Files
nexus/sreweekly/articles/158/04-tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons.html
2026-09-12 17:23:01 +08:00

23 lines
289 KiB
HTML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters
This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
<!doctype html><html lang="en-US" dir="ltr"><head><base href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/"><link rel="preconnect" href="//www.gstatic.com"><meta name="referrer" content="origin"><meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, width=device-width"><meta name="track-metadata-page_hosting_platform" content="blog_boq"><meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="application-name" content="Google Cloud Blog"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Google Cloud Blog"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"><meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no"><link rel="preconnect" href="//fonts.googleapis.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="//fonts.gstatic.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="//www.gstatic.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="//storage.googleapis.com"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Google+Sans+Text:400,500,700,400i,500i,700i" nonce="r1K4JSWSFKmOL3r92LeAZg"><link rel="manifest" crossorigin="use-credentials" href="_/TransformBlogUi/manifest.json"><link rel="home" href="/?lfhs=2"><link rel="msapplication-starturl" href="/?lfhs=2"><link rel="icon" href="https://www.gstatic.com/cgc/supercloud_favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.gstatic.com/cgc/supercloud_favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><link rel="msapplication-square32x32logo" href="https://www.gstatic.com/cgc/supercloud_favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"><script data-id="_gd" nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">window.WIZ_global_data = {"AfY8Hf":true,"Bwo7Jf":"%.@.\"US\",4]","CGQM5":"%.@.[[1]]]","DpimGf":false,"EP1ykd":["/_/*","/accounts/*","/sitemap/*","/sitemaplanding/*","/sitemapsummary/*","/sitemapsummarylanding/*","/static/*","/transform","/transform/*"],"FdrFJe":"782277136291863623","HiPsbb":1,"Im6cmf":"/blog/_/TransformBlogUi","JvMKJd":"%.@.\"GTM-5CVQBG\",[[\"en\",\"\\u202aEnglish\\u202c\",true,\"en\"],[\"de\",\"\\u202aDeutsch\\u202c\",true,\"de\"],[\"es\",\"\\u202aEspañol\\u202c\",true,\"es\"],[\"es-419\",\"\\u202aEspañol (Latinoamérica)\\u202c\",true,\"es-419\"],[\"fr\",\"\\u202aFrançais\\u202c\",true,\"fr\"],[\"id\",\"\\u202aIndonesia\\u202c\",true,\"id\"],[\"it\",\"\\u202aItaliano\\u202c\",true,\"it\"],[\"pt-BR\",\"\\u202aPortuguês (Brasil)\\u202c\",true,\"pt-BR\"],[\"zh-CN\",\"\\u202a简体中文\\u202c\",true,\"zh-Hans\"],[\"zh-TW\",\"\\u202a繁體中文\\u202c\",true,\"zh-Hant\"],[\"ja\",\"\\u202a日本語\\u202c\",true,\"ja\"],[\"ko\",\"\\u202a한국어\\u202c\",true,\"ko\"]],[\"83405\",\"AIzaSyD3LJeW4Q6gtdgJlyeFZUp-GhpIoc6EUeg\"],\"en\",null,null,[],[[\"https://cloud.google.com/innovators\",\"https://cloud.google.com/innovators/plus/activate\",\"https://cloud.google.com/innovators/innovatorsplus\"],[\"https://workspace.google.com/pricing\",\"https://www.x.com/googleworkspace\",\"https://www.facebook.com/googleworkspace\",\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBmwzQnSoj9b6HzNmFrg_yw\",\"https://www.instagram.com/googleworkspace\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/googleworkspace\",\"https://about.google/?utm_source\\u003dworkspace.google.com\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dreferral\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dgsuite-footer-en\",\"https://about.google/products/?tip\\u003dexplore\",\"https://workspace.google.com\",\"https://workspace.google.com/contact/?source\\u003dgafb-form-globalnav-en\",\"https://workspace.google.com/business/signup/welcome?hl\\u003den\\u0026source\\u003dgafb-form-globalnav-en\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog\"],[\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreen\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreenlaunchpromo\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreen\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/catalog?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreen\",\"https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/paths?utm_source\\u003dcgc\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dwebsite\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003devergreen\"],[\"https://mapsplatform.google.com\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/developers\",\"https://cloud.google.com/developers/settings?utm_source\\u003dinnovators\"],[\"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial\",\"https://console.cloud.google.com/\",\"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial?redirectPath\\u003dhttps://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons/\"],[\"https://aitestkitchen.withgoogle.com/signup\",\"https://blog.google/technology/ai/join-us-in-the-ai-test-kitchen/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/ai\"],[\"https://googlecloudplatform.blogspot.com/\",\"https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform\",\"https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/google-cloud\",\"https://x.com/googlecloud\",\"https://www.facebook.com/googlecloud\"],[[[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/compute\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/bigquery\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/apigee\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/functions\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/generative-ai-studio\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/agent-builder\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/conversational-agents\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/natural-language\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/speech-to-text\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/video-intelligence\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai-notebooks\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/gpu\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/document-ai\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/looker\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/looker-studio\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/bare-metal\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/batch\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/vmware-engine\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/build\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/deploy\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/dataproc\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/dataflow\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/dataform\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/pubsub\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/data-fusion\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/composer\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/dataplex\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/analytics-hub\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/biglake\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/alloydb\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/bigtable\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/spanner\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/sql\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/firestore\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/memorystore\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/datastream\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/assured-open-source-software\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/code/\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/sdk\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/workstations\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/anti-money-laundering-ai\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/healthcare-api\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/device-connect\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/telecom-network-automation\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/telecom-data-fabric\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/telecom-subscriber-insights\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/application-integration\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/carbon-footprint\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/cost-management\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/managed-prometheus\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/service-health\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/earth-engine\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/cdn/\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/database-migration\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/storage-transfer-service/\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/immersive-stream/xr/\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/dns\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/intrusion-detection-system\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/load-balancing\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/nat\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity-center\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/network-intelligence-center\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/armor\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/firewall\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/private-service-connect\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/vpc\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/vpc-service-controls\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/logging\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/monitoring\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/appsheet/automation\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/identity\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/access-transparency\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/assured-workloads\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/security-key-management\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/confidential-computing\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/security-command-center\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/iap\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/certificate-authority-service\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/titan-security-key\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/recaptcha\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/identity-platform\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/threat-intelligence\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/attack-surface-management\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/digital-threat-monitoring\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/mandiant-security-validation\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/security/products/security-operations\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/appengine\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/run\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/workflows\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/storage\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/filestore\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/persistent-disk\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/backup-disaster-recovery\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/netapp-volumes\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/parallelstore\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/blockchain-node-engine\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/observability\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/gemini/cloud-assist\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/agent-assist\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/products/blockchain-rpc/\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/distributed-cloud\"],[\"https://cloud.google.com/translate\"]]]],[2026,9,11],[[\"en\",\"x-default\"],\"x-default\"],[null,true],null,\"/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons/?hl\\u003den\",[\"6LcsrxUqAAAAAFhpR1lXsPN2j2nsTwy6JTbRKzJr\"],null,[\"marketing-studio-write-user\"]]","LVIXXb":1,"LoQv7e":false,"M55kSc":"%.@.]","MT7f9b":[],"MUE6Ne":"cloudx-web-blog-uiserver","PylxI":"%.@.\"cloudblog\",\"products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons\",[\"en\",\"de\",\"fr\",\"ko\",\"ja\"],\"en\",null,\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/\",\"blog_article\",\"cloud.google.com\",[\"https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/contact/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/\",\"https://www.google.com/\",\"https://cloud.google.com/products/\",\"https://about.google.com/products/\",\"https://about.google/intl/en/\",\"https://support.google.com\"],[\"googlecloud\",\"googlecloud\",\"showcase/google-cloud\",\"googlecloud/\",\"googlecloud/\"],true,\"/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons/\"]","QrtxK":"","S06Grb":"","S6lZl":105833389,"TSDtV":"%.@.[[null,[[45837477,null,false,null,null,null,\"srequb\"],[45680097,null,true,null,null,null,\"PvHIUc\"],[45532645,null,true,null,null,null,\"wFnpse\"],[45449433,null,true,null,null,null,\"BotAtd\"],[45744209,null,false,null,null,null,\"JxMqJf\"],[45813112,null,null,null,\"projects/gweb-cloud-chat-prod/locations/us/apps/45c2d323-204d-48d3-92fc-2687b7b83fc2/deployments/067abe51-ab2d-4b92-9bd7-da8449eb9242\",null,\"V8lsGf\"],[45722680,null,true,null,null,null,\"BWcuJc\"],[45449449,null,true,null,null,null,\"b5B1L\"],[45759811,null,true,null,null,null,\"KrIGrd\"],[45785379,null,false,null,null,null,\"aY24Yb\"],[45701740,null,false,null,null,null,\"y6g6ie\"],[45646404,null,true,null,null,null,\"tfPPe\"],[45825584,null,false,null,null,null,\"Ekaiab\"],[45631885,null,false,null,null,null,\"kG32O\"],[45449445,null,true,null,null,null,\"C4H3Td\"],[45449438,null,false,null,null,null,\"m0uJSe\"],[45798764,null,true,null,null,null,\"ftwKye\"],[45749343,null,false,null,null,null,\"oSympb\"],[45752517,null,false,null,null,null,\"F1plqc\"],[45826729,null,false,null,null,null,\"IKu6Ue\"],[45449467,null,null,null,\"variant1\",null,\"qL2Vf\"],[45449469,null,null,null,\"default\",null,\"mBNY1\"],[45837118,null,false,null,null,null,\"zbMFKc\"],[45771867,null,false,null,null,null,\"MHNqU\"],[45449434,null,true,null,null,null,\"PvZHQ\"],[45754671,null,true,null,null,null,\"hMe1rb\"],[45817954,null,false,null,null,null,\"BJOcCd\"],[45745727,null,true,null,null,null,\"yjPBc\"],[45449435,null,false,null,null,null,\"s7Z7Ld\"],[45812792,null,true,null,null,null,\"R7XCie\"],[45767041,null,true,null,null,null,\"bdhplb\"],[45532646,null,true,null,null,null,\"RIvlU\"],[45449439,null,true,null,null,null,\"lsuui\"],[45752205,null,false,null,null,null,\"oiRoS\"],[45795490,null,true,null,null,null,\"Jpadob\"],[45651724,null,true,null,null,null,\"xYDLRc\"],[45725850,null,true,null,null,null,\"gC7Zce\"],[45449444,null,true,null,null,null,\"HGJqie\"],[45753540,null,true,null,null,null,\"S8n1J\"],[45768800,null,true,null,null,null,\"HIWUOc\"],[45757409,null,false,null,null,null,\"u4N7kf\"],[45778758,null,true,null,null,null,\"yj6JAc\"],[45449436,null,false,null,null,null,\"NCoWOd\"],[45743518,null,true,null,null,null,\"uYraWb\"],[45775335,null,true,null,null,null,\"Q5MWO\"],[45735522,null,true,null,null,null,\"jzW39e\"],[45685295,null,false,null,null,null,\"gu5ZGb\"],[45674523,null,false,null,null,null,\"EB3TEf\"],[45773628,null,true,null,null,null,\"BjJdxb\"],[45449442,null,true,null,null,null,\"dsKk4d\"],[45788620,null,true,null,null,null,\"h5BYjc\"],[45741355,null,true,null,null,null,\"l9Tv3e\"],[45815772,null,true,null,null,null,\"AiR0Db\"],[45728287,null,true,null,null,null,\"uafElc\"],[45459555,null,false,null,null,null,\"Imeoqb\"],[45449440,null,false,null,null,null,\"j9nUqf\"],[45786094,null,true,null,null,null,\"RU5eB\"],[45734162,null,true,null,null,null,\"oQBWLd\"],[45449471,null,null,null,\"default\",null,\"Ammqqf\"],[45726389,null,true,null,null,null,\"aMBCvc\"],[45702737,null,true,null,null,null,\"pcLlld\"],[45739488,null,false,null,null,null,\"VaCY3d\"],[45734163,null,true,null,null,null,\"T74Ilb\"],[45612748,null,false,null,null,null,\"fdXYmb\"],[45738613,null,false,null,null,null,\"mHT8Be\"],[45671281,null,false,null,null,null,\"TQUxrf\"],[45823449,null,true,null,null,null,\"Uwy9Df\"],[45449443,null,false,null,null,null,\"wvKxS\"],[45830711,null,false,null,null,null,\"EMC88b\"],[45449450,null,false,null,null,null,\"PTNaKe\"],[45795459,null,false,null,null,null,\"T0LQ0d\"],[45681401,null,false,null,null,null,\"aj6iDb\"],[45752829,null,false,null,null,null,\"Fajj6c\"],[45801909,3000,null,null,null,null,\"K6BlHd\"],[45734079,null,false,null,null,null,\"vCPH2e\"],[45449446,null,true,null,null,null,\"ktxJzc\"],[45449468,null,null,null,\"variant4\",null,\"BUEcUe\"],[45747617,null,true,null,null,null,\"SV187c\"],[45628378,null,true,null,null,null,\"hRRuzd\"],[45662552,null,true,null,null,null,\"epuB3d\"],[45733437,null,true,null,null,null,\"qvuKo\"]],\"CAMSIR0Y2c2IEK/+BOuHrBAWBBbepfAEFsC6BpO1F+ixBM2mGw\\u003d\\u003d\"]]]","UUFaWc":"%.@.null,1000,2]","Vvafkd":false,"Yllh3e":"%.@.1789171471312636,88720885,1459638960]","aAofAd":"%.@.[[[\"Solutions \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/products/api-management\"],[\"Application Development\",\"/blog/products/application-development\"],[\"Application Modernization\",\"/blog/products/application-modernization\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/products/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data Analytics\",\"/blog/products/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"/blog/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/topics/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Security\",null,[[[\"Security \\u0026 Identity\",\"/blog/products/identity-security\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/topics/threat-intelligence\"]]]],[\"Infrastructure\",\"/blog/products/infrastructure\"],[\"Infrastructure Modernization\",\"/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/products/networking\"],[\"Productivity \\u0026 Collaboration\",\"/blog/products/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Storage \\u0026 Data Transfer\",\"/blog/products/storage-data-transfer\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/topics/sustainability\"]]]],[\"Ecosystem\",null,[[[\"IT Leaders\",\"/transform\"],[\"Industries\",null,[[[\"Financial Services\",\"/blog/topics/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 Life Sciences\",\"/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 Entertainment\",\"/blog/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"Public Sector\",\"/blog/topics/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/topics/retail\"],[\"Supply Chain\",\"/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/topics/partners\"],[\"Startups \\u0026 SMB\",\"/blog/topics/startups\"],[\"Training \\u0026 Certifications\",\"/blog/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Google Cloud Next \\u0026 Events\",\"/blog/topics/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Google Cloud Consulting\",\"/blog/topics/consulting\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog\"]]]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Practitioners\",\"/blog/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Transform with Google Cloud\",\"/transform\"]]],[[\"de\",[[[\"Neuigkeiten\",\"/blog/de/topics/whats-new/aktuelles-auf-dem-google-cloud-blog\"],[\"Lösungen \\u0026 Technologien\",null,[[[\"Anwendungsentwicklung\",\"/blog/de/products/application-development\"],[\"Anwendungsmodernisierung\",\"/blog/de/products/anwendungsmodernisierung\"],[\"API-Verwaltung\",\"/blog/de/products/api-management\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/de/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Computing\",\"/blog/de/products/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/de/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Datenanalysen\",\"/blog/de/products/data-analytics\"],[\"Datenbanken\",\"/blog/de/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"/blog/de/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Infrastruktur\",\"/blog/de/products/infrastructure\"],[\"KI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/de/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/de/topics/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Modernisierung der Infrastruktur\",\"/blog/de/products/modernisierung-der-infrastruktur\"],[\"Nachhaltigkeit\",\"/blog/de/topics/nachhaltigkeit\"],[\"Netzwerk\",\"/blog/de/products/networking\"],[\"Produktivität und Zusammenarbeit\",\"/blog/de/products/produktivitaet-und-kollaboration\"],[\"SAP in Google Cloud\",\"/blog/de/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Sicherheit \\u0026 Identität\",\"/blog/de/products/identity-security\"],[\"Speicher und Datentransfer\",\"/blog/de/products/storage-data-transfer\"]]]],[\"Ökosystem\",null,[[[\"IT Leader\",\"/transform/de\"],[\"Industrien\",null,[[[\"Behörden und öffentlicher Sektor\",\"/blog/de/topics/public-sector\"],[\"Einzelhandel\",\"/blog/de/topics/retail\"],[\"Fertigung\",\"/blog/de/topics/fertigung\"],[\"Finanzdienstleistungen\",\"/blog/de/topics/financial-services\"],[\"Gesundheitswesen und Biowissenschaften\",\"/blog/de/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Lieferkette und Logistik\",\"/blog/de/topics/lieferkette-und-logistik\"],[\"Medien und Unterhaltung\",\"/blog/de/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"Telekommunikation\",\"/blog/de/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"Entwickler*innen \\u0026 Fachkräfte\",\"/blog/de/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Google Cloud Next \\u0026 Events\",\"/blog/de/topics/events\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"/blog/de/products/maps-platform\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog/de\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/de/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Kunden\",\"/blog/de/topics/kunden\"],[\"Partner\",\"/blog/de/topics/partners\"],[\"Start-ups und KMU\",\"/blog/de/topics/startups\"],[\"Training und Zertifizierung\",\"/blog/de/topics/training-certifications\"]]]],[\"Transformation mit Google Cloud\",\"/transform/de\"]]]],[\"en\",[[[\"Solutions \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/products/api-management\"],[\"Application Development\",\"/blog/products/application-development\"],[\"Application Modernization\",\"/blog/products/application-modernization\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/products/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data Analytics\",\"/blog/products/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"/blog/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/topics/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Security\",null,[[[\"Security \\u0026 Identity\",\"/blog/products/identity-security\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/topics/threat-intelligence\"]]]],[\"Infrastructure\",\"/blog/products/infrastructure\"],[\"Infrastructure Modernization\",\"/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/products/networking\"],[\"Productivity \\u0026 Collaboration\",\"/blog/products/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Storage \\u0026 Data Transfer\",\"/blog/products/storage-data-transfer\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/topics/sustainability\"]]]],[\"Ecosystem\",null,[[[\"IT Leaders\",\"/transform\"],[\"Industries\",null,[[[\"Financial Services\",\"/blog/topics/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 Life Sciences\",\"/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 Entertainment\",\"/blog/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"Public Sector\",\"/blog/topics/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/topics/retail\"],[\"Supply Chain\",\"/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/topics/partners\"],[\"Startups \\u0026 SMB\",\"/blog/topics/startups\"],[\"Training \\u0026 Certifications\",\"/blog/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Google Cloud Next \\u0026 Events\",\"/blog/topics/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Google Cloud Consulting\",\"/blog/topics/consulting\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog\"]]]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Practitioners\",\"/blog/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Transform with Google Cloud\",\"/transform\"]]]],[\"fr\",[[[\"Les tendances\",\"/blog/fr/topics/les-tendances/quelles-sont-les-nouveautes-de-google-cloud\"],[\"Solutions et Technologie\",null,[[[\"Analyse de données\",\"/blog/fr/products/analyse-de-donnees/\"],[\"Bases de données\",\"/blog/fr/products/databases\"],[\"Calcul\",\"/blog/fr/products/calcul/\"],[\"Chrome Entreprise\",\"/blog/fr/products/chrome-enterprise/\"],[\"Conteneurs et Kubernetes\",\"/blog/fr/products/conteneurs-et-kubernetes/\"],[\"Développement d\u0027Applications\",\"/blog/fr/products/application-development\"],[\"Développement durable\",\"/blog/fr/topics/developpement-durable\"],[\"DevOps et ingénierie SRE\",\"/blog/fr/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Gestion des API\",\"/blog/fr/products/api-management\"],[\"IA et Machine Learning\",\"/blog/fr/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Infrastructure\",\"/blog/fr/products/infrastructure\"],[\"Maps et Géospatial\",\"/blog/fr/topics/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Modernisation d\u0027Applications\",\"/blog/fr/products/modernisation-dapplications/\"],[\"Modernisation d\u0027Infrastructure\",\"/blog/fr/products/modernisation-dinfrastructure/\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/fr/products/networking\"],[\"Productivité et Collaboration\",\"/blog/fr/products/productivite-et-collaboration\"],[\"SAP sur Google Cloud\",\"/blog/fr/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Sécurité et Identité\",\"/blog/fr/products/identity-security\"],[\"Stockage et transfert de données\",\"/blog/fr/products/storage-data-transfer\"]]]],[\"Écosystème\",null,[[[\"Responsables IT\",\"/transform/fr\"],[\"Industries\",null,[[[\"Commerce\",\"/blog/fr/topics/retail\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/fr/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"Médias et Divertissement\",\"/blog/fr/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"Santé\",\"/blog/fr/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Secteur Public\",\"/blog/fr/topics/public-sector\"],[\"Services Financiers\",\"/blog/fr/topics/financial-services\"],[\"Supply Chain\",\"/blog/fr/topics/supply-chain/\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/fr/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"Clients\",\"/blog/fr/topics/clients/\"],[\"Développeurs et professionnels\",\"/blog/fr/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Formations et certifications\",\"/blog/fr/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Google Cloud Next et Événements\",\"/blog/fr/topics/evenements\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"/blog/fr/products/maps-platform\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog/fr\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/fr/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Partenaires\",\"/blog/fr/topics/partners\"],[\"Start-ups et PME\",\"/blog/fr/topics/startups\"]]]],[\"Transformer avec Google Cloud\",\"/transform/fr\"]]]],[\"ja\",[[[\"ソリューションとテクノロジー\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 機械学習\",\"/blog/ja/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API 管理\",\"/blog/ja/products/api-management\"],[\"アプリケーション開発\",\"/blog/ja/products/application-development\"],[\"アプリケーション モダナイゼーション\",\"/blog/ja/products/application-modernization\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/ja/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"コンピューティング\",\"/blog/ja/products/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/ja/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"データ分析\",\"/blog/ja/products/data-analytics\"],[\"データベース\",\"/blog/ja/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"/blog/ja/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/ja/products/maps-platform\"],[\"セキュリティ\",null,[[[\"セキュリティ \\u0026 アイデンティティ\",\"/blog/ja/products/identity-security\"],[\"脅威インテリジェンス\",\"/blog/ja/topics/threat-intelligence\"]]]],[\"インフラストラクチャ\",\"/blog/ja/products/infrastructure\"],[\"インフラ モダナイゼーション\",\"/blog/ja/products/infrastructure-modernization\"],[\"ネットワーキング\",\"/blog/ja/products/networking\"],[\"生産性とコラボレーション\",\"/blog/ja/products/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"Google Cloud での SAP\",\"/blog/ja/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"ストレージとデータ転送\",\"/blog/ja/products/storage-data-transfer\"],[\"サステナビリティ\",\"/blog/ja/topics/sustainability\"]]]],[\"エコシステム\",null,[[[\"ITリーダー\",\"/transform/ja\"],[\"業種\",null,[[[\"金融サービス\",\"/blog/ja/topics/financial-services\"],[\"ヘルスケア、ライフ サイエンス\",\"/blog/ja/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"製造\",\"/blog/ja/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"メディア、エンターテイメント\",\"/blog/ja/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"公共部門\",\"/blog/ja/topics/public-sector\"],[\"小売業\",\"/blog/ja/topics/retail\"],[\"サプライ チェーン\",\"/blog/ja/topics/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"通信\",\"/blog/ja/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"顧客事例\",\"/blog/ja/topics/customers\"],[\"パートナー\",\"/blog/ja/topics/partners\"],[\"スタートアップ \\u0026 SMB\",\"/blog/ja/topics/startups\"],[\"トレーニングと認定\",\"/blog/ja/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/ja/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Google Cloud Next と イベント\",\"/blog/ja/topics/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"/blog/ja/products/maps-platform\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog/ja\"]]]],[\"デベロッパー\",\"/blog/ja/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Transform with Google Cloud\",\"/transform/ja\"]]]],[\"ko\",[[[\"솔루션 및 기술\",null,[[[\"AI 및 머신러닝\",\"/blog/ko/products/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API 관리\",\"/blog/ko/products/api-management\"],[\"애플리케이션 개발\",\"/blog/ko/products/application-development\"],[\"애플리케이션 현대화\",\"/blog/ko/products/application-modernization\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/products/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"컴퓨팅\",\"/blog/ko/products/compute\"],[\"컨테이너 \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/ko/products/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"데이터 분석\",\"/blog/ko/products/data-analytics\"],[\"데이터베이스\",\"/blog/ko/products/databases\"],[\"DevOps 및 SRE\",\"/blog/ko/products/devops-sre\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 Geospatial\",\"/blog/ko/products/maps-platform\"],[\"보안\",null,[[[\"보안 \\u0026 아이덴티티\",\"/blog/ko/products/identity-security\"],[\"위협 인텔리전스\",\"/blog/ko/topics/threat-intelligence\"]]]],[\"인프라\",\"/blog/ko/products/infrastructure\"],[\"Infrastructure Modernization\",\"/blog/ko/products/infrastructure-modernization\"],[\"네트워킹\",\"/blog/ko/products/networking\"],[\"생산성 및 공동작업\",\"/blog/ko/products/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/ko/products/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"스토리지 및 데이터 전송\",\"/blog/ko/products/storage-data-transfer\"],[\"지속가능성\",\"/blog/ko/topics/sustainability\"]]]],[\"에코시스템\",null,[[[\"IT Leaders\",\"/transform/ko\"],[\"업종\",null,[[[\"금융 서비스\",\"/blog/ko/topics/financial-services\"],[\"의료 및 생명과학\",\"/blog/ko/topics/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"제조업\",\"/blog/ko/topics/manufacturing\"],[\"미디어 및 엔터테인먼트\",\"/blog/ko/products/media-entertainment\"],[\"공공부문\",\"/blog/ko/topics/public-sector\"],[\"소매업\",\"/blog/ko/topics/retail\"],[\"공급망\",\"/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"통신\",\"/blog/ko/topics/telecommunications\"]]]],[\"고객 사례\",\"/blog/ko/topics/customers\"],[\"파트너\",\"/blog/ko/topics/partners\"],[\"스타트업 \\u0026 SMB\",\"/blog/ko/topics/startups\"],[\"교육 \\u0026 인증\",\"/blog/ko/topics/training-certifications\"],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",\"/blog/ko/topics/inside-google-cloud\"],[\"Google Cloud Next 및 이벤트\",\"/blog/ko/topics/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Google Maps Platform\",\"/blog/ko/products/maps-platform\"],[\"Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/blog/ko\"]]]],[\"개발 및 IT운영\",\"/blog/ko/topics/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Google Cloud와 함께 하는 디지털 혁신\",\"/transform/ko\"]]]]],[[\"de\",[[[\"Products \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/api-management\"],[\"Applied engineering\",\"/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering\"],[\"Developer tools\",\"/blog/developer-tools\"],[\"Business intelligence (BI)\",\"/blog/business-intelligence-bi\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data analytics\",\"/blog/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/databases\"],[\"DevOps\",\"/blog/devops\"],[\"Distributed cloud\",\"/blog/distributed-cloud\"],[\"Hybrid \\u0026 multicloud\",\"/blog/hybrid-multicloud/\"],[\"Management tools\",\"/blog/management-tools\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 geospatial\",\"/blog/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Migration\",\"/blog/migration\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/networking\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Security\",\"/blog/security\"],[\"Sovereignty \\u0026 compliance\",\"/blog/sovereignty-compliance\"],[\"SRE\",\"/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre\"],[\"Storage\",\"/blog/storage\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/threat-intelligence\"]]],[\"See all product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],7],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Cloud architecture\",\"/blog/cloud-architecture\"],[\"IT leaders\",\"/blog/it-leaders\"],[\"Training \\u0026 certifications\",\"/blog/training-certifications\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers\",\"/blog/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Customers \\u0026 partners\",null,[[[\"Customer stories\",\"/blog/customer-stories\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Gaming\",\"/blog/gaming\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/partners\"],[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Startups\",\"/blog/startups\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/telecommunications\"]]],[\"Explore customers \\u0026 partners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",null,[[[\"Company news\",\"/blog/company-news\"],[\"Data centers \\u0026 regions\",\"/blog/data-centers-and-regions\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/events\"],[\"Consulting\",\"/blog/google-cloud-consulting\"],[\"Google Cloud Next\",\"/blog/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/sustainability\"],[\"Systems\",\"/blog/systems\"]]],[\"Explore Inside Google Cloud\",\"Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#7D0304\"]]]]],[\"en\",[[[\"Products \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/api-management\"],[\"Applied engineering\",\"/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering\"],[\"Developer tools\",\"/blog/developer-tools\"],[\"Business intelligence (BI)\",\"/blog/business-intelligence-bi\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data analytics\",\"/blog/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/databases\"],[\"DevOps\",\"/blog/devops\"],[\"Distributed cloud\",\"/blog/distributed-cloud\"],[\"Hybrid \\u0026 multicloud\",\"/blog/hybrid-multicloud/\"],[\"Management tools\",\"/blog/management-tools\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 geospatial\",\"/blog/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Migration\",\"/blog/migration\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/networking\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Security\",\"/blog/security\"],[\"Sovereignty \\u0026 compliance\",\"/blog/sovereignty-compliance\"],[\"SRE\",\"/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre\"],[\"Storage\",\"/blog/storage\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/threat-intelligence\"]]],[\"See all product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],7],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Cloud architecture\",\"/blog/cloud-architecture\"],[\"IT leaders\",\"/blog/it-leaders\"],[\"Training \\u0026 certifications\",\"/blog/training-certifications\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers\",\"/blog/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Customers \\u0026 partners\",null,[[[\"Customer stories\",\"/blog/customer-stories\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Gaming\",\"/blog/gaming\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/partners\"],[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Startups\",\"/blog/startups\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/telecommunications\"]]],[\"Explore customers \\u0026 partners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",null,[[[\"Company news\",\"/blog/company-news\"],[\"Data centers \\u0026 regions\",\"/blog/data-centers-and-regions\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/events\"],[\"Consulting\",\"/blog/google-cloud-consulting\"],[\"Google Cloud Next\",\"/blog/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/sustainability\"],[\"Systems\",\"/blog/systems\"]]],[\"Explore Inside Google Cloud\",\"Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#7D0304\"]]]]],[\"fr\",[[[\"Products \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/api-management\"],[\"Applied engineering\",\"/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering\"],[\"Developer tools\",\"/blog/developer-tools\"],[\"Business intelligence (BI)\",\"/blog/business-intelligence-bi\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data analytics\",\"/blog/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/databases\"],[\"DevOps\",\"/blog/devops\"],[\"Distributed cloud\",\"/blog/distributed-cloud\"],[\"Hybrid \\u0026 multicloud\",\"/blog/hybrid-multicloud/\"],[\"Management tools\",\"/blog/management-tools\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 geospatial\",\"/blog/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Migration\",\"/blog/migration\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/networking\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Security\",\"/blog/security\"],[\"Sovereignty \\u0026 compliance\",\"/blog/sovereignty-compliance\"],[\"SRE\",\"/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre\"],[\"Storage\",\"/blog/storage\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/threat-intelligence\"]]],[\"See all product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],7],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Cloud architecture\",\"/blog/cloud-architecture\"],[\"IT leaders\",\"/blog/it-leaders\"],[\"Training \\u0026 certifications\",\"/blog/training-certifications\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers\",\"/blog/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Customers \\u0026 partners\",null,[[[\"Customer stories\",\"/blog/customer-stories\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Gaming\",\"/blog/gaming\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/partners\"],[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Startups\",\"/blog/startups\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/telecommunications\"]]],[\"Explore customers \\u0026 partners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",null,[[[\"Company news\",\"/blog/company-news\"],[\"Data centers \\u0026 regions\",\"/blog/data-centers-and-regions\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/events\"],[\"Consulting\",\"/blog/google-cloud-consulting\"],[\"Google Cloud Next\",\"/blog/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/sustainability\"],[\"Systems\",\"/blog/systems\"]]],[\"Explore Inside Google Cloud\",\"Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#7D0304\"]]]]],[\"ja\",[[[\"Products \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/api-management\"],[\"Applied engineering\",\"/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering\"],[\"Developer tools\",\"/blog/developer-tools\"],[\"Business intelligence (BI)\",\"/blog/business-intelligence-bi\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data analytics\",\"/blog/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/databases\"],[\"DevOps\",\"/blog/devops\"],[\"Distributed cloud\",\"/blog/distributed-cloud\"],[\"Hybrid \\u0026 multicloud\",\"/blog/hybrid-multicloud/\"],[\"Management tools\",\"/blog/management-tools\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 geospatial\",\"/blog/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Migration\",\"/blog/migration\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/networking\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Security\",\"/blog/security\"],[\"Sovereignty \\u0026 compliance\",\"/blog/sovereignty-compliance\"],[\"SRE\",\"/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre\"],[\"Storage\",\"/blog/storage\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/threat-intelligence\"]]],[\"See all product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],7],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Cloud architecture\",\"/blog/cloud-architecture\"],[\"IT leaders\",\"/blog/it-leaders\"],[\"Training \\u0026 certifications\",\"/blog/training-certifications\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers\",\"/blog/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Customers \\u0026 partners\",null,[[[\"Customer stories\",\"/blog/customer-stories\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Gaming\",\"/blog/gaming\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/partners\"],[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Startups\",\"/blog/startups\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/telecommunications\"]]],[\"Explore customers \\u0026 partners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",null,[[[\"Company news\",\"/blog/company-news\"],[\"Data centers \\u0026 regions\",\"/blog/data-centers-and-regions\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/events\"],[\"Consulting\",\"/blog/google-cloud-consulting\"],[\"Google Cloud Next\",\"/blog/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/sustainability\"],[\"Systems\",\"/blog/systems\"]]],[\"Explore Inside Google Cloud\",\"Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#7D0304\"]]]]],[\"ko\",[[[\"Products \\u0026 technology\",null,[[[\"AI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"API Management\",\"/blog/api-management\"],[\"Applied engineering\",\"/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering\"],[\"Developer tools\",\"/blog/developer-tools\"],[\"Business intelligence (BI)\",\"/blog/business-intelligence-bi\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"/blog/chrome-enterprise\"],[\"Compute\",\"/blog/compute\"],[\"Containers \\u0026 Kubernetes\",\"/blog/containers-kubernetes\"],[\"Data analytics\",\"/blog/data-analytics\"],[\"Databases\",\"/blog/databases\"],[\"DevOps\",\"/blog/devops\"],[\"Distributed cloud\",\"/blog/distributed-cloud\"],[\"Hybrid \\u0026 multicloud\",\"/blog/hybrid-multicloud/\"],[\"Management tools\",\"/blog/management-tools\"],[\"Maps \\u0026 geospatial\",\"/blog/maps-geospatial\"],[\"Migration\",\"/blog/migration\"],[\"Networking\",\"/blog/networking\"],[\"SAP on Google Cloud\",\"/blog/sap-google-cloud\"],[\"Security\",\"/blog/security\"],[\"Sovereignty \\u0026 compliance\",\"/blog/sovereignty-compliance\"],[\"SRE\",\"/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre\"],[\"Storage\",\"/blog/storage\"],[\"Threat Intelligence\",\"/blog/threat-intelligence\"]]],[\"See all product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],7],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Cloud architecture\",\"/blog/cloud-architecture\"],[\"IT leaders\",\"/blog/it-leaders\"],[\"Training \\u0026 certifications\",\"/blog/training-certifications\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers\",\"/blog/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Customers \\u0026 partners\",null,[[[\"Customer stories\",\"/blog/customer-stories\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Gaming\",\"/blog/gaming\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-life-sciences\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"/blog/manufacturing\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/partners\"],[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Startups\",\"/blog/startups\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-logistics\"],[\"Telecommunications\",\"/blog/telecommunications\"]]],[\"Explore customers \\u0026 partners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Inside Google Cloud\",null,[[[\"Company news\",\"/blog/company-news\"],[\"Data centers \\u0026 regions\",\"/blog/data-centers-and-regions\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/events\"],[\"Consulting\",\"/blog/google-cloud-consulting\"],[\"Google Cloud Next\",\"/blog/google-cloud-next\"],[\"Sustainability\",\"/blog/sustainability\"],[\"Systems\",\"/blog/systems\"]]],[\"Explore Inside Google Cloud\",\"Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#7D0304\"]]]]]]]","b5W2zf":"default_TransformBlogUi","cfb2h":"boq_cloudx-web-blog-uiserver_20260909.00_p0","eptZe":"/blog/_/TransformBlogUi/","f8POw":"%.@.[97493638,97785988,97535270,97442199,105763536,1714242,106551328,106242883,98225186,97493660,98073364,48554503,106088277,106565539,1706538,106058902,105901316,106032101,105739272,97656899,48489822,97493620,97785970,97442181,97493642,98073330,105739254,97656881],null,null,null,null,true]","gGcLoe":false,"hsFLT":"%.@.null,10,3]","iCzhFc":false,"nQyAE":{"PTNaKe":"false","RU5eB":"true","MHNqU":"false","ktxJzc":"true","BUEcUe":"variant4","aY24Yb":"false","y6g6ie":"false","kG32O":"false","oSympb":"false","IKu6Ue":"false","BJOcCd":"false","bdhplb":"true","Jpadob":"true","gu5ZGb":"false","EB3TEf":"false","h5BYjc":"true","j9nUqf":"false","pcLlld":"true","wvKxS":"false","EMC88b":"false","srequb":"false","PvHIUc":"true","JxMqJf":"false","V8lsGf":"projects/gweb-cloud-chat-prod/locations/us/apps/45c2d323-204d-48d3-92fc-2687b7b83fc2/deployments/067abe51-ab2d-4b92-9bd7-da8449eb9242","KrIGrd":"true","tfPPe":"true","Ekaiab":"false","m0uJSe":"false","PvZHQ":"true","s7Z7Ld":"false","RIvlU":"true","lsuui":"true","HGJqie":"true","u4N7kf":"false","NCoWOd":"false","jzW39e":"true","dsKk4d":"true","l9Tv3e":"true","uafElc":"true","VaCY3d":"false","fdXYmb":"false","TQUxrf":"false","Uwy9Df":"true","K6BlHd":"3000","vCPH2e":"false","epuB3d":"true","BotAtd":"true"},"p9hQne":"https://www.gstatic.com/_/boq-cloudx-web-blog/_/r/","qwAQke":"TransformBlogUi","rtQCxc":420,"u4g7r":"%.@.null,1,3]","vJ2GOe":"%.@.null,[[\"de\",[[[\"Themen\",null,[[[\"Product Announcements\",\"/blog/de/product-announcements\"],[\"KI \\u0026 Machine Learning\",\"/blog/de/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Produktivität und Kollaboration\",\"/blog/de/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"Identität und Sicherheit\",\"/blog/de/identity-and-security\"],[\"Future of Work\",\"/blog/de/future-of-work\"],[\"Hybrides Arbeiten\",\"/blog/de/hybrid-work\"],[\"Kundenreferenzen\",\"/blog/de/customer-stories\"],[\"Entwickler*innen und Fachkräfte\",\"/blog/de/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Partner\",\"/blog/de/partners\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/de/events\"],[\"Öffentlicher Sektor\",\"/blog/de/public-sector\"]]]],[\"Produktneuigkeiten\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/de/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/de/meet\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/de/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/de/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/de/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/de/sheets\"]]]]]]],[\"en\",[[[\"Topics\",null,[[[\"Product Announcements\",\"/blog/product-announcements\"],[\"AI and Machine Learning\",\"/blog/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Productivity and Collaboration\",\"/blog/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"Identity and Security\",\"/blog/identity-and-security\"],[\"Future of Work\",\"/blog/future-of-work\"],[\"Hybrid Work\",\"/blog/hybrid-work\"],[\"Customer Stories\",\"/blog/customer-stories\"],[\"Developers and Practitioners\",\"/blog/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Partners\",\"/blog/partners\"],[\"Events\",\"/blog/events\"],[\"Public Sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"]]]],[\"Product News\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/meet\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/sheets\"],[\"Vids\",\"/blog/google-vids\"]]]]]]],[\"fr\",[[[\"Thèmes\",null,[[[\"Product Announcements\",\"/blog/fr/product-announcements\"],[\"IA et Machine Learning\",\"/blog/fr/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"Productivité et Collaboration\",\"/blog/fr/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"Identité et Sécurité\",\"/blog/fr/identity-and-security\"],[\"L\u0027avenir du travail\",\"/blog/fr/future-of-work\"],[\"Travail hybride\",\"/blog/fr/hybrid-work\"],[\"Témoignages Clients\",\"/blog/fr/customer-stories\"],[\"Développeurs et professionnels\",\"/blog/fr/developers-practitioners\"],[\"Partenaires\",\"/blog/fr/partners\"],[\"Événements\",\"/blog/fr/events\"],[\"Secteur Public\",\"/blog/fr/public-sector\"]]]],[\"Annonces sur les produits\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/fr/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/fr/meet\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/fr/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/fr/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/fr/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/fr/sheets\"]]]]]]],[\"ja\",[[[\"トピック\",null,[[[\"プロダクトの発表\",\"/blog/ja/product-announcements\"],[\"AI \\u0026 機械学習\",\"/blog/ja/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"生産性とコラボレーション\",\"/blog/ja/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"アイデンティティとセキュリティ\",\"/blog/ja/identity-and-security\"],[\"未来の働き方\",\"/blog/ja/future-of-work\"],[\"ハイブリッドな働き方\",\"/blog/ja/hybrid-work\"],[\"顧客事例\",\"/blog/ja/customer-stories\"],[\"デベロッパー\",\"/blog/ja/developers-practitioners\"],[\"パートナー\",\"/blog/ja/partners\"],[\"イベント\",\"/blog/ja/events\"],[\"公共部門\",\"/blog/ja/public-sector\"]]]],[\"製品ニュース\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/ja/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/ja/meet\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/ja/chat-spaces\"],[\"ドライブ\",\"/blog/ja/drive\"],[\"ドキュメント\",\"/blog/ja/docs\"],[\"スプレッドシート\",\"/blog/ja/sheets\"]]]]]]],[\"ko\",[[[\"주제\",null,[[[\"제품 업데이트\",\"/blog/ko/product-announcements\"],[\"AI 및 머신러닝\",\"/blog/ko/ai-machine-learning\"],[\"생산성 및 공동작업\",\"/blog/ko/productivity-collaboration\"],[\"인증 및 보안 \",\"/blog/ko/identity-and-security\"],[\"Future of Work\",\"/blog/ko/future-of-work\"],[\"하이브리드 업무\",\"/blog/ko/hybrid-work\"],[\"고객 사례\",\"/blog/ko/customer-stories\"],[\"개발자\",\"/blog/ko/developers-practitioners\"],[\"파트너\",\"/blog/ko/partners\"],[\"이벤트\",\"/blog/ko/events\"],[\"공공부문\",\"/blog/ko/public-sector\"]]]],[\"제품 소식\",null,[[[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/ko/gmail\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/ko/meet\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/ko/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/ko/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/ko/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/ko/sheets\"]]]]]]]],null,[[\"de\",[[[[[\"Enthaltene Anwendungen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/chat/\"],[\"Kalender\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/calendar/\"],[\"Drive\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/drive/\"],[\"Docs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/docs/\"],[\"Tabellen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/sheets/\"],[\"Präsentationen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/slides/\"],[\"Formulare\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/forms/\"],[\"Sites\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/sites/\"],[\"Notizen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Sicherheit und Verwaltung\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/security/\",[[[\"Admin\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/admin/\"],[\"Endpunkt\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"Lösungen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/solutions/\",[[[\"Neue Unternehmen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/business/new-business/\"],[\"Kleine Unternehmen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/business/small-business/\"],[\"Große Unternehmen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/enterprise/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"Nonprofit-Organisationen\",\"https://www.google.com/nonprofits/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Preise\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/pricing.html\",[[[\"Version auswählen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Gemini für Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"Google Voice\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/products/voice/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Ressourcen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/faq/\",[[[\"Telearbeit\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"Sicherheit\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/security/\"],[\"FAQ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/faq/\"],[\"Partner\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Google Workspace Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/?hl\\u003dde\"],[\"Integrationen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/integrations/\"],[\"Schulung \\u0026 Zertifizierung\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/training/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Schulung und Support\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/de/support/\",[[[\"Admin-Hilfe\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"Einrichtungs- und Bereitstellungscenter\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252?hl\\u003dde\"],[\"Schulungscenter für Nutzer\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users?hl\\u003dde#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"Foren für Administratoren\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Google Workspace-Dashboard\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus\"],[\"Presse\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/\"]]]],[\"Mehr von Google\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/?hl\\u003dde\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Google Lösungen für Unternehmen\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/de/services/\"],[\"Google Ads\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dde-de-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"An Nutzerstudien teilnehmen\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]],[\"en\",[[[[[\"Included applications\",\"https://workspace.google.com/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/chat/\"],[\"Calendar\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/calendar/\"],[\"Drive\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/drive/\"],[\"Docs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/docs/\"],[\"Sheets\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/sheets/\"],[\"Slides\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/slides/\"],[\"Forms\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/forms/\"],[\"Sites\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/sites/\"],[\"Keep\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Security and management\",\"https://workspace.google.com/security/\",[[[\"Admin\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/admin/\"],[\"Endpoint\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"Solutions\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/\",[[[\"New Business\",\"https://workspace.google.com/business/new-business/\"],[\"Small Business\",\"https://workspace.google.com/business/small-business/\"],[\"Enterprise\",\"https://workspace.google.com/enterprise/\"],[\"Retail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/retail/\"],[\"Manufacturing\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/manufacturing/\"],[\"Professional Services\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/professional-services/\"],[\"Technology\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/technology/\"],[\"Healthcare\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/healthcare/\"],[\"Government\",\"https://workspace.google.com/industries/government/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"Nonprofits\",\"https://www.google.com/nonprofits/\"],[\"Artificial Intelligence\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Pricing\",\"https://workspace.google.com/pricing.html\",[[[\"Compare pricing plans\",\"https://workspace.google.com/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Gemini for Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"Meet hardware\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/meet-hardware/\"],[\"Google Voice\",\"https://workspace.google.com/products/voice/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Resources\",\"https://workspace.google.com/faq/\",[[[\"Working remotely\",\"https://workspace.google.com/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"Security\",\"https://workspace.google.com/security/\"],[\"Customer Stories\",\"https://workspace.google.com/customers/\"],[\"FAQs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/faq/\"],[\"Partners\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/\"],[\"Integrations\",\"https://workspace.google.com/integrations/\"],[\"Training \\u0026 Certification\",\"https://workspace.google.com/training/\"],[\"Refer Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/landing/partners/referral/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Learning and support\",\"https://workspace.google.com/support/\",[[[\"Admin Help\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"Setup and Deployment Center\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252\"],[\"Learning Center for Users\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"Forums for Admins\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Google Workspace Dashboard\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus\"],[\"What\u0027s New in Google Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/whatsnew/\"],[\"Find a Google Workspace Partner\",\"https://www.google.com/a/partnersearch/\"],[\"Join the community of IT Admins\",\"https://www.googlecloudcommunity.com/gc/Google-Workspace/ct-p/google-workspace\"],[\"Press\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/\"]]]],[\"More from Google\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/\"],[\"Google Domains\",\"https://domains.google.com/about/?utm_source\\u003dgoogleappsforwork\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dreferral\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dgooglepromos\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Google Business Solutions\",\"https://www.google.com/services/\"],[\"Google Ads\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dus-en-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"Join User Studies\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]],[\"fr\",[[[[[\"Enthaltene Anwendungen\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/chat/\"],[\"Google Agenda\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/calendar/\"],[\"Drive\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/drive/\"],[\"Docs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/docs/\"],[\"Sheets\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/sheets/\"],[\"Slides\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/slides/\"],[\"Forms\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/forms/\"],[\"Google Sites\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/sites/\"],[\"Keep\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Sécurité et gestion\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/security/\",[[[\"Console d\u0027administration\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/admin/\"],[\"Point de terminaison\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"Solutions\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/solutions/\",[[[\"Nouvelle entreprise\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/business/new-business/\"],[\"PME\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/business/small-business/\"],[\"Grande entreprise\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/enterprise/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"Associations\",\"https://www.google.com/nonprofits/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Tarifs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/pricing.html\",[[[\"Choisissez une édition\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Gemini pour Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"Matériel Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/meet-hardware/\"],[\"Google Voice\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/products/voice/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Ressources\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/faq/\",[[[\"Travail à distance\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"Sécurité\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/security/\"],[\"Questions fréquentes\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/faq/\"],[\"Partenaires\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/?hl\\u003dfr\"],[\"Intégrations\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/integrations/\"],[\"Formation et certification\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/training/\"]]]]]],[[[\"Formation et assistance\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/fr/support/\",[[[\"Aide pour les administrateurs\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"Centre de configuration et de déploiement\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252?hl\\u003dfr\"],[\"Centre de formation pour les utilisateurs\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users?hl\\u003dfr#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"Forums pour les administrateurs\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Tableau de bord Google Workspace\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus#hl\\u003dfr\"],[\"Rechercher un partenaire Google Workspace\",\"https://www.google.com/a/partnersearch/?hl\\u003dfr#home\"],[\"Presse\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/\"]]]],[\"Autres ressources Google\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/?hl\\u003dfr\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Solutions d\u0027entreprise Google\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/fr/services/\"],[\"Google pour les Pros\",\"https://pourlespros.withgoogle.com/?utm_source\\u003dEngagement\\u0026utm_medium\\u003dep\\u0026utm_term\\u003dSMB\\u0026utm_content\\u003dFR%20Apps%20for%20work%20footert\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dQ4_2015%20FR%20Apps%20for%20work%20footer\"],[\"Google Ads\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dfr-fr-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"Participer aux études sur l\u0027expérience utilisateur\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]],[\"ja\",[[[[[\"ご利用いただけるアプリケーション\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/chat/\"],[\"カレンダー\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/calendar/\"],[\"ドライブ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/drive/\"],[\"ドキュメント\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/docs/\"],[\"スプレッドシート\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/sheets/\"],[\"スライド\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/slides/\"],[\"フォーム\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/forms/\"],[\"サイト\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/sites/\"],[\"Keep\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"セキュリティと管理\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/security/\",[[[\"管理コンソール\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/admin/\"],[\"エンドポイント\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"ソリューション\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/solutions/\",[[[\"新規ビジネス\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/business/new-business/\"],[\"小規模ビジネス\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/business/small-business/\"],[\"大規模ビジネス\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/enterprise/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/intl/ja/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"非営利団体\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/ja/nonprofits/\"]]]]]],[[[\"料金\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/pricing.html\",[[[\"エディションを選ぶ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Gemini for Workspace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"Meet ハードウェア\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/products/meet-hardware/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"関連情報\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/faq/\",[[[\"リモートワーク\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"セキュリティ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/security/\"],[\"事例紹介\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/customers/\"],[\"よくある質問\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/faq/\"],[\"パートナー\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/?hl\\u003dja\"],[\"統合\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/integrations/\"],[\"トレーニングと認定資格\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/training/\"]]]]]],[[[\"学習とサポート\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ja/support/\",[[[\"管理者用ヘルプ\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"設定と導入のガイド\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252?hl\\u003dja\"],[\"ユーザー向けラーニング センター\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users?hl\\u003dja#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"管理者向けフォーラム\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Google Workspace ステータス ダッシュボード\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus#hl\\u003dja\"],[\"Google Workspace パートナーを探す\",\"https://www.google.com/a/partnersearch/?hl\\u003dja#home\"],[\"プレスリリース\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/?hl\\u003dja\"]]]],[\"その他の Google サービス\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/?hl\\u003dja\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Google ビジネス ソリューション\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/ja/services/\"],[\"Google 広告\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dja-ja-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"ユーザー調査に参加する\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]],[\"ko\",[[[[[\"포함된 애플리케이션\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/features/\",[[[\"Gmail\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/gmail/\"],[\"Meet\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/meet/\"],[\"Chat\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/chat/\"],[\"Calendar\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/calendar/\"],[\"Drive\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/drive/\"],[\"Docs\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/docs/\"],[\"Sheets\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/sheets/\"],[\"Slides\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/slides/\"],[\"설문지\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/forms/\"],[\"사이트 도구\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/sites/\"],[\"Keep\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/keep/\"],[\"Apps Script\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/apps-script/\"]]]]]],[[[\"보안 및 관리\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/security/\",[[[\"관리\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/admin/\"],[\"엔드포인트\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/admin/endpoint/\"],[\"Vault\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/vault/\"],[\"Work Insights\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/products/workinsights/\"]]]],[\"솔루션\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/solutions/\",[[[\"신규 업체\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/business/new-business/\"],[\"중소기업\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/business/small-business/\"],[\"엔터프라이즈\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/enterprise/\"],[\"Education\",\"https://edu.google.com/products/workspace-for-education/education-fundamentals/\"],[\"비영리단체\",\"https://www.google.com/nonprofits/\"]]]]]],[[[\"가격\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/pricing.html\",[[[\"버전 선택\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/pricing.html\"]]]],[\"Add-ons\",null,[[[\"Workspace를 위한 Gemini\",\"https://workspace.google.com/solutions/ai/\"],[\"AppSheet\",\"https://about.appsheet.com/home/\"]]]]]],[[[\"리소스\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/faq/\",[[[\"원격 근무\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/resources/working-remotely/\"],[\"보안\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/security/\"],[\"FAQ\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/faq/\"],[\"파트너\",\"https://cloud.withgoogle.com/partners/?products\\u003dGOOGLE_WORKSPACE_PRODUCT\"],[\"Marketplace\",\"https://workspace.google.com/marketplace/?hl\\u003dko\"],[\"통합\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/integrations/\"],[\"교육 및 인증\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/training/\"]]]]]],[[[\"학습 및 지원\",\"https://workspace.google.com/intl/ko/support/\",[[[\"관리자 도움말\",\"https://support.google.com/a/#topic\\u003d29157\"],[\"설치 및 배포 센터\",\"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6365252?hl\\u003dko\"],[\"사용자를 위한 학습 센터\",\"https://support.google.com/a/users?hl\\u003dko#topic\\u003d11499463\"],[\"관리자 포럼\",\"https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/apps\"],[\"Google Workspace 대시보드\",\"https://www.google.com/appsstatus#hl\\u003dko\"],[\"Google Workspace 파트너 찾기\",\"https://www.google.com/a/partnersearch/?hl\\u003dko#home\"],[\"보도자료\",\"https://cloud.google.com/press/\"]]]],[\"Google의 다른 제품\",null,[[[\"Google Cloud\",\"https://cloud.google.com/?hl\\u003dko\"],[\"Chrome Enterprise\",\"https://chromeenterprise.google/\"],[\"Google 비즈니스 솔루션\",\"https://www.google.com/intl/ko_kr/business/\"],[\"Google Ads\",\"https://ads.google.com/home/?subid\\u003dkr-ko-xs-aw-z-a-dyn-accounts_wsft!o3\"],[\"Business Messages\",\"https://businessmessages.google/\"],[\"사용자 연구 참여\",\"https://userresearch.google.com/?reserved\\u003d0\\u0026utm_source\\u003dgsuite.google.com\\u0026Q_Language\\u003den\\u0026utm_medium\\u003down_srch\\u0026utm_campaign\\u003dGlobal-GSuite\\u0026utm_term\\u003d0\\u0026utm_content\\u003d0\\u0026productTag\\u003dgafw\\u0026campaignDate\\u003dnov18\\u0026pType\\u003dbprof\\u0026referral_code\\u003dug422768\"]]]]]]]]]],[[\"de\",[[[\"Product News\",null,[[[\"Product News\",\"/blog/product-announcements/\"],[\"Workspace with Gemini\",\"/blog/workspace-with-gemini\"],[\"Gemini app\",\"/blog/gemini-app\"],[\"NotebookLM\",\"/blog/notebooklm\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/meet\"],[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/gmail\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/sheets\"],[\"Slides\",\"/blog/slides\"],[\"Vids\",\"/blog/google-vids\"],[\"Calendar\",\"/blog/calendar\"]]],[\"Explore product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],4],[\"Topics\",null,[[[\"Transforming work with AI\",\"/blog/transforming-work-with-ai\"],[\"Future of work\",\"/blog/future-of-work\"],[\"Security \\u0026 identity\",\"/blog/security-and-identity\"],[\"Enterprise-ready\",\"/blog/enterprise-ready\"],[\"Small business\",\"/blog/small-business\"],[\"Partners \\u0026 integrations\",\"/blog/partners-and-integrations\"]]],[\"Explore topics\",\"Get expert analysis on trends and workspace strategy\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(115, 186, 255, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Prectitioner\",null,[[[\"Dev tools \\u0026 APIs\",\"/blog/dev-tools-and-apis\"],[\"Dev guides\",\"/blog/dev-guides\"]]],[\"Explore developers \\u0026 practitioners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.2) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.3) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Training\",\"/blog/training\"],[\"How-to guides\",\"/blog/how-to-guides\"],[\"Best practices\",\"/blog/best-practices\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your Workspace skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.2) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.3) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#4D1D9B\"]],[\"Customer stories\",null,[[[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-and-life-sciences\"],[\"Telco\",\"/blog/telco\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Consumer packaged goods (CPG)\",\"/blog/consumer-packaged-goods-cpg\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-and-logistics\"],[\"Professional services\",\"/blog/professional-services\"],[\"Technology\",\"/blog/technology\"],[\"Education\",\"/blog/education\"]]],[\"Explore customer stories\",\"See how we work with customers to transform businesses and industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"]]]]],[\"en\",[[[\"Product News\",null,[[[\"Product News\",\"/blog/product-announcements/\"],[\"Workspace with Gemini\",\"/blog/workspace-with-gemini\"],[\"Gemini app\",\"/blog/gemini-app\"],[\"NotebookLM\",\"/blog/notebooklm\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/meet\"],[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/gmail\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/sheets\"],[\"Slides\",\"/blog/slides\"],[\"Vids\",\"/blog/google-vids\"],[\"Calendar\",\"/blog/calendar\"]]],[\"Explore product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],4],[\"Topics\",null,[[[\"Transforming work with AI\",\"/blog/transforming-work-with-ai\"],[\"Future of work\",\"/blog/future-of-work\"],[\"Security \\u0026 identity\",\"/blog/security-and-identity\"],[\"Enterprise-ready\",\"/blog/enterprise-ready\"],[\"Small business\",\"/blog/small-business\"],[\"Partners \\u0026 integrations\",\"/blog/partners-and-integrations\"]]],[\"Explore topics\",\"Get expert analysis on trends and workspace strategy\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(115, 186, 255, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Prectitioner\",null,[[[\"Dev tools \\u0026 APIs\",\"/blog/dev-tools-and-apis\"],[\"Dev guides\",\"/blog/dev-guides\"]]],[\"Explore developers \\u0026 practitioners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.2) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.3) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Training\",\"/blog/training\"],[\"How-to guides\",\"/blog/how-to-guides\"],[\"Best practices\",\"/blog/best-practices\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your Workspace skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.2) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.3) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#4D1D9B\"]],[\"Customer stories\",null,[[[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-and-life-sciences\"],[\"Telco\",\"/blog/telco\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Consumer packaged goods (CPG)\",\"/blog/consumer-packaged-goods-cpg\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-and-logistics\"],[\"Professional services\",\"/blog/professional-services\"],[\"Technology\",\"/blog/technology\"],[\"Education\",\"/blog/education\"]]],[\"Explore customer stories\",\"See how we work with customers to transform businesses and industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"]]]]],[\"fr\",[[[\"Product News\",null,[[[\"Product News\",\"/blog/product-announcements/\"],[\"Workspace with Gemini\",\"/blog/workspace-with-gemini\"],[\"Gemini app\",\"/blog/gemini-app\"],[\"NotebookLM\",\"/blog/notebooklm\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/meet\"],[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/gmail\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/sheets\"],[\"Slides\",\"/blog/slides\"],[\"Vids\",\"/blog/google-vids\"],[\"Calendar\",\"/blog/calendar\"]]],[\"Explore product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],4],[\"Topics\",null,[[[\"Transforming work with AI\",\"/blog/transforming-work-with-ai\"],[\"Future of work\",\"/blog/future-of-work\"],[\"Security \\u0026 identity\",\"/blog/security-and-identity\"],[\"Enterprise-ready\",\"/blog/enterprise-ready\"],[\"Small business\",\"/blog/small-business\"],[\"Partners \\u0026 integrations\",\"/blog/partners-and-integrations\"]]],[\"Explore topics\",\"Get expert analysis on trends and workspace strategy\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(115, 186, 255, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Prectitioner\",null,[[[\"Dev tools \\u0026 APIs\",\"/blog/dev-tools-and-apis\"],[\"Dev guides\",\"/blog/dev-guides\"]]],[\"Explore developers \\u0026 practitioners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.2) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.3) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Training\",\"/blog/training\"],[\"How-to guides\",\"/blog/how-to-guides\"],[\"Best practices\",\"/blog/best-practices\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your Workspace skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.2) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.3) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#4D1D9B\"]],[\"Customer stories\",null,[[[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-and-life-sciences\"],[\"Telco\",\"/blog/telco\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Consumer packaged goods (CPG)\",\"/blog/consumer-packaged-goods-cpg\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-and-logistics\"],[\"Professional services\",\"/blog/professional-services\"],[\"Technology\",\"/blog/technology\"],[\"Education\",\"/blog/education\"]]],[\"Explore customer stories\",\"See how we work with customers to transform businesses and industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"]]]]],[\"ja\",[[[\"Product News\",null,[[[\"Product News\",\"/blog/product-announcements/\"],[\"Workspace with Gemini\",\"/blog/workspace-with-gemini\"],[\"Gemini app\",\"/blog/gemini-app\"],[\"NotebookLM\",\"/blog/notebooklm\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/meet\"],[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/gmail\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/sheets\"],[\"Slides\",\"/blog/slides\"],[\"Vids\",\"/blog/google-vids\"],[\"Calendar\",\"/blog/calendar\"]]],[\"Explore product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],4],[\"Topics\",null,[[[\"Transforming work with AI\",\"/blog/transforming-work-with-ai\"],[\"Future of work\",\"/blog/future-of-work\"],[\"Security \\u0026 identity\",\"/blog/security-and-identity\"],[\"Enterprise-ready\",\"/blog/enterprise-ready\"],[\"Small business\",\"/blog/small-business\"],[\"Partners \\u0026 integrations\",\"/blog/partners-and-integrations\"]]],[\"Explore topics\",\"Get expert analysis on trends and workspace strategy\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(115, 186, 255, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Prectitioner\",null,[[[\"Dev tools \\u0026 APIs\",\"/blog/dev-tools-and-apis\"],[\"Dev guides\",\"/blog/dev-guides\"]]],[\"Explore developers \\u0026 practitioners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.2) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.3) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Training\",\"/blog/training\"],[\"How-to guides\",\"/blog/how-to-guides\"],[\"Best practices\",\"/blog/best-practices\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your Workspace skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.2) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.3) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#4D1D9B\"]],[\"Customer stories\",null,[[[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-and-life-sciences\"],[\"Telco\",\"/blog/telco\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Consumer packaged goods (CPG)\",\"/blog/consumer-packaged-goods-cpg\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-and-logistics\"],[\"Professional services\",\"/blog/professional-services\"],[\"Technology\",\"/blog/technology\"],[\"Education\",\"/blog/education\"]]],[\"Explore customer stories\",\"See how we work with customers to transform businesses and industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"]]]]],[\"ko\",[[[\"Product News\",null,[[[\"Product News\",\"/blog/product-announcements/\"],[\"Workspace with Gemini\",\"/blog/workspace-with-gemini\"],[\"Gemini app\",\"/blog/gemini-app\"],[\"NotebookLM\",\"/blog/notebooklm\"],[\"Meet\",\"/blog/meet\"],[\"Gmail\",\"/blog/gmail\"],[\"Chat\",\"/blog/chat-spaces\"],[\"Drive\",\"/blog/drive\"],[\"Docs\",\"/blog/docs\"],[\"Sheets\",\"/blog/sheets\"],[\"Slides\",\"/blog/slides\"],[\"Vids\",\"/blog/google-vids\"],[\"Calendar\",\"/blog/calendar\"]]],[\"Explore product news\",\"Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"],4],[\"Topics\",null,[[[\"Transforming work with AI\",\"/blog/transforming-work-with-ai\"],[\"Future of work\",\"/blog/future-of-work\"],[\"Security \\u0026 identity\",\"/blog/security-and-identity\"],[\"Enterprise-ready\",\"/blog/enterprise-ready\"],[\"Small business\",\"/blog/small-business\"],[\"Partners \\u0026 integrations\",\"/blog/partners-and-integrations\"]]],[\"Explore topics\",\"Get expert analysis on trends and workspace strategy\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(115, 186, 255, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"#004E41\"]],[\"Developers \\u0026 Prectitioner\",null,[[[\"Dev tools \\u0026 APIs\",\"/blog/dev-tools-and-apis\"],[\"Dev guides\",\"/blog/dev-guides\"]]],[\"Explore developers \\u0026 practitioners\",\"Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.2) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(255, 122, 114, 0.3) 0%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(255, 233, 33, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#202124\"]],[\"Learning\",null,[[[\"Training\",\"/blog/training\"],[\"How-to guides\",\"/blog/how-to-guides\"],[\"Best practices\",\"/blog/best-practices\"]]],[\"Explore learning\",\"Develop your Workspace skills and enhance your expertise\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.2) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 101.28%)\",\"linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(147, 120, 255, 0.3) 0%, rgba(106, 100, 253, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 101.28%)\",\"#4D1D9B\"]],[\"Customer stories\",null,[[[\"Public sector\",\"/blog/public-sector\"],[\"Financial services\",\"/blog/financial-services\"],[\"Healthcare \\u0026 life sciences\",\"/blog/healthcare-and-life-sciences\"],[\"Telco\",\"/blog/telco\"],[\"Retail\",\"/blog/retail\"],[\"Media \\u0026 entertainment\",\"/blog/media-entertainment\"],[\"Consumer packaged goods (CPG)\",\"/blog/consumer-packaged-goods-cpg\"],[\"Supply chain \\u0026 logistics\",\"/blog/supply-chain-and-logistics\"],[\"Professional services\",\"/blog/professional-services\"],[\"Technology\",\"/blog/technology\"],[\"Education\",\"/blog/education\"]]],[\"Explore customer stories\",\"See how we work with customers to transform businesses and industries\",\"/blog/products/\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)\",\"linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)\",\"#2F3793\"]]]]]]]","w2btAe":"%.@.null,null,\"\",false,null,null,true,false]","xn5OId":false,"xnI9P":true,"xwAfE":true,"y2FhP":"prod","yFnxrf":1884,"zChJod":"%.@.]"};</script><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">window["_F_toggles_default_TransformBlogUi"] = [0x400402, 0x26406, 0x20, ];</script><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">(function(){'use strict';var a=window,d=a.performance,l=k();a.cc_latency_start_time=d&&d.now?0:d&&d.timing&&d.timing.navigationStart?d.timing.navigationStart:l;function k(){return d&&d.now?d.now():(new Date).getTime()}function n(e){if(d&&d.now&&d.mark){var g=d.mark(e);if(g)return g.startTime;if(d.getEntriesByName&&(e=d.getEntriesByName(e).pop()))return e.startTime}return k()}a.onaft=function(){n("aft")};a._isLazyImage=function(e){return e.hasAttribute("data-src")||e.hasAttribute("data-ils")||e.getAttribute("loading")==="lazy"};
a.l=function(e){function g(b){var c={};c[b]=k();a.cc_latency.push(c)}function m(b){var c=n("iml");b.setAttribute("data-iml",c);return c}a.cc_aid=e;a.iml_start=a.cc_latency_start_time;a.css_size=0;a.cc_latency=[];a.ccTick=g;a.onJsLoad=function(){g("jsl")};a.onCssLoad=function(){g("cssl")};a._isVisible=function(b,c){if(!c||c.style.display=="none")return!1;var f=b.defaultView;if(f&&f.getComputedStyle&&(f=f.getComputedStyle(c),f.height=="0px"||f.width=="0px"||f.visibility=="hidden"))return!1;if(!c.getBoundingClientRect)return!0;
var h=c.getBoundingClientRect();c=h.left+a.pageXOffset;f=h.top+a.pageYOffset;if(f+h.height<0||c+h.width<0||h.height<=0||h.width<=0)return!1;b=b.documentElement;return f<=(a.innerHeight||b.clientHeight)&&c<=(a.innerWidth||b.clientWidth)};a._recordImlEl=m;document.documentElement.addEventListener("load",function(b){b=b.target;var c;b.tagName!="IMG"||b.hasAttribute("data-iid")||a._isLazyImage(b)||b.hasAttribute("data-noaft")||(c=m(b));if(a.aft_counter&&(b=a.aft_counter.indexOf(b),b!==-1&&(b=a.aft_counter.splice(b,
1).length===1,a.aft_counter.length===0&&b&&c)))a.onaft(c)},!0);a.prt=-1;a.wiz_tick=function(){var b=n("prt");a.prt=b}};}).call(this);
l('DK1zsb')</script><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">var _F_cssRowKey = 'boq-cloudx-web-blog.TransformBlogUi.yZgsDxAfBrU.L.B1.O';var _F_combinedSignature = 'AHrnUqUGNGNeCiP-_qWKs7Ba6w58X6y9Cg';function _DumpException(e) {throw e;}</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.gstatic.com/_/mss/boq-cloudx-web-blog/_/ss/k=boq-cloudx-web-blog.TransformBlogUi.yZgsDxAfBrU.L.B1.O/am=AgRAgAGZAAAC/d=1/ed=1/rs=AHrnUqXpecS6QUjjCqXIIH_7efvk5j1Ndw/m=articleview,_b,_tp" data-id="_cl" nonce="r1K4JSWSFKmOL3r92LeAZg"><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">onCssLoad();</script><style data-font-stylesheet nonce="r1K4JSWSFKmOL3r92LeAZg">@font-face{font-family:'Material Icons Extended';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialiconsextended/v154/kJEjBvgX7BgnkSrUwT8UnLVc38YydejYY-oE_LvJHMXBBA.woff2)format('woff2');}.material-icons-extended{font-family:'Material Icons Extended';font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:24px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal;direction:ltr;-webkit-font-feature-settings:'liga';-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Material Icons';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlematerialicons/v144/Gw6kwdfw6UnXLJCcmafZyFRXb3BL9rvi0QZG3Sy7X00.woff2)format('woff2');}.google-material-icons{font-family:'Google Material Icons';font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:24px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal;direction:ltr;-webkit-font-feature-settings:'liga';-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}@font-face{font-family:'Product Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/productsans/v9/pxiDypQkot1TnFhsFMOfGShVGdeOYktMqlap.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Product Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/productsans/v9/pxiDypQkot1TnFhsFMOfGShVF9eOYktMqg.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiIUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0308,U+0530-058F,U+2010,U+2024,U+25CC,U+FB13-FB17;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiAUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0980-09FE,U+1CD0,U+1CD2,U+1CD5-1CD6,U+1CD8,U+1CE1,U+1CEA,U+1CED,U+1CF2,U+1CF5-1CF7,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A8F1;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPh0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+02C7,U+02D8-02D9,U+02DB,U+0307,U+1400-167F,U+18B0-18F5,U+25CC,U+11AB0-11ABF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj8UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjYUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjMUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0900-097F,U+1CD0-1CF9,U+200C-200D,U+20A8,U+20B9,U+20F0,U+25CC,U+A830-A839,U+A8E0-A8FF,U+11B00-11B09;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiMUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+030E,U+1200-1399,U+2D80-2DDE,U+AB01-AB2E,U+1E7E0-1E7E6,U+1E7E8-1E7EB,U+1E7ED-1E7EE,U+1E7F0-1E7FE;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0589,U+10A0-10FF,U+1C90-1CBA,U+1CBD-1CBF,U+205A,U+2D00-2D2F,U+2E31;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj4UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjEUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPikUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0A80-0AFF,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A830-A839;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPhEUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0A01-0A76,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+262C,U+A830-A839;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjAUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0307-0308,U+0590-05FF,U+200C-2010,U+20AA,U+25CC,U+FB1D-FB4F;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjkUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1780-17FF,U+19E0-19FF,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjsUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0E81-0EDF,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPioUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0307,U+0323,U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0D00-0D7F,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A830-A832;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPisUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0B01-0B77,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi8UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0964-0965,U+0D81-0DF4,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+25CC,U+111E1-111F4;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPlwUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiQUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0964-0965,U+0B82-0BFA,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi4UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0C00-0C7F,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiYUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+02D7,U+0303,U+0331,U+0E01-0E5B,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjwUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjIUvbQoi-E.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiIUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0308,U+0530-058F,U+2010,U+2024,U+25CC,U+FB13-FB17;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiAUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0980-09FE,U+1CD0,U+1CD2,U+1CD5-1CD6,U+1CD8,U+1CE1,U+1CEA,U+1CED,U+1CF2,U+1CF5-1CF7,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A8F1;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPh0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+02C7,U+02D8-02D9,U+02DB,U+0307,U+1400-167F,U+18B0-18F5,U+25CC,U+11AB0-11ABF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj8UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjYUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjMUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0900-097F,U+1CD0-1CF9,U+200C-200D,U+20A8,U+20B9,U+20F0,U+25CC,U+A830-A839,U+A8E0-A8FF,U+11B00-11B09;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiMUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+030E,U+1200-1399,U+2D80-2DDE,U+AB01-AB2E,U+1E7E0-1E7E6,U+1E7E8-1E7EB,U+1E7ED-1E7EE,U+1E7F0-1E7FE;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0589,U+10A0-10FF,U+1C90-1CBA,U+1CBD-1CBF,U+205A,U+2D00-2D2F,U+2E31;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj4UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjEUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPikUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0A80-0AFF,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A830-A839;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPhEUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0A01-0A76,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+262C,U+A830-A839;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjAUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0307-0308,U+0590-05FF,U+200C-2010,U+20AA,U+25CC,U+FB1D-FB4F;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjkUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1780-17FF,U+19E0-19FF,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjsUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0E81-0EDF,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPioUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0307,U+0323,U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0D00-0D7F,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A830-A832;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPisUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0B01-0B77,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi8UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0964-0965,U+0D81-0DF4,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+25CC,U+111E1-111F4;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPlwUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiQUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0964-0965,U+0B82-0BFA,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi4UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0C00-0C7F,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiYUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+02D7,U+0303,U+0331,U+0E01-0E5B,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjwUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjIUvbQoi-E.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiIUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0308,U+0530-058F,U+2010,U+2024,U+25CC,U+FB13-FB17;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiAUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0980-09FE,U+1CD0,U+1CD2,U+1CD5-1CD6,U+1CD8,U+1CE1,U+1CEA,U+1CED,U+1CF2,U+1CF5-1CF7,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A8F1;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPh0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+02C7,U+02D8-02D9,U+02DB,U+0307,U+1400-167F,U+18B0-18F5,U+25CC,U+11AB0-11ABF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj8UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjYUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjMUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0900-097F,U+1CD0-1CF9,U+200C-200D,U+20A8,U+20B9,U+20F0,U+25CC,U+A830-A839,U+A8E0-A8FF,U+11B00-11B09;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiMUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+030E,U+1200-1399,U+2D80-2DDE,U+AB01-AB2E,U+1E7E0-1E7E6,U+1E7E8-1E7EB,U+1E7ED-1E7EE,U+1E7F0-1E7FE;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0589,U+10A0-10FF,U+1C90-1CBA,U+1CBD-1CBF,U+205A,U+2D00-2D2F,U+2E31;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj4UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1F00-1FFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjEUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPikUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0A80-0AFF,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A830-A839;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPhEUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0A01-0A76,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+262C,U+A830-A839;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjAUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0307-0308,U+0590-05FF,U+200C-2010,U+20AA,U+25CC,U+FB1D-FB4F;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjkUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+1780-17FF,U+19E0-19FF,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjsUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0E81-0EDF,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPioUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0307,U+0323,U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0D00-0D7F,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC,U+A830-A832;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPisUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0B01-0B77,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi8UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0964-0965,U+0D81-0DF4,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+25CC,U+111E1-111F4;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPlwUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0001-000C,U+000E-001F,U+007F-009F,U+20DD-20E0,U+20E2-20E4,U+2150-218F,U+2190,U+2192,U+2194-2199,U+21AF,U+21E6-21F0,U+21F3,U+2218-2219,U+2299,U+22C4-22C6,U+2300-243F,U+2440-244A,U+2460-24FF,U+25A0-27BF,U+2800-28FF,U+2921-2922,U+2981,U+29BF,U+29EB,U+2B00-2BFF,U+4DC0-4DFF,U+FFF9-FFFB,U+10140-1018E,U+10190-1019C,U+101A0,U+101D0-101FD,U+102E0-102FB,U+10E60-10E7E,U+1D2C0-1D2D3,U+1D2E0-1D37F,U+1F000-1F0FF,U+1F100-1F1AD,U+1F1E6-1F1FF,U+1F30D-1F30F,U+1F315,U+1F31C,U+1F31E,U+1F320-1F32C,U+1F336,U+1F378,U+1F37D,U+1F382,U+1F393-1F39F,U+1F3A7-1F3A8,U+1F3AC-1F3AF,U+1F3C2,U+1F3C4-1F3C6,U+1F3CA-1F3CE,U+1F3D4-1F3E0,U+1F3ED,U+1F3F1-1F3F3,U+1F3F5-1F3F7,U+1F408,U+1F415,U+1F41F,U+1F426,U+1F43F,U+1F441-1F442,U+1F444,U+1F446-1F449,U+1F44C-1F44E,U+1F453,U+1F46A,U+1F47D,U+1F4A3,U+1F4B0,U+1F4B3,U+1F4B9,U+1F4BB,U+1F4BF,U+1F4C8-1F4CB,U+1F4D6,U+1F4DA,U+1F4DF,U+1F4E3-1F4E6,U+1F4EA-1F4ED,U+1F4F7,U+1F4F9-1F4FB,U+1F4FD-1F4FE,U+1F503,U+1F507-1F50B,U+1F50D,U+1F512-1F513,U+1F53E-1F54A,U+1F54F-1F5FA,U+1F610,U+1F650-1F67F,U+1F687,U+1F68D,U+1F691,U+1F694,U+1F698,U+1F6AD,U+1F6B2,U+1F6B9-1F6BA,U+1F6BC,U+1F6C6-1F6CF,U+1F6D3-1F6D7,U+1F6E0-1F6EA,U+1F6F0-1F6F3,U+1F6F7-1F6FC,U+1F700-1F7FF,U+1F800-1F80B,U+1F810-1F847,U+1F850-1F859,U+1F860-1F887,U+1F890-1F8AD,U+1F8B0-1F8BB,U+1F8C0-1F8C1,U+1F900-1F90B,U+1F93B,U+1F946,U+1F984,U+1F996,U+1F9E9,U+1FA00-1FA6F,U+1FA70-1FA7C,U+1FA80-1FA89,U+1FA8F-1FAC6,U+1FACE-1FADC,U+1FADF-1FAE9,U+1FAF0-1FAF8,U+1FB00-1FBFF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiQUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0964-0965,U+0B82-0BFA,U+200C-200D,U+20B9,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPi4UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0951-0952,U+0964-0965,U+0C00-0C7F,U+1CDA,U+1CF2,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPiYUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+02D7,U+0303,U+0331,U+0E01-0E5B,U+200C-200D,U+25CC;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPj0UvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjwUvbQoi-Entw.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesans/v62/4UasrENHsxJlGDuGo1OIlJfC6l_24rlCK1Yo_Iqcsih3SAyH6cAwhX9RPjIUvbQoi-E.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8FacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVDvr9oT3ZQZRENA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8FacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVDv39oT3ZQZRENA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8FacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVDvH9oT3ZQZRENA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8FacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVDvD9oT3ZQZRENA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8FacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVDv79oT3ZQZQ.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBg3etBT7TL5-PQEKcA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBg3etBP7TL5-PQEKcA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBg3etB_7TL5-PQEKcA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBg3etB77TL5-PQEKcA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBg3etBD7TL5-PQE.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBkXYtBT7TL5-PQEKcA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBkXYtBP7TL5-PQEKcA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBkXYtB_7TL5-PQEKcA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBkXYtB77TL5-PQEKcA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Sans Display';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/googlesansdisplay/v13/ea8IacM9Wef3EJPWRrHjgE4B6CnlZxHVBkXYtBD7TL5-PQE.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Google Symbols';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/l/font?kit=HhzMU5Ak9u-oMExPeInvcuEmPosC9zyteYEFU68cPrjdKM1XLPTxlGmzczpgWvF1d8Yp7AudBnt3CPar1JFWjoLAUv3G-tSNljixIIGUsC62cYrKiAwGax-fp9PtdVq68d0yHSjUy2BdPvfEJ2rDQwn79OOKv3UwEzsxQ4hmXu95&skey=f8ec4d50247dc1c1&v=v456)format('woff2');}.google-symbols{font-family:'Google Symbols';font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:24px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal;direction:ltr;-webkit-font-feature-settings:'liga';-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;}</style><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">(function(){'use strict';function g(){var a=k,b=0;return function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}}};/*
Copyright The Closure Library Authors.
SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
var l=this||self;/*
Copyright 2024 Google, Inc
SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*/
var m=["focus","blur","error","load","toggle"];function n(a){return a==="mouseenter"?"mouseover":a==="mouseleave"?"mouseout":a==="pointerenter"?"pointerover":a==="pointerleave"?"pointerout":a};function p(a){this.l={};this.m={};this.j=null;this.i=[];this.o=a}p.prototype.handleEvent=function(a,b,c){q(this,{eventType:a,event:b,targetElement:b.target,eic:c,timeStamp:Date.now(),eia:void 0,eirp:void 0,eiack:void 0})};function q(a,b){if(a.j)a.j(b);else{b.eirp=!0;var c;(c=a.i)==null||c.push(b)}}
function r(a,b,c){if(!(b in a.l)&&a.o){var e=function(f,d,B){a.handleEvent(f,d,B)};a.l[b]=e;c=n(c||b);if(c!==b){var h=a.m[c]||[];h.push(b);a.m[c]=h}a.o.addEventListener(c,function(f){return function(d){e(b,d,f)}},void 0)}}p.prototype.handler=function(a){return this.l[a]};p.prototype.ecrd=function(a){this.j=a;var b;if((b=this.i)==null?0:b.length){for(a=0;a<this.i.length;a++)q(this,this.i[a]);this.i=null}};function t(a){this.element=a;this.i=[]}t.prototype.addEventListener=function(a,b,c){var e=this.i,h=e.push,f=this.element;b=b(this.element);var d=!1;m.indexOf(a)>=0&&(d=!0);f.addEventListener(a,b,typeof c==="boolean"?{capture:d,passive:c}:d);h.call(e,{eventType:a,handler:b,capture:d,passive:c})};var k="click dblclick focus focusin blur error focusout keydown keyup keypress load mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave mousemove submit toggle touchstart touchend touchmove touchcancel auxclick change compositionstart compositionupdate compositionend beforeinput input select selectstart textinput copy cut paste mousedown mouseup wheel contextmenu dragover dragenter dragleave drop dragstart dragend pointerdown pointermove pointerup pointercancel pointerenter pointerleave pointerover pointerout gotpointercapture lostpointercapture ended loadedmetadata pagehide pageshow visibilitychange beforematch".split(" ");
if(!(k instanceof Array)){var u;var v=typeof Symbol!="undefined"&&Symbol.iterator&&k[Symbol.iterator];if(v)u=v.call(k);else if(typeof k.length=="number")u={next:g()};else throw Error(String(k)+" is not an iterable or ArrayLike");for(var w,x=[];!(w=u.next()).done;)x.push(w.value)};var y=function(a){return{trigger:function(b){var c=a.handler(b.type);c||(r(a,b.type),c=a.handler(b.type));var e=b.target||b.srcElement;c&&c(b.type,b,e.ownerDocument.documentElement)},configure:function(b){b(a)}}}(function(){var a=window,b=new t(a.document.documentElement),c=new p(b);k.forEach(function(d){return r(c,d)});var e,h,f;"onwebkitanimationend"in a&&(e="webkitAnimationEnd");r(c,"animationend",e);"onwebkitanimationstart"in a&&(h="webkitAnimationStart");r(c,"animationstart",h);r(c,"animationcancel");
"onwebkittransitionend"in a&&(f="webkitTransitionEnd");r(c,"transitionend",f);return{u:c,container:b}}().u),z=["BOQ_wizbind"],A=window||l,C;for(;z.length&&(C=z.shift());)z.length||y===void 0?A[C]&&A[C]!==Object.prototype[C]?A=A[C]:A=A[C]={}:A[C]=y;}).call(this);
</script><script noCollect src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/mss/boq-cloudx-web-blog/_/js/k=boq-cloudx-web-blog.TransformBlogUi.en_US.wJiMbTLBlzA.2018.O/am=AAAAAACZ/d=1/excm=_b,_tp,articleview/ed=1/dg=0/wt=2/ujg=1/rs=AHrnUqVxHxeZ_6gyIm6jL7m-uySGzhDRDQ/dti=1/m=_b,_tp" defer id="base-js" fetchpriority="high" nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ"></script><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">if (window.BOQ_loadedInitialJS) {onJsLoad();} else {document.getElementById('base-js').addEventListener('load', onJsLoad, false);}</script><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">
window['_wjdc'] = function (d) {window['_wjdd'] = d};
</script><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Management Tools" href="https://cloudblog.withgoogle.com/products/management-tools/rss"><title>Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons | Google Cloud Blog</title><meta name="description" content="This CRE life lessons post delves into service-level indicator (SLIs) metrics and how they should relate to and capture customer experience."><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta property="og:title" content="Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons | Google Cloud Blog"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:url" content="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons"><meta property="og:image" content="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png"><meta property="og:description" content="This CRE life lessons post delves into service-level indicator (SLIs) metrics and how they should relate to and capture customer experience."><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Cloud Blog"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons | Google Cloud Blog"><meta name="twitter:description" content="This CRE life lessons post delves into service-level indicator (SLIs) metrics and how they should relate to and capture customer experience."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@googlecloud"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons","headline":"Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons","description":"This CRE life lessons post delves into service-level indicator (SLIs) metrics and how they should relate to and capture customer experience.","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Adrian Hilton","url":""},{"@type":"Person","name":"Yaniv Aknin","url":""}],"datePublished":"2019-01-31","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Google Cloud","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.gstatic.com/cgc/google-cloud-logo.svg"}},"url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons","keywords":["Management Tools","Google Cloud"],"timeRequired":"PT11M"}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons/"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_title" content="Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_labels" content="Management Tools"><meta name="track-metadata-page_first_published" content="2019-01-30 17:01:00"><meta name="published_time" content="2019-01-30T17:00:05-0800"><meta name="track-metadata-page_last_published" content="2019-01-30 17:01:00"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_author" content="Adrian Hilton"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_author_role" content="Customer Reliability Engineer, SRE"><meta name="authors" content="Adrian Hilton,Yaniv Aknin"><meta name="page" content="38670"><meta name="locale" content="en"><meta name="content_type" content="blog.articlepage"><meta name="tags" content="Management Tools,Google Cloud"><meta name="read_duration" content="11"><header jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="o60eef" class="glue-header nRhiJb-tJHJj-OWXEXe-kFx1Ae" id="kO001e"><a href="./#content" class="glue-header__link glue-header__skip-content">Jump to Content</a><div class="glue-header__bar glue-header__bar--mobile DFb9Jf" track-metadata-module="header"><div class="nRhiJb-mb9u9d"><div class="glue-header__container JF2WI"><div class="nRhiJb-o2XRw-yHKmmc lUwpmd"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe"><a class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-hSRGPd" href="https://cloud.google.com/" title="Google Cloud" track-name="google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/"track-metadata-module="header"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-haAclf"><svg class="glue-header__logo-svg" viewBox="0 0 74 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#4285F4" d="M9.24 8.19v2.46h5.88c-.18 1.38-.64 2.39-1.34 3.1-.86.86-2.2 1.8-4.54 1.8-3.62 0-6.45-2.92-6.45-6.54s2.83-6.54 6.45-6.54c1.95 0 3.38.77 4.43 1.76L15.4 2.5C13.94 1.08 11.98 0 9.24 0 4.28 0 .11 4.04.11 9s4.17 9 9.13 9c2.68 0 4.7-.88 6.28-2.52 1.62-1.62 2.13-3.91 2.13-5.75 0-.57-.04-1.1-.13-1.54H9.24z"></path><path fill="#EA4335" d="M25 6.19c-3.21 0-5.83 2.44-5.83 5.81 0 3.34 2.62 5.81 5.83 5.81s5.83-2.46 5.83-5.81c0-3.37-2.62-5.81-5.83-5.81zm0 9.33c-1.76 0-3.28-1.45-3.28-3.52 0-2.09 1.52-3.52 3.28-3.52s3.28 1.43 3.28 3.52c0 2.07-1.52 3.52-3.28 3.52z"></path><path fill="#4285F4" d="M53.58 7.49h-.09c-.57-.68-1.67-1.3-3.06-1.3C47.53 6.19 45 8.72 45 12c0 3.26 2.53 5.81 5.43 5.81 1.39 0 2.49-.62 3.06-1.32h.09v.81c0 2.22-1.19 3.41-3.1 3.41-1.56 0-2.53-1.12-2.93-2.07l-2.22.92c.64 1.54 2.33 3.43 5.15 3.43 2.99 0 5.52-1.76 5.52-6.05V6.49h-2.42v1zm-2.93 8.03c-1.76 0-3.1-1.5-3.1-3.52 0-2.05 1.34-3.52 3.1-3.52 1.74 0 3.1 1.5 3.1 3.54.01 2.03-1.36 3.5-3.1 3.5z"></path><path fill="#FBBC05" d="M38 6.19c-3.21 0-5.83 2.44-5.83 5.81 0 3.34 2.62 5.81 5.83 5.81s5.83-2.46 5.83-5.81c0-3.37-2.62-5.81-5.83-5.81zm0 9.33c-1.76 0-3.28-1.45-3.28-3.52 0-2.09 1.52-3.52 3.28-3.52s3.28 1.43 3.28 3.52c0 2.07-1.52 3.52-3.28 3.52z"></path><path fill="#34A853" d="M58 .24h2.51v17.57H58z"></path><path fill="#EA4335" d="M68.26 15.52c-1.3 0-2.22-.59-2.82-1.76l7.77-3.21-.26-.66c-.48-1.3-1.96-3.7-4.97-3.7-2.99 0-5.48 2.35-5.48 5.81 0 3.26 2.46 5.81 5.76 5.81 2.66 0 4.2-1.63 4.84-2.57l-1.98-1.32c-.66.96-1.56 1.6-2.86 1.6zm-.18-7.15c1.03 0 1.91.53 2.2 1.28l-5.25 2.17c0-2.44 1.73-3.45 3.05-3.45z"></path></svg></div><span class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-OWXEXe-UBMNlb khBwGd">Cloud</span></a></div></div><div class="glue-header__hamburger s6BfRd"><button class="glue-header__drawer-toggle-btn" aria-label="Open the navigation drawer"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="nRhiJb-o2XRw-yHKmmc UrjqX"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe"><a class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-hSRGPd" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/" title="Google Cloud Blog" track-name="blog"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/"track-metadata-module="header"><span class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-OWXEXe-UBMNlb khBwGd">Blog</span></a></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__container ca6rub"><div class="nRhiJb-GUI8l"><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-pSzOP-o6Shpd " href="https://cloud.google.com/contact/" track-name="contact sales"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/contact/"track-metadata-module="header" track-name="contact sales"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/contact/">Contact sales </a><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-CNusmb-o6Shpd " href="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/" track-name="get started for free"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/"track-metadata-module="header" track-name="get started for free"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/">Get started for free </a></div><div class="GKI4ub"><div class="Jhiezd"><form action="/blog/search/" class="A2C6Ob"><input class="BAhdXd" jsname="oJAbI" name="query" type="text" placeholder="Find an article..."><input type="hidden" name="language" value=en hidden><input type="hidden" name="category" value=article hidden><input type="hidden" name="paginate" value="25" hidden><input type="hidden" name="order" value="newest" hidden><input type="hidden" name="hl" value=en hidden><span class="A0lwXc" jsname="D8MWrd" aria-label="Show the search input field." role="button" jsaction="click:jUF4E"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" width="40" height="22"><path d="M20.49 19l-5.73-5.73C15.53 12.2 16 10.91 16 9.5A6.5 6.5 0 1 0 9.5 16c1.41 0 2.7-.47 3.77-1.24L19 20.49 20.49 19zM5 9.5C5 7.01 7.01 5 9.5 5S14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14 5 11.99 5 9.5z"></path></svg></span></form></div></div></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__bar glue-header__bar--desktop glue-header__drawer YcctDe" track-metadata-module="header"><div class="nRhiJb-mb9u9d M7RUq"><div class="glue-header__container JF2WI"><div class="nRhiJb-o2XRw-yHKmmc lUwpmd"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe"><a class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-hSRGPd" href="https://cloud.google.com/" title="Google Cloud" track-name="google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/"track-metadata-module="header"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-haAclf"><svg class="glue-header__logo-svg" viewBox="0 0 74 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#4285F4" d="M9.24 8.19v2.46h5.88c-.18 1.38-.64 2.39-1.34 3.1-.86.86-2.2 1.8-4.54 1.8-3.62 0-6.45-2.92-6.45-6.54s2.83-6.54 6.45-6.54c1.95 0 3.38.77 4.43 1.76L15.4 2.5C13.94 1.08 11.98 0 9.24 0 4.28 0 .11 4.04.11 9s4.17 9 9.13 9c2.68 0 4.7-.88 6.28-2.52 1.62-1.62 2.13-3.91 2.13-5.75 0-.57-.04-1.1-.13-1.54H9.24z"></path><path fill="#EA4335" d="M25 6.19c-3.21 0-5.83 2.44-5.83 5.81 0 3.34 2.62 5.81 5.83 5.81s5.83-2.46 5.83-5.81c0-3.37-2.62-5.81-5.83-5.81zm0 9.33c-1.76 0-3.28-1.45-3.28-3.52 0-2.09 1.52-3.52 3.28-3.52s3.28 1.43 3.28 3.52c0 2.07-1.52 3.52-3.28 3.52z"></path><path fill="#4285F4" d="M53.58 7.49h-.09c-.57-.68-1.67-1.3-3.06-1.3C47.53 6.19 45 8.72 45 12c0 3.26 2.53 5.81 5.43 5.81 1.39 0 2.49-.62 3.06-1.32h.09v.81c0 2.22-1.19 3.41-3.1 3.41-1.56 0-2.53-1.12-2.93-2.07l-2.22.92c.64 1.54 2.33 3.43 5.15 3.43 2.99 0 5.52-1.76 5.52-6.05V6.49h-2.42v1zm-2.93 8.03c-1.76 0-3.1-1.5-3.1-3.52 0-2.05 1.34-3.52 3.1-3.52 1.74 0 3.1 1.5 3.1 3.54.01 2.03-1.36 3.5-3.1 3.5z"></path><path fill="#FBBC05" d="M38 6.19c-3.21 0-5.83 2.44-5.83 5.81 0 3.34 2.62 5.81 5.83 5.81s5.83-2.46 5.83-5.81c0-3.37-2.62-5.81-5.83-5.81zm0 9.33c-1.76 0-3.28-1.45-3.28-3.52 0-2.09 1.52-3.52 3.28-3.52s3.28 1.43 3.28 3.52c0 2.07-1.52 3.52-3.28 3.52z"></path><path fill="#34A853" d="M58 .24h2.51v17.57H58z"></path><path fill="#EA4335" d="M68.26 15.52c-1.3 0-2.22-.59-2.82-1.76l7.77-3.21-.26-.66c-.48-1.3-1.96-3.7-4.97-3.7-2.99 0-5.48 2.35-5.48 5.81 0 3.26 2.46 5.81 5.76 5.81 2.66 0 4.2-1.63 4.84-2.57l-1.98-1.32c-.66.96-1.56 1.6-2.86 1.6zm-.18-7.15c1.03 0 1.91.53 2.2 1.28l-5.25 2.17c0-2.44 1.73-3.45 3.05-3.45z"></path></svg></div><span class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-OWXEXe-UBMNlb khBwGd">Cloud</span></a></div></div><div class="nRhiJb-o2XRw-yHKmmc UrjqX"><div class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe"><a class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-hSRGPd" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/" title="Google Cloud Blog" track-name="blog"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/"track-metadata-module="header"><span class="nRhiJb-rSCjMe-OWXEXe-UBMNlb khBwGd">Blog</span></a></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__container glue-header__stepped-nav LKvi8b" role="navigation"><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-container"><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls"><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-arrow"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M16.41 5.41L15 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L9.83 12"></path></svg><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G glue-header__stepped-nav-subnav-icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M7.59 18.59L9 20l8-8-8-8-1.41 1.41L14.17 12"></path></svg></div><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-controls-title glue-header__link"></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__stepped-nav-menus"></div></div><div class="glue-header__container nRhiJb-J6KYL-OWXEXe-Q4irje"><nav class="glue-header__link-bar"><ul class="glue-header__list glue-header__list--nested glue-header__deep-nav URiJfb"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link">Solutions &amp; technology<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5.41 7.59L4 9l8 8 8-8-1.41-1.41L12 14.17"></path></svg></a><ul class="glue-header__list NDdrcc"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning" track-name="ai &amp; machine learning"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning"track-metadata-module="header"><span>AI &amp; Machine Learning</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/api-management" track-name="api management"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/api-management"track-metadata-module="header"><span>API Management</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development" track-name="application development"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Application Development</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization" track-name="application modernization"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-modernization"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Application Modernization</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/chrome-enterprise" track-name="chrome enterprise"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/chrome-enterprise"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Chrome Enterprise</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute" track-name="compute"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/compute"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Compute</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes" track-name="containers &amp; kubernetes"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/containers-kubernetes"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Containers &amp; Kubernetes</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/data-analytics" track-name="data analytics"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/data-analytics"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Data Analytics</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases" track-name="databases"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Databases</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre" track-name="devops &amp; sre"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre"track-metadata-module="header"><span>DevOps &amp; SRE</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/maps-geospatial" track-name="maps &amp; geospatial"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/maps-geospatial"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Maps &amp; Geospatial</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap">Security<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M7.59 18.59L9 20l8-8-8-8-1.41 1.41L14.17 12"></path></svg></a><ul class="glue-header__list NDdrcc"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security" track-name="security &amp; identity"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Security &amp; Identity</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence" track-name="threat intelligence"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Threat Intelligence</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure" track-name="infrastructure"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Infrastructure</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization" track-name="infrastructure modernization"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Infrastructure Modernization</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking" track-name="networking"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Networking</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/productivity-collaboration" track-name="productivity &amp; collaboration"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/productivity-collaboration"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Productivity &amp; Collaboration</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/sap-google-cloud" track-name="sap on google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/sap-google-cloud"track-metadata-module="header"><span>SAP on Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/storage-data-transfer" track-name="storage &amp; data transfer"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/storage-data-transfer"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Storage &amp; Data Transfer</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/sustainability" track-name="sustainability"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/sustainability"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Sustainability</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link">Ecosystem<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M5.41 7.59L4 9l8 8 8-8-1.41-1.41L12 14.17"></path></svg></a><ul class="glue-header__list NDdrcc"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/transform" track-name="it leaders"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/transform"track-metadata-module="header"><span>IT Leaders</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap">Industries<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M7.59 18.59L9 20l8-8-8-8-1.41 1.41L14.17 12"></path></svg></a><ul class="glue-header__list NDdrcc"><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/financial-services" track-name="financial services"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/financial-services"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Financial Services</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences" track-name="healthcare &amp; life sciences"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Healthcare &amp; Life Sciences</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/manufacturing" track-name="manufacturing"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/manufacturing"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Manufacturing</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/media-entertainment" track-name="media &amp; entertainment"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/media-entertainment"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Media &amp; Entertainment</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/public-sector" track-name="public sector"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/public-sector"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Public Sector</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/retail" track-name="retail"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/retail"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Retail</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics" track-name="supply chain"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Supply Chain</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/telecommunications" track-name="telecommunications"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/telecommunications"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Telecommunications</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/partners" track-name="partners"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/partners"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Partners</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/startups" track-name="startups &amp; smb"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/startups"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Startups &amp; SMB</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/training-certifications" track-name="training &amp; certifications"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/training-certifications"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Training &amp; Certifications</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud" track-name="inside google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Inside Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/google-cloud-next" track-name="google cloud next &amp; events"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/google-cloud-next"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Google Cloud Next &amp; Events</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/consulting" track-name="google cloud consulting"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/consulting"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Google Cloud Consulting</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/" track-name="google maps platform"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/"track-metadata-module="header" target="_blank"><span>Google Maps Platform<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G FsOzib nRhiJb-tHaKme-AipIyc" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m8.9 16.075 5.4-5.4v2.675h1.4V8.3h-5.05v1.4h2.65l-5.375 5.375ZM12 21.3q-1.925 0-3.625-.738-1.7-.737-2.95-1.987-1.25-1.25-1.987-2.95Q2.7 13.925 2.7 12t.738-3.625q.737-1.7 1.987-2.95 1.25-1.25 2.95-1.988Q10.075 2.7 12 2.7t3.625.737q1.7.738 2.95 1.988 1.25 1.25 1.987 2.95.738 1.7.738 3.625t-.738 3.625q-.737 1.7-1.987 2.95-1.25 1.25-2.95 1.987-1.7.738-3.625.738Z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link janap " href="https://workspace.google.com/blog" track-name="google workspace"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="workspace.google.com/blog"track-metadata-module="header" target="_blank"><span>Google Workspace<svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-SFi8G FsOzib nRhiJb-tHaKme-AipIyc" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m8.9 16.075 5.4-5.4v2.675h1.4V8.3h-5.05v1.4h2.65l-5.375 5.375ZM12 21.3q-1.925 0-3.625-.738-1.7-.737-2.95-1.987-1.25-1.25-1.987-2.95Q2.7 13.925 2.7 12t.738-3.625q.737-1.7 1.987-2.95 1.25-1.25 2.95-1.988Q10.075 2.7 12 2.7t3.625.737q1.7.738 2.95 1.988 1.25 1.25 1.987 2.95.738 1.7.738 3.625t-.738 3.625q-.737 1.7-1.987 2.95-1.25 1.25-2.95 1.987-1.7.738-3.625.738Z"></path></svg></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link " href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners" track-name="developers &amp; practitioners"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/topics/developers-practitioners"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Developers &amp; Practitioners</span></a></li><li class="glue-header__item "><a class="glue-header__link " href="https://cloud.google.com/transform" track-name="transform with google cloud"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/transform"track-metadata-module="header"><span>Transform with Google Cloud</span></a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="glue-header__container ca6rub nRhiJb-J6KYL-OWXEXe-SU0ZEf"><div class="nRhiJb-GUI8l"><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-pSzOP-o6Shpd " href="https://cloud.google.com/contact/" track-name="contact sales"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/contact/"track-metadata-module="header" track-name="contact sales"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/contact/">Contact sales </a><a class="nRhiJb-LgbsSe nRhiJb-LgbsSe-OWXEXe-CNusmb-o6Shpd " href="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/" track-name="get started for free"track-type="blog nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/"track-metadata-module="header" track-name="get started for free"track-type="button"track-metadata-position="nav"track-metadata-eventdetail="console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/">Get started for free </a></div><div class="GKI4ub"><div class="Jhiezd"><form action="/blog/search/" class="A2C6Ob"><input class="BAhdXd" jsname="oJAbI" name="query" type="text" placeholder="Find an article..."><input type="hidden" name="language" value=en hidden><input type="hidden" name="category" value=article hidden><input type="hidden" name="paginate" value="25" hidden><input type="hidden" name="order" value="newest" hidden><input type="hidden" name="hl" value=en hidden><span class="A0lwXc" jsname="D8MWrd" aria-label="Show the search input field." role="button" jsaction="click:jUF4E"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" width="40" height="22"><path d="M20.49 19l-5.73-5.73C15.53 12.2 16 10.91 16 9.5A6.5 6.5 0 1 0 9.5 16c1.41 0 2.7-.47 3.77-1.24L19 20.49 20.49 19zM5 9.5C5 7.01 7.01 5 9.5 5S14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14 5 11.99 5 9.5z"></path></svg></span></form></div></div></div></div></div><div class="glue-header__drawer-backdrop"></div></header><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">var AF_initDataKeys = ["ds:0"]; var AF_dataServiceRequests = {'ds:0' : {id:'nInjGe',request:["cloudblog","products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons","en"]}}; var AF_initDataChunkQueue = []; var AF_initDataCallback; var AF_initDataInitializeCallback; if (AF_initDataInitializeCallback) {AF_initDataInitializeCallback(AF_initDataKeys, AF_initDataChunkQueue, AF_dataServiceRequests);}if (!AF_initDataCallback) {AF_initDataCallback = function(chunk) {AF_initDataChunkQueue.push(chunk);};}</script></head><body id="yDmH0d" jscontroller="pjICDe" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; click:FAbpgf; auxclick:FAbpgf" class="tQj5Y ghyPEc IqBfM ecJEib EWZcud nRhiJb-qJTHM" data-has-header="true" data-has-footer="true"><script aria-hidden="true" nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress();</script><div class="VUoKZ" aria-hidden="true"><div class="TRHLAc"></div></div><c-wiz jsrenderer="zPZHOe" class="SSPGKf" jsdata="deferred-i1" data-p="%.@.&quot;cloudblog&quot;,&quot;products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons&quot;,&quot;en&quot;]" data-node-index="0;0" jsmodel="hc6Ubd" view c-wiz data-ogpc><div class="T4LgNb " jsname="a9kxte"><div jsname="qJTHM" class="kFwPee"><article class="nRhiJb-qJTHM" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="kxO7ab"><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="Wdmc0c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd dIsJJe" track-name="management tools"track-type="tag">Management Tools</div><div class="nRhiJb-ObfsIf"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-R6PoUb"></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-EehZO nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe"><h1 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-ibL1re"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-ibL1re"><span class="FewWi"></span>Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons</div></h1></div></div><div class="nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe dEogG">January 30, 2019</div></div></section><div class="EKklye"><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf ZWw7T"><div class="npzWPc"><div class="dzoHJ"><div class="nRhiJb-DX2B6 nRhiJb-DX2B6-OWXEXe-h30Snd"><div class="nRhiJb-j5y3u"><ul class="nRhiJb-Qijihe phRaUe" role="list"><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=Tune%20up%20your%20SLI%20metrics:%20CRE%20life%20lessons%20@googlecloud&amp;url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons" track-name="x"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="x.com/intent/tweet?text=Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons%20@googlecloud&amp;url=cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.9,10.5L21.1,2h-1.7l-6.3,7.4L8,2H2.2l7.6,11.1L2.2,22h1.7l6.7-7.8L16,22h5.8L13.9,10.5L13.9,10.5z M11.5,13.2l-0.8-1.1 L4.6,3.3h2.7l5,7.1l0.8,1.1l6.5,9.2h-2.7L11.5,13.2L11.5,13.2z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons&amp;title=Tune%20up%20your%20SLI%20metrics:%20CRE%20life%20lessons" track-name="linkedin"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons&amp;title=Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 2H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 20c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM8 19H5v-9h3v9zM6.5 8.31c-1 0-1.81-.81-1.81-1.81S5.5 4.69 6.5 4.69s1.81.81 1.81 1.81S7.5 8.31 6.5 8.31zM19 19h-3v-5.3c0-.83-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5s-1.5.67-1.5 1.5V19h-3v-9h3v1.2c.52-.84 1.59-1.4 2.5-1.4 1.93 0 3.5 1.57 3.5 3.5V19z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?caption=Tune%20up%20your%20SLI%20metrics:%20CRE%20life%20lessons&amp;u=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons" track-name="facebook"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?caption=Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons&amp;u=cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 2H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 20c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-1 2v3h-2c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v2h3v3h-3v7h-3v-7h-2v-3h2V7.5C13 5.57 14.57 4 16.5 4H19z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="mailto:?subject=Tune%20up%20your%20SLI%20metrics:%20CRE%20life%20lessons&amp;body=Check%20out%20this%20article%20on%20the%20Cloud%20Blog:%0A%0ATune%20up%20your%20SLI%20metrics:%20CRE%20life%20lessons%0A%0AThis%20CRE%20life%20lessons%20post%20delves%20into%20service-level%20indicator%20%28SLIs%29%20metrics%20and%20how%20they%20should%20relate%20to%20and%20capture%20customer%20experience.%0A%0Ahttps://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons" track-name="email"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="mailto:?subject=Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons&amp;body=Check%20out%20this%20article%20on%20the%20Cloud%20Blog:%0A%0ATune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons%0A%0AThis CRE life lessons post delves into service-level indicator (SLIs) metrics and how they should relate to and capture customer experience.%0A%0Acloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-.8 2L12 10.8 4.8 6h14.4zM4 18V7.87l8 5.33 8-5.33V18H4z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div><section class="nRhiJb-RWrDld WWjeSb"><div class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="VI2oYd"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" rFf1Dd" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png" loading="lazy"/></section></div></div></div></section><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><section class="DA9Qj nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-ibL1re"></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-II5mzb kWSSdd"><h5 class="cHE8Ub Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c">Adrian Hilton</h5><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM khCp7b">Customer Reliability Engineer, SRE</p></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-II5mzb kWSSdd"><h5 class="cHE8Ub Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c">Yaniv Aknin</h5><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM khCp7b">Site Reliability Engineer</p></div></section></div></section><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-qWD73c-cGMI2b"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-ibL1re dzoHJ"></div><div class="OYL9D nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-OiUrBf" jsname="tx2NYc"><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="M0Q3Qb" data-is-cws-richtext="true" class=" "><p>The site reliability engineering (SRE) we practice here at Google comes to life in our customer reliability engineering (CRE) teams and practices. We support customers during their daily processes, as well as during peak events where traffic and customer expectations are high.</p><p>CRE comes with some <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/sre-fundamentals-slis-slas-and-slos">practical metrics to quantify service levels and expectations</a>, namely SLOs, SLIs and SLAs. In <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/available-or-not-that-is-the-question-cre-life-lessons">previous CRE Life Lessons</a>, we’ve talked about the importance of Service Level Indicators (SLIs) to measure an approximation of your customers’ experience. In this post, we’ll look at how you can tune your existing SLIs to be a better representation of what your customers are experiencing.</p><p>If you’re just getting started with <a href="https://landing.google.com/sre" target="_blank">your own SRE practice</a>, it’s important to remember that almost any SLI is better than no SLI. Putting numbers and concrete goals out there focuses the conversation between different parts of your org, even if you don't use your fledgling SLIs to do things like page oncallers or freeze releases. Quantifying customer happiness metrics is usually a team journey, pretty much no one gets it right the first time...</p><p>SLIs can help you understand and improve customer experience with your site or services. The cleaner your SLIs are, and the better they correlate with end-user problems, the more directly useful they will be to you. The ideal SLI to strive for (and perhaps never reach) is a near-real-time metric expressed as a percentage, which varies from 0%—all your customers are having a terrible time—to 100%, where all your customers feel your site is working perfectly.</p><p>Once you have defined an SLI, you need to find the <a href="https://landing.google.com/sre/sre-book/chapters/introduction/" target="_blank">right target level</a> for it. When the SLI is above the target, your customers are generally happy, and when the SLI is below the target, your customers are generally unhappy. This is the level for your Service Level Objective (SLO). As we have discussed in <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/consequences-of-slo-violations-cre-life-lessons">previous CRE Life Lessons</a>, SLOs are the primary mechanism to balance reliability and innovation, and so improving the quality of your SLO lets you judge this balance better, guiding the strategy of your application development and operation.  </p><p>There’s also a tactical purpose for SLIs: once you have a target level for them, you can start to use it to drive your response to outages. If your measured SLI is too far below your target level for too long, you have to assume that your customers are having a bad time and you need to start doing something about it. If you’re a bit below target, your on-call engineer might start investigating when they get into the office. If you’re critically below target, to the point where you’re in danger of <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/understanding-error-budget-overspend-cre-life-lessons">overspending your error budget</a>, then you should send a pager alert and get their immediate attention.</p><p>But all this presumes that your SLIs represent customer experience. How do you know whether that’s true in the first place? Perhaps you're wasting effort measuring and optimizing metrics that aren't really that important? Let’s get into the details of how you can tune SLIs to better represent customer experience.</p><p><b>In search of customer happiness</b></p><p>For the purposes of this blog post, let’s assume that you’ve defined—and measured—an initial set of SLIs for your service, but you don’t know yet what your SLO targets should be, or even whether your SLIs really do represent your customers’ experience. Let’s look at how to find out whether your SLIs need a tune-up.</p><p>A good SLI will exhibit the following properties:</p><ol><li>It rises when your customers become happier;<br></li><li>It falls when your customers become less happy;<br></li><li>It shows materially different measurements during an outage as compared to normal operations;<br></li><li>It oscillates within a narrow band (i.e., showing a low variance) during normal operations.<br></li></ol><p>The fourth property is fairly easy to observe in isolation, but to calibrate the other properties you need additional insights into your customers’ happiness. The real question is whether they think your service is having an outage.</p><p>To get these “happiness” measurements, you might gauge:</p><ul><li>The rate at which customers get what they want from your site, such as commercial transaction completion rates (for an e-commerce application) or stream concurrent/total views (for streaming video);<br></li><li>Support center complaints;<br></li><li>Online support forum post rates; and perhaps even<br></li><li>Twitter mentions.<br></li></ul><p>Compile this information to build a picture of when your customers were experiencing pain. Start simple: you don't need a "system" to do this, start with a spreadsheet lining up your SLIs' data with, say, support center calls. This exercise is invaluable to cross-check your SLIs against "reality". A correlation view might look like the following overlay on your SLI graph, where pink bars denote customer pain events:</p></div></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image2_eDaOjLg.max-1000x1000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image2_eDaOjLg.max-1000x1000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image2_eDaOjLg.max-1000x1000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image2_eDaOjLg.max-1000x1000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="M0Q3Qb" data-is-cws-richtext="true" class=" "><p>This example shows that your SLI is quite good but not perfect; big drops tend to correlate with customer pain, but there is an undetected pain event with no SLI drop and a couple of SLI drops without known pain.</p><p><b>Testing customer SLIs during peak events </b></p><p>One good way to test your SLI against your customers’ experience is with data from a compelling event—a period of a few days when your service comes under unusually heavy scrutiny and load. For retailers, the <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/customers/peak-performance-how-retailers-used-google-cloud-during-black-friday-cyber-monday">Black Friday/Cyber Monday</a> weekend at the end of November and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singles%27_Day" target="_blank">Singles' Day</a> on November 11 are examples of this. During these events, customers are more likely to tell you—directly or indirectly—when they’re unhappy. They’re racing to take advantage of all the superb deals your site is offering, and if they can’t do so, they’ll tell you. In addition to those who complain, many more will have left your site in silent displeasure.</p><p>Or suppose that your company’s service lets customers stream live sports matches. They care about reliability all the time, but really care about reliability during specific events such as the <a href="https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/" target="_blank">FIFA World Cup</a> final, because nearly everyone is watching one specific stream and is hanging on every moment of the game. If they miss seeing the critical goal in the World Cup final because your streaming service died, they are going to be quite unhappy and they’re going to let you know about it.</p><p>Be aware, however, that this isn’t the whole story; it tells you what “really bad” looks like to your customers, but there is generally not enough data to determine what “annoying” looks like. For the latter, you need to look at a much longer operational period for your service.</p><p><b>Analyzing SLI data</b></p><p>Suppose you had a reasonably successful day, with no customer-perceived outages that you know about. So your customer happiness metric was flat, but your 24-hour SLI view looks like the diagram below.</p></div></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image1_XrLua4X.max-1000x1000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image1_XrLua4X.max-1000x1000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image1_XrLua4X.max-1000x1000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image1_XrLua4X.max-1000x1000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="M0Q3Qb" data-is-cws-richtext="true" class=" "><p>This presents you with a problem. You have three periods in the day where your failure rate is much higher than normal, for a significant amount of time (30-plus minutes). Your customers aren’t complaining, so either you’re not detecting customer complaints, or your SLI is showing errors that customers aren’t seeing. (See below for what to do in this situation.)</p><p>On the other hand, if you see the following with the same lack of customer complaint history:</p></div></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image3_lefE5Tg.max-1000x1000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image3_lefE5Tg.max-1000x1000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image3_lefE5Tg.max-1000x1000.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image3_lefE5Tg.max-1000x1000.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="M0Q3Qb" data-is-cws-richtext="true" class=" "><p>Then this suggests you might have quite a good SLI. There are a couple of transient events that might relate to glitches in monitoring or infrastructure, but overall the SLI is low in volatility.</p><p>Now let’s consider a day where you know you had a problem: Early in the day, you know that your users started to get very unhappy because your support call volume went through the roof around 9am, and stayed that way for several hours before tailing off. You look at your SLI for the day and you see the following:</p></div></section><section class="QzPuud"><div><section><figure class="NEBdNd"><section class="PBkdHd DhGbH" jscontroller="SCGBie" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image4_p0homUb.max-1200x1200.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image4_p0homUb.max-1200x1200.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><section class="glue-modal glue-modal--dark QHdDac" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"><img class="JcsBte mZzdH ZOnyjc" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image4_p0homUb.max-1200x1200.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image4_p0homUb.max-1200x1200.png" jsname='P3Vluc' jsaction="click:HTIlC" loading="lazy"/><button class="glue-modal__close-btn" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close this modal"></button></section></section></figure></section></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="M0Q3Qb" data-is-cws-richtext="true" class=" "><p>The SLI clearly supports the customer feedback in its general shape. You see a couple of hours when the error rate was more than 10x normal, a very brief recovery, another couple of hours of high error rate, then a gradual recovery. That’s a strong signal that the SLI is correlated with the happiness of your users.</p><p>The most interesting point to investigate is the opening of the incident: Your SLI shows you a transient spike in errors (“First spike” in the diagram), followed by a sustained high error rate. How well did this capture when real users started to see problems? For this, you probably need to trawl through your server and client logs for the time in question. Is this when you start to see a dip in indicators such as transactions completed? Remember that support calls or forum posts will inevitably lag user-visible errors by many minutes—though sometimes you will get lucky and people will write things like “about 10 minutes ago I started seeing errors.”</p><p>At least as important: Consider is how your failure rate scales compared to the percentage of users who can complete their transactions. Your SLI might be showing a 25% error rate, but that could make your system effectively unusable if users have to complete three actions in a series for a transaction to complete. That would mean the probability of success is 75% x 75% x 75%, i.e., only 42%, and so nearly 60% of transaction attempts would fail. (That is, the failure rate is cumulative because users can’t attempt action two before action one is complete).</p><p><b>My customers are unhappy but my SLIs are fine</b></p><p>If this is your situation, have you considered acquiring customers who are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_L%C3%B6sung" target="_blank">more aligned</a> with your existing SLIs?</p><p>We’re kidding, of course—this turns out to be quite challenging, not to mention bad for business, and you may well end up believing that you have a real gap in your SLI monitoring. In this case, you need to go back and do an analysis of the event in question: Are there existing (non-SLI) monitoring signals that show the user impact starting to happen, such as a drop in completed payments on your site? If so, can you derive an additional SLI from them? If not, what else do you have to measure to be able to detect this problem?</p><p>At Google, we have a specific tag: “Customer found it first” when we’re carrying out our <a href="https://landing.google.com/sre/sre-book/chapters/postmortem-culture/" target="_blank">postmortems</a>. This denotes a situation when the monitoring signals driving engineer response didn’t clearly indicate a problem before the customers noticed, and no engineer could prove that an alert would have fired. Postmortems with this tag, where a critical mass of customers noticed the problem first, should always have action items addressing this gap. That may be either expanding the existing set of SLIs for the service to cover these situations, or tightening the thresholds of existing SLOs so that the violation gets flagged earlier.</p><p>But wait: You already have some signals for “customer happiness,” as we’ve noted above. Why don’t you use one of them, such as support center call rates, as one of your SLIs? Well, the principle we recommend is that you should use reports of customers’ dissatisfaction as a signal to calibrate your SLIs, but ultimately you should rely on SLIs rather than customer reports to know how well your product behaves.</p><p>Generally, the decision about using these as SLIs comes down to a combination of signal resolution and time lag. Any signal which relies on human action inevitably introduces lag; a human has to notice that there’s a problem, decide that it’s severe enough to act on, then find the right web page to report it. That will add up to tens of minutes before you start getting enough of a signal to alert your on-call. In addition, unless you have a huge user base, the very small fraction of users who care enough about your service to report problems will mean that user reports are an intrinsically noisy signal, and might well come from an unrepresentative subset of your users.</p><p>There’s also the option of measuring your SLIs elsewhere. For instance, if you have a mobile application, you might measure your customers’ experience there and push that data back to your service. This can improve the quality of your SLI measurement, which we’d strongly encourage, providing a clearer picture of how bad an incident was - and how much error budget it spent. However, that can cause your data to take longer to arrive in your monitoring system than when you measure your service performance directly, so don’t rely on this as a timely source of alerts.</p><p><b>My SLIs are unhappy but my customers are fine </b></p><p>We often think of this situation as one of “polluted” SLIs. As well as transient spikes of failures that users don’t notice, your SLI might show periodic peaks of errors from when a batch system sends a daily (or hourly) flurry of queries to your service, which do not have the same importance as queries from your customer. They might just be retried later if they fail, or maybe the data is not time-sensitive. Because you aren't distinguishing errors served to your internal systems from errors served to your customers, you can't determine whether the batch traffic is impacting your customer experience; the batch traffic is hiding what could otherwise be a perfectly good signal.</p><p>When you later try to define an SLO in this unhappy situation, and set up alerts for when you spend too much of your <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/understanding-error-budget-overspend-cre-life-lessons">error budget</a>, you’ll be forced to either spend a significant amount of error budget during each peak, or set the SLO to be so loose that real users will endure a significant amount of pain before the error budget spend starts to show any impact.</p><p>So you should figure out a way to exclude these batch queries from your SLI: they don’t deserve the same SLO as queries from real customers. Possible approaches include:</p><ul><li>Configure the batch queries to hit a different endpoint;<br></li><li>Measure the SLI at a different point in the architecture where the batch queries don’t appear;<br></li><li>Replace the SLI by measuring something at a higher level of abstraction (such as a complete user transaction);<br></li><li>Tag each query with “batch,” “interactive,” or another category, and break down SLI reporting by these tags; or<br></li><li>Post-process the logs to remove the batch queries from your accounting.</li></ul><p>In the above example, the problem is that the SLI doesn't really describe user harm from the point of view of the batch system; we don’t know what the consequence of returning 10% errors to the batch queries might be. So we should remove the batch queries from the regular SLI accounting, and investigate if there’s a better high-level SLI to represent the batch user experience, such as “percentage of financial reports published by their due date”.</p><p><b>Everything is awesome (for now)</b></p><p>Congratulations! You’ve reviewed your SLIs and customer happiness, and things seem to match up. No, this is not the end. So far in this blog post we’ve focused on critical events as a driver for improving your service’s SLIs, but really this is an activity that you should be doing periodically for your service.</p><p>We’d recommend that at least every few months you conduct a review of user happiness signals against your measured SLIs, and look in particular for times that users were more unhappy than usual but your SLIs didn’t really move. That’s a sign that you need to find a new SLI, or improve the quality of an existing SLI, in order to detect this unhappiness.</p><p><b>Managing multiple SLIs</b></p><p>You might have several SLIs defined for your service, but you know that your users were having a bad time between 10am and 11:30am, and only one of your SLIs was out of bounds during that time. Is that a problem?</p><p>It’s not a problem per se; you expect different SLIs to measure different aspects of the customer experience. That’s why you have them. At some point, there will be broad problems with your systems where all your SLIs plummet below their targets. An overloaded backend application might cause elevated levels of your latency SLI, but most transactions are still completing, so your availability SLI might show nearly normal levels despite a significant amount of customers experiencing pain.</p><p>Still, you should expect each SLI to correspond to some kind of user-visible outage. If you’ve had several months of operations with several user-facing outages, and there’s one SLI which doesn’t budge from its normal range at all, you have to ask yourself why you’re monitoring it, alerting on it and acting on its variations. You might well have a good reason for hanging on to it—to capture a kind of problem that you haven’t seen yet, for example—but make sure that it’s not an emotional attachment. Every SLI is a tax on your team’s attention. Make sure <a href="https://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/alerting-on-slos/" target="_blank">it’s a tax worth paying</a>.</p><p>However, remember that nearly any SLI is better than no SLI. As long as you are aware of the limitations of the SLIs you’re using, they give you valuable information in detecting and evaluating user-facing outages.</p><p>In a future post we’ll talk about the next step in complexity—deciding how to combine these SLIs into a useful SLO. (But we’ll save that for Future Us.) In the meantime, you can start learning about <a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/site-reliability-engineering-slos" target="_blank">SRE SLOs in our Coursera course</a>.</p><p><i>Thanks to Alec Warner, Alex Bramley, Anton Tolchanov, Dave Rensin, David Ferguson, Gustavo Franco, Kristina Bennett, and Myk Taylor, among others, for their contributions to this post.</i></p></div></section><section class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-uQSCkd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div class="u2M0Kb"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/sre-fundamentals-slis-slas-and-slos" class="w7DBpd" track-name="sre fundamentals: slis slas and slos"track-type="articlefeedblock"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/sre-fundamentals-slis-slas-and-slos"><div class="odmDff "><div class="exDIId"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd EQ9W8e nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="google cloud"track-type="tag">Google Cloud</div><h5 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc qPW6X nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-II5mzb">SRE fundamentals: SLIs, SLAs and SLOs</h5><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM MQpQf">A big part of SRE is establishing and monitoring service-level metrics like SLOs, SLAs and SLIs. This post gives you an overview of what each of these acronyms are, what they mean, and how to use them.</p><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed gh5m8">By Jay Judkowitz • 5-minute read</p></div><div class="OzOXWb"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" YwUks" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/15_-_Google_Cloud_2fKuG6b.max-900x900.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/15_-_Google_Cloud_2fKuG6b.max-900x900.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div></div></a></div></section><section class="kcBhad"><section class="Fabbec"><span class="WrMNjb">Posted in</span><ul class="FzXI4e"><li class="I4B51b"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools" track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools"track-metadata-module="tag list"track-metadata-module_headline="posted in">Management Tools</a></li><li class="I4B51b"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp" track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp"track-metadata-module="tag list"track-metadata-module_headline="posted in">Google Cloud</a></li></ul></section></section></div></div></div></div></div><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf " track-metadata-module="related articles" track-metadata-module_headline="related articles"><div class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><h5 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b">Related articles</h5><section class="m9cUGf HGev3 nJD2Qe nRhiJb-ObfsIf"><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization/ai-powered-quick-assessments-in-migration-center" class="lD2oe" track-name="new ai-powered quick assessments in migration center turbocharge modernization"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization/ai-powered-quick-assessments-in-migration-center"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/19_-_Infrastructure_Modernization_o5CKMmf.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/19_-_Infrastructure_Modernization_o5CKMmf.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="infrastructure modernization"track-type="tag">Infrastructure Modernization</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">New AI-powered quick assessments in Migration Center turbocharge modernization</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Jeff Welsch • 2-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases/deep-dive-on-new-ai-powered-database-agents" class="lD2oe" track-name="introducing database operations agents: the future of autonomous database management"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases/deep-dive-on-new-ai-powered-database-agents"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/10_-_Databases.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/10_-_Databases.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="databases"track-type="tag">Databases</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">Introducing Database Operations Agents: The future of autonomous database management</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Niranjan Shivprasad • 6-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/cloud-monitoring-adds-long-lookback-alert-policies-for-promql" class="lD2oe" track-name="anomaly detection using dynamic thresholds and two-year-long alerts in cloud monitoring"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/cloud-monitoring-adds-long-lookback-alert-policies-for-promql"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="management tools"track-type="tag">Management Tools</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">Anomaly detection using dynamic thresholds and two-year-long alerts in Cloud Monitoring</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Lee Yanco • 6-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div><div class=" QaGyvd nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c-V2iZpe"><div class="mA0uBe"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/alert-with-sql-in-cloud-monitoring-observability-analytics" class="lD2oe" track-name="from query to action: introducing sql alerting in cloud monitoring observability analytics"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/alert-with-sql-in-cloud-monitoring-observability-analytics"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="management tools"track-type="tag">Management Tools</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">From query to action: Introducing SQL alerting in Cloud Monitoring Observability Analytics</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Joy Wang • 4-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div></section></div></section></article></div></div><c-data id="i1" jsdata=" n2jFB;_;1"></c-data></c-wiz><script aria-hidden="true" nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress();window.wiz_tick&&window.wiz_tick('zPZHOe');</script><script nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">(function(){'use strict';var c=window,d=[];c.aft_counter=d;var e=[],f=0;function _recordIsAboveFold(a){if(!c._isLazyImage(a)&&!a.hasAttribute("data-noaft")&&a.src){var b=(c._isVisible||function(){})(c.document,a);a.setAttribute("data-atf",b);b&&(e.indexOf(a)!==-1||d.indexOf(a)!==-1||a.complete||d.push(a),a.hasAttribute("data-iml")&&(a=Number(a.getAttribute("data-iml")),a>f&&(f=a)))}}
c.initAft=function(){f=0;e=Array.prototype.slice.call(document.getElementsByTagName("img")).filter(function(a){return!!a.getAttribute("data-iml")});[].forEach.call(document.getElementsByTagName("img"),function(a){try{_recordIsAboveFold(a)}catch(b){throw b.message=a.hasAttribute("data-iid")?b.message+"\nrecordIsAboveFold error for defer inlined image":b.message+("\nrecordIsAboveFold error for img element with <src: "+a.src+">"),b;}});if(d.length===0)c.onaft(f);e=[]};}).call(this);
initAft()</script><script id="_ij" nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">window.IJ_values = [[null,null,"",false,null,null,true,false],'0','https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/',["cloudblog","products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons",["en","de","fr","ko","ja"],"en",null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/","blog_article","cloud.google.com",["https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial/","https://cloud.google.com/contact/","https://cloud.google.com/","https://cloud.google.com/blog/","https://cloud.google.com/","https://www.google.com/","https://cloud.google.com/products/","https://about.google.com/products/","https://about.google/intl/en/","https://support.google.com"],["googlecloud","googlecloud","showcase/google-cloud","googlecloud/","googlecloud/"],true,"/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons/"], null ,'boq_cloudx-web-blog-uiserver_20260909.00_p0','cloud.google.com',["US",4],[[["bigquery_ftv",["bigquery_ftv",[["control",["control",[97716263,97716264],["/bigquery"]]],["variantA",["variantA",[97716265,97716266],["/bigquery"]]],["variantB",["variantB",[97716267,97716268],["/bigquery"]]],["variantC",["variantC",[97716269,97716270],["/bigquery"]]]]]],["gemini_enterprise_hero_cta",["gemini_enterprise_hero_cta",[["control",["control",[106647111,106647112],["/gemini-enterprise"]]],["variantA",["variantA",[106647113,106647114],["/gemini-enterprise"]]],["variantB",["variantB",[106647115,106647116],["/gemini-enterprise"]]]]]],["jss",["jss",[["control",["control",[93803230,93804391],["/products/ai","/products/compute","/solutions/web-hosting"]]],["variantA",["variantA",[93803231,93804392],["/products/ai","/products/compute","/solutions/web-hosting"]]],["variantB",["variantB",[93803232,93804393],["/products/ai","/products/compute","/solutions/web-hosting"]]],["variantC",["variantC",[93803233,93804394],["/products/ai","/products/compute","/solutions/web-hosting"]]]]]],["learnify",["learnify",[["control",["control",[105572947,105573897,105572947,105573897,105572947,105573897,105572947,105573897,105572947,105573897,105572947,105573897,105572947,105573897],["/free","/speech-to-text","/bigquery","/products/compute","/run","/storage","/solutions/web-hosting"]]],["variantA",["variantA",[105572948,105573898,105572948,105573898,105572948,105573898,105572948,105573898,105572948,105573898,105572948,105573898,105572948,105573898],["/free","/speech-to-text","/bigquery","/products/compute","/run","/storage","/solutions/web-hosting"]]],["variantB",["variantB",[105572949,105573899,105572949,105573899,105572949,105573899,105572949,105573899,105572949,105573899,105572949,105573899,105572949,105573899],["/free","/speech-to-text","/bigquery","/products/compute","/run","/storage","/solutions/web-hosting"]]]]]],["visual_interest",["visual_interest",[["control",["control",[97933470,97933471],["/free"]]],["variantA",["variantA",[97933472,97933473],["/free"]]],["variantB",["variantB",[97933474,97933475],["/free"]]],["variantC",["variantC",[97940381,97940382],["/free"]]]]]]]], 0.0 ,["GTM-5CVQBG",[["en","\u202aEnglish\u202c",true,"en"],["de","\u202aDeutsch\u202c",true,"de"],["es","\u202aEspañol\u202c",true,"es"],["es-419","\u202aEspañol (Latinoamérica)\u202c",true,"es-419"],["fr","\u202aFrançais\u202c",true,"fr"],["id","\u202aIndonesia\u202c",true,"id"],["it","\u202aItaliano\u202c",true,"it"],["pt-BR","\u202aPortuguês (Brasil)\u202c",true,"pt-BR"],["zh-CN","\u202a简体中文\u202c",true,"zh-Hans"],["zh-TW","\u202a繁體中文\u202c",true,"zh-Hant"],["ja","\u202a日本語\u202c",true,"ja"],["ko","\u202a한국어\u202c",true,"ko"]],["83405","AIzaSyD3LJeW4Q6gtdgJlyeFZUp-GhpIoc6EUeg"],"en",null,null,[],[["https://cloud.google.com/innovators","https://cloud.google.com/innovators/plus/activate","https://cloud.google.com/innovators/innovatorsplus"],["https://workspace.google.com/pricing","https://www.x.com/googleworkspace","https://www.facebook.com/googleworkspace","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBmwzQnSoj9b6HzNmFrg_yw","https://www.instagram.com/googleworkspace","https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/googleworkspace","https://about.google/?utm_source\u003dworkspace.google.com\u0026utm_medium\u003dreferral\u0026utm_campaign\u003dgsuite-footer-en","https://about.google/products/?tip\u003dexplore","https://workspace.google.com","https://workspace.google.com/contact/?source\u003dgafb-form-globalnav-en","https://workspace.google.com/business/signup/welcome?hl\u003den\u0026source\u003dgafb-form-globalnav-en","https://workspace.google.com/blog"],["https://www.cloudskillsboost.google","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreen","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreenlaunchpromo","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/subscriptions?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreen","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/catalog?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreen","https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/paths?utm_source\u003dcgc\u0026utm_medium\u003dwebsite\u0026utm_campaign\u003devergreen"],["https://mapsplatform.google.com"],["https://cloud.google.com/developers","https://cloud.google.com/developers/settings?utm_source\u003dinnovators"],["https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial","https://console.cloud.google.com/","https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial?redirectPath\u003dhttps://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons/"],["https://aitestkitchen.withgoogle.com/signup","https://blog.google/technology/ai/join-us-in-the-ai-test-kitchen/","https://cloud.google.com/ai"],["https://googlecloudplatform.blogspot.com/","https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform","https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/google-cloud","https://x.com/googlecloud","https://www.facebook.com/googlecloud"],[[["https://cloud.google.com/products/compute"],["https://cloud.google.com/bigquery"],["https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine"],["https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai"],["https://cloud.google.com/apigee"],["https://cloud.google.com/functions"],["https://cloud.google.com/generative-ai-studio"],["https://cloud.google.com/products/agent-builder"],["https://cloud.google.com/products/conversational-agents"],["https://cloud.google.com/natural-language"],["https://cloud.google.com/speech-to-text"],["https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech"],["https://cloud.google.com/video-intelligence"],["https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai-notebooks"],["https://cloud.google.com/gpu"],["https://cloud.google.com/document-ai"],["https://cloud.google.com/looker"],["https://cloud.google.com/looker-studio"],["https://cloud.google.com/bare-metal"],["https://cloud.google.com/batch"],["https://cloud.google.com/vmware-engine"],["https://cloud.google.com/build"],["https://cloud.google.com/deploy"],["https://cloud.google.com/dataproc"],["https://cloud.google.com/products/dataflow"],["https://cloud.google.com/dataform"],["https://cloud.google.com/pubsub"],["https://cloud.google.com/data-fusion"],["https://cloud.google.com/composer"],["https://cloud.google.com/dataplex"],["https://cloud.google.com/analytics-hub"],["https://cloud.google.com/biglake"],["https://cloud.google.com/products/alloydb"],["https://cloud.google.com/bigtable"],["https://cloud.google.com/spanner"],["https://cloud.google.com/sql"],["https://cloud.google.com/products/firestore"],["https://cloud.google.com/memorystore"],["https://cloud.google.com/datastream"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/assured-open-source-software"],["https://cloud.google.com/code/"],["https://cloud.google.com/sdk"],["https://cloud.google.com/workstations"],["https://cloud.google.com/anti-money-laundering-ai"],["https://cloud.google.com/healthcare-api"],["https://cloud.google.com/device-connect"],["https://cloud.google.com/telecom-network-automation"],["https://cloud.google.com/telecom-data-fabric"],["https://cloud.google.com/telecom-subscriber-insights"],["https://cloud.google.com/application-integration"],["https://cloud.google.com/carbon-footprint"],["https://cloud.google.com/cost-management"],["https://cloud.google.com/managed-prometheus"],["https://cloud.google.com/service-health"],["https://cloud.google.com/earth-engine"],["https://cloud.google.com/cdn/"],["https://cloud.google.com/database-migration"],["https://cloud.google.com/storage-transfer-service/"],["https://cloud.google.com/immersive-stream/xr/"],["https://cloud.google.com/dns"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/intrusion-detection-system"],["https://cloud.google.com/load-balancing"],["https://cloud.google.com/nat"],["https://cloud.google.com/network-connectivity-center"],["https://cloud.google.com/network-intelligence-center"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/armor"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/firewall"],["https://cloud.google.com/private-service-connect"],["https://cloud.google.com/vpc"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/vpc-service-controls"],["https://cloud.google.com/logging"],["https://cloud.google.com/monitoring"],["https://cloud.google.com/appsheet/automation"],["https://cloud.google.com/identity"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/access-transparency"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/assured-workloads"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/security-key-management"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/confidential-computing"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/security-command-center"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/iap"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/certificate-authority-service"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/titan-security-key"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/recaptcha"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/identity-platform"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/threat-intelligence"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/attack-surface-management"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/digital-threat-monitoring"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/mandiant-security-validation"],["https://cloud.google.com/security/products/security-operations"],["https://cloud.google.com/appengine"],["https://cloud.google.com/run"],["https://cloud.google.com/workflows"],["https://cloud.google.com/storage"],["https://cloud.google.com/filestore"],["https://cloud.google.com/persistent-disk"],["https://cloud.google.com/backup-disaster-recovery"],["https://cloud.google.com/netapp-volumes"],["https://cloud.google.com/parallelstore"],["https://cloud.google.com/blockchain-node-engine"],["https://cloud.google.com/products/observability"],["https://cloud.google.com/products/gemini/cloud-assist"],["https://cloud.google.com/agent-assist"],["https://cloud.google.com/products/blockchain-rpc/"],["https://cloud.google.com/distributed-cloud"],["https://cloud.google.com/translate"]]]],[2026,9,11],[["en","x-default"],"x-default"],[null,true],null,"/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons/?hl\u003den",["6LcsrxUqAAAAAFhpR1lXsPN2j2nsTwy6JTbRKzJr"],null,["marketing-studio-write-user"]],[],'','qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ','r1K4JSWSFKmOL3r92LeAZg','DEFAULT','\/blog', 2026.0 ,'https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/management-tools\/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons\/', null ,'ltr', false ,'https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/AccountChooser?continue\x3dhttps:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/management-tools\/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons\/\x26hl\x3den-US','https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/ServiceLogin?hl\x3den-US\x26continue\x3dhttps:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/management-tools\/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons\/','https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/SignOutOptions?continue\x3dhttps:\/\/cloud.google.com\/blog\/products\/management-tools\/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons\/',[[[1]]], false , false , false ,'en','en-US','en_US', null , null ,'https:\/\/myaccount.google.com\/privacypolicy?hl\x3den-US', false , null ,'https:\/\/www.gstatic.com\/_\/boq-cloudx-web-blog\/_\/r\/','https:\/\/myaccount.google.com\/termsofservice?hl\x3den-US','gdu',[[[["Solutions \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/products/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/products/api-management"],["Application Development","/blog/products/application-development"],["Application Modernization","/blog/products/application-modernization"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/products/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/products/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/products/containers-kubernetes"],["Data Analytics","/blog/products/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/products/databases"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","/blog/products/devops-sre"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/topics/maps-geospatial"],["Security",null,[[["Security \u0026 Identity","/blog/products/identity-security"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/topics/threat-intelligence"]]]],["Infrastructure","/blog/products/infrastructure"],["Infrastructure Modernization","/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization"],["Networking","/blog/products/networking"],["Productivity \u0026 Collaboration","/blog/products/productivity-collaboration"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/products/sap-google-cloud"],["Storage \u0026 Data Transfer","/blog/products/storage-data-transfer"],["Sustainability","/blog/topics/sustainability"]]]],["Ecosystem",null,[[["IT Leaders","/transform"],["Industries",null,[[["Financial Services","/blog/topics/financial-services"],["Healthcare \u0026 Life Sciences","/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/topics/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 Entertainment","/blog/products/media-entertainment"],["Public Sector","/blog/topics/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/topics/retail"],["Supply Chain","/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["Partners","/blog/topics/partners"],["Startups \u0026 SMB","/blog/topics/startups"],["Training \u0026 Certifications","/blog/topics/training-certifications"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Google Cloud Next \u0026 Events","/blog/topics/google-cloud-next"],["Google Cloud Consulting","/blog/topics/consulting"],["Google Maps Platform","https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog"]]]],["Developers \u0026 Practitioners","/blog/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Transform with Google Cloud","/transform"]]],[["de",[[["Neuigkeiten","/blog/de/topics/whats-new/aktuelles-auf-dem-google-cloud-blog"],["Lösungen \u0026 Technologien",null,[[["Anwendungsentwicklung","/blog/de/products/application-development"],["Anwendungsmodernisierung","/blog/de/products/anwendungsmodernisierung"],["API-Verwaltung","/blog/de/products/api-management"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/de/products/chrome-enterprise"],["Computing","/blog/de/products/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/de/products/containers-kubernetes"],["Datenanalysen","/blog/de/products/data-analytics"],["Datenbanken","/blog/de/products/databases"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","/blog/de/products/devops-sre"],["Infrastruktur","/blog/de/products/infrastructure"],["KI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/de/products/ai-machine-learning"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/de/topics/maps-geospatial"],["Modernisierung der Infrastruktur","/blog/de/products/modernisierung-der-infrastruktur"],["Nachhaltigkeit","/blog/de/topics/nachhaltigkeit"],["Netzwerk","/blog/de/products/networking"],["Produktivität und Zusammenarbeit","/blog/de/products/produktivitaet-und-kollaboration"],["SAP in Google Cloud","/blog/de/products/sap-google-cloud"],["Sicherheit \u0026 Identität","/blog/de/products/identity-security"],["Speicher und Datentransfer","/blog/de/products/storage-data-transfer"]]]],["Ökosystem",null,[[["IT Leader","/transform/de"],["Industrien",null,[[["Behörden und öffentlicher Sektor","/blog/de/topics/public-sector"],["Einzelhandel","/blog/de/topics/retail"],["Fertigung","/blog/de/topics/fertigung"],["Finanzdienstleistungen","/blog/de/topics/financial-services"],["Gesundheitswesen und Biowissenschaften","/blog/de/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Lieferkette und Logistik","/blog/de/topics/lieferkette-und-logistik"],["Medien und Unterhaltung","/blog/de/products/media-entertainment"],["Telekommunikation","/blog/de/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["Entwickler*innen \u0026 Fachkräfte","/blog/de/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Google Cloud Next \u0026 Events","/blog/de/topics/events"],["Google Maps Platform","/blog/de/products/maps-platform"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog/de"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/de/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Kunden","/blog/de/topics/kunden"],["Partner","/blog/de/topics/partners"],["Start-ups und KMU","/blog/de/topics/startups"],["Training und Zertifizierung","/blog/de/topics/training-certifications"]]]],["Transformation mit Google Cloud","/transform/de"]]]],["en",[[["Solutions \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/products/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/products/api-management"],["Application Development","/blog/products/application-development"],["Application Modernization","/blog/products/application-modernization"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/products/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/products/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/products/containers-kubernetes"],["Data Analytics","/blog/products/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/products/databases"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","/blog/products/devops-sre"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/topics/maps-geospatial"],["Security",null,[[["Security \u0026 Identity","/blog/products/identity-security"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/topics/threat-intelligence"]]]],["Infrastructure","/blog/products/infrastructure"],["Infrastructure Modernization","/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization"],["Networking","/blog/products/networking"],["Productivity \u0026 Collaboration","/blog/products/productivity-collaboration"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/products/sap-google-cloud"],["Storage \u0026 Data Transfer","/blog/products/storage-data-transfer"],["Sustainability","/blog/topics/sustainability"]]]],["Ecosystem",null,[[["IT Leaders","/transform"],["Industries",null,[[["Financial Services","/blog/topics/financial-services"],["Healthcare \u0026 Life Sciences","/blog/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/topics/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 Entertainment","/blog/products/media-entertainment"],["Public Sector","/blog/topics/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/topics/retail"],["Supply Chain","/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["Partners","/blog/topics/partners"],["Startups \u0026 SMB","/blog/topics/startups"],["Training \u0026 Certifications","/blog/topics/training-certifications"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Google Cloud Next \u0026 Events","/blog/topics/google-cloud-next"],["Google Cloud Consulting","/blog/topics/consulting"],["Google Maps Platform","https://mapsplatform.google.com/resources/blog/"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog"]]]],["Developers \u0026 Practitioners","/blog/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Transform with Google Cloud","/transform"]]]],["fr",[[["Les tendances","/blog/fr/topics/les-tendances/quelles-sont-les-nouveautes-de-google-cloud"],["Solutions et Technologie",null,[[["Analyse de données","/blog/fr/products/analyse-de-donnees/"],["Bases de données","/blog/fr/products/databases"],["Calcul","/blog/fr/products/calcul/"],["Chrome Entreprise","/blog/fr/products/chrome-enterprise/"],["Conteneurs et Kubernetes","/blog/fr/products/conteneurs-et-kubernetes/"],["Développement d'Applications","/blog/fr/products/application-development"],["Développement durable","/blog/fr/topics/developpement-durable"],["DevOps et ingénierie SRE","/blog/fr/products/devops-sre"],["Gestion des API","/blog/fr/products/api-management"],["IA et Machine Learning","/blog/fr/products/ai-machine-learning"],["Infrastructure","/blog/fr/products/infrastructure"],["Maps et Géospatial","/blog/fr/topics/maps-geospatial"],["Modernisation d'Applications","/blog/fr/products/modernisation-dapplications/"],["Modernisation d'Infrastructure","/blog/fr/products/modernisation-dinfrastructure/"],["Networking","/blog/fr/products/networking"],["Productivité et Collaboration","/blog/fr/products/productivite-et-collaboration"],["SAP sur Google Cloud","/blog/fr/products/sap-google-cloud"],["Sécurité et Identité","/blog/fr/products/identity-security"],["Stockage et transfert de données","/blog/fr/products/storage-data-transfer"]]]],["Écosystème",null,[[["Responsables IT","/transform/fr"],["Industries",null,[[["Commerce","/blog/fr/topics/retail"],["Manufacturing","/blog/fr/topics/manufacturing"],["Médias et Divertissement","/blog/fr/products/media-entertainment"],["Santé","/blog/fr/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Secteur Public","/blog/fr/topics/public-sector"],["Services Financiers","/blog/fr/topics/financial-services"],["Supply Chain","/blog/fr/topics/supply-chain/"],["Telecommunications","/blog/fr/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["Clients","/blog/fr/topics/clients/"],["Développeurs et professionnels","/blog/fr/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Formations et certifications","/blog/fr/topics/training-certifications"],["Google Cloud Next et Événements","/blog/fr/topics/evenements"],["Google Maps Platform","/blog/fr/products/maps-platform"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog/fr"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/fr/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Partenaires","/blog/fr/topics/partners"],["Start-ups et PME","/blog/fr/topics/startups"]]]],["Transformer avec Google Cloud","/transform/fr"]]]],["ja",[[["ソリューションとテクノロジー",null,[[["AI \u0026 機械学習","/blog/ja/products/ai-machine-learning"],["API 管理","/blog/ja/products/api-management"],["アプリケーション開発","/blog/ja/products/application-development"],["アプリケーション モダナイゼーション","/blog/ja/products/application-modernization"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/ja/products/chrome-enterprise"],["コンピューティング","/blog/ja/products/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/ja/products/containers-kubernetes"],["データ分析","/blog/ja/products/data-analytics"],["データベース","/blog/ja/products/databases"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","/blog/ja/products/devops-sre"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/ja/products/maps-platform"],["セキュリティ",null,[[["セキュリティ \u0026 アイデンティティ","/blog/ja/products/identity-security"],["脅威インテリジェンス","/blog/ja/topics/threat-intelligence"]]]],["インフラストラクチャ","/blog/ja/products/infrastructure"],["インフラ モダナイゼーション","/blog/ja/products/infrastructure-modernization"],["ネットワーキング","/blog/ja/products/networking"],["生産性とコラボレーション","/blog/ja/products/productivity-collaboration"],["Google Cloud での SAP","/blog/ja/products/sap-google-cloud"],["ストレージとデータ転送","/blog/ja/products/storage-data-transfer"],["サステナビリティ","/blog/ja/topics/sustainability"]]]],["エコシステム",null,[[["ITリーダー","/transform/ja"],["業種",null,[[["金融サービス","/blog/ja/topics/financial-services"],["ヘルスケア、ライフ サイエンス","/blog/ja/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["製造","/blog/ja/topics/manufacturing"],["メディア、エンターテイメント","/blog/ja/products/media-entertainment"],["公共部門","/blog/ja/topics/public-sector"],["小売業","/blog/ja/topics/retail"],["サプライ チェーン","/blog/ja/topics/supply-chain-logistics"],["通信","/blog/ja/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["顧客事例","/blog/ja/topics/customers"],["パートナー","/blog/ja/topics/partners"],["スタートアップ \u0026 SMB","/blog/ja/topics/startups"],["トレーニングと認定","/blog/ja/topics/training-certifications"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/ja/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Google Cloud Next と イベント","/blog/ja/topics/google-cloud-next"],["Google Maps Platform","/blog/ja/products/maps-platform"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog/ja"]]]],["デベロッパー","/blog/ja/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Transform with Google Cloud","/transform/ja"]]]],["ko",[[["솔루션 및 기술",null,[[["AI 및 머신러닝","/blog/ko/products/ai-machine-learning"],["API 관리","/blog/ko/products/api-management"],["애플리케이션 개발","/blog/ko/products/application-development"],["애플리케이션 현대화","/blog/ko/products/application-modernization"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/products/chrome-enterprise"],["컴퓨팅","/blog/ko/products/compute"],["컨테이너 \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/ko/products/containers-kubernetes"],["데이터 분석","/blog/ko/products/data-analytics"],["데이터베이스","/blog/ko/products/databases"],["DevOps 및 SRE","/blog/ko/products/devops-sre"],["Maps \u0026 Geospatial","/blog/ko/products/maps-platform"],["보안",null,[[["보안 \u0026 아이덴티티","/blog/ko/products/identity-security"],["위협 인텔리전스","/blog/ko/topics/threat-intelligence"]]]],["인프라","/blog/ko/products/infrastructure"],["Infrastructure Modernization","/blog/ko/products/infrastructure-modernization"],["네트워킹","/blog/ko/products/networking"],["생산성 및 공동작업","/blog/ko/products/productivity-collaboration"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/ko/products/sap-google-cloud"],["스토리지 및 데이터 전송","/blog/ko/products/storage-data-transfer"],["지속가능성","/blog/ko/topics/sustainability"]]]],["에코시스템",null,[[["IT Leaders","/transform/ko"],["업종",null,[[["금융 서비스","/blog/ko/topics/financial-services"],["의료 및 생명과학","/blog/ko/topics/healthcare-life-sciences"],["제조업","/blog/ko/topics/manufacturing"],["미디어 및 엔터테인먼트","/blog/ko/products/media-entertainment"],["공공부문","/blog/ko/topics/public-sector"],["소매업","/blog/ko/topics/retail"],["공급망","/blog/topics/supply-chain-logistics"],["통신","/blog/ko/topics/telecommunications"]]]],["고객 사례","/blog/ko/topics/customers"],["파트너","/blog/ko/topics/partners"],["스타트업 \u0026 SMB","/blog/ko/topics/startups"],["교육 \u0026 인증","/blog/ko/topics/training-certifications"],["Inside Google Cloud","/blog/ko/topics/inside-google-cloud"],["Google Cloud Next 및 이벤트","/blog/ko/topics/google-cloud-next"],["Google Maps Platform","/blog/ko/products/maps-platform"],["Google Workspace","https://workspace.google.com/blog/ko"]]]],["개발 및 IT운영","/blog/ko/topics/developers-practitioners"],["Google Cloud와 함께 하는 디지털 혁신","/transform/ko"]]]]],[["de",[[["Products \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/api-management"],["Applied engineering","/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering"],["Developer tools","/blog/developer-tools"],["Business intelligence (BI)","/blog/business-intelligence-bi"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/containers-kubernetes"],["Data analytics","/blog/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/databases"],["DevOps","/blog/devops"],["Distributed cloud","/blog/distributed-cloud"],["Hybrid \u0026 multicloud","/blog/hybrid-multicloud/"],["Management tools","/blog/management-tools"],["Maps \u0026 geospatial","/blog/maps-geospatial"],["Migration","/blog/migration"],["Networking","/blog/networking"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/sap-google-cloud"],["Security","/blog/security"],["Sovereignty \u0026 compliance","/blog/sovereignty-compliance"],["SRE","/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre"],["Storage","/blog/storage"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/threat-intelligence"]]],["See all product news","Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)","#2F3793"],7],["Learning",null,[[["Cloud architecture","/blog/cloud-architecture"],["IT leaders","/blog/it-leaders"],["Training \u0026 certifications","/blog/training-certifications"]]],["Explore learning","Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","#004E41"]],["Developers","/blog/developers-practitioners"],["Customers \u0026 partners",null,[[["Customer stories","/blog/customer-stories"],["Financial services","/blog/financial-services"],["Gaming","/blog/gaming"],["Healthcare \u0026 life sciences","/blog/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 entertainment","/blog/media-entertainment"],["Partners","/blog/partners"],["Public sector","/blog/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/retail"],["Startups","/blog/startups"],["Supply chain \u0026 logistics","/blog/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/telecommunications"]]],["Explore customers \u0026 partners","Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)","#202124"]],["Inside Google Cloud",null,[[["Company news","/blog/company-news"],["Data centers \u0026 regions","/blog/data-centers-and-regions"],["Events","/blog/events"],["Consulting","/blog/google-cloud-consulting"],["Google Cloud Next","/blog/google-cloud-next"],["Sustainability","/blog/sustainability"],["Systems","/blog/systems"]]],["Explore Inside Google Cloud","Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)","#7D0304"]]]]],["en",[[["Products \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/api-management"],["Applied engineering","/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering"],["Developer tools","/blog/developer-tools"],["Business intelligence (BI)","/blog/business-intelligence-bi"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/containers-kubernetes"],["Data analytics","/blog/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/databases"],["DevOps","/blog/devops"],["Distributed cloud","/blog/distributed-cloud"],["Hybrid \u0026 multicloud","/blog/hybrid-multicloud/"],["Management tools","/blog/management-tools"],["Maps \u0026 geospatial","/blog/maps-geospatial"],["Migration","/blog/migration"],["Networking","/blog/networking"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/sap-google-cloud"],["Security","/blog/security"],["Sovereignty \u0026 compliance","/blog/sovereignty-compliance"],["SRE","/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre"],["Storage","/blog/storage"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/threat-intelligence"]]],["See all product news","Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)","#2F3793"],7],["Learning",null,[[["Cloud architecture","/blog/cloud-architecture"],["IT leaders","/blog/it-leaders"],["Training \u0026 certifications","/blog/training-certifications"]]],["Explore learning","Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","#004E41"]],["Developers","/blog/developers-practitioners"],["Customers \u0026 partners",null,[[["Customer stories","/blog/customer-stories"],["Financial services","/blog/financial-services"],["Gaming","/blog/gaming"],["Healthcare \u0026 life sciences","/blog/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 entertainment","/blog/media-entertainment"],["Partners","/blog/partners"],["Public sector","/blog/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/retail"],["Startups","/blog/startups"],["Supply chain \u0026 logistics","/blog/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/telecommunications"]]],["Explore customers \u0026 partners","Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)","#202124"]],["Inside Google Cloud",null,[[["Company news","/blog/company-news"],["Data centers \u0026 regions","/blog/data-centers-and-regions"],["Events","/blog/events"],["Consulting","/blog/google-cloud-consulting"],["Google Cloud Next","/blog/google-cloud-next"],["Sustainability","/blog/sustainability"],["Systems","/blog/systems"]]],["Explore Inside Google Cloud","Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)","#7D0304"]]]]],["fr",[[["Products \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/api-management"],["Applied engineering","/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering"],["Developer tools","/blog/developer-tools"],["Business intelligence (BI)","/blog/business-intelligence-bi"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/containers-kubernetes"],["Data analytics","/blog/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/databases"],["DevOps","/blog/devops"],["Distributed cloud","/blog/distributed-cloud"],["Hybrid \u0026 multicloud","/blog/hybrid-multicloud/"],["Management tools","/blog/management-tools"],["Maps \u0026 geospatial","/blog/maps-geospatial"],["Migration","/blog/migration"],["Networking","/blog/networking"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/sap-google-cloud"],["Security","/blog/security"],["Sovereignty \u0026 compliance","/blog/sovereignty-compliance"],["SRE","/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre"],["Storage","/blog/storage"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/threat-intelligence"]]],["See all product news","Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)","#2F3793"],7],["Learning",null,[[["Cloud architecture","/blog/cloud-architecture"],["IT leaders","/blog/it-leaders"],["Training \u0026 certifications","/blog/training-certifications"]]],["Explore learning","Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","#004E41"]],["Developers","/blog/developers-practitioners"],["Customers \u0026 partners",null,[[["Customer stories","/blog/customer-stories"],["Financial services","/blog/financial-services"],["Gaming","/blog/gaming"],["Healthcare \u0026 life sciences","/blog/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 entertainment","/blog/media-entertainment"],["Partners","/blog/partners"],["Public sector","/blog/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/retail"],["Startups","/blog/startups"],["Supply chain \u0026 logistics","/blog/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/telecommunications"]]],["Explore customers \u0026 partners","Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)","#202124"]],["Inside Google Cloud",null,[[["Company news","/blog/company-news"],["Data centers \u0026 regions","/blog/data-centers-and-regions"],["Events","/blog/events"],["Consulting","/blog/google-cloud-consulting"],["Google Cloud Next","/blog/google-cloud-next"],["Sustainability","/blog/sustainability"],["Systems","/blog/systems"]]],["Explore Inside Google Cloud","Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)","#7D0304"]]]]],["ja",[[["Products \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/api-management"],["Applied engineering","/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering"],["Developer tools","/blog/developer-tools"],["Business intelligence (BI)","/blog/business-intelligence-bi"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/containers-kubernetes"],["Data analytics","/blog/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/databases"],["DevOps","/blog/devops"],["Distributed cloud","/blog/distributed-cloud"],["Hybrid \u0026 multicloud","/blog/hybrid-multicloud/"],["Management tools","/blog/management-tools"],["Maps \u0026 geospatial","/blog/maps-geospatial"],["Migration","/blog/migration"],["Networking","/blog/networking"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/sap-google-cloud"],["Security","/blog/security"],["Sovereignty \u0026 compliance","/blog/sovereignty-compliance"],["SRE","/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre"],["Storage","/blog/storage"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/threat-intelligence"]]],["See all product news","Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)","#2F3793"],7],["Learning",null,[[["Cloud architecture","/blog/cloud-architecture"],["IT leaders","/blog/it-leaders"],["Training \u0026 certifications","/blog/training-certifications"]]],["Explore learning","Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","#004E41"]],["Developers","/blog/developers-practitioners"],["Customers \u0026 partners",null,[[["Customer stories","/blog/customer-stories"],["Financial services","/blog/financial-services"],["Gaming","/blog/gaming"],["Healthcare \u0026 life sciences","/blog/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 entertainment","/blog/media-entertainment"],["Partners","/blog/partners"],["Public sector","/blog/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/retail"],["Startups","/blog/startups"],["Supply chain \u0026 logistics","/blog/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/telecommunications"]]],["Explore customers \u0026 partners","Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)","#202124"]],["Inside Google Cloud",null,[[["Company news","/blog/company-news"],["Data centers \u0026 regions","/blog/data-centers-and-regions"],["Events","/blog/events"],["Consulting","/blog/google-cloud-consulting"],["Google Cloud Next","/blog/google-cloud-next"],["Sustainability","/blog/sustainability"],["Systems","/blog/systems"]]],["Explore Inside Google Cloud","Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)","#7D0304"]]]]],["ko",[[["Products \u0026 technology",null,[[["AI \u0026 Machine Learning","/blog/p-t/ai-machine-learning"],["API Management","/blog/api-management"],["Applied engineering","/blog/products-technology/applied-engineering"],["Developer tools","/blog/developer-tools"],["Business intelligence (BI)","/blog/business-intelligence-bi"],["Chrome Enterprise","/blog/chrome-enterprise"],["Compute","/blog/compute"],["Containers \u0026 Kubernetes","/blog/containers-kubernetes"],["Data analytics","/blog/data-analytics"],["Databases","/blog/databases"],["DevOps","/blog/devops"],["Distributed cloud","/blog/distributed-cloud"],["Hybrid \u0026 multicloud","/blog/hybrid-multicloud/"],["Management tools","/blog/management-tools"],["Maps \u0026 geospatial","/blog/maps-geospatial"],["Migration","/blog/migration"],["Networking","/blog/networking"],["SAP on Google Cloud","/blog/sap-google-cloud"],["Security","/blog/security"],["Sovereignty \u0026 compliance","/blog/sovereignty-compliance"],["SRE","/blog/site-reliability-engineering-sre"],["Storage","/blog/storage"],["Threat Intelligence","/blog/threat-intelligence"]]],["See all product news","Stay informed on all Cloud product announcements","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.2) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(66, 133, 244, 0.3) 0%, rgba(62, 106, 240, 0.3) 53.91%, rgba(87, 159, 255, 0.3) 107.82%)","#2F3793"],7],["Learning",null,[[["Cloud architecture","/blog/cloud-architecture"],["IT leaders","/blog/it-leaders"],["Training \u0026 certifications","/blog/training-certifications"]]],["Explore learning","Develop your cloud skills and enhance your expertise","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","linear-gradient(79.98deg, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 0%, rgba(102, 214, 105, 0.2) 53.91%, rgba(52, 168, 83, 0.2) 107.82%)","#004E41"]],["Developers","/blog/developers-practitioners"],["Customers \u0026 partners",null,[[["Customer stories","/blog/customer-stories"],["Financial services","/blog/financial-services"],["Gaming","/blog/gaming"],["Healthcare \u0026 life sciences","/blog/healthcare-life-sciences"],["Manufacturing","/blog/manufacturing"],["Media \u0026 entertainment","/blog/media-entertainment"],["Partners","/blog/partners"],["Public sector","/blog/public-sector"],["Retail","/blog/retail"],["Startups","/blog/startups"],["Supply chain \u0026 logistics","/blog/supply-chain-logistics"],["Telecommunications","/blog/telecommunications"]]],["Explore customers \u0026 partners","Learn how we work with organizations to transform industries","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.2) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 0%, rgba(242, 153, 0, 0.3) 50.64%, rgba(251, 188, 4, 0.3) 101.28%)","#202124"]],["Inside Google Cloud",null,[[["Company news","/blog/company-news"],["Data centers \u0026 regions","/blog/data-centers-and-regions"],["Events","/blog/events"],["Consulting","/blog/google-cloud-consulting"],["Google Cloud Next","/blog/google-cloud-next"],["Sustainability","/blog/sustainability"],["Systems","/blog/systems"]]],["Explore Inside Google Cloud","Explore the latest Google Cloud news and events","/blog/products/","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.2) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.2) 101.28%)","linear-gradient(80.33deg, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 0%, rgba(255, 110, 178, 0.3) 51.13%, rgba(254, 63, 60, 0.3) 101.28%)","#7D0304"]]]]]]],'cloud.google.com','https', null , false , null ,[[97493638,97785988,97535270,97442199,105763536,1714242,106551328,106242883,98225186,97493660,98073364,48554503,106088277,106565539,1706538,106058902,105901316,106032101,105739272,97656899,48489822,97493620,97785970,97442181,97493642,98073330,105739254,97656881],null,null,null,null,true],];</script><script class="ds:0" nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">AF_initDataCallback({key: 'ds:0', hash: '1', data:[["Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons","This CRE life lessons post delves into service-level indicator (SLIs) metrics and how they should relate to and capture customer experience.",[1548896400],"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons",[1548896405,960245000],"blog.articlepage",null,"/api/w_v2/pages/38670/","tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons",38670],[["Adrian Hilton","Customer Reliability Engineer, SRE"],["Yaniv Aknin","Site Reliability Engineer"]],[null,"\u003cscript type\u003d\"application/ld+json\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons\",\"headline\":\"Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons\",\"description\":\"This CRE life lessons post delves into service-level indicator (SLIs) metrics and how they should relate to and capture customer experience.\",\"image\":\"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png\",\"author\":[{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Adrian Hilton\",\"url\":\"\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Yaniv Aknin\",\"url\":\"\"}],\"datePublished\":\"2019-01-31\",\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Google Cloud\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://www.gstatic.com/cgc/google-cloud-logo.svg\"}},\"url\":\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/tune-up-your-sli-metrics-cre-life-lessons\",\"keywords\":[\"Management Tools\",\"Google Cloud\"],\"timeRequired\":\"PT11M\"}\u003c/script\u003e"],["Tune up your SLI metrics: CRE life lessons"],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-1300x1300.png 1288w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png 2576w"," 1288px, 2576px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/StackdriverMonitoring-01_1_jgwy1se.max-2600x2600.png"],null,[[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe site reliability engineering (SRE) we practice here at Google comes to life in our customer reliability engineering (CRE) teams and practices. We support customers during their daily processes, as well as during peak events where traffic and customer expectations are high.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCRE comes with some \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/sre-fundamentals-slis-slas-and-slos\"\u003epractical metrics to quantify service levels and expectations\u003c/a\u003e, namely SLOs, SLIs and SLAs. In \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/available-or-not-that-is-the-question-cre-life-lessons\"\u003eprevious CRE Life Lessons\u003c/a\u003e, we’ve talked about the importance of Service Level Indicators (SLIs) to measure an approximation of your customers’ experience. In this post, we’ll look at how you can tune your existing SLIs to be a better representation of what your customers are experiencing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you’re just getting started with \u003ca href\u003d\"https://landing.google.com/sre\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eyour own SRE practice\u003c/a\u003e, it’s important to remember that almost any SLI is better than no SLI. Putting numbers and concrete goals out there focuses the conversation between different parts of your org, even if you don't use your fledgling SLIs to do things like page oncallers or freeze releases. Quantifying customer happiness metrics is usually a team journey, pretty much no one gets it right the first time...\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSLIs can help you understand and improve customer experience with your site or services. The cleaner your SLIs are, and the better they correlate with end-user problems, the more directly useful they will be to you. The ideal SLI to strive for (and perhaps never reach) is a near-real-time metric expressed as a percentage, which varies from 0%—all your customers are having a terrible time—to 100%, where all your customers feel your site is working perfectly.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnce you have defined an SLI, you need to find the \u003ca href\u003d\"https://landing.google.com/sre/sre-book/chapters/introduction/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eright target level\u003c/a\u003e for it. When the SLI is above the target, your customers are generally happy, and when the SLI is below the target, your customers are generally unhappy. This is the level for your Service Level Objective (SLO). As we have discussed in \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/consequences-of-slo-violations-cre-life-lessons\"\u003eprevious CRE Life Lessons\u003c/a\u003e, SLOs are the primary mechanism to balance reliability and innovation, and so improving the quality of your SLO lets you judge this balance better, guiding the strategy of your application development and operation.  \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere’s also a tactical purpose for SLIs: once you have a target level for them, you can start to use it to drive your response to outages. If your measured SLI is too far below your target level for too long, you have to assume that your customers are having a bad time and you need to start doing something about it. If you’re a bit below target, your on-call engineer might start investigating when they get into the office. If you’re critically below target, to the point where you’re in danger of \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/understanding-error-budget-overspend-cre-life-lessons\"\u003eoverspending your error budget\u003c/a\u003e, then you should send a pager alert and get their immediate attention.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut all this presumes that your SLIs represent customer experience. How do you know whether that’s true in the first place? Perhaps you're wasting effort measuring and optimizing metrics that aren't really that important? Let’s get into the details of how you can tune SLIs to better represent customer experience.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn search of customer happiness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor the purposes of this blog post, let’s assume that you’ve defined—and measured—an initial set of SLIs for your service, but you don’t know yet what your SLO targets should be, or even whether your SLIs really do represent your customers’ experience. Let’s look at how to find out whether your SLIs need a tune-up.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA good SLI will exhibit the following properties:\u003c/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eIt rises when your customers become happier;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eIt falls when your customers become less happy;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eIt shows materially different measurements during an outage as compared to normal operations;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eIt oscillates within a narrow band (i.e., showing a low variance) during normal operations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe fourth property is fairly easy to observe in isolation, but to calibrate the other properties you need additional insights into your customers’ happiness. The real question is whether they think your service is having an outage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo get these “happiness” measurements, you might gauge:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe rate at which customers get what they want from your site, such as commercial transaction completion rates (for an e-commerce application) or stream concurrent/total views (for streaming video);\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eSupport center complaints;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eOnline support forum post rates; and perhaps even\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTwitter mentions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompile this information to build a picture of when your customers were experiencing pain. Start simple: you don't need a \"system\" to do this, start with a spreadsheet lining up your SLIs' data with, say, support center calls. This exercise is invaluable to cross-check your SLIs against \"reality\". A correlation view might look like the following overlay on your SLI graph, where pink bars denote customer pain events:\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,""],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image2_eDaOjLg.max-1000x1000.png",null,null,"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image2_eDaOjLg.max-1000x1000.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis example shows that your SLI is quite good but not perfect; big drops tend to correlate with customer pain, but there is an undetected pain event with no SLI drop and a couple of SLI drops without known pain.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTesting customer SLIs during peak events \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne good way to test your SLI against your customers’ experience is with data from a compelling event—a period of a few days when your service comes under unusually heavy scrutiny and load. For retailers, the \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/customers/peak-performance-how-retailers-used-google-cloud-during-black-friday-cyber-monday\"\u003eBlack Friday/Cyber Monday\u003c/a\u003e weekend at the end of November and \u003ca href\u003d\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singles%27_Day\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eSingles' Day\u003c/a\u003e on November 11 are examples of this. During these events, customers are more likely to tell you—directly or indirectly—when they’re unhappy. They’re racing to take advantage of all the superb deals your site is offering, and if they can’t do so, they’ll tell you. In addition to those who complain, many more will have left your site in silent displeasure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOr suppose that your company’s service lets customers stream live sports matches. They care about reliability all the time, but really care about reliability during specific events such as the \u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eFIFA World Cup\u003c/a\u003e final, because nearly everyone is watching one specific stream and is hanging on every moment of the game. If they miss seeing the critical goal in the World Cup final because your streaming service died, they are going to be quite unhappy and they’re going to let you know about it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBe aware, however, that this isn’t the whole story; it tells you what “really bad” looks like to your customers, but there is generally not enough data to determine what “annoying” looks like. For the latter, you need to look at a much longer operational period for your service.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnalyzing SLI data\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose you had a reasonably successful day, with no customer-perceived outages that you know about. So your customer happiness metric was flat, but your 24-hour SLI view looks like the diagram below.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,""],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image1_XrLua4X.max-1000x1000.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image1_XrLua4X.max-1000x1000.png 960w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image1_XrLua4X.max-1000x1000.png 960w"," 960px, 960px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image1_XrLua4X.max-1000x1000.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis presents you with a problem. You have three periods in the day where your failure rate is much higher than normal, for a significant amount of time (30-plus minutes). Your customers aren’t complaining, so either you’re not detecting customer complaints, or your SLI is showing errors that customers aren’t seeing. (See below for what to do in this situation.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, if you see the following with the same lack of customer complaint history:\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,""],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image3_lefE5Tg.max-1000x1000.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image3_lefE5Tg.max-1000x1000.png 960w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image3_lefE5Tg.max-1000x1000.png 960w"," 960px, 960px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image3_lefE5Tg.max-1000x1000.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThen this suggests you might have quite a good SLI. There are a couple of transient events that might relate to glitches in monitoring or infrastructure, but overall the SLI is low in volatility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNow let’s consider a day where you know you had a problem: Early in the day, you know that your users started to get very unhappy because your support call volume went through the roof around 9am, and stayed that way for several hours before tailing off. You look at your SLI for the day and you see the following:\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[[[null,""],["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image4_p0homUb.max-1200x1200.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image4_p0homUb.max-1100x1100.png 1060w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image4_p0homUb.max-1200x1200.png 1156w"," 1060px, 1156px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/image4_p0homUb.max-1200x1200.png"],null,3]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe SLI clearly supports the customer feedback in its general shape. You see a couple of hours when the error rate was more than 10x normal, a very brief recovery, another couple of hours of high error rate, then a gradual recovery. That’s a strong signal that the SLI is correlated with the happiness of your users.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe most interesting point to investigate is the opening of the incident: Your SLI shows you a transient spike in errors (“First spike” in the diagram), followed by a sustained high error rate. How well did this capture when real users started to see problems? For this, you probably need to trawl through your server and client logs for the time in question. Is this when you start to see a dip in indicators such as transactions completed? Remember that support calls or forum posts will inevitably lag user-visible errors by many minutes—though sometimes you will get lucky and people will write things like “about 10 minutes ago I started seeing errors.”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt least as important: Consider is how your failure rate scales compared to the percentage of users who can complete their transactions. Your SLI might be showing a 25% error rate, but that could make your system effectively unusable if users have to complete three actions in a series for a transaction to complete. That would mean the probability of success is 75% x 75% x 75%, i.e., only 42%, and so nearly 60% of transaction attempts would fail. (That is, the failure rate is cumulative because users can’t attempt action two before action one is complete).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMy customers are unhappy but my SLIs are fine\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf this is your situation, have you considered acquiring customers who are \u003ca href\u003d\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_L%C3%B6sung\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003emore aligned\u003c/a\u003e with your existing SLIs?\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe’re kidding, of course—this turns out to be quite challenging, not to mention bad for business, and you may well end up believing that you have a real gap in your SLI monitoring. In this case, you need to go back and do an analysis of the event in question: Are there existing (non-SLI) monitoring signals that show the user impact starting to happen, such as a drop in completed payments on your site? If so, can you derive an additional SLI from them? If not, what else do you have to measure to be able to detect this problem?\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt Google, we have a specific tag: “Customer found it first” when we’re carrying out our \u003ca href\u003d\"https://landing.google.com/sre/sre-book/chapters/postmortem-culture/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003epostmortems\u003c/a\u003e. This denotes a situation when the monitoring signals driving engineer response didn’t clearly indicate a problem before the customers noticed, and no engineer could prove that an alert would have fired. Postmortems with this tag, where a critical mass of customers noticed the problem first, should always have action items addressing this gap. That may be either expanding the existing set of SLIs for the service to cover these situations, or tightening the thresholds of existing SLOs so that the violation gets flagged earlier.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut wait: You already have some signals for “customer happiness,” as we’ve noted above. Why don’t you use one of them, such as support center call rates, as one of your SLIs? Well, the principle we recommend is that you should use reports of customers’ dissatisfaction as a signal to calibrate your SLIs, but ultimately you should rely on SLIs rather than customer reports to know how well your product behaves.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGenerally, the decision about using these as SLIs comes down to a combination of signal resolution and time lag. Any signal which relies on human action inevitably introduces lag; a human has to notice that there’s a problem, decide that it’s severe enough to act on, then find the right web page to report it. That will add up to tens of minutes before you start getting enough of a signal to alert your on-call. In addition, unless you have a huge user base, the very small fraction of users who care enough about your service to report problems will mean that user reports are an intrinsically noisy signal, and might well come from an unrepresentative subset of your users.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere’s also the option of measuring your SLIs elsewhere. For instance, if you have a mobile application, you might measure your customers’ experience there and push that data back to your service. This can improve the quality of your SLI measurement, which we’d strongly encourage, providing a clearer picture of how bad an incident was - and how much error budget it spent. However, that can cause your data to take longer to arrive in your monitoring system than when you measure your service performance directly, so don’t rely on this as a timely source of alerts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMy SLIs are unhappy but my customers are fine \u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe often think of this situation as one of “polluted” SLIs. As well as transient spikes of failures that users don’t notice, your SLI might show periodic peaks of errors from when a batch system sends a daily (or hourly) flurry of queries to your service, which do not have the same importance as queries from your customer. They might just be retried later if they fail, or maybe the data is not time-sensitive. Because you aren't distinguishing errors served to your internal systems from errors served to your customers, you can't determine whether the batch traffic is impacting your customer experience; the batch traffic is hiding what could otherwise be a perfectly good signal.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen you later try to define an SLO in this unhappy situation, and set up alerts for when you spend too much of your \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/understanding-error-budget-overspend-cre-life-lessons\"\u003eerror budget\u003c/a\u003e, you’ll be forced to either spend a significant amount of error budget during each peak, or set the SLO to be so loose that real users will endure a significant amount of pain before the error budget spend starts to show any impact.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSo you should figure out a way to exclude these batch queries from your SLI: they don’t deserve the same SLO as queries from real customers. Possible approaches include:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eConfigure the batch queries to hit a different endpoint;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMeasure the SLI at a different point in the architecture where the batch queries don’t appear;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eReplace the SLI by measuring something at a higher level of abstraction (such as a complete user transaction);\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTag each query with “batch,” “interactive,” or another category, and break down SLI reporting by these tags; or\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ePost-process the logs to remove the batch queries from your accounting.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the above example, the problem is that the SLI doesn't really describe user harm from the point of view of the batch system; we don’t know what the consequence of returning 10% errors to the batch queries might be. So we should remove the batch queries from the regular SLI accounting, and investigate if there’s a better high-level SLI to represent the batch user experience, such as “percentage of financial reports published by their due date”.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEverything is awesome (for now)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCongratulations! You’ve reviewed your SLIs and customer happiness, and things seem to match up. No, this is not the end. So far in this blog post we’ve focused on critical events as a driver for improving your service’s SLIs, but really this is an activity that you should be doing periodically for your service.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe’d recommend that at least every few months you conduct a review of user happiness signals against your measured SLIs, and look in particular for times that users were more unhappy than usual but your SLIs didn’t really move. That’s a sign that you need to find a new SLI, or improve the quality of an existing SLI, in order to detect this unhappiness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eManaging multiple SLIs\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou might have several SLIs defined for your service, but you know that your users were having a bad time between 10am and 11:30am, and only one of your SLIs was out of bounds during that time. Is that a problem?\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt’s not a problem per se; you expect different SLIs to measure different aspects of the customer experience. That’s why you have them. At some point, there will be broad problems with your systems where all your SLIs plummet below their targets. An overloaded backend application might cause elevated levels of your latency SLI, but most transactions are still completing, so your availability SLI might show nearly normal levels despite a significant amount of customers experiencing pain.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStill, you should expect each SLI to correspond to some kind of user-visible outage. If you’ve had several months of operations with several user-facing outages, and there’s one SLI which doesn’t budge from its normal range at all, you have to ask yourself why you’re monitoring it, alerting on it and acting on its variations. You might well have a good reason for hanging on to it—to capture a kind of problem that you haven’t seen yet, for example—but make sure that it’s not an emotional attachment. Every SLI is a tax on your team’s attention. Make sure \u003ca href\u003d\"https://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/alerting-on-slos/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eit’s a tax worth paying\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, remember that nearly any SLI is better than no SLI. As long as you are aware of the limitations of the SLIs you’re using, they give you valuable information in detecting and evaluating user-facing outages.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn a future post we’ll talk about the next step in complexity—deciding how to combine these SLIs into a useful SLO. (But we’ll save that for Future Us.) In the meantime, you can start learning about \u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.coursera.org/learn/site-reliability-engineering-slos\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eSRE SLOs in our Coursera course\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThanks to Alec Warner, Alex Bramley, Anton Tolchanov, Dave Rensin, David Ferguson, Gustavo Franco, Kristina Bennett, and Myk Taylor, among others, for their contributions to this post.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[["Google Cloud","SRE fundamentals: SLIs, SLAs and SLOs","A big part of SRE is establishing and monitoring service-level metrics like SLOs, SLAs and SLIs. This post gives you an overview of what each of these acronyms are, what they mean, and how to use them.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/15_-_Google_Cloud_2fKuG6b.max-900x900.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/15_-_Google_Cloud_2fKuG6b.max-500x500.jpg 410w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/15_-_Google_Cloud_2fKuG6b.max-900x900.jpg 820w"," 410px, 820px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/15_-_Google_Cloud_2fKuG6b.max-900x900.jpg"],null,5,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/sre-fundamentals-slis-slas-and-slos",null,1,[["Jay Judkowitz","Senior Product Manager"],["Mark Carter","Group Product Manager"]],null,"37509"]]]],[["Infrastructure Modernization","New AI-powered quick assessments in Migration Center turbocharge modernization","New, AI-powered Quick Assessments in Migration Center deliver near-instant TCO modeling and automated service mapping.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/19_-_Infrastructure_Modernization_o5CKMmf.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/19_-_Infrastructure_Modernization_o5CKMmf.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/19_-_Infrastructure_Modernization_o5CKMmf.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/19_-_Infrastructure_Modernization_o5CKMmf.max-700x700.jpg"],null,2,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure-modernization/ai-powered-quick-assessments-in-migration-center",null,1,[["Jeff Welsch","Principal, Product Management, Enterprise Migration \u0026 Growth"],["Rajesh Rathod","Lead Group Product Manager"]],null,"59326"],["Databases","Introducing Database Operations Agents: The future of autonomous database management","A closer look at AI-powered database operations agents for setting up and onboarding AlloyDB, Bigtable, Cloud SQL, Spanner, as well as managing them.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/10_-_Databases.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/10_-_Databases.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/10_-_Databases.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/10_-_Databases.max-700x700.jpg"],null,6,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/databases/deep-dive-on-new-ai-powered-database-agents",null,1,[["Niranjan Shivprasad","Group Product Manager"],["Nitesh Mehta","Senior Product Manager"]],null,"59140"],["Management Tools","Anomaly detection using dynamic thresholds and two-year-long alerts in Cloud Monitoring","Long-lookback alert policies for PromQL cover up to two years of metrics in Cloud Monitoring for year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter analysis.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg"],null,6,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/cloud-monitoring-adds-long-lookback-alert-policies-for-promql",null,1,[["Lee Yanco","Senior Product Manager"],["Daniel Koss","Staff Software Engineer"]],null,"59049"],["Management Tools","From query to action: Introducing SQL alerting in Cloud Monitoring Observability Analytics","Cloud Monitoring Observability Analytics lets you create alerts from (and get alerted about) analytical SQL queries of logs and traces.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg"],null,4,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/alert-with-sql-in-cloud-monitoring-observability-analytics",null,1,[["Joy Wang","Senior Product Manager"],["Mark Stahl","Staff software engineer"]],null,"59038"]],null,"Management Tools",null,[["Management Tools","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools","management-tools",[],["en"],"Products"],["Google Cloud","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp","gcp",[],["en"],"Products"]],null,null,11,null,38670], sideChannel: {}});</script><script id="wiz_jd" nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">if (window['_wjdc']) {const wjd = {}; window['_wjdc'](wjd); delete window['_wjdc'];}</script><script aria-hidden="true" id="WIZ-footer" nonce="qkUwoRjjMLiVoFzmkXAFBQ">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress();window.stopScanForCss&&window.stopScanForCss(); ccTick('bl');</script></body></html><footer id="ZCHFDb"><footer class="nRhiJb-RWrDld nRhiJb-yePe5c QJnbF" jscontroller="NsSboe" track-metadata-module="footer"><h3 class="nRhiJb-VqCwd-L6cTce">Footer Links</h3><section class="nRhiJb-haF9Wb r2W5Od"><section class="nRhiJb-DX2B6"><div class="nRhiJb-j5y3u"><h4 class="nRhiJb-BkAck nRhiJb-BkAck-OWXEXe-TzA9Ye">Follow us</h4><ul class="nRhiJb-Qijihe c3Uqdd" role="list"><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.x.com/googlecloud" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="x"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.x.com/googlecloud"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M13.9,10.5L21.1,2h-1.7l-6.3,7.4L8,2H2.2l7.6,11.1L2.2,22h1.7l6.7-7.8L16,22h5.8L13.9,10.5L13.9,10.5z M11.5,13.2l-0.8-1.1 L4.6,3.3h2.7l5,7.1l0.8,1.1l6.5,9.2h-2.7L11.5,13.2L11.5,13.2z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.youtube.com/googlecloud" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="youtube"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.youtube.com/googlecloud"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M23.74 7.1s-.23-1.65-.95-2.37c-.91-.96-1.93-.96-2.4-1.02C17.04 3.47 12 3.5 12 3.5s-5.02-.03-8.37.21c-.46.06-1.48.06-2.39 1.02C.52 5.45.28 7.1.28 7.1S.04 9.05 0 10.98V13c.04 1.94.28 3.87.28 3.87s.24 1.65.96 2.38c.91.95 2.1.92 2.64 1.02 1.88.18 7.91.22 8.12.22 0 0 5.05.01 8.4-.23.46-.06 1.48-.06 2.39-1.02.72-.72.96-2.37.96-2.37s.24-1.94.25-3.87v-2.02c-.02-1.93-.26-3.88-.26-3.88zM9.57 15.5V8.49L16 12.13 9.57 15.5z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/google-cloud" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="linkedin"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.linkedin.com/showcase/google-cloud"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 2H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 20c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM8 19H5v-9h3v9zM6.5 8.31c-1 0-1.81-.81-1.81-1.81S5.5 4.69 6.5 4.69s1.81.81 1.81 1.81S7.5 8.31 6.5 8.31zM19 19h-3v-5.3c0-.83-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5s-1.5.67-1.5 1.5V19h-3v-9h3v1.2c.52-.84 1.59-1.4 2.5-1.4 1.93 0 3.5 1.57 3.5 3.5V19z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.instagram.com/googlecloud/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="instagram"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.instagram.com/googlecloud/"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12,0 C15.3,0 15.7,0 17,0 C18.3,0.1 19.1,0.3 19.9,0.6 C20.7,0.9 21.3,1.3 22,2 C22.7,2.7 23.1,3.4 23.3,4.2 C23.6,5 23.8,5.8 23.9,7.1 C24,8.3 24,8.7 24,12 C24,15.3 24,15.7 23.9,16.9 C23.8,18.2 23.6,19 23.3,19.8 C23,20.6 22.6,21.2 21.9,21.9 C21.3,22.6 20.6,23 19.8,23.3 C19,23.6 18.2,23.8 16.9,23.9 C15.7,24 15.3,24 12,24 C8.7,24 8.3,24 7,24 C5.7,23.9 4.9,23.7 4.1,23.4 C3.3,23.1 2.7,22.7 2,22 C1.3,21.3 0.9,20.6 0.7,19.8 C0.4,19 0.2,18.2 0.1,16.9 C0,15.7 0,15.3 0,12 C0,8.7 0,8.3 0.1,7.1 C0.1,5.8 0.3,4.9 0.6,4.1 C0.9,3.4 1.3,2.7 2,2 C2.7,1.3 3.4,0.9 4.1,0.6 C4.9,0.3 5.8,0.1 7.1,0.1 C8.3,0 8.7,0 12,0 Z M12,2.2 C8.8,2.2 8.4,2.2 7.2,2.2 C6,2.3 5.3,2.5 4.9,2.6 C4.4,2.9 4,3.1 3.5,3.5 C3.1,3.9 2.8,4.3 2.6,4.9 C2.5,5.3 2.3,6 2.3,7.2 C2.2,8.4 2.2,8.8 2.2,12 C2.2,15.2 2.2,15.5 2.3,16.8 C2.3,17.9 2.5,18.6 2.7,19 C2.9,19.6 3.2,20 3.6,20.4 C4,20.8 4.4,21.1 5,21.3 C5.4,21.5 6,21.6 7.2,21.7 C8.4,21.8 8.8,21.8 12,21.8 C15.2,21.8 15.5,21.8 16.8,21.7 C17.9,21.7 18.6,21.5 19,21.3 C19.6,21.1 20,20.8 20.4,20.4 C20.8,20 21.1,19.6 21.3,19 C21.5,18.6 21.6,18 21.7,16.8 C21.8,15.6 21.8,15.2 21.8,12 C21.8,8.8 21.8,8.5 21.7,7.2 C21.7,6.1 21.5,5.4 21.3,5 C21.1,4.4 20.8,4 20.4,3.6 C20,3.2 19.6,2.9 19,2.7 C18.6,2.5 18,2.4 16.8,2.3 C15.6,2.2 15.2,2.2 12,2.2 Z M12,5.8 C15.4,5.8 18.2,8.6 18.2,12 C18.2,15.4 15.4,18.2 12,18.2 C8.6,18.2 5.8,15.4 5.8,12 C5.8,8.6 8.6,5.8 12,5.8 Z M12,16 C14.2,16 16,14.2 16,12 C16,9.8 14.2,8 12,8 C9.8,8 8,9.8 8,12 C8,14.2 9.8,16 12,16 Z M18.4,7 C17.6268014,7 17,6.37319865 17,5.6 C17,4.82680135 17.6268014,4.2 18.4,4.2 C19.1731986,4.2 19.8,4.82680135 19.8,5.6 C19.8,6.37319865 19.1731986,7 18.4,7 Z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.facebook.com/googlecloud/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" track-name="facebook"track-type="social link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="www.facebook.com/googlecloud/"track-metadata-module="footer"track-metadata-module_headline="follow us"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 2H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 20c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V4c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-1 2v3h-2c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v2h3v3h-3v7h-3v-7h-2v-3h2V7.5C13 5.57 14.57 4 16.5 4H19z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></section></section><section class="nRhiJb-hlZHHf rtKYfe"><div class="nRhiJb-vQnuyc UXgbsb"><a class="ZOs9zc" href="https://cloud.google.com/" title="Google Cloud" track-name="google"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/"track-metadata-module="footer"><img src="https://www.gstatic.com/cgc/super_cloud_gradient.png" class="nRhiJb-vQnuyc-RJLb9c" alt="Cloud logo"/></a></div><ul class="nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf nRhiJb-di8rgd-ZGNLv AXb5J" role="list"><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi " href="https://cloud.google.com/" track-name="google cloud"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/"track-metadata-module="footer">Google Cloud</a></li><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi " href="https://cloud.google.com/products/" track-name="google cloud products"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/products/"track-metadata-module="footer">Google Cloud Products</a></li><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi " href="https://myaccount.google.com/privacypolicy?hl=en-US" target="_blank" track-name="privacy"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="myaccount.google.com/privacypolicy?hl=en-US"track-metadata-module="footer">Privacy</a></li><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi " href="https://myaccount.google.com/termsofservice?hl=en-US" target="_blank" track-name="terms"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="myaccount.google.com/termsofservice?hl=en-US"track-metadata-module="footer">Terms</a></li><li aria-hidden="true" class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item"><a aria-hidden="true" role="button" tabindex="0" class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi glue-footer__link glue-cookie-notification-bar-control" href="#" target="_blank" track-name="cookies management controls"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="#"track-metadata-module="footer">Cookies management controls</a></li></ul><ul class="nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf-OWXEXe-hOedQd nRhiJb-di8rgd-ZGNLv qkxr1" role="list"><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf-rymPhb-ibnC6b-OWXEXe-hOedQd"><a class="nRhiJb-Fx4vi" href="https://support.google.com" target="_blank" track-name="help"track-type="footer link"track-metadata-position="footer"track-metadata-eventdetail="support.google.com"track-metadata-module="footer"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-xgZe3c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-yePe5c-h9d3hd" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12 2C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm1 17h-2v-2h2v2zm2.07-7.75l-.9.92C13.45 12.9 13 13.5 13 15h-2v-.5c0-1.1.45-2.1 1.17-2.83l1.24-1.26c.37-.36.59-.86.59-1.41 0-1.1-.9-2-2-2s-2 .9-2 2H8c0-2.21 1.79-4 4-4s4 1.79 4 4c0 .88-.36 1.68-.93 2.25z"></path></svg>Help</a></li><li class="glue-footer__global-links-list-item nRhiJb-hlZHHf-PLDbbf-rymPhb-ibnC6b-OWXEXe-hOedQd"><select jsaction="change:xU0iy" aria-label="Change language" class="nRhiJb-CL4aqd-j4gsHd"><option value="" selected disabled hidden>Language</option><option value="en" selected>‪English‬</option><option value="de">‪Deutsch‬</option><option value="fr">‪Français‬</option><option value="ko">‪한국어‬</option><option value="ja">‪日本語‬</option></select></li></ul></section></footer></footer>