{var i=document.querySelector('script[src*="insight.min.js"]');i&&i.remove(),delete window._linkedin_partner_id,delete window._linkedin_data_partner_ids,delete window.lintrk}}}),initCriteo(),initSailthru(e.dataset.sailthruCustomerId))};
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window.modules["slate-ad-aps.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var syncEmailWithAps=function(){try{var e=membership.getUserEmail();return e?Promise.resolve(hash(e,"hex")).then(function(e){e&&(null==window.apstag.rpa||window.apstag.rpa({hashedRecords:[{type:"email",record:e}]}))}):Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},membership=require(7),_require=require(74),hash=_require.hash;try{window.__uspapi("getUSPData",1,function(e,r){var t={si_section:getApsSection()};r&&(t.us_privacy=e.uspString),window.slateCMP.TCF.ready.then(function(){window.apstag&&window.apstag.init({pubID:"3075",adServer:"googletag",params:t,deals:!0,gdpr:{cmpTimeout:200}}),syncEmailWithAps()})})}catch(e){console.warn("__uspapi failed",e)}function getApsSection(){var e=document.querySelector("div[data-adnode]"),r="";return e&&(r=e.getAttribute("data-adnode")),r.replace("/"," ").replace(/_/g," ")}
}, {"7":7,"74":74}];
window.modules["taboola-head.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function loadTaboola(){var o;window._taboola=window._taboola||[];var e,t,a,n=document.querySelector(".taboola-head").dataset.type;_taboola.push(((o={})[n]="auto",o)),e=document.createElement("script"),t=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],a="tb_loader_script",document.getElementById(a)||(e.async=1,e.src="//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/slate1-network/loader.js",e.id=a,t.parentNode.insertBefore(e,t)),window.performance&&"function"==typeof window.performance.mark&&window.performance.mark("tbl_ic")}module.exports=function(){loadTaboola()};
}, {}];
window.modules["global-footer.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var onboarding=require(57);module.exports=function(i){onboarding.init()};
}, {"57":57}];
window.modules["piano-mount.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _debounce=require(75),_require=require(22),isSlatePianoEvent=_require.isSlatePianoEvent,pianoInitPromise=_require.pianoInitPromise,LOADING_CLASS="piano-mount--loading",ERROR_CLASS="piano-mount--error";function waitForPiano(e){e.classList.add(LOADING_CLASS);var i=function(e){isSlatePianoEvent(e)&&t()},t=_debounce(function(){e.classList.remove(LOADING_CLASS,ERROR_CLASS),window.removeEventListener("message",i),clearTimeout(n);var t=e.querySelector("iframe");t&&(t.getAttribute("aria-label")||t.title||t.setAttribute("aria-label","Slate Plus subscription offer"))},200);window.addEventListener("message",i);var n=setTimeout(function(){e.classList.remove(LOADING_CLASS),e.classList.add(ERROR_CLASS)},3e4)}module.exports=function(e){pianoInitPromise.then(function(){waitForPiano(e)}).catch(function(i){e.classList.add(ERROR_CLASS),e.querySelector(".piano-mount__error-message").textContent="You will need to relax strict tracking protection in your browser to continue."})};
}, {"22":22,"75":75}];
window.modules["masthead.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var menu,membership=require(7),dropdown=require(64),initializeThemePicker=require(65),_require=require(22),isSlatePianoEvent=_require.isSlatePianoEvent,setResponseVariable=require(23);function toggleMenu(e){(menu=menu||e.target.closest(".menu")).classList.toggle("menu--open"),document.documentElement.classList.toggle("menu-open",menu.classList.contains("menu--open"))}function addRedirectParam(e){var t=new URL(location.href).searchParams.get("redirect_uri"),r=new URL(e.currentTarget.href),n=t||location.href;r.searchParams.set("redirect_uri",n),e.currentTarget.href=r.toString()}function injectPianoVariables(e,t){var r,n=t.desktopMastheadText,i=t.desktopMastheadUrl,a=t.mobileMastheadText,o=t.mobileMastheadUrl,s=t.iconUrl;(r=e.querySelector(".js-account--subscribe"))&&(r.hidden=!1),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-href='desktopMastheadUrl']"))&&(r.href=i),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-href='mobileMastheadUrl']"))&&(r.href=o),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-html='desktopMastheadText']"))&&r.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","<span>"+n+"</span>"),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-icon-href='iconUrl']"))&&r.setAttribute("href",s),(r=e.querySelector("[data-piano-html='mobileMastheadText']"))&&(r.textContent=a)}function getVisibleSelectors(){return{signedOut:["mobile-subscribe","sign-in"],signedIn:["mobile-subscribe","account","sign-out"]}[membership.isLoggedIn()?"signedIn":"signedOut"]}module.exports=function(e){for(var t=getVisibleSelectors(),r=0;r<t.length;r++){var n=".js-account--"+t[r];document.querySelectorAll(n).forEach(function(e){return e.hidden=!1})}e.querySelectorAll(".js-toggle-menu").forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",toggleMenu)}),e.querySelectorAll(".js-redirect-return").forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",addRedirectParam)}),dropdown(e),initializeThemePicker(e),setResponseVariable.onResponseVariables(function(t){t.masthead&&injectPianoVariables(e,t)}),window.addEventListener("message",function(e){if(isSlatePianoEvent(e)&&"redirect"===e.data.type){var t=e.data.path,r=document.location.href,n=new URL(t,window.location.origin);n.searchParams.append("redirect_uri",r),window.location.href=n}})};
}, {"7":7,"22":22,"23":23,"64":64,"65":65}];
window.modules["slate-analytics-js.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var logUserProperties=function(e){var i={};return Promise.resolve(setMemberStatusUserProp(i)).then(function(){setUserLoginId(i),setAndroidAppUserProp(i);var r=new e.Identify;for(var t in i)r.set(t,i[t]);return e.identify(r)})},setMemberStatusUserProp=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(membership.getUserMembershipType()).then(function(i){i&&(e.plan=i)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},logPageView=function(){try{return Promise.resolve(buildPageViewData()).then(function(e){var i=e.page_type,r=e.section;logSophiPageview(i,r),slateAmplitude.page(e)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(84),buildPageViewData=_require.buildPageViewData,_once=require(85),Cookies=require(55),via=require(100),slateAmplitude=require(21),slatePermutive=require(92),_require2=require(101),isAndroidSession=_require2.isAndroidSession,membership=require(7),_require3=require(102),isValidAbTestString=_require3.isValidAbTestString,webVitals=require(103),_require4=require(2),logSophiPageview=_require4.logSophiPageview,updateSophiCustomProperties=_require4.updateSophiCustomProperties,loginId=membership.getLoginId(),getAffiliateLinks=_once(function(){for(var e=[],i=document.body.querySelectorAll('a[href*="amazon"]'),r=0;r<i.length;r++){var t=i[r];-1===new URL(t.href).host.indexOf("amazon")||t.matches(".product a")||e.push(t)}return e});function trackAffiliateLinks(){getAffiliateLinks().forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",function(e){slateAmplitude.track("Click - Affiliate Link")})})}function setUserLoginId(e){loginId&&(e.signed_in_uuid=loginId)}function setAndroidAppUserProp(e){var i=isAndroidSession();i&&(e.androidUser=i)}function trackEndOfArticle(){var e=document.querySelector(".slate-paragraph--tombstone");if(e){new IntersectionObserver(function(e,i){e[0].isIntersecting&&(slateAmplitude.track("Completed article"),updateSophiCustomProperties({3:!0}),slatePermutive.track("ArticleCompletion"),i.unobserve(e[0].target))}).observe(e)}}module.exports=function(e){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(i){var r=Cookies.get("AB"),t=new i.Identify;t.set("abTest",isValidAbTestString(r)?r:"0"),i.identify(t),trackAffiliateLinks(),trackEndOfArticle(),webVitals.track(e),logPageView(),logUserProperties(i),via.setPageType(e.dataset.pagetype)})};
}, {"2":2,"7":7,"21":21,"55":55,"84":84,"85":85,"92":92,"100":100,"101":101,"102":102,"103":103}];
window.modules["social-share.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var initGiftLinkUi=require(115),_require=require(114),setupSocialShareComponentButtons=_require.setupSocialShareComponentButtons,setupCopyLinkButton=_require.setupCopyLinkButton;module.exports=function(e){try{var t=e.querySelectorAll(".js-share-link"),r=e.querySelector(".js-copy-share-link"),i=e.querySelector(".js-link-copy-text"),o=e.querySelector(".js-web-share-link");return setupSocialShareComponentButtons("social-share",o,t),setupCopyLinkButton(r,i),initGiftLinkUi(e),Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}};
}, {"114":114,"115":115}];
window.modules["permutive.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(71),getPianoId=_require.getPianoId,_require2=require(74),hash=_require2.hash,membership=require(7);module.exports=function(e){var t=function(t){try{if(!t)throw new Error("Consent not provided for permutive");permutive.consent({opt_in:t,token:r}),permutive.addon("web",window.slatePermutiveData);var n={Slate_Plus_All_Access:"All Access",Slate_Plus_Audio:"Audio",Slate_Plus_Digital:"Digital",Big_Mood_Plus:"Audio"};return Promise.resolve(membership.isMember()).then(function(t){if(t){for(var r,u=membership.getSplusCookie(),a=Object.keys(n),o=u.resourceIds||[],s=0;s<o.length;s++){var c=o[s];if(a.includes(c)){r=n[c];break}}r&&i("slatePlusSubscriptionType",r)}var m=document.createElement("script");m.src="//cdn.permutive.com/"+e.dataset.permutiveProjectId+"-web.js",m.defer=!0;var d=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];return d.parentNode.insertBefore(m,d),!0})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},r="slate-token";function i(e,t){window.slatePermutiveData.page.user||(window.slatePermutiveData.page.user={}),window.slatePermutiveData.page.user[e]=t}window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("permutive",{categories:["C0002","C0003","C0004"],initFunc:function(r){if(!r)return!1;function n(e){var t=document.cookie.match("(^|[^;]+)\\s*"+e+"\\s*=\\s*([^;]+)");return t?t.pop():""}try{var u=new URL(document.location).searchParams;u.get("utm_source")&&(window.slatePermutiveData.page.utmSource=u.get("utm_source")),u.get("utm_medium")&&(window.slatePermutiveData.page.utmMedium=u.get("utm_medium")),u.get("utm_campaign")&&(window.slatePermutiveData.page.utmCampaign=u.get("utm_campaign"))}catch(e){console.error(e)}if(e.dataset.isSplusUser)try{i("slatePlus",!0)}catch(e){console.error(e)}var a=[];function o(e,t){t&&(a.push({tag:e,id:t}),i(e,t))}o("slateId",getPianoId()||n("wapo_login_id")),o("publisherUserId",n("slate-uuid")),o("sailthruId",function(e){try{return new URL(document.location).searchParams.get(e)}catch(t){console.error("could not get "+e+" url param",t)}}("sid"));var s=membership.getUserEmail();return s?hash(s,"hex").then(function(e){e&&(a.push({tag:"email_sha256",id:e}),a.length>0&&window.permutive.identify(a),t(r))}):(a.length>0&&window.permutive.identify(a),t(r)),!0},updateConsentFunc:function(e){if(permutive)try{JSON.parse(localStorage["permutive-consent"]).opt_in!=e&&permutive.consent({opt_in:e,token:r})}catch(t){permutive.consent({opt_in:e,token:r})}}}),permutive.ready(function(){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(){var e=[];permutive.context&&e.push({tag:"puid",id:permutive.context.user_id});try{var t=window.amplitude.getDeviceId();t&&e.push({tag:"amplitudeId",id:t})}catch(e){console.error("Error setting amplitudeId",e)}e.length>0&&permutive.identify(e)})})};
}, {"7":7,"71":71,"74":74}];
window.modules["piano.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var slateAmplitude=require(21),universalPianoService=require(22),pianoScriptState=require(76),_require=require(2),loadSophi=_require.loadSophi,loginSuccessHandler=require(80),afterCheckout=require(81),afterCheckoutClose=require(82),_require2=require(8),afterPianoInit=_require2.afterPianoInit,checkoutStateChangeHandler=require(78),showOffer=require(77),experienceExecute=require(79),setResponseVariable=require(23),_require3=require(46),toUrl=_require3.toUrl,script=document.createElement("script");function loadPianoExperience(e){slateGlobal.injectScript(e.url+"/api/tinypass.min.js",universalPianoService.pianoInitPromiseResolve,universalPianoService.pianoInitPromiseReject),pianoScriptState.setState("requested")}function initPianoExperience(e){window.tp||(window.tp=[]);var t=window.tp;try{var i=slateAmplitude.getDomEventData();for(var a in i=universalPianoService.formatArticleData(i),t.push(["setContentCreated",i.content_created]),t.push(["setContentAuthor",i.content_author]),t.push(["setContentSection",i.content_section]),t.push(["setTags",i.tags]),i.custom_variables)t.push(["setCustomVariable",a,i.custom_variables[a]])}catch(e){console.warn("failed to set article metadata for piano",e)}t.push(["setAid",e.aid]),t.push(["setEndpoint",e.endpoint]),t.push(["setComposerHost",e.url]),t.push(["setPianoIdUrl",e.idUrl]),t.push(["setUsePianoIdUserProvider",!0]),t.push(["setUseTinypassAccounts",!1]),e.cxenseSiteId&&t.push(["setCxenseSiteId",e.cxenseSiteId]),t.push(["init",afterPianoInit]),t.push(["addHandler","loginSuccess",loginSuccessHandler]),t.push(["addHandler","checkoutStateChange",checkoutStateChangeHandler]),t.push(["addHandler","checkoutComplete",afterCheckout]),t.push(["addHandler","checkoutClose",afterCheckoutClose]),t.push(["addHandler","showOffer",showOffer]),t.push(["addHandler","experienceExecute",experienceExecute]),t.push(["addHandler","setResponseVariable",setResponseVariable])}function is404(){var e=document.querySelector("link[rel=canonical]");return!!e&&"/404"===new URL(e.href).pathname}script.src="/piano/scripts/resize.js",document.head.appendChild(script),module.exports=function(e){if(!is404()){if("slate-native"!==toUrl(location.href).searchParams.get("source")){var t=e.dataset.sophiScriptId;loadSophi(t)}var i=JSON.parse(e.dataset.config);initPianoExperience(i),loadPianoExperience(i)}},universalPianoService.pianoInitPromise.then(function(){pianoScriptState.setState("loaded")}).catch(function(){pianoScriptState.setState("failed")});
}, {"2":2,"8":8,"21":21,"22":22,"23":23,"46":46,"76":76,"77":77,"78":78,"79":79,"80":80,"81":81,"82":82}];
window.modules["adblock-message.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(6),initAdBlockDetection=_require.initAdBlockDetection,_require2=require(7),isMemberSkipLookup=_require2.isMemberSkipLookup,_require3=require(1),isArticlePage=_require3.isArticlePage,_require4=require(8),isPianoInitialized=_require4.isPianoInitialized,_require5=require(3),getModalStatus=_require5.getModalStatus,bqLog=require(5),_require6=require(2),sophiBlocked=_require6.sophiBlocked,_require7=require(1),getRubric=_require7.getRubric,_require8=require(4),getPaywallStatus=_require8.getPaywallStatus;module.exports=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(initAdBlockDetection()).then(function(r){if(isArticlePage()){var i=getRubric();if(!["slate-fare","open-thread","the-slate-quiz","pears","crossword","soundbites"].includes(i)){var t=function(){if(r){var i=function(){if(isPianoInitialized()&&!sophiBlocked)return Promise.resolve(Promise.all([checkForPlus(),getPaywallStatus(),getModalStatus()])).then(function(r){var i=r[0],t=r[1],o=r[2];i||t.isPaywallDisplayed||"NONE"!==o||displayAdBlockMessage(e)});displayAdBlockMessage(e)}();if(i&&i.then)return i.then(function(){})}}();return t&&t.then?t.then(function(){}):void 0}}})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}};var checkForPlus=function(){try{return Promise.resolve(isMemberSkipLookup())}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},lockBodyScroll=function(){var e=document.documentElement,r=window.pageYOffset||e.scrollTop;e.style.setProperty("--adblock-scroll-top",r);var i=window.innerWidth-document.documentElement.clientWidth;document.body.style.paddingRight=i+"px",e.classList.add("adblock-modal-open")},unlockBodyScroll=function(){var e=document.documentElement,r=e.style.getPropertyValue("--adblock-scroll-top");e.classList.remove("adblock-modal-open"),r&&window.scrollTo(0,parseInt(r,10)),document.body.style.paddingRight=""},displayAdBlockMessage=function(e){if(!window.kiln){var r=e.querySelector(".blocker-intercept__standard");r&&(addRedirectParamToSignInLinks(r),setupModalCloseHandlers(r),bqLog.track("Ad Block Modal Displayed"),lockBodyScroll(),r.showModal())}},addRedirectParamToSignInLinks=function(e){e.querySelectorAll('a[href*="sign-in"], a[href*="/plus"]').forEach(function(e){var r=new URL(e.href,window.location.href);r.searchParams.set("redirect_uri",location.href),e.href=r.toString()})},setupModalCloseHandlers=function(e){var r=e.querySelector(".slate-close");r&&r.addEventListener("click",function(){e.close(),unlockBodyScroll()}),e.addEventListener("close",unlockBodyScroll)};
}, {"1":1,"2":2,"3":3,"4":4,"5":5,"6":6,"7":7,"8":8}];
window.modules["webapp-serviceworker.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var slateAmplitude=require(21);module.exports=function(e){navigator.serviceWorker?(window.addEventListener("load",function(){navigator.serviceWorker.register("/sw.js").then(function(e){},function(e){console.error("ServiceWorker registration failed: ",e)})}),window.addEventListener("beforeinstallprompt",function(e){e.userChoice.then(function(e){"dismissed"===e.outcome?slateAmplitude.track("PWA - dismissed install prompt"):slateAmplitude.track("PWA - Added to Home Screen")})})):console.debug("Service worker not supported")};
}, {"21":21}];
window.modules["lazyload.legacy"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function lazyloadSvgUseTags(e,t){for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++){var n=e[r];n.isIntersecting&&(n.target.querySelectorAll("use[data-href]").forEach(function(e){e.setAttribute("href",e.getAttribute("data-href")),e.removeAttribute("data-href")}),t.unobserve(n.target),0==--count&&t.disconnect())}}require(141),require(53);var svgio=new IntersectionObserver(lazyloadSvgUseTags,{rootMargin:"100% 0px 100% 0px"}),count=0;document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){document.querySelectorAll("svg[loading=lazy]").forEach(function(e){svgio.observe(e),count++})});
}, {"53":53,"141":141}];
require=(function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})(window.modules,{},[]);
/* eslint-env browser */
'use strict';
/**
* mount legacy services from _global.js, if any
*/
function _createForOfIteratorHelper(r, e) { var t = "undefined" != typeof Symbol && r[Symbol.iterator] || r["@@iterator"]; if (!t) { if (Array.isArray(r) || (t = _unsupportedIterableToArray(r)) || e && r && "number" == typeof r.length) { t && (r = t); var _n = 0, F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { return _n >= r.length ? { done: !0 } : { done: !1, value: r[_n++] }; }, e: function e(r) { throw r; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method."); } var o, a = !0, u = !1; return { s: function s() { t = t.call(r); }, n: function n() { var r = t.next(); return a = r.done, r; }, e: function e(r) { u = !0, o = r; }, f: function f() { try { a || null == t.return || t.return(); } finally { if (u) throw o; } } }; }
function _unsupportedIterableToArray(r, a) { if (r) { if ("string" == typeof r) return _arrayLikeToArray(r, a); var t = {}.toString.call(r).slice(8, -1); return "Object" === t && r.constructor && (t = r.constructor.name), "Map" === t || "Set" === t ? Array.from(r) : "Arguments" === t || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t) ? _arrayLikeToArray(r, a) : void 0; } }
function _arrayLikeToArray(r, a) { (null == a || a > r.length) && (a = r.length); for (var e = 0, n = Array(a); e < a; e++) n[e] = r[e]; return n; }
function mountLegacyServices() {
Object.keys(window.modules).filter(function (key) {
return typeof key === 'string' && key.match(/\.legacy$/);
}).forEach(function (key) {
return window.require(key);
});
}
function tryToMount(fn, el, name) {
try {
fn(el); // init the controller
} catch (e) {
var elementTag = el.outerHTML.slice(0, el.outerHTML.indexOf(el.innerHTML));
console.error("Error initializing controller for \"".concat(name, "\" on \"").concat(elementTag, "\""), e);
}
}
/**
* mount client.js component controllers
*/
function mountComponentModules() {
Object.keys(window.modules).filter(function (key) {
return typeof key === 'string' && key.match(/\.client$/);
}).forEach(function (key) {
var controllerFn = window.require(key);
if (typeof controllerFn === 'function') {
var name = key.replace('.client', ''),
instancesSelector = "[data-uri*=\"_components/".concat(name, "/\"]"),
defaultSelector = "[data-uri$=\"_components".concat(name, "\"]"),
instances = document.querySelectorAll(instancesSelector),
defaults = document.querySelectorAll(defaultSelector);
var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(instances),
_step;
try {
for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) {
var el = _step.value;
tryToMount(controllerFn, el, name);
}
} catch (err) {
_iterator.e(err);
} finally {
_iterator.f();
}
var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(defaults),
_step2;
try {
for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) {
var _el = _step2.value;
tryToMount(controllerFn, _el, name);
}
} catch (err) {
_iterator2.e(err);
} finally {
_iterator2.f();
}
}
});
}
// Make sure that a `window.process.env.NODE_ENV` is available in the client for any dependencies,
// services, or components that could require it
// note: the `` value is swapped for the actual environment variable in /lib/cmd/compile/scripts.js
window.process = window.process || {};
window.process.env = window.process.env || {};
if (!window.process.env.NODE_ENV) {
window.process.env.NODE_ENV = '';
}
// note: legacy controllers that require legacy services (e.g. dollar-slice) must
// wait for DOMContentLoaded to initialize themselves, as the files themselves must be mounted first
mountLegacyServices();
mountComponentModules();
// ]]
</script></body>
</html>