982 lines
182 KiB
HTML
982 lines
182 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
|
||
<html lang="en-US" class="mt-0">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
||
<link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
|
||
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://github.githubassets.com/favicon.ico">
|
||
<meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />
|
||
|
||
<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https://yoast.com/product/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress/ -->
|
||
<title>Breaking down CPU speed: How utilization impacts performance - The GitHub Blog</title>
|
||
<meta name="description" content="The Performance Engineering team at GitHub assessed how CPU performance degrades as utilization increases and how this relates to capacity." />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://github.blog/engineering/architecture-optimization/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance/" />
|
||
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
|
||
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
|
||
<meta property="og:title" content="Breaking down CPU speed: How utilization impacts performance" />
|
||
<meta property="og:description" content="The Performance Engineering team at GitHub assessed how CPU performance degrades as utilization increases and how this relates to capacity." />
|
||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://github.blog/engineering/architecture-optimization/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance/" />
|
||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="The GitHub Blog" />
|
||
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-25T17:00:20+00:00" />
|
||
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-25T22:59:42+00:00" />
|
||
<meta property="og:image" content="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png" />
|
||
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
|
||
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630" />
|
||
<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" />
|
||
<meta name="author" content="Andreas Strikos" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:data1" content="Andreas Strikos" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:data2" content="9 minutes" />
|
||
<script type='application/ld+json'>{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","headline":"Breaking down CPU speed: How utilization impacts performance","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Andreas Strikos"},"datePublished":"2024-11-25T09:00:20-08:00","abstract":"The Performance Engineering team at GitHub assessed how CPU performance degrades as utilization increases and how this relates to capacity.","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/"},"image":"https:\/\/github.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?resize=150%2C150","@type":"TechArticle"}</script>
|
||
<script type='application/ld+json'>{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","headline":"Breaking down CPU speed: How utilization impacts performance","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Andreas Strikos"},"datePublished":"2024-11-25T09:00:20-08:00","abstract":"The Performance Engineering team at GitHub assessed how CPU performance degrades as utilization increases and how this relates to capacity.","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/"},"image":"https:\/\/github.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?resize=150%2C150","@type":"BlogPosting"}</script>
|
||
<script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/"},"author":[{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f8a9513720a27cf31ff3931feac2ddd8"}],"headline":"Breaking down CPU speed: How utilization impacts performance","datePublished":"2024-11-25T17:00:20+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-25T22:59:42+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/"},"wordCount":1650,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/github.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?fit=1200%2C630","keywords":["performance engineering"],"articleSection":["Architecture & optimization","Engineering"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/","url":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/","name":"Breaking down CPU speed: How utilization impacts performance - The GitHub Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/github.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?fit=1200%2C630","datePublished":"2024-11-25T17:00:20+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-25T22:59:42+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f8a9513720a27cf31ff3931feac2ddd8"},"description":"The Performance Engineering team at GitHub assessed how CPU performance degrades as utilization increases and how this relates to capacity.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/github.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?fit=1200%2C630","contentUrl":"https:\/\/github.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?fit=1200%2C630","width":1200,"height":630},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/breaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/github.blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Engineering","item":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Architecture & optimization","item":"https:\/\/github.blog\/engineering\/architecture-optimization\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Breaking down CPU speed: How utilization impacts performance"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/github.blog\/","name":"The GitHub Blog","description":"Updates, ideas, and inspiration from GitHub to help developers build and design software.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/github.blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/github.blog\/#\/schema\/person\/f8a9513720a27cf31ff3931feac2ddd8","name":"Andreas Strikos","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/701f9de5f43561552453d1bf7fd8e826c74ccd52559ce786ea3146d4918b7b43?s=96&d=mm&r=gcadbd378bc0be9e2fa5e6075e392ee4f","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/701f9de5f43561552453d1bf7fd8e826c74ccd52559ce786ea3146d4918b7b43?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/701f9de5f43561552453d1bf7fd8e826c74ccd52559ce786ea3146d4918b7b43?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Andreas Strikos"},"description":"Andreas Strikos is a Senior Software Engineer at GitHub working on the Performance Engineering team.","url":"https:\/\/github.blog\/author\/astrikos\/"}]}</script>
|
||
<!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ghcc.githubassets.com' />
|
||
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//js.monitor.azure.com' />
|
||
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' />
|
||
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//analytics.githubassets.com' />
|
||
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' />
|
||
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The GitHub Blog » Feed" href="https://github.blog/feed/" />
|
||
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The GitHub Blog » Comments Feed" href="https://github.blog/comments/feed/" />
|
||
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://github.blog/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.blog%2Fengineering%2Farchitecture-optimization%2Fbreaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance%2F" />
|
||
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://github.blog/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.blog%2Fengineering%2Farchitecture-optimization%2Fbreaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance%2F&format=xml" />
|
||
<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">
|
||
img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */
|
||
</style>
|
||
<style id="wp-emoji-styles-inline-css">
|
||
|
||
img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
|
||
display: inline !important;
|
||
border: none !important;
|
||
box-shadow: none !important;
|
||
height: 1em !important;
|
||
width: 1em !important;
|
||
margin: 0 0.07em !important;
|
||
vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
|
||
background: none !important;
|
||
padding: 0 !important;
|
||
}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=wp-emoji-styles-inline-css */
|
||
</style>
|
||
<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css">
|
||
:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}
|
||
|
||
/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
<style id="github-typography-presets-inline-css">
|
||
.is-typography-preset-h1{font-size:var(--base-size-36, 36px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:20px;margin-block-start:0;}.is-typography-preset-h2{font-size:var(--base-size-32, 32px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:20px;margin-block-start:40px;}.is-typography-preset-h3{font-size:var(--base-size-28, 28px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:12px;margin-block-start:20px;}.is-typography-preset-h4{font-size:var(--base-size-24, 24px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:12px;margin-block-start:20px;}.is-typography-preset-h5{font-size:var(--base-size-20, 20px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:12px;margin-block-start:20px;}.is-typography-preset-h6{font-size:var(--base-size-18, 18px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:0;margin-block-start:20px;}.is-typography-preset-display{font:var(--text-display-shorthand);}.is-typography-preset-title-large{font:var(--text-title-shorthand-large);}.is-typography-preset-title-medium{font:var(--text-title-shorthand-medium);}.is-typography-preset-title-small{font:var(--text-title-shorthand-small);}.is-typography-preset-subtitle{font:var(--text-subtitle-shorthand);}.is-typography-preset-body-large{font:var(--text-body-shorthand-large);}.is-typography-preset-body-medium{font:var(--text-body-shorthand-medium);}.is-typography-preset-body-small{font:var(--text-body-shorthand-small);}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=github-typography-presets-inline-css */
|
||
</style>
|
||
<style id="global-styles-inline-css">
|
||
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,0) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: var(--base-size-20, 1.25rem);--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: var(--base-size-40, 2.5rem);--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: var(--base-size-80, 5rem);--wp--preset--spacing--4: var(--base-size-4, 0.25rem);--wp--preset--spacing--6: var(--base-size-6, 0.375rem);--wp--preset--spacing--8: var(--base-size-8, 0.5rem);--wp--preset--spacing--2: var(--base-size-2, 0.125rem);--wp--preset--spacing--12: var(--base-size-12, 0.75rem);--wp--preset--spacing--16: var(--base-size-16, 1rem);--wp--preset--spacing--24: var(--base-size-24, 1.5rem);--wp--preset--spacing--28: var(--base-size-28, 1.75rem);--wp--preset--spacing--32: var(--base-size-32, 2rem);--wp--preset--spacing--36: var(--base-size-36, 2.25rem);--wp--preset--spacing--44: var(--base-size-44, 2.75rem);--wp--preset--spacing--48: var(--base-size-48, 3rem);--wp--preset--spacing--64: var(--base-size-64, 4rem);--wp--preset--spacing--96: var(--base-size-96, 6rem);--wp--preset--spacing--112: var(--base-size-112, 7rem);--wp--preset--spacing--128: var(--base-size-128, 8rem);--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--custom--typography--presets--0--name: Like h1;--wp--custom--typography--presets--0--slug: h1;--wp--custom--typography--presets--0--font-size: var(--base-size-36, 36px);--wp--custom--typography--presets--0--font-weight: 700;--wp--custom--typography--presets--0--line-height: 1.25;--wp--custom--typography--presets--0--margin-block-end: 20px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--0--margin-block-start: 0;--wp--custom--typography--presets--1--name: Like h2;--wp--custom--typography--presets--1--slug: h2;--wp--custom--typography--presets--1--font-size: var(--base-size-32, 32px);--wp--custom--typography--presets--1--font-weight: 700;--wp--custom--typography--presets--1--line-height: 1.25;--wp--custom--typography--presets--1--margin-block-end: 20px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--1--margin-block-start: 40px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--2--name: Like h3;--wp--custom--typography--presets--2--slug: h3;--wp--custom--typography--presets--2--font-size: var(--base-size-28, 28px);--wp--custom--typography--presets--2--font-weight: 700;--wp--custom--typography--presets--2--line-height: 1.25;--wp--custom--typography--presets--2--margin-block-end: 12px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--2--margin-block-start: 20px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--3--name: Like h4;--wp--custom--typography--presets--3--slug: h4;--wp--custom--typography--presets--3--font-size: var(--base-size-24, 24px);--wp--custom--typography--presets--3--font-weight: 700;--wp--custom--typography--presets--3--line-height: 1.25;--wp--custom--typography--presets--3--margin-block-end: 12px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--3--margin-block-start: 20px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--4--name: Like h5;--wp--custom--typography--presets--4--slug: h5;--wp--custom--typography--presets--4--font-size: var(--base-size-20, 20px);--wp--custom--typography--presets--4--font-weight: 700;--wp--custom--typography--presets--4--line-height: 1.25;--wp--custom--typography--presets--4--margin-block-end: 12px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--4--margin-block-start: 20px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--5--name: Like h6;--wp--custom--typography--presets--5--slug: h6;--wp--custom--typography--presets--5--font-size: var(--base-size-18, 18px);--wp--custom--typography--presets--5--font-weight: 700;--wp--custom--typography--presets--5--line-height: 1.25;--wp--custom--typography--presets--5--margin-block-end: 0;--wp--custom--typography--presets--5--margin-block-start: 20px;--wp--custom--typography--presets--6--name: Display;--wp--custom--typography--presets--6--slug: display;--wp--custom--typography--presets--6--font: var(--text-display-shorthand);--wp--custom--typography--presets--7--name: Title Large;--wp--custom--typography--presets--7--slug: title-large;--wp--custom--typography--presets--7--font: var(--text-title-shorthand-large);--wp--custom--typography--presets--8--name: Title Medium;--wp--custom--typography--presets--8--slug: title-medium;--wp--custom--typography--presets--8--font: var(--text-title-shorthand-medium);--wp--custom--typography--presets--9--name: Title Small;--wp--custom--typography--presets--9--slug: title-small;--wp--custom--typography--presets--9--font: var(--text-title-shorthand-small);--wp--custom--typography--presets--10--name: Subtitle;--wp--custom--typography--presets--10--slug: subtitle;--wp--custom--typography--presets--10--font: var(--text-subtitle-shorthand);--wp--custom--typography--presets--11--name: Body Large;--wp--custom--typography--presets--11--slug: body-large;--wp--custom--typography--presets--11--font: var(--text-body-shorthand-large);--wp--custom--typography--presets--12--name: Body Medium;--wp--custom--typography--presets--12--slug: body-medium;--wp--custom--typography--presets--12--font: var(--text-body-shorthand-medium);--wp--custom--typography--presets--13--name: Body Small;--wp--custom--typography--presets--13--slug: body-small;--wp--custom--typography--presets--13--font: var(--text-body-shorthand-small);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: calc(1280px - var(--p-responsive-blog) * 2);--wp--style--global--wide-size: calc(1280px - var(--p-responsive-blog) * 2); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks { padding-top: var(--wp--style--root--padding-top); padding-bottom: var(--wp--style--root--padding-bottom); }.has-global-padding { padding-right: var(--wp--style--root--padding-right); padding-left: var(--wp--style--root--padding-left); }.has-global-padding > .alignfull { margin-right: calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-right) * -1); margin-left: calc(var(--wp--style--root--padding-left) * -1); }.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block, .alignfull)) { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; }.has-global-padding :where(:not(.alignfull.is-layout-flow) > .has-global-padding:not(.wp-block-block, .alignfull)) > .alignfull { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{font-family: var(--brand-fontStack-sansSerif, sans-serif);--wp--style--root--padding-top: 0px;--wp--style--root--padding-right: var(--p-responsive-blog);--wp--style--root--padding-bottom: 0px;--wp--style--root--padding-left: var(--p-responsive-blog);}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
<link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12' href='https://github.blog/_static/??-eJyNjEEOwjAMBD+EMalEWw6It7SpSSzFaVQ7KvyewAWOXGd3BvcCfs1G2bCkGjgrNiSUK7BMgXBSJVP02gZhuG/tDWrPRMfGDvgTsEhCioEt1hm6U+fAR04LLqz2KSQO0eb18Yf6lZSNQP3Gxd7eTa5uGMfLuXf98ALe40UN' type='text/css' media='all' />
|
||
<link rel='stylesheet' id='highlightjs-css-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.11.1/styles/default.min.css?ver=11.4.0' media='all' />
|
||
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://github.blog/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://github.blog/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/81409" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://github.blog/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
|
||
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.1" />
|
||
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/pamS32-lb3' />
|
||
<!-- Stream WordPress user activity plugin v4.4.0 -->
|
||
<style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style>
|
||
<link rel="llms-sitemap" href="https://github.blog/llms.txt" />
|
||
<meta name="ha-url" content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github-blog/collect"><link rel="preload" href="https://github.blog/wp-content/themes/github-2021/dist/fonts/mona-sans.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="https://github.blog/wp-content/themes/github-2021/dist/fonts/MonaspaceNeon-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="icon" href="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/cropped-github-favicon-512.png?fit=32%2C32" sizes="32x32" />
|
||
<link rel="icon" href="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/cropped-github-favicon-512.png?fit=192%2C192" sizes="192x192" />
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/cropped-github-favicon-512.png?fit=180%2C180" />
|
||
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/cropped-github-favicon-512.png?fit=270%2C270" />
|
||
<style id="wp-style-engine-github-typography-presets-inline-css">
|
||
.is-typography-preset-h1{font-size:var(--base-size-36, 36px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:20px;margin-block-start:0;}.is-typography-preset-h2{font-size:var(--base-size-32, 32px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:20px;margin-block-start:40px;}.is-typography-preset-h3{font-size:var(--base-size-28, 28px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:12px;margin-block-start:20px;}.is-typography-preset-h4{font-size:var(--base-size-24, 24px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:12px;margin-block-start:20px;}.is-typography-preset-h5{font-size:var(--base-size-20, 20px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:12px;margin-block-start:20px;}.is-typography-preset-h6{font-size:var(--base-size-18, 18px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.25;margin-block-end:0;margin-block-start:20px;}.is-typography-preset-display{font:var(--text-display-shorthand);}.is-typography-preset-title-large{font:var(--text-title-shorthand-large);}.is-typography-preset-title-medium{font:var(--text-title-shorthand-medium);}.is-typography-preset-title-small{font:var(--text-title-shorthand-small);}.is-typography-preset-subtitle{font:var(--text-subtitle-shorthand);}.is-typography-preset-body-large{font:var(--text-body-shorthand-large);}.is-typography-preset-body-medium{font:var(--text-body-shorthand-medium);}.is-typography-preset-body-small{font:var(--text-body-shorthand-small);}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=wp-style-engine-github-typography-presets-inline-css */
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body class="wp-singular post-template-default single single-post postid-81409 single-format-standard wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-github-2021 wp-child-theme-github-2021-child font-mktg no-sidebar" data-color-mode="light" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark">
|
||
<div data-color-mode="dark" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark_dimmed" class="pt-header pt-lg-0">
|
||
<header id="header" class="header position-fixed position-lg-static pb-lg-header z-4 top-0 left-0 right-0 d-flex flex-column flex-items-stretch color-bg-default">
|
||
<a href="#start-of-content" class="p-3 color-bg-accent-emphasis color-fg-on-emphasis show-on-focus">
|
||
Skip to content </a>
|
||
<a href="#sidebar" id="skip-to-sidebar" class="p-3 color-bg-accent-emphasis color-fg-on-emphasis show-on-focus">
|
||
Skip to sidebar </a>
|
||
<div class="position-relative container-xl width-full mx-auto p-responsive-blog">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between pt-3 pb-3 color-fg-default">
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://github.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" aria-label="GitHub homepage" class="Header-link position-relative d-flex flex-items-center color-fg-default">
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" class="octicon octicon-mark-github d-block" viewBox="0 0 98 96" width="32" height="32" fill="currentColor"><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path d="M41.44 69.385C28.807 67.853 19.906 58.762 19.906 46.99c0-4.785 1.723-9.953 4.594-13.398-1.244-3.158-1.053-9.858.383-12.633 3.828-.479 8.996 1.531 12.058 4.307 3.637-1.149 7.465-1.723 12.155-1.723 4.69 0 8.517.574 11.963 1.627 2.966-2.68 8.23-4.69 12.058-4.211 1.34 2.584 1.531 9.283.287 12.537 3.063 3.637 4.69 8.518 4.69 13.494 0 11.772-8.9 20.672-21.725 22.3 3.254 2.104 5.455 6.698 5.455 11.962v9.953c0 2.871 2.393 4.498 5.264 3.35C84.41 87.95 98 70.629 98 49.19 98 22.107 75.988 0 48.904 0 21.82 0 0 22.107 0 49.191c0 21.246 13.494 38.856 31.678 45.46 2.584.956 5.072-.766 5.072-3.35v-7.657c-1.34.575-3.063.958-4.594.958-6.316 0-10.049-3.446-12.728-9.858-1.053-2.584-2.201-4.115-4.403-4.402-1.148-.096-1.53-.574-1.53-1.149 0-1.148 1.913-2.01 3.827-2.01 2.776 0 5.168 1.723 7.657 5.264 1.914 2.776 3.923 4.02 6.316 4.02 2.392 0 3.924-.861 6.125-3.063 1.627-1.627 2.871-3.062 4.02-4.02z" fill="#fff"/></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h98v96H0z"/></clipPath></defs></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<span class="d-inline-block ml-2 f1-mktg f2-md-mktg" style="opacity: 0.3;">/</span>
|
||
<a class="d-inline-block Header-link font-weight-semibold ml-2 f2 color-fg-default" href="https://github.blog/">
|
||
Blog</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="d-none d-lg-block" aria-label="Secondary navigation">
|
||
<ul id="secondary-navigation" class="secondary-navigation flex-items-center flex-nowrap list-style-none ml-4" aria-hidden="false"><li id="menu-item-78809"><a href="https://github.blog/changelog/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-2 px-4 f4 lh-condensed-ultra Link--secondary color-fg-default text-medium"><span class="menu-item-label">Changelog</span></a></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78810"><a href="https://docs.github.com/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-2 px-4 f4 lh-condensed-ultra Link--secondary color-fg-default text-medium"><span class="menu-item-label">Docs</span><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down position-absolute right-0 d-block ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78811"><a href="https://github.com/customer-stories" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-2 px-4 f4 lh-condensed-ultra Link--secondary color-fg-default text-medium"><span class="menu-item-label">Customer stories</span><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down position-absolute right-0 d-block ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li>
|
||
</ul></nav>
|
||
|
||
<div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-1">
|
||
<form id="desktop-search" class="desktop-search position-relative ml-lg-4 flex-1" action="https://github.blog" method="get" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Search form" role="search">
|
||
<div class="position-relative d-flex flex-1 height-full color-bg-transparent" data-color-mode="light" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark" >
|
||
<input aria-label="Search the blog" type="search" class="p-2 pl-3 pr-6 border-0 rounded-2 flex-1" placeholder="Search the blog…" value="" name="s" id="search-input">
|
||
<button type="submit" class="position-absolute right-0 z-3 d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-center flex-self-center mr-2 p-2 border-0 rounded-2 color-bg-transparent color-fg-subtle" aria-label="Search">
|
||
<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20" height="20" class="octicon octicon-search" role="presentation"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
<button aria-label="Toggle search" class="flex-self-center ml-auto p-2 border-0 color-bg-transparent color-fg-default rounded-3 js-toggle" aria-controls="desktop-search" aria-expanded="false" >
|
||
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="octicon octicon-search" role="presentation"><path d="M10.25 2a8.25 8.25 0 0 1 6.34 13.53l5.69 5.69a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-5.69-5.69A8.25 8.25 0 1 1 10.25 2ZM3.5 10.25a6.75 6.75 0 1 0 13.5 0 6.75 6.75 0 0 0-13.5 0Z"></path></svg>
|
||
<svg viewBox="2 2 20 20" width="24" height="24" class="octicon octicon-x" role="presentation"><path d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<a class="Button Button--size-medium Button--primary ml-3"
|
||
href="https://github.com/features/ai/github-app?utm_source=blog-header-button-cta&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=github-app-cli-Q1-push" target="_blank" data-analytics-click="Blog, click on button, text: Use Copilot for free; ref_location:top nav;" >
|
||
<span class="Button__text">
|
||
<span class="Text Text--200 Text--antialiased Text--weight-semibold Button--label Button--label-medium Button--label-primary">
|
||
Try GitHub Copilot app </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a class="Button Button--size-medium Button--secondary ml-3"
|
||
href="https://githubuniverse.com/?utm_source=Blog-button&utm_medium=GitHub&utm_campaign=blog_button_seb_uni_26" target="_blank" data-analytics-click="Blog, click on button, text: Attend Universe; ref_location:top nav;" >
|
||
<span class="Button__text">
|
||
<span class="Text Text--200 Text--antialiased Text--weight-semibold Button--label Button--label-medium Button--label-secondary">
|
||
Attend GitHub Universe </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="d-flex d-lg-none flex-items-center flex-1 mr-n2">
|
||
<button aria-label="Toggle search" class="ml-auto p-2 border-0 color-bg-transparent color-fg-default rounded-3 js-toggle" aria-controls="mobile-search" aria-expanded="false" >
|
||
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="octicon octicon-search" role="presentation"><path d="M10.25 2a8.25 8.25 0 0 1 6.34 13.53l5.69 5.69a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-5.69-5.69A8.25 8.25 0 1 1 10.25 2ZM3.5 10.25a6.75 6.75 0 1 0 13.5 0 6.75 6.75 0 0 0-13.5 0Z"></path></svg>
|
||
<svg viewBox="2 2 20 20" width="24" height="24" class="octicon octicon-x" role="presentation"><path d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<button class="mobile-nav-focus-trap js-mobile-nav-focus-trap" data-target="#mobile-menu" data-focus-order="last"></button>
|
||
<button id="mobile-menu-toggle" aria-label="Toggle menu" class="ml-2 p-2 border-0 color-bg-transparent color-fg-default rounded-3 js-toggle" aria-controls="mobile-menu" aria-expanded="false" data-trap-focus="#header">
|
||
<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="24" height="24" class="octicon octicon-three-bars" role="presentation"><path d="M1 2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 1.75 2h12.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 1 2.75Zm0 5A.75.75 0 0 1 1.75 7h12.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H1.75A.75.75 0 0 1 1 7.75ZM1.75 12h12.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5H1.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path></svg>
|
||
<svg viewBox="2 2 20 20" width="24" height="24" class="octicon octicon-x " role="presentation"><path d="M5.72 5.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L12 10.94l5.22-5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L13.06 12l5.22 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L12 13.06l-5.22 5.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L10.94 12 5.72 6.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="position-relative pb-lg-navigation" data-sticky-navigation=".sticky-navigation">
|
||
|
||
<nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="sticky-navigation position-absolute z-4 top-0 left-0 d-none d-lg-block width-full color-border-subtle color-bg-default">
|
||
<div class="position-relative container-xl width-full mx-auto p-responsive-blog">
|
||
<ul id="primary-navigation" class="primary-navigation position-relative d-flex flex-row flex-nowrap flex-grow-0 flex-justify-between list-style-none"><li id="menu-item-78814"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-3 f4-mktg text-bold js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-78814-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">AI & ML<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon d-block ml-1 color-fg-muted" role="presentation"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown d-flex flex-wrap width-full position-absolute left-0 list-style-none mt-2 rounded-3 z-3 overflow-hidden color-border-subtle" aria-label="AI & ML sub-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-color-mode="light" data-dark-theme="dark" data-light-theme="light" id="primary-78814-dropdown" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78863" class="flex-1 p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-7"><div class="col-9 mb-4 mb-lg-7"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-start f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold">AI & ML<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-1 my-0 f4 color-fg-muted">Learn about artificial intelligence and machine learning across the GitHub ecosystem and the wider industry.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="d-flex flex-wrap list-style-none" aria-label="AI & ML sub-menu">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78815" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/generative-ai/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Generative AI</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to build with generative AI.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78816" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/github-copilot/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">GitHub Copilot</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Change how you work with GitHub Copilot.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78817" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/llms/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">LLMs</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Everything developers need to know about LLMs.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78818" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/machine-learning/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Machine learning</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Machine learning tips, tricks, and best practices.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78864" class="p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-8 col-4 color-bg-subtle post-card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AI-DarkMode-4.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AI-DarkMode-4.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AI-DarkMode-4.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AI-DarkMode-4.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AI-DarkMode-4.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AI-DarkMode-4.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/generative-ai/how-ai-code-generation-works/" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold post-card__link">How AI code generation works</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Explore the capabilities and benefits of AI code generation and how it can improve your developer experience.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78819"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-3 f4-mktg text-bold js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-78819-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Developer skills<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon d-block ml-1 color-fg-muted" role="presentation"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown d-flex flex-wrap width-full position-absolute left-0 list-style-none mt-2 rounded-3 z-3 overflow-hidden color-border-subtle" aria-label="Developer skills sub-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-color-mode="light" data-dark-theme="dark" data-light-theme="light" id="primary-78819-dropdown" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78865" class="flex-1 p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-7"><div class="col-9 mb-4 mb-lg-7"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-start f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold">Developer skills<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-1 my-0 f4 color-fg-muted">Resources for developers to grow in their skills and careers.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="d-flex flex-wrap list-style-none" aria-label="Developer skills sub-menu">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78820" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/application-development/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Application development</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Insights and best practices for building apps.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78821" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/career-growth/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Career growth</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Tips & tricks to grow as a professional developer.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78822" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/github/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">GitHub</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Improve how you use GitHub at work.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78823" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/github-education/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">GitHub Education</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to move into your first professional role.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78824" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/programming-languages-and-frameworks/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Programming languages & frameworks</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Stay current on what’s new (or new again).</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78866" class="p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-8 col-4 color-bg-subtle post-card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Enterprise-DarkMode-3.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/get-started" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold post-card__link">Get started with GitHub documentation</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to start building, shipping, and maintaining software with GitHub.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78825"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-3 f4-mktg text-bold js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-78825-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Engineering<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon d-block ml-1 color-fg-muted" role="presentation"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown d-flex flex-wrap width-full position-absolute left-0 list-style-none mt-2 rounded-3 z-3 overflow-hidden color-border-subtle" aria-label="Engineering sub-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-color-mode="light" data-dark-theme="dark" data-light-theme="light" id="primary-78825-dropdown" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78867" class="flex-1 p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-7"><div class="col-9 mb-4 mb-lg-7"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-start f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold">Engineering<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-1 my-0 f4 color-fg-muted">Get an inside look at how we’re building the home for all developers.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="d-flex flex-wrap list-style-none" aria-label="Engineering sub-menu">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78827" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/architecture-optimization/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Architecture & optimization</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Discover how we deliver a performant and highly available experience across the GitHub platform.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78828" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/engineering-principles/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Engineering principles</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Explore best practices for building software at scale with a majority remote team.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78829" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/infrastructure/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Infrastructure</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Get a glimpse at the technology underlying the world’s leading AI-powered developer platform.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78830" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/platform-security/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Platform security</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how we build security into everything we do across the developer lifecycle.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78858" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/user-experience/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">User experience</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Find out what goes into making GitHub the home for all developers.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78868" class="p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-8 col-4 color-bg-subtle post-card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.42.45 AM.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/how-we-use-github-to-be-more-productive-collaborative-and-secure/" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold post-card__link">How we use GitHub to be more productive, collaborative, and secure</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Our engineering and security teams do some incredible work. Let’s take a look at how we use GitHub to be more productive, build collaboratively, and shift security left.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78832"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-3 f4-mktg text-bold js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-78832-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Enterprise software<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon d-block ml-1 color-fg-muted" role="presentation"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown d-flex flex-wrap width-full position-absolute left-0 list-style-none mt-2 rounded-3 z-3 overflow-hidden color-border-subtle" aria-label="Enterprise software sub-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-color-mode="light" data-dark-theme="dark" data-light-theme="light" id="primary-78832-dropdown" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78869" class="flex-1 p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-7"><div class="col-9 mb-4 mb-lg-7"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-start f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold">Enterprise software<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-1 my-0 f4 color-fg-muted">Explore how to write, build, and deploy enterprise software at scale.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="d-flex flex-wrap list-style-none" aria-label="Enterprise software sub-menu">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78833" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/automation/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Automation</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Automating your way to faster and more secure ships.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78834" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/ci-cd/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">CI/CD</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Guides on continuous integration and delivery.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78835" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/collaboration/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Collaboration</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Tips, tools, and tricks to improve developer collaboration.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78836" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/devops/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">DevOps</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">DevOps resources for enterprise engineering teams.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78837" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/devsecops/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">DevSecOps</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">How to integrate security into the SDLC.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78838" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/governance-and-compliance/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Governance & compliance</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Ensuring your builds stay clean.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78870" class="p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-8 col-4 color-bg-subtle post-card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.43.47 AM.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.43.47 AM.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.43.47 AM.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.43.47 AM.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.43.47 AM.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers/gartner-magic-quadrant-and-critical-capabilities-for-ai-code-assistants" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold post-card__link">GitHub recognized as a Leader in the Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for AI Code Assistants</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn why Gartner positioned GitHub as a Leader for the second year in a row.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78840"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-3 f4-mktg text-bold js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-78840-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">News & insights<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon d-block ml-1 color-fg-muted" role="presentation"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown d-flex flex-wrap width-full position-absolute left-0 list-style-none mt-2 rounded-3 z-3 overflow-hidden color-border-subtle" aria-label="News & insights sub-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-color-mode="light" data-dark-theme="dark" data-light-theme="light" id="primary-78840-dropdown" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78871" class="flex-1 p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-7"><div class="col-9 mb-4 mb-lg-7"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-start f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold">News & insights<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-1 my-0 f4 color-fg-muted">Keep up with what’s new and notable from inside GitHub.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="d-flex flex-wrap list-style-none" aria-label="News & insights sub-menu">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78841" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/company-news/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Company news</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">An inside look at news and product updates from GitHub.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78844" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/product-news/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Product</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">The latest on GitHub’s platform, products, and tools.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78842" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/octoverse/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Octoverse</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Insights into the state of open source on GitHub.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78843" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/policy-news-and-insights/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Policy</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">The latest policy and regulatory changes in software.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78845" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/research/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Research</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Data-driven insights around the developer ecosystem.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78847" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/the-library/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">The library</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Older news and updates from GitHub.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78872" class="p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-8 col-4 color-bg-subtle post-card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.44.23 AM.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.44.23 AM.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.44.23 AM.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.44.23 AM.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.44.23 AM.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.44.23 AM.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/llms/unlocking-the-power-of-unstructured-data-with-rag/" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold post-card__link">Unlocking the power of unstructured data with RAG</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to use retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to capture more insights.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78848"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-3 f4-mktg text-bold js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-78848-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Open Source<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon d-block ml-1 color-fg-muted" role="presentation"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown d-flex flex-wrap width-full position-absolute left-0 list-style-none mt-2 rounded-3 z-3 overflow-hidden color-border-subtle" aria-label="Open Source sub-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-color-mode="light" data-dark-theme="dark" data-light-theme="light" id="primary-78848-dropdown" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78873" class="flex-1 p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-7"><div class="col-9 mb-4 mb-lg-7"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-start f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold">Open Source<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-1 my-0 f4 color-fg-muted">Everything open source on GitHub.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="d-flex flex-wrap list-style-none" aria-label="Open Source sub-menu">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78851" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/git/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Git</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">The latest Git updates.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78853" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/maintainers/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Maintainers</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Spotlighting open source maintainers.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78854" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/social-impact/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Social impact</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">How open source is driving positive change.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78850" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/gaming/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Gaming</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Explore open source games on GitHub.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78874" class="p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-8 col-4 color-bg-subtle post-card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.46.23 AM.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.46.23 AM.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.46.23 AM.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.46.23 AM.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.46.23 AM.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://resources.github.com/software-development/innersource/" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold post-card__link">An introduction to innersource</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Organizations worldwide are incorporating open source methodologies into the way they build and ship their own software.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78859"><a href="https://github.blog/security/" class="position-relative d-flex flex-items-center flex-start no-wrap py-3 f4-mktg text-bold js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-78859-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Security<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon d-block ml-1 color-fg-muted" role="presentation"><path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul class="dropdown d-flex flex-wrap width-full position-absolute left-0 list-style-none mt-2 rounded-3 z-3 overflow-hidden color-border-subtle" aria-label="Security sub-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-color-mode="light" data-dark-theme="dark" data-light-theme="light" id="primary-78859-dropdown" tabindex="-1">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78875" class="flex-1 p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-7"><div class="col-9 mb-4 mb-lg-7"><a href="https://github.blog/security/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-start f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold">Security<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-1 my-0 f4 color-fg-muted">Stay up to date on everything security.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="d-flex flex-wrap list-style-none" aria-label="Security sub-menu">
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78860" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right"><a href="https://github.blog/security/application-security/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Application security</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Application security, explained.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78861" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8"><a href="https://github.blog/security/supply-chain-security/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Supply chain security</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Demystifying supply chain security.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78855" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pr-4 pr-lg-8 border-right pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/security/vulnerability-research/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Vulnerability research</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Updates from the GitHub Security Lab.</p></li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78862" class="col-6 d-block f4 color-fg-default color-border-subtle pl-4 pl-lg-8 pt-2 pt-lg-4"><a href="https://github.blog/security/web-application-security/" class="d-block f4 color-fg-default text-bold">Web application security</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Helpful tips on securing web applications.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="menu-item-78876" class="p-5 py-xl-7 px-xl-8 col-4 color-bg-subtle post-card"><div class="d-block position-relative mb-3 rounded-2 tease-thumbnail overflow-hidden"><img width="800" height="425" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.47.04 AM.png?resize=800%2C425" class="tease-thumbnail__img d-block width-full height-auto aspect-ratio-1032-548 object-fit-cover" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.47.04 AM.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.47.04 AM.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.47.04 AM.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-23-at-8.47.04 AM.png?w=516 516w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></div><a href="https://resources.github.com/security/the-enterprise-guide-to-ai-powered-devsecops/" class="d-block mb-2 f3 lh-condensed color-fg-default text-bold post-card__link">The enterprise guide to AI-powered DevSecOps</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn about core challenges in DevSecOps, and how you can start addressing them with AI and automation.</p><span class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center" role="presentation">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul> </div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<form id="mobile-search" role="search" method="get" class="mobile-search" action="https://github.blog" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Search form">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-1 p-3 color-bg-inset">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-1 position-relative color-bg-transparent" data-color-mode="light" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark" >
|
||
<svg height="20" class="d-flex position-absolute z-3 octicon height-full ml-2 color-fg-subtle" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="20" role="img"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.5 7a4.499 4.499 0 11-8.998 0A4.499 4.499 0 0111.5 7zm-.82 4.74a6 6 0 111.06-1.06l3.04 3.04a.75.75 0 11-1.06 1.06l-3.04-3.04z"></path></svg>
|
||
<input aria-label="Search the blog" type="search" class="pl-6 search-field form-control p-2 flex-1" placeholder="Search the blog…" value="" name="s" id="search-input">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<button class="Button Button--size-medium Button--secondary ml-2"
|
||
type="submit" >
|
||
<span class="Button__text">
|
||
<span class="Text Text--200 Text--antialiased Text--weight-semibold Button--label Button--label-medium Button--label-secondary">
|
||
Search </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
<nav id="mobile-menu" class="mobile-menu position-relative overflow-y-auto flex-1 width-full rounded-top-3" aria-label="Navigation menu" aria-hidden="true" data-color-mode="light" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark_dimmed">
|
||
<div class="p-5">
|
||
<h2 class="mb-5 text-bold color-fg-subtle">Categories</h2>
|
||
<ul id="menu-new-primary-navigation" class="list-style-none"><li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78814-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">AI & ML<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul aria-hidden="true" aria-label="AI & ML sub-menu" class="dropdown overflow-y-auto position-absolute top-0 left-0 right-0 bottom-0 flex-wrap p-5 list-style-none rounded-3 z-3 color-bg-default color-border-subtle" id="primary-mobile-78814-dropdown">
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><div class="mb-4"><button type="button" class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-4 p-0 border-0 text-semibold color-bg-transparent color-fg-subtle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78814-dropdown" aria-expanded="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-left mr-1"><path d="M9.78 12.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L6.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06Z"></path></svg>Back</button><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">AI & ML<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-2 mb-0 color-fg-muted">Learn about artificial intelligence and machine learning across the GitHub ecosystem and the wider industry.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="border-top list-style-none">
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/generative-ai/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Generative AI</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to build with generative AI.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/github-copilot/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">GitHub Copilot</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Change how you work with GitHub Copilot.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/llms/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">LLMs</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Everything developers need to know about LLMs.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/machine-learning/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Machine learning</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Machine learning tips, tricks, and best practices.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="d-none"><div class="mb-4"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/generative-ai/how-ai-code-generation-works/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">How AI code generation works</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Explore the capabilities and benefits of AI code generation and how it can improve your developer experience.</p><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/generative-ai/how-ai-code-generation-works/" target="" class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></a></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78819-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Developer skills<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Developer skills sub-menu" class="dropdown overflow-y-auto position-absolute top-0 left-0 right-0 bottom-0 flex-wrap p-5 list-style-none rounded-3 z-3 color-bg-default color-border-subtle" id="primary-mobile-78819-dropdown">
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><div class="mb-4"><button type="button" class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-4 p-0 border-0 text-semibold color-bg-transparent color-fg-subtle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78819-dropdown" aria-expanded="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-left mr-1"><path d="M9.78 12.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L6.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06Z"></path></svg>Back</button><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Developer skills<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-2 mb-0 color-fg-muted">Resources for developers to grow in their skills and careers.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="border-top list-style-none">
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/application-development/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Application development</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Insights and best practices for building apps.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/career-growth/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Career growth</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Tips & tricks to grow as a professional developer.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/github/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">GitHub</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Improve how you use GitHub at work.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/github-education/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">GitHub Education</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to move into your first professional role.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/developer-skills/programming-languages-and-frameworks/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Programming languages & frameworks</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Stay current on what’s new (or new again).</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="d-none"><div class="mb-4"><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/get-started" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Get started with GitHub documentation</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to start building, shipping, and maintaining software with GitHub.</p><a href="https://docs.github.com/en/get-started" target="" class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></a></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78825-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Engineering<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Engineering sub-menu" class="dropdown overflow-y-auto position-absolute top-0 left-0 right-0 bottom-0 flex-wrap p-5 list-style-none rounded-3 z-3 color-bg-default color-border-subtle" id="primary-mobile-78825-dropdown">
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><div class="mb-4"><button type="button" class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-4 p-0 border-0 text-semibold color-bg-transparent color-fg-subtle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78825-dropdown" aria-expanded="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-left mr-1"><path d="M9.78 12.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L6.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06Z"></path></svg>Back</button><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Engineering<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-2 mb-0 color-fg-muted">Get an inside look at how we’re building the home for all developers.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="border-top list-style-none">
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/architecture-optimization/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Architecture & optimization</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Discover how we deliver a performant and highly available experience across the GitHub platform.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/engineering-principles/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Engineering principles</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Explore best practices for building software at scale with a majority remote team.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/infrastructure/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Infrastructure</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Get a glimpse at the technology underlying the world’s leading AI-powered developer platform.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/platform-security/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Platform security</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how we build security into everything we do across the developer lifecycle.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/user-experience/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">User experience</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Find out what goes into making GitHub the home for all developers.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="d-none"><div class="mb-4"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/how-we-use-github-to-be-more-productive-collaborative-and-secure/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">How we use GitHub to be more productive, collaborative, and secure</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Our engineering and security teams do some incredible work. Let’s take a look at how we use GitHub to be more productive, build collaboratively, and shift security left.</p><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/how-we-use-github-to-be-more-productive-collaborative-and-secure/" target="" class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></a></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78832-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Enterprise software<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Enterprise software sub-menu" class="dropdown overflow-y-auto position-absolute top-0 left-0 right-0 bottom-0 flex-wrap p-5 list-style-none rounded-3 z-3 color-bg-default color-border-subtle" id="primary-mobile-78832-dropdown">
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><div class="mb-4"><button type="button" class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-4 p-0 border-0 text-semibold color-bg-transparent color-fg-subtle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78832-dropdown" aria-expanded="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-left mr-1"><path d="M9.78 12.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L6.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06Z"></path></svg>Back</button><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Enterprise software<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-2 mb-0 color-fg-muted">Explore how to write, build, and deploy enterprise software at scale.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="border-top list-style-none">
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/automation/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Automation</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Automating your way to faster and more secure ships.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/ci-cd/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">CI/CD</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Guides on continuous integration and delivery.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/collaboration/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Collaboration</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Tips, tools, and tricks to improve developer collaboration.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/devops/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">DevOps</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">DevOps resources for enterprise engineering teams.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/devsecops/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">DevSecOps</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">How to integrate security into the SDLC.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/enterprise-software/governance-and-compliance/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Governance & compliance</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Ensuring your builds stay clean.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="d-none"><div class="mb-4"><a href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers/gartner-magic-quadrant-and-critical-capabilities-for-ai-code-assistants" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">GitHub recognized as a Leader in the Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for AI Code Assistants</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn why Gartner positioned GitHub as a Leader for the second year in a row.</p><a href="https://github.com/resources/whitepapers/gartner-magic-quadrant-and-critical-capabilities-for-ai-code-assistants" target="" class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></a></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78840-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">News & insights<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul aria-hidden="true" aria-label="News & insights sub-menu" class="dropdown overflow-y-auto position-absolute top-0 left-0 right-0 bottom-0 flex-wrap p-5 list-style-none rounded-3 z-3 color-bg-default color-border-subtle" id="primary-mobile-78840-dropdown">
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><div class="mb-4"><button type="button" class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-4 p-0 border-0 text-semibold color-bg-transparent color-fg-subtle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78840-dropdown" aria-expanded="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-left mr-1"><path d="M9.78 12.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L6.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06Z"></path></svg>Back</button><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">News & insights<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-2 mb-0 color-fg-muted">Keep up with what’s new and notable from inside GitHub.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="border-top list-style-none">
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/company-news/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Company news</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">An inside look at news and product updates from GitHub.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/product-news/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Product</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">The latest on GitHub’s platform, products, and tools.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/octoverse/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Octoverse</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Insights into the state of open source on GitHub.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/policy-news-and-insights/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Policy</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">The latest policy and regulatory changes in software.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/research/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Research</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Data-driven insights around the developer ecosystem.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/the-library/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">The library</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Older news and updates from GitHub.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="d-none"><div class="mb-4"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/llms/unlocking-the-power-of-unstructured-data-with-rag/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Unlocking the power of unstructured data with RAG</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn how to use retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to capture more insights.</p><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/llms/unlocking-the-power-of-unstructured-data-with-rag/" target="" class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></a></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78848-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Open Source<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Open Source sub-menu" class="dropdown overflow-y-auto position-absolute top-0 left-0 right-0 bottom-0 flex-wrap p-5 list-style-none rounded-3 z-3 color-bg-default color-border-subtle" id="primary-mobile-78848-dropdown">
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><div class="mb-4"><button type="button" class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-4 p-0 border-0 text-semibold color-bg-transparent color-fg-subtle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78848-dropdown" aria-expanded="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-left mr-1"><path d="M9.78 12.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L6.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06Z"></path></svg>Back</button><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Open Source<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-2 mb-0 color-fg-muted">Everything open source on GitHub.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="border-top list-style-none">
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/git/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Git</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">The latest Git updates.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/maintainers/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Maintainers</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Spotlighting open source maintainers.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/social-impact/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Social impact</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">How open source is driving positive change.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/open-source/gaming/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Gaming</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Explore open source games on GitHub.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="d-none"><div class="mb-4"><a href="https://resources.github.com/software-development/innersource/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">An introduction to innersource</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Organizations worldwide are incorporating open source methodologies into the way they build and ship their own software.</p><a href="https://resources.github.com/software-development/innersource/" target="" class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></a></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.blog/security/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default js-toggle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78859-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button">Security<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a>
|
||
<ul aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Security sub-menu" class="dropdown overflow-y-auto position-absolute top-0 left-0 right-0 bottom-0 flex-wrap p-5 list-style-none rounded-3 z-3 color-bg-default color-border-subtle" id="primary-mobile-78859-dropdown">
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><div class="mb-4"><button type="button" class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-4 p-0 border-0 text-semibold color-bg-transparent color-fg-subtle" aria-controls="primary-mobile-78859-dropdown" aria-expanded="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-left mr-1"><path d="M9.78 12.78a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L4.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l4.25-4.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L6.06 8l3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06Z"></path></svg>Back</button><a href="https://github.blog/security/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Security<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right ml-1" role="presentation"><path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg></a><p class="mt-2 mb-0 color-fg-muted">Stay up to date on everything security.</p></div>
|
||
<ul class="border-top list-style-none">
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/security/application-security/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Application security</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Application security, explained.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/security/supply-chain-security/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Supply chain security</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Demystifying supply chain security.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/security/vulnerability-research/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Vulnerability research</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Updates from the GitHub Security Lab.</p></li>
|
||
<li class="mt-4"><a href="https://github.blog/security/web-application-security/" class="text-bold lh-condensed-ultra color-fg-default">Web application security</a><p class="mb-0 f5 color-fg-muted">Helpful tips on securing web applications.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="d-none"><div class="mb-4"><a href="https://resources.github.com/security/the-enterprise-guide-to-ai-powered-devsecops/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-start lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">The enterprise guide to AI-powered DevSecOps</a><p class="mb-3 f5 color-fg-muted">Learn about core challenges in DevSecOps, and how you can start addressing them with AI and automation.</p><a href="https://resources.github.com/security/the-enterprise-guide-to-ai-powered-devsecops/" target="" class="Link d-inline-flex flex-items-center">Learn more<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon d-block ml-1" viewBox="0 0 12 12" width="12" height="12"><path d="M4.7 10c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1L6.9 6 4.2 3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0l3.3 3.2c.3.3.3.8 0 1.1L5.3 9.7c-.2.2-.4.3-.6.3Z"></path></svg></a></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul> <ul id="menu-secondary-navigation" class="pt-5 border-top list-style-none"><li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.blog/changelog/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Changelog</a></li>
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><a href="https://docs.github.com/" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Docs<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-link-external d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li>
|
||
<li class="mb-5"><a href="https://github.com/customer-stories" class="d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between lh-condensed-ultra text-bold color-fg-default">Customer stories<svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-link-external d-block color-fg-subtle" role="presentation"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li>
|
||
</ul> <a class="Button Button--size-medium Button--secondary Button--block my-3"
|
||
href="https://githubuniverse.com/?utm_source=Blog-button&utm_medium=GitHub&utm_campaign=blog_button_seb_uni_26" target="_blank" data-analytics-click="Blog, click on button, text: Attend Universe; ref_location:top nav;" >
|
||
<span class="Button__text">
|
||
<span class="Text Text--200 Text--antialiased Text--weight-semibold Button--label Button--label-medium Button--label-secondary">
|
||
Attend GitHub Universe </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a class="Button Button--size-medium Button--primary Button--block"
|
||
href="https://github.com/features/ai/github-app?utm_source=blog-header-button-cta&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=github-app-cli-Q1-push" target="_blank" data-analytics-click="Blog, click on button, text: Use Copilot for free; ref_location:top nav;" >
|
||
<span class="Button__text">
|
||
<span class="Text Text--200 Text--antialiased Text--weight-semibold Button--label Button--label-medium Button--label-primary">
|
||
Try GitHub Copilot app </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button class="mobile-nav-focus-trap js-mobile-nav-focus-trap" data-target="#mobile-menu-toggle" data-focus-order="target"></button>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</header>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<main id="start-of-content">
|
||
<header class="position-relative" data-color-mode="dark" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark_dimmed">
|
||
<div class="container-xl p-responsive-blog">
|
||
<div class="gutter-spacious">
|
||
<div class="col-12 offset-lg-1 col-lg-10 col-xl-8 py-5 py-md-6 ">
|
||
<div class="f5 mb-5 mb-md-8"><span><span><a class="Link--primary" href="https://github.blog/">Home</a></span> <span class="mx-2 opacity-5">/</span> <span><a class="Link--primary" href="https://github.blog/engineering/">Engineering</a></span> <span class="mx-2 opacity-5">/</span> <span><a class="Link--primary" href="https://github.blog/engineering/architecture-optimization/">Architecture & optimization</a></span></span></div> <h1 class="h3-mktg lh-condensed mb-3 color-fg-default">Breaking down CPU speed: How utilization impacts performance</h1> <div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted">
|
||
<p>The Performance Engineering team at GitHub assessed how CPU performance degrades as utilization increases and how this relates to capacity.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="offset-lg-1 col-lg-10">
|
||
<div class="position-relative overflow-hidden rounded-2 z-1">
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" width="1032" height="548" class=" d-block width-full height-auto" role="presentation"></svg>
|
||
<img width="1200" height="630" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?resize=1200%2C630" class="d-block cover-image wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?w=1200 1200w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Productivity-DarkMode-3.png?w=1024 1024w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /> </div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="position-absolute bottom-0 width-full" style="background:#fff; height:80px;"></div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<section class="container-xl mx-auto p-responsive-blog mt-4">
|
||
<div class="gutter-spacious">
|
||
<div class="col-12 offset-lg-1 col-lg-10">
|
||
<div class="d-lg-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center">
|
||
<div class="mb-4 mb-lg-0">
|
||
<div class="mb-1">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-6px">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<span class="text-bold">
|
||
<a href="https://github.blog/author/astrikos/" title="Posts by Andreas Strikos" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Andreas Strikos</a><span class="mx-2">·</span><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/astrikos" class="Link--primary" aria-label="GitHub profile of astrikos">@astrikos</a> </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div data-color-mode="auto" data-light-theme="light_tritanopia" class="d-flex flex-column flex-md-row text-mono color-fg-muted">
|
||
<time datetime="2024-11-25" class="d-block">
|
||
November 25, 2024 </time>
|
||
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-items-center mt-2 mt-md-0">
|
||
<span class="d-none d-md-block mx-3">|</span>
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="mr-2">
|
||
<path fill="currentcolor" d="M8 0a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 8 0ZM1.5 8a6.5 6.5 0 1 0 13 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 0-13 0Zm7-3.25v2.992l2.028.812a.75.75 0 0 1-.557 1.392l-2.5-1A.751.751 0 0 1 7 8.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
9 minutes </div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-items-center">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<span class="text-semibold">
|
||
Share: </span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ml-3">
|
||
<a href="https://x.com/share?text=Breaking%20down%20CPU%20speed%3A%20How%20utilization%20impacts%20performance&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.blog%2Fengineering%2Farchitecture-optimization%2Fbreaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center border circle px-2 py-2" aria-label="Share on X">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" width="10" height="10">
|
||
<path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="currentColor" />
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ml-3">
|
||
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?t=Breaking%20down%20CPU%20speed%3A%20How%20utilization%20impacts%20performance&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.blog%2Fengineering%2Farchitecture-optimization%2Fbreaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center border circle px-2 py-2" aria-label="Share on Facebook">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 15.3 15.4" width="10" height="10">
|
||
<path d="M14.5 0H.8a.88.88 0 0 0-.8.9v13.6a.88.88 0 0 0 .8.9h7.3v-6h-2V7.1h2V5.4a2.87 2.87 0 0 1 2.5-3.1h.5a10.87 10.87 0 0 1 1.8.1v2.1h-1.3c-1 0-1.1.5-1.1 1.1v1.5h2.3l-.3 2.3h-2v5.9h3.9a.88.88 0 0 0 .9-.8V.8a.86.86 0 0 0-.8-.8z" fill="currentColor" />
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="ml-3">
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?title=Breaking%20down%20CPU%20speed%3A%20How%20utilization%20impacts%20performance&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.blog%2Fengineering%2Farchitecture-optimization%2Fbreaking-down-cpu-speed-how-utilization-impacts-performance%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center border circle px-2 py-2" aria-label="Share on LinkedIn">
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19 18" width="10" height="10">
|
||
<path d="M3.94 2A2 2 0 1 1 2 0a2 2 0 0 1 1.94 2zM4 5.48H0V18h4zm6.32 0H6.34V18h3.94v-6.57c0-3.66 4.77-4 4.77 0V18H19v-7.93c0-6.17-7.06-5.94-8.72-2.91z" fill="currentColor" />
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="indigo-separator mt-4"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<div class="container-xl mx-auto p-responsive-blog mt-4 mt-md-7 mb-7 mb-md-9">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap flex-justify-center gutter-spacious">
|
||
<section class="col-12 col-md-8 col-lg-7 post__content is-layout-constrained post-81409 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-architecture-optimization category-engineering tag-performance-engineering">
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
|
||
<html><body><h2 id="introduction-%e2%9b%b5" id="introduction-%e2%9b%b5" ><a class="heading-link" href="#introduction-%e2%9b%b5">Introduction ⛵<span class="heading-hash pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2>
|
||
<p>The GitHub Performance Engineering team regularly conducts experiments to observe how our systems perform under varying load conditions. A consistent pattern in these experiments is the significant impact of CPU utilization on system performance. We’ve observed that as CPU utilization rises, it can lead to increased latency, which provides an opportunity to optimize system efficiency. Addressing this challenge allows us to maintain performance levels while reducing the need for additional machines, ultimately preventing inefficiencies.</p>
|
||
<p>Although we recognized the correlation between higher CPU utilization and increased latency, we saw an opportunity to explore the specific thresholds and impacts at various stages in greater detail. With a diverse set of instance types powered by different CPU families, we focused on understanding the unique performance characteristics of each CPU model. This deeper insight empowered us to make smarter, data-driven decisions, enabling us to provision our infrastructure with greater efficiency and confidence.</p>
|
||
<p>With these goals in mind, we embarked on a new journey of exploration and experimentation to uncover these insights.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="experiment-setup-%f0%9f%a7%b0" id="experiment-setup-%f0%9f%a7%b0" ><a class="heading-link" href="#experiment-setup-%f0%9f%a7%b0">Experiment setup 🧰<span class="heading-hash pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2>
|
||
<p>Collecting accurate data for this type of experiment was no easy feat. We needed to gather data from workloads that were as close to our production as possible, while also capturing how the system behaves under different phases of load. Since CPU usage patterns vary across workloads, we focused primarily on our flagship workloads. However, increasing the load could introduce small performance discrepancies, so our goal was to minimize disruption for our users.</p>
|
||
<p>Fortunately, a year ago, the Performance Engineering team developed an environment designed to meet these requirements, codenamed Large Unicorn Collider (LUC). This environment operates within a small portion of our Kubernetes clusters, mirroring the same architecture and configuration as our flagship workloads. It also has the flexibility to be hosted on dedicated machines, preventing interference from or with other workloads. Typically, the LUC environment remains idle, but when needed, we can direct a small, adjustable amount of traffic towards it. Activating or deactivating this traffic takes only seconds, allowing us to react quickly if performance concerns arise.</p>
|
||
<p>To accurately assess the impact of CPU utilization, we first established a baseline by sending moderate production traffic to a LUC Kubernetes pod hosted on one of its dedicated machines. This provided us with a benchmark for comparison. Importantly, the number of requests handled by the LUC pods remained constant throughout the experiment, ensuring consistent CPU load over time.</p>
|
||
<p>Once the baseline was set, we gradually increased CPU utilization using a tool called “<a href="https://linux.die.net/man/1/stress">stress</a>,” which artificially occupies a specified number of CPU cores by running random processing tasks. Each instance type has a different number of CPU cores, so we adjusted the steps accordingly. However, the common factor across all instances was the total CPU utilization.</p>
|
||
<p><em>Note: It’s important to recognize that this is not a direct 1:1 comparison to the load generated by actual production workloads. The stress tool continuously runs mathematical operations, while our production workloads involve I/O operations and interrupts, which place different demands on system resources. Nevertheless, this approach still offers valuable insights into how our CPUs perform under load.</em></p>
|
||
<p>With the environment set up and our plan in place, we proceeded to collect as much data as possible to analyze the impact.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="results-%f0%9f%93%83" id="results-%f0%9f%93%83" ><a class="heading-link" href="#results-%f0%9f%93%83">Results 📃<span class="heading-hash pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2>
|
||
<p>With our experiment setup finalized, let’s examine the data we gathered. As previously mentioned, we repeated the process across different instance types. Each instance type showed unique behavior and varying thresholds where performance started to decline.</p>
|
||
<p>As anticipated, CPU time increased for all instance types as CPU utilization rose. The graph below illustrates the CPU time per request as CPU utilization increases.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_81410" class="wp-caption aligncenter mx-0"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="1600" height="969" loading="lazy" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPI-time-vs-CPU-otpimization.png?w=1024&resize=1600%2C969" alt="CPU time per request vs CPU utilization" class="width-fit size-large wp-image-81410 width-fit" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPI-time-vs-CPU-otpimization.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPI-time-vs-CPU-otpimization.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPI-time-vs-CPU-otpimization.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPI-time-vs-CPU-otpimization.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPI-time-vs-CPU-otpimization.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="text-mono color-fg-muted mt-14px f5-mktg">CPU time per request vs CPU utilization</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>The latency differences between instance types are expected due to the variations in CPU models. Focusing on the percentage increase in latency may provide more meaningful insights.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_81411" class="wp-caption aligncenter mx-0"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="1600" height="976" loading="lazy" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase.png?w=1024&resize=1600%2C976" alt="Latency percentage increase vs CPU utilization" class="width-fit size-large wp-image-81411 width-fit" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="text-mono color-fg-muted mt-14px f5-mktg">Latency percentage increase vs CPU utilization</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>In both graphs, one line stands out by deviating more than the others. We’ll examine this case in detail shortly.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="turbo-boost-effect" id="turbo-boost-effect" ><a class="heading-link" href="#turbo-boost-effect">Turbo Boost effect<span class="heading-hash pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h3>
|
||
<p>An interesting observation is how CPU frequency changes as utilization increases, which can be attributed to Intel’s Turbo Boost Technology. Since all the instances we used are equipped with Intel CPUs, the impact of Turbo Boost is noticeable across all of them. In the graph below, you can see how the CPU frequency decreases as the CPU utilization increases. The red arrows are showing the CPU utilization level.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_81412" class="wp-caption aligncenter mx-0"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="1600" height="647" loading="lazy" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/instance-CPU-frequency.png?w=1024&resize=1600%2C647" alt="CPU Cores Frequency " class="width-fit size-large wp-image-81412 width-fit" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/instance-CPU-frequency.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/instance-CPU-frequency.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/instance-CPU-frequency.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/instance-CPU-frequency.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/instance-CPU-frequency.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="text-mono color-fg-muted mt-14px f5-mktg">CPU Cores Frequency</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>When CPU utilization remains at lower levels (around 30% or below), we benefit from increased core frequencies, leading to faster CPU times and, consequently, lower overall latency. However, as the demand for more CPU cores rises and utilization increases, we are likely to reach the CPU’s thermal and power limits, causing frequencies to decrease. In essence, lower CPU utilization results in better performance, while higher utilization leads to a decline in performance. For instance, a workload running on a specific node with approximately 30% CPU utilization will report faster response times compared to the same workload on the same VM when CPU utilization exceeds 50%.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="hyper-threading" id="hyper-threading" ><a class="heading-link" href="#hyper-threading">Hyper-Threading<span class="heading-hash pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h3>
|
||
<p>Variations in CPU frequency are not the only factors influencing performance changes. All our nodes have Hyper-Threading enabled, an Intel technology that allows a single physical CPU core to operate as two virtual cores. Although there is only one physical core, the Linux kernel recognizes it as two virtual CPU cores. The kernel attempts to distribute the CPU load across these cores, aiming to keep only one hardware thread (virtual core) busy per physical core. This approach is effective until we reach a certain level of CPU utilization. Beyond this threshold, we cannot fully utilize both virtual CPU cores, resulting in reduced performance compared to normal operation.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="finding-the-golden-ratio-of-cpu-utilization" id="finding-the-golden-ratio-of-cpu-utilization" ><a class="heading-link" href="#finding-the-golden-ratio-of-cpu-utilization">Finding the “Golden Ratio” of CPU utilization<span class="heading-hash pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h3>
|
||
<p>Underutilized nodes lead to wasted resources, power, and space in our data centers, while nodes that are excessively utilized also create inefficiencies. As noted, higher CPU utilization results in decreased performance, which can give a misleading impression that additional resources are necessary, resulting in a cycle of over-provisioning. This issue is particularly pronounced with blocking workloads that do not follow an asynchronous model. As CPU performance deteriorates, each process can manage fewer tasks per second, making existing capacity inadequate. To achieve the optimal balance—the “Golden Ratio” of CPU utilization—we must identify a threshold where CPU utilization is sufficiently high to ensure efficiency without significantly impairing performance. Striving to keep our nodes near this threshold will enable us to utilize our current hardware more effectively alongside our existing software.</p>
|
||
<p>Since we already have experimental data demonstrating how CPU time increases with rising utilization, we can develop a mathematical model to identify this threshold. First, we need to determine what percentage of CPU time degradation is acceptable for our specific use case. This may depend on user expectations or performance Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Once we establish this threshold, it will help us select a level of CPU utilization that remains within acceptable limits.</p>
|
||
<p>We can plot the CPU utilization vs. CPU time (latency) and find the point where:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>CPU utilization is high enough to avoid resource underutilization.</li>
|
||
<li>CPU time degradation does not exceed your acceptable limit.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>A specific example derived from the data above can be illustrated in the following graph.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_81413" class="wp-caption aligncenter mx-0"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="1600" height="1127" loading="lazy" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-2.png?w=1024&resize=1600%2C1127" alt="Percentage Increase in P50 Latency vs CPU Utilization" class="width-fit size-large wp-image-81413 width-fit" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-2.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-2.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-2.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-2.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-2.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="text-mono color-fg-muted mt-14px f5-mktg">Percentage Increase in P50 Latency vs CPU Utilization</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>In this example, we aim to achieve less than 40% CPU time degradation, which would correspond to a CPU utilization of 61% on the specific instance.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="outlier-case" id="outlier-case" ><a class="heading-link" href="#outlier-case">Outlier case<span class="heading-hash pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h3>
|
||
<p>As previously mentioned, there was a specific instance that displayed some outlying data points. Our experiment confirmed an already recognized issue where certain instances were not achieving their advertised maximum Turbo Boost CPU frequency. Instead, we observed steady CPU frequencies that fell below the maximum advertised value under low CPU utilization. In the example below, you can see an instance from a CPU family that advertises Turbo Boost frequencies above 3 GHz, but it is only reporting a maximum CPU frequency of 2.8 GHz.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_81414" class="wp-caption aligncenter mx-0"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="1600" height="588" loading="lazy" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CPU-cores-frequency.png?w=1024&resize=1600%2C588" alt="CPU cores frequency" class="width-fit size-large wp-image-81414 width-fit" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CPU-cores-frequency.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CPU-cores-frequency.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CPU-cores-frequency.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CPU-cores-frequency.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CPU-cores-frequency.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="text-mono color-fg-muted mt-14px f5-mktg">CPU cores frequency</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>This issue turned out to be caused by a disabled CPU C-state, which prevented the CPU cores from halting even when they were not in use. As a result, these cores were perceived as “busy” by the turbo driver, limiting our ability to take advantage of Turbo Boost benefits with higher CPU frequencies. By enabling the C-state and allowing for optimization and power reduction during idle mode, we observed the expected Turbo Boost behavior. This change had an immediate impact on the CPU time spent by our test workloads. The images below illustrate the prompt changes in CPU frequencies and latency reported following the C-state adjustment.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_81415" class="wp-caption aligncenter mx-0"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="1600" height="617" loading="lazy" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cpu-cores-frequency-21.png?w=1024&resize=1600%2C617" alt="CPU cores frequency" class="width-fit size-large wp-image-81415 width-fit" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cpu-cores-frequency-21.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cpu-cores-frequency-21.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cpu-cores-frequency-21.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cpu-cores-frequency-21.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cpu-cores-frequency-21.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="text-mono color-fg-muted mt-14px f5-mktg">CPU cores frequency</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_81416" class="wp-caption aligncenter mx-0"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="1600" height="770" loading="lazy" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPU-time.png?w=1024&resize=1600%2C770" alt="P50 CPU time on a request" class="width-fit size-large wp-image-81416 width-fit" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPU-time.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPU-time.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPU-time.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPU-time.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/p50-CPU-time.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="text-mono color-fg-muted mt-14px f5-mktg">P50 CPU time on a request</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>Upon re-evaluating the percentage change in CPU time, we now observe similar behavior across all instances.</p>
|
||
<figure id="attachment_81417" class="wp-caption aligncenter mx-0"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="1600" height="974" loading="lazy" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-3.png?w=1024&resize=1600%2C974" alt="Percentage Increase in P50 Latency vs CPU Utilization " class="width-fit size-large wp-image-81417 width-fit" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-3.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-3.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-3.png?w=768 768w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-3.png?w=1024 1024w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/percent-increase-3.png?w=1536 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><figcaption class="text-mono color-fg-muted mt-14px f5-mktg">Percentage Increase in P50 Latency vs CPU Utilization</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<h2 id="wrap-up" id="wrap-up" ><a class="heading-link" href="#wrap-up">Wrap-up<span class="heading-hash pl-2 text-italic text-bold" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></h2>
|
||
<p>As we anticipated many of these insights, our objective was to validate our theories using data from our complex system. While we confirmed that performance lowers as CPU utilization increases across different CPU families, by identifying optimal CPU utilization thresholds, we can achieve a better balance between performance and efficiency, ensuring that our infrastructure remains both cost-effective and high performing. Going forward, these insights will inform us of our resource provisioning strategies and help us maximize the effectiveness of our hardware investments.</p>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<p>Thank you for sticking with us until the end!! A special shout-out to <code>@adrmike</code>, <code>@schlubbi</code>, <code>@terrorobe</code>, the <code>@github/compute-platform</code> and finally the <code>@github/performance-engineering</code> team for their invaluable assistance throughout these experiments, data analysis, and for reviewing the content for accuracy and consistency. ❤️</p>
|
||
</body></html>
|
||
|
||
<section class="my-6 my-md-8 mt-md-0">
|
||
<hr class="post-tags-separator border-0 mt-0 mb-2" />
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-shrink-0 flex-items-start">
|
||
<h2 class="text-mono f4-mktg py-1 mr-3 flex-shrink-0">Tags:</h2>
|
||
<ul class="d-flex flex-wrap px-0 my-0 list-style-none post-tags">
|
||
<li class="my-0">
|
||
<a href="https://github.blog/tag/performance-engineering/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag">
|
||
performance engineering </a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<div class="mt-8 mb-8 mb-md-0">
|
||
<h2 class="h5-mktg">
|
||
Written by </h2>
|
||
<div class="gradient-separator mt-3 mb-4"></div>
|
||
<article class="author-bio mb-5 mb-md-4">
|
||
<div class="author-bio__content">
|
||
<div class="author-bio__avatar">
|
||
<picture>
|
||
<source srcset="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1355590?v=4&s=200" width="120" height="120" media="(min-width: 768px)" />
|
||
<img class="d-block circle" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1355590?v=4&s=200" alt="Andreas Strikos" width="80" height="80" loading="lazy" decoding="async" >
|
||
</picture>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<header class="author-bio__header">
|
||
<h3 class="f3-mktg text-bold mb-1">
|
||
<a href="https://github.blog/author/astrikos/" class="Link--primary color-fg-default">Andreas Strikos</a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p class="mb-0 f4 lh-condensed">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/astrikos" target="_blank">@astrikos</a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="author-bio__bio f4 lh-default">
|
||
<p>Andreas Strikos is a Senior Software Engineer at GitHub working on the Performance Engineering team.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<aside id="sidebar" class="col-12 col-md-4 col-lg-3 post__sidebar" aria-label="Sidebar">
|
||
|
||
<section aria-label="Tags">
|
||
<ul class="d-none d-md-flex flex-items-start flex-wrap list-style-none mt-4 mt-md-0 mb-6 mb-md-8 post-tags">
|
||
<li class="my-0">
|
||
<a href="https://github.blog/tag/performance-engineering/" class="d-block border py-2 px-3 f5 lh-condensed-ultra text-semibold Link--primary" rel="tag">
|
||
performance engineering </a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<div class="position-sticky top-md-scroll">
|
||
<div class="d-none d-md-block">
|
||
<nav aria-labelledby="table-of-contents-title" class="mb-8 table-of-contents">
|
||
<h2 id="table-of-contents-title" class="h5-mktg aside-heading pb-3 border-bottom color-border-muted mb-3">Table of Contents</h2>
|
||
<ul class="list-style-none table-of-contents">
|
||
<li class="position-relative mt-2">
|
||
<a class="d-block f5-mktg text-semibold Link--primary px-3 py-2 rounded-3" href="#introduction-%e2%9b%b5">
|
||
<div class="mb-2px">Introduction ⛵</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="position-relative mt-2">
|
||
<a class="d-block f5-mktg text-semibold Link--primary px-3 py-2 rounded-3" href="#experiment-setup-%f0%9f%a7%b0">
|
||
<div class="mb-2px">Experiment setup 🧰</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="position-relative mt-2">
|
||
<a class="d-block f5-mktg text-semibold Link--primary px-3 py-2 rounded-3" href="#results-%f0%9f%93%83">
|
||
<div class="mb-2px">Results 📃</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="position-relative mt-2">
|
||
<a class="d-block f5-mktg text-semibold Link--primary px-3 py-2 rounded-3" href="#wrap-up">
|
||
<div class="mb-2px">Wrap-up</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<section aria-labelledby="performance-engineering-related-posts-title" class="mb-7 mb-md-8 mt-7 mt-md-0"><h2 class="h5-mktg aside-heading pb-3 border-bottom color-fg-muted color-border-muted" id="performance-engineering-related-posts-title">More on <a href="https://github.blog/tag/performance-engineering/" class="Link--primary">performance engineering</a></h2><article class="py-4 d-flex flex-column"><div class="col-12 tease-text"><h3 class="h6-mktg mb-12px"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/architecture-optimization/the-uphill-climb-of-making-diff-lines-performant/" class="Link--primary">The uphill climb of making diff lines performant</a></h3><div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted"><p>The path to better performance is often found in simplicity.</p>
|
||
</div><div class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-6px">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<span class="text-bold">
|
||
<a href="https://github.blog/author/lukeghenco/" title="Posts by Luke Ghenco" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Luke Ghenco</a> & <a href="https://github.blog/author/adamshwert/" title="Posts by Adam Shwert" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Adam Shwert</a> </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></article></section> </div>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<section class="container-xl p-responsive-blog mx-auto mt-12 mb-8">
|
||
<h2 class="h5-mktg mb-4 mb-lg-7 pb-3 border-bottom color-border-subtle">
|
||
Related posts </h2>
|
||
<div class="post-columns post-columns--3-3">
|
||
<article class="color-border-muted post-card">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-column">
|
||
<div class="d-block col-12 position-relative rounded-2 mb-3 overflow-hidden tease-thumbnail" target="_self">
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" width="1032" height="548" class="width-full height-auto d-block" role="presentation"></svg>
|
||
<img width="400" height="212" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-github-copilot-commit-logo.png?resize=400%2C212" class="d-block cover-image tease-thumbnail__img wp-post-image" alt="Copilot hovering above a mosaic of green squares in a decorative scene." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-github-copilot-commit-logo.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-github-copilot-commit-logo.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-github-copilot-commit-logo.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-github-copilot-commit-logo.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-github-copilot-commit-logo.png?w=516 516w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-github-copilot-commit-logo.png?zoom=3&resize=400%2C212 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /> </div>
|
||
<div class="mb-1"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/" class="first-post-category f5-mktg text-gradient-purple-coral text-bold pb-1 position-relative z-2">AI & ML</a></div> <div class="">
|
||
<h3 class="h6-mktg mb-2">
|
||
<a class="Link--primary post-card__link" href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/github-copilot/how-we-make-ai-coding-more-cost-efficient-without-sacrificing-task-quality/" target="_self">
|
||
How we make AI coding more cost efficient without sacrificing task quality </a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted">
|
||
<p>Why shorter outputs can cost more, and how GitHub Copilot reduces wasted work across the complete coding task.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<footer>
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-6px">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<span class="text-bold">
|
||
<a href="https://github.blog/author/erikkrogh/" title="Posts by Erik Kristensen" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Erik Kristensen</a> & <a href="https://github.blog/author/napalys/" title="Posts by Napalys Klicius" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Napalys Klicius</a> </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article class="color-border-muted post-card">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-column">
|
||
<div class="d-block col-12 position-relative rounded-2 mb-3 overflow-hidden tease-thumbnail" target="_self">
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" width="1032" height="548" class="width-full height-auto d-block" role="presentation"></svg>
|
||
<img width="400" height="212" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/header-1.png?resize=400%2C212" class="d-block cover-image tease-thumbnail__img wp-post-image" alt="Humorous header image with 'alt=IMG_2847.png' written across the top, and Mona's head looking up at a cube next to a GitHub logo on the bottom." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/header-1.png?w=300 300w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/header-1.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/header-1.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/header-1.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/header-1.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/header-1.png?w=516 516w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/header-1.png?zoom=3&resize=400%2C212 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /> </div>
|
||
<div class="mb-1"><a href="https://github.blog/engineering/" class="first-post-category f5-mktg text-gradient-purple-coral text-bold pb-1 position-relative z-2">Engineering</a></div> <div class="">
|
||
<h3 class="h6-mktg mb-2">
|
||
<a class="Link--primary post-card__link" href="https://github.blog/engineering/user-experience/your-alt-text-passes-automated-checks-that-doesnt-mean-its-any-good/" target="_self">
|
||
Your alt text passes automated checks. That doesn’t mean it’s any good. </a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted">
|
||
<p>We built a plugin for the GitHub Accessibility Scanner to make sure your alt text is actually accessible. Here’s how it works.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<footer>
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-6px">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<span class="text-bold">
|
||
<a href="https://github.blog/author/taarikashenafi/" title="Posts by Taarik Ashenafi" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Taarik Ashenafi</a> & <a href="https://github.blog/author/kzhou314/" title="Posts by Keenan Zhou" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Keenan Zhou</a> </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article class="color-border-muted post-card">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-column">
|
||
<div class="d-block col-12 position-relative rounded-2 mb-3 overflow-hidden tease-thumbnail" target="_self">
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" width="1032" height="548" class="width-full height-auto d-block" role="presentation"></svg>
|
||
<img width="400" height="212" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-copilot-flying-invertocat-logo-github.png?resize=400%2C212" class="d-block cover-image tease-thumbnail__img wp-post-image" alt="Copilot hovering above geometric blocks featuring the GitHub invertocat logo in a decorative scene." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-copilot-flying-invertocat-logo-github.png?w=1600 1600w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-copilot-flying-invertocat-logo-github.png?w=800 800w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-copilot-flying-invertocat-logo-github.png?w=400 400w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-copilot-flying-invertocat-logo-github.png?w=1032 1032w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-copilot-flying-invertocat-logo-github.png?w=516 516w, https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/generic-copilot-flying-invertocat-logo-github.png?zoom=3&resize=400%2C212 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /> </div>
|
||
<div class="mb-1"><a href="https://github.blog/ai-and-ml/" class="first-post-category f5-mktg text-gradient-purple-coral text-bold pb-1 position-relative z-2">AI & ML</a></div> <div class="">
|
||
<h3 class="h6-mktg mb-2">
|
||
<a class="Link--primary post-card__link" href="https://github.blog/engineering/using-the-github-copilot-sdk-for-java/" target="_self">
|
||
Using the GitHub Copilot SDK for Java </a>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="f4-mktg color-fg-muted">
|
||
<p>Enterprise Java developers have a new superpower—drive GitHub Copilot from idiomatic Java code with annotations, virtual threads, and more.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<footer>
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-items-center mb-6px">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<span class="text-bold">
|
||
<a href="https://github.blog/author/edburns/" title="Posts by Edward Burns" class="author url fn Link--primary no-wrap position-relative z-2" rel="author">Edward Burns</a> </span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<aside class="container-xl p-responsive-blog mx-auto mb-12">
|
||
<h2 class="h5-mktg border-bottom pb-3">
|
||
Explore more from GitHub </h2>
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap ml-md-n4">
|
||
<div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3 d-flex mt-4 mt-lg-6 pl-md-4">
|
||
<div class="rounded-3 color-bg-subtle d-flex flex-column flex-items-start width-full p-5 f4-mktg color-fg-muted">
|
||
<img src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Icon-Circle.svg" width="44" height="44" class="width-auto d-block mb-3" alt="Docs"/> <h3 class="f3-mktg text-bold color-fg-default mb-3">
|
||
Docs </h3>
|
||
<div class="mb-auto">
|
||
<p>Everything you need to master GitHub, all in one place.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="mt-7">
|
||
<a data-analytics-click="Blog, click on module, text: Go to Docs; ref_location:bottom recirculation;" href="https://docs.github.com/" class="text-semibold arrow-target-mktg Link--primary" target="_blank" aria-label="Go to Docs">
|
||
Go to Docs <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-link-external ml-1"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.604 1h4.146a.25.25 0 01.25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0110.604 1zM3.75 2A1.75 1.75 0 002 3.75v8.5c0 .966.784 1.75 1.75 1.75h8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0014 12.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v3.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h3.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.5z"></path></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3 d-flex mt-4 mt-lg-6 pl-md-4">
|
||
<div class="rounded-3 color-bg-subtle d-flex flex-column flex-items-start width-full p-5 f4-mktg color-fg-muted">
|
||
<img src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/recirculation-github-icon.svg" width="44" height="44" class="width-auto d-block mb-3" alt="GitHub"/> <h3 class="f3-mktg text-bold color-fg-default mb-3">
|
||
GitHub </h3>
|
||
<div class="mb-auto">
|
||
<p>Build what’s next on GitHub, the place for anyone from anywhere to build anything.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="mt-7">
|
||
<a data-analytics-click="Blog, click on module, text: Start building; ref_location:bottom recirculation;" href="https://github.com/" class="text-semibold arrow-target-mktg Link--primary" target="_blank" aria-label="Start building">
|
||
Start building <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-link-external ml-1"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.604 1h4.146a.25.25 0 01.25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0110.604 1zM3.75 2A1.75 1.75 0 002 3.75v8.5c0 .966.784 1.75 1.75 1.75h8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0014 12.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v3.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h3.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.5z"></path></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3 d-flex mt-4 mt-lg-6 pl-md-4">
|
||
<div class="rounded-3 color-bg-subtle d-flex flex-column flex-items-start width-full p-5 f4-mktg color-fg-muted">
|
||
<img src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Icon_da43dc.svg" width="44" height="44" class="width-auto d-block mb-3" alt="Customer stories"/> <h3 class="f3-mktg text-bold color-fg-default mb-3">
|
||
Customer stories </h3>
|
||
<div class="mb-auto">
|
||
<p>Meet the companies and engineering teams that build with GitHub.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="mt-7">
|
||
<a data-analytics-click="Blog, click on module, text: Learn more; ref_location:bottom recirculation;" href="https://github.com/customer-stories" class="text-semibold arrow-target-mktg Link--primary" target="_blank" aria-label="Learn more">
|
||
Learn more <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-link-external ml-1"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.604 1h4.146a.25.25 0 01.25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0110.604 1zM3.75 2A1.75 1.75 0 002 3.75v8.5c0 .966.784 1.75 1.75 1.75h8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0014 12.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v3.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h3.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.5z"></path></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3 d-flex mt-4 mt-lg-6 pl-md-4">
|
||
<div class="rounded-3 color-bg-subtle d-flex flex-column flex-items-start width-full p-5 f4-mktg color-fg-muted">
|
||
<img src="https://github.blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Icon.svg" width="44" height="44" class="width-auto d-block mb-3" alt="GitHub Universe 2024"/> <h3 class="f3-mktg text-bold color-fg-default mb-3">
|
||
GitHub Universe 2024 </h3>
|
||
<div class="mb-auto">
|
||
<p>Get tickets to the 10th anniversary of our global developer event on AI, DevEx, and security.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="mt-7">
|
||
<a data-analytics-click="Blog, click on module, text: Get tickets; ref_location:bottom recirculation;" href="https://githubuniverse.com/?utm_source=Blog&utm_medium=GitHub&utm_campaign=blog-module" class="text-semibold arrow-target-mktg Link--primary" target="_blank" aria-label="Get tickets">
|
||
Get tickets <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" class="octicon octicon-link-external ml-1"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.604 1h4.146a.25.25 0 01.25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 01-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.75.75 0 01-1.06-1.06l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0110.604 1zM3.75 2A1.75 1.75 0 002 3.75v8.5c0 .966.784 1.75 1.75 1.75h8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0014 12.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 00-1.5 0v3.5a.25.25 0 01-.25.25h-8.5a.25.25 0 01-.25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 01.25-.25h3.5a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.5z"></path></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
<div class="py-6 py-lg-8 color-bg-subtle" data-color-mode="dark" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark">
|
||
<div class="container-xl p-responsive-blog">
|
||
<section id="newsletter" class="newsletter rounded-2">
|
||
<div class="color-bg-subtle rounded-2">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-row flex-wrap gutter-spacious py-5 px-4 py-md-6 px-md-5">
|
||
<div class="newsletter-content col-12 col-lg-6 col-xl-7">
|
||
<h2 class="h4-mktg color-fg-default">We do newsletters, too</h2><p class="f3-mktg color-fg-muted mt-2 mb-3">Discover tips, technical guides, and best practices in our biweekly newsletter just for devs.</p> </div>
|
||
<div class="col-12 col-lg-6 col-xl-5">
|
||
<label for="newsletter_emailAddress" class="">Your email address</label>
|
||
<form method="post" action="https://s88570519.t.eloqua.com/e/f2?elqFormName=copynewsletter-signup-form-637872624660309567&elqSiteID=88570519" class="js-form-validator newsletter-form">
|
||
<div class="newsletter-form d-md-flex flex-row mt-0 mb-3 rounded-2 required form-group">
|
||
<div class="m-0 width-full newsletter-input-container">
|
||
<span aria-hidden="true" class="required-indicator">*</span>
|
||
<label for="newsletter_emailAddress" class="screen-reader-text">Your email address</label>
|
||
<input type="email" required id="newsletter_emailAddress" name="emailAddress" placeholder="Your email address" class="required js-validity-check d-block width-full height-md-full f4-mktg newsletter-field rounded-2" />
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="classification" value="Practitioner">
|
||
<button type="submit" class="js-form-validator-submit newsletter-submit flex-shrink-0 arrow-target-mktg d-none d-md-flex flex-row f3-mktg flex-items-center text-semibold rounded-2">
|
||
<span>Subscribe</span>
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon arrow-symbol-mktg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="octicon-chevrow-stem" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="form-checkbox color-fg-muted f6-mktg m-0 mt-2 form-group">
|
||
<label class="text-normal">
|
||
<input id="optincheckbox" name="marketingEmailOptIn1" type="checkbox" value="True">
|
||
Yes please, I’d like GitHub and affiliates to use my information for personalized communications, targeted advertising and campaign effectiveness. See the <a href="https://github.com/site/privacy" target="blank">GitHub Privacy Statement</a> for more details. </label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button type="submit" class="js-form-validator-submit newsletter-submit flex-shrink-0 arrow-target-mktg mt-3 d-flex d-md-none flex-row f3-mktg flex-items-center text-semibold rounded-2">
|
||
<span>Subscribe</span>
|
||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="octicon arrow-symbol-mktg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none"><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.28033 3.21967C6.98744 2.92678 6.51256 2.92678 6.21967 3.21967C5.92678 3.51256 5.92678 3.98744 6.21967 4.28033L7.28033 3.21967ZM11 8L11.5303 8.53033C11.8232 8.23744 11.8232 7.76256 11.5303 7.46967L11 8ZM6.21967 11.7197C5.92678 12.0126 5.92678 12.4874 6.21967 12.7803C6.51256 13.0732 6.98744 13.0732 7.28033 12.7803L6.21967 11.7197ZM6.21967 4.28033L10.4697 8.53033L11.5303 7.46967L7.28033 3.21967L6.21967 4.28033ZM10.4697 7.46967L6.21967 11.7197L7.28033 12.7803L11.5303 8.53033L10.4697 7.46967Z"></path><path class="octicon-chevrow-stem" stroke="currentColor" d="M1.75 8H11" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</main>
|
||
<div data-color-mode="dark" data-light-theme="light" data-dark-theme="dark">
|
||
<footer class="footer pt-6">
|
||
<h2 class="sr-only">Site-wide Links</h2>
|
||
|
||
<div class="container-xl p-responsive-blog">
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap py-5 mb-5">
|
||
|
||
<div class="col-12 col-lg-4 mb-5">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/" data-ga-click="Resources, go to home, resources footer" class="color-fg-default" aria-label="Go to GitHub homepage">
|
||
<svg height="30" class="octicon octicon-logo-github" viewBox="0 0 45 16" version="1.1" width="84" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M18.53 12.03h-.02c.009 0 .015.01.024.011h.006l-.01-.01zm.004.011c-.093.001-.327.05-.574.05-.78 0-1.05-.36-1.05-.83V8.13h1.59c.09 0 .16-.08.16-.19v-1.7c0-.09-.08-.17-.16-.17h-1.59V3.96c0-.08-.05-.13-.14-.13h-2.16c-.09 0-.14.05-.14.13v2.17s-1.09.27-1.16.28c-.08.02-.13.09-.13.17v1.36c0 .11.08.19.17.19h1.11v3.28c0 2.44 1.7 2.69 2.86 2.69.53 0 1.17-.17 1.27-.22.06-.02.09-.09.09-.16v-1.5a.177.177 0 00-.146-.18zM42.23 9.84c0-1.81-.73-2.05-1.5-1.97-.6.04-1.08.34-1.08.34v3.52s.49.34 1.22.36c1.03.03 1.36-.34 1.36-2.25zm2.43-.16c0 3.43-1.11 4.41-3.05 4.41-1.64 0-2.52-.83-2.52-.83s-.04.46-.09.52c-.03.06-.08.08-.14.08h-1.48c-.1 0-.19-.08-.19-.17l.02-11.11c0-.09.08-.17.17-.17h2.13c.09 0 .17.08.17.17v3.77s.82-.53 2.02-.53l-.01-.02c1.2 0 2.97.45 2.97 3.88zm-8.72-3.61h-2.1c-.11 0-.17.08-.17.19v5.44s-.55.39-1.3.39-.97-.34-.97-1.09V6.25c0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.17h-2.14c-.09 0-.17.08-.17.17v5.11c0 2.2 1.23 2.75 2.92 2.75 1.39 0 2.52-.77 2.52-.77s.05.39.08.45c.02.05.09.09.16.09h1.34c.11 0 .17-.08.17-.17l.02-7.47c0-.09-.08-.17-.19-.17zm-23.7-.01h-2.13c-.09 0-.17.09-.17.2v7.34c0 .2.13.27.3.27h1.92c.2 0 .25-.09.25-.27V6.23c0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.17zm-1.05-3.38c-.77 0-1.38.61-1.38 1.38 0 .77.61 1.38 1.38 1.38.75 0 1.36-.61 1.36-1.38 0-.77-.61-1.38-1.36-1.38zm16.49-.25h-2.11c-.09 0-.17.08-.17.17v4.09h-3.31V2.6c0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.17h-2.13c-.09 0-.17.08-.17.17v11.11c0 .09.09.17.17.17h2.13c.09 0 .17-.08.17-.17V8.96h3.31l-.02 4.75c0 .09.08.17.17.17h2.13c.09 0 .17-.08.17-.17V2.6c0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.17zM8.81 7.35v5.74c0 .04-.01.11-.06.13 0 0-1.25.89-3.31.89-2.49 0-5.44-.78-5.44-5.92S2.58 1.99 5.1 2c2.18 0 3.06.49 3.2.58.04.05.06.09.06.14L7.94 4.5c0 .09-.09.2-.2.17-.36-.11-.9-.33-2.17-.33-1.47 0-3.05.42-3.05 3.73s1.5 3.7 2.58 3.7c.92 0 1.25-.11 1.25-.11v-2.3H4.88c-.11 0-.19-.08-.19-.17V7.35c0-.09.08-.17.19-.17h3.74c.11 0 .19.08.19.17z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<nav aria-labelledby="product-menu" class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-lg-2 mb-6 mb-md-2 pr-3 pr-lg-0 pl-lg-4"><h3 id="product-menu" class="h5 mb-3 text-mono color-text-tertiary text-normal">Product</h3><ul class="list-style-none text-gray f5"><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.com/features" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Features, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Features</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.com/security" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Security, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Security</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.com/enterprise" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Enterprise, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Enterprise</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.com/customer-stories?type=enterprise" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Customer Stories, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Customer Stories</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.com/pricing" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Pricing, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Pricing</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://resources.github.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Resources, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Resources</a></li></ul></nav><nav aria-labelledby="platform-menu" class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-lg-2 mb-6 mb-md-2 pr-3 pr-lg-0 pl-lg-4"><h3 id="platform-menu" class="h5 mb-3 text-mono color-text-tertiary text-normal">Platform</h3><ul class="list-style-none text-gray f5"><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://developer.github.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Developer API, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Developer API</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://partner.github.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Partners, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Partners</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://atom.io/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Atom, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Atom</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://www.electronjs.org/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Electron, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Electron</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://desktop.github.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to GitHub Desktop, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">GitHub Desktop</a></li></ul></nav><nav aria-labelledby="support-menu" class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-lg-2 mb-6 mb-md-2 pr-3 pr-lg-0 pl-lg-4"><h3 id="support-menu" class="h5 mb-3 text-mono color-text-tertiary text-normal">Support</h3><ul class="list-style-none text-gray f5"><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://docs.github.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Docs, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Docs</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.community/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Community Forum, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Community Forum</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://services.github.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Training, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Training</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://www.githubstatus.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Status, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Status</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://support.github.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Contact, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Contact</a></li></ul></nav><nav aria-labelledby="company-menu" class="col-6 col-sm-3 col-lg-2 mb-6 mb-md-2 pr-3 pr-lg-0 pl-lg-4"><h3 id="company-menu" class="h5 mb-3 text-mono color-text-tertiary text-normal">Company</h3><ul class="list-style-none text-gray f5"><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.com/about" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to About, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">About</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.blog/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Blog, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Blog</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.com/about/careers" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Careers, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Careers</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://github.com/about/press" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Press, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Press</a></li><li class="lh-condensed mb-3"><a href="https://shop.github.com/" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to Shop, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Shop</a></li></ul></nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="color-bg-subtle">
|
||
<div class="container-xl p-responsive-blog f6 py-4 d-sm-flex flex-justify-between flex-items-center">
|
||
|
||
<ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-wrap text-gray mb-3">
|
||
<li class="mr-3">© 2026 GitHub, Inc.</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="mr-3">
|
||
<a href="https://docs.github.com/en/github/site-policy/github-terms-of-service" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to terms, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Terms</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="mr-3">
|
||
<a href="https://docs.github.com/en/github/site-policy/github-privacy-statement" data-ga-click="Site Foundation Components, go to privacy, site foundation components footer" class="Link--secondary">Privacy</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="mr-3">
|
||
<button type="button" class="btn-link Link--secondary" onClick="_ghcc.showPreferences()">Manage Cookies</button>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mr-3">
|
||
<button type="button" class="btn-link Link--secondary" onClick="_ghcc.showPreferences()">Do not share my personal information</button>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-items-center mb-sm-0 lh-condensed-ultra">
|
||
<li class="mr-3 flex-self-start focusable-svg">
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/github" data-ga-click="Blog, go to Linkedin, resources footer" style="color: #959da5;">
|
||
<svg focusable="false" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19 18" class="d-block" height="18">
|
||
<title>LinkedIn icon</title>
|
||
<path d="M3.94 2A2 2 0 1 1 2 0a2 2 0 0 1 1.94 2zM4 5.48H0V18h4zm6.32 0H6.34V18h3.94v-6.57c0-3.66 4.77-4 4.77 0V18H19v-7.93c0-6.17-7.06-5.94-8.72-2.91z" fill="currentColor"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="sr-only">GitHub on LinkedIn</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mr-3 focusable-svg">
|
||
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/github/" data-ga-click="Blog, go to Instagram, resources footer" style="color: #959da5;">
|
||
<svg focusable="false" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 169.063 169.063" class="d-block" height="18">
|
||
<title>Instagram icon</title>
|
||
<g>
|
||
<path d="M122.406,0H46.654C20.929,0,0,20.93,0,46.655v75.752c0,25.726,20.929,46.655,46.654,46.655h75.752
|
||
c25.727,0,46.656-20.93,46.656-46.655V46.655C169.063,20.93,148.133,0,122.406,0z M154.063,122.407
|
||
c0,17.455-14.201,31.655-31.656,31.655H46.654C29.2,154.063,15,139.862,15,122.407V46.655C15,29.201,29.2,15,46.654,15h75.752
|
||
c17.455,0,31.656,14.201,31.656,31.655V122.407z" fill="currentColor"/>
|
||
<path d="M84.531,40.97c-24.021,0-43.563,19.542-43.563,43.563c0,24.02,19.542,43.561,43.563,43.561s43.563-19.541,43.563-43.561
|
||
C128.094,60.512,108.552,40.97,84.531,40.97z M84.531,113.093c-15.749,0-28.563-12.812-28.563-28.561
|
||
c0-15.75,12.813-28.563,28.563-28.563s28.563,12.813,28.563,28.563C113.094,100.281,100.28,113.093,84.531,113.093z" fill="currentColor"/>
|
||
<path d="M129.921,28.251c-2.89,0-5.729,1.17-7.77,3.22c-2.051,2.04-3.23,4.88-3.23,7.78c0,2.891,1.18,5.73,3.23,7.78
|
||
c2.04,2.04,4.88,3.22,7.77,3.22c2.9,0,5.73-1.18,7.78-3.22c2.05-2.05,3.22-4.89,3.22-7.78c0-2.9-1.17-5.74-3.22-7.78
|
||
C135.661,29.421,132.821,28.251,129.921,28.251z" fill="currentColor"/>
|
||
</g>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="sr-only">GitHub on Instagram</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mr-3 focusable-svg">
|
||
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/github" data-ga-click="Blog, go to YouTube, resources footer" style="color: #959da5;">
|
||
<svg focusable="false" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 19.17 13.6" class="d-block" height="16">
|
||
<title>YouTube icon</title>
|
||
<path d="M18.77 2.13A2.4 2.4 0 0 0 17.09.42C15.59 0 9.58 0 9.58 0a57.55 57.55 0 0 0-7.5.4A2.49 2.49 0 0 0 .39 2.13 26.27 26.27 0 0 0 0 6.8a26.15 26.15 0 0 0 .39 4.67 2.43 2.43 0 0 0 1.69 1.71c1.52.42 7.5.42 7.5.42a57.69 57.69 0 0 0 7.51-.4 2.4 2.4 0 0 0 1.68-1.71 25.63 25.63 0 0 0 .4-4.67 24 24 0 0 0-.4-4.69zM7.67 9.71V3.89l5 2.91z" fill="currentColor"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="sr-only">GitHub on YouTube</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mr-3 focusable-svg">
|
||
<a href="https://twitter.com/github" data-ga-click="Blog, go to X, resources footer" style="color: #959da5;">
|
||
<svg focusable="false" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" class="d-block" height="18">
|
||
<title>X icon</title>
|
||
<path xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" d="M714.163 519.284 1160.89 0h-105.86L667.137 450.887 357.328 0H0l468.492 681.821L0 1226.37h105.866l409.625-476.152 327.181 476.152H1200L714.137 519.284h.026ZM569.165 687.828l-47.468-67.894-377.686-540.24h162.604l304.797 435.991 47.468 67.894 396.2 566.721H892.476L569.165 687.854v-.026Z" fill="currentColor"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="sr-only">GitHub on X</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mr-3 flex-self-start focusable-svg">
|
||
<a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@github" data-ga-click="Blog, go to TikTok, resources footer" style="color: #959da5;">
|
||
<svg focusable="false" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="d-block" height="18">
|
||
<title>TikTok icon</title>
|
||
<path d="M12.525.02c1.31-.02 2.61-.01 3.91-.02.08 1.53.63 3.09 1.75 4.17 1.12 1.11 2.7 1.62 4.24 1.79v4.03c-1.44-.05-2.89-.35-4.2-.97-.57-.26-1.1-.59-1.62-.93-.01 2.92.01 5.84-.02 8.75-.08 1.4-.54 2.79-1.35 3.94-1.31 1.92-3.58 3.17-5.91 3.21-1.43.08-2.86-.31-4.08-1.03-2.02-1.19-3.44-3.37-3.65-5.71-.02-.5-.03-1-.01-1.49.18-1.9 1.12-3.72 2.58-4.96 1.66-1.44 3.98-2.13 6.15-1.72.02 1.48-.04 2.96-.04 4.44-.99-.32-2.15-.23-3.02.37-.63.41-1.11 1.04-1.36 1.75-.21.51-.15 1.07-.14 1.61.24 1.64 1.82 3.02 3.5 2.87 1.12-.01 2.19-.66 2.77-1.61.19-.33.4-.67.41-1.06.1-1.79.06-3.57.07-5.36.01-4.03-.01-8.05.02-12.07z" fill="currentColor"/>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="sr-only">GitHub on TikTok</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="mr-3 flex-self-start focusable-svg">
|
||
<a href="https://www.twitch.tv/github" data-ga-click="Blog, go to Twitch, resources footer" style="color: #959da5;">
|
||
<svg focusable="false" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="d-block" height="18">
|
||
<title>Twitch icon</title>
|
||
<path d="M11.571 4.714h1.715v5.143H11.57zm4.715 0H18v5.143h-1.714zM6 0L1.714 4.286v15.428h5.143V24l4.286-4.286h3.428L22.286 12V0zm14.571 11.143l-3.428 3.428h-3.429l-3 3v-3H6.857V1.714h13.714Z" fill="currentColor"/>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="sr-only">GitHub on Twitch</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="focusable-svg">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/github" data-ga-click="Blog, go to github's org, resources footer" style="color: #959da5;">
|
||
<svg focusable="false" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" height="20" class="octicon octicon-mark-github d-block" alt="" viewBox="0 0 98 96" fill="none" version="1.1" width="20" aria-hidden="true"><g clip-path="url(#a)">
|
||
<title>GitHub icon</title>
|
||
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M41.44 69.385C28.807 67.853 19.906 58.762 19.906 46.99c0-4.785 1.723-9.953 4.594-13.398-1.244-3.158-1.053-9.858.383-12.633 3.828-.479 8.996 1.531 12.058 4.307 3.637-1.149 7.465-1.723 12.155-1.723 4.69 0 8.517.574 11.963 1.627 2.966-2.68 8.23-4.69 12.058-4.211 1.34 2.584 1.531 9.283.287 12.537 3.063 3.637 4.69 8.518 4.69 13.494 0 11.772-8.9 20.672-21.725 22.3 3.254 2.104 5.455 6.698 5.455 11.962v9.953c0 2.871 2.393 4.498 5.264 3.35C84.41 87.95 98 70.629 98 49.19 98 22.107 75.988 0 48.904 0 21.82 0 0 22.107 0 49.191c0 21.246 13.494 38.856 31.678 45.46 2.584.956 5.072-.766 5.072-3.35v-7.657c-1.34.575-3.063.958-4.594.958-6.316 0-10.049-3.446-12.728-9.858-1.053-2.584-2.201-4.115-4.403-4.402-1.148-.096-1.53-.574-1.53-1.149 0-1.148 1.913-2.01 3.827-2.01 2.776 0 5.168 1.723 7.657 5.264 1.914 2.776 3.923 4.02 6.316 4.02 2.392 0 3.924-.861 6.125-3.063 1.627-1.627 2.871-3.062 4.02-4.02z"/></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path d="M0 0h98v96H0z"/></clipPath></defs>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="sr-only">GitHub’s organization on GitHub</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script type="speculationrules">
|
||
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/github-2021-child/*","/wp-content/themes/github-2021/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<div id="ghcc" style="position: sticky; bottom: 0; z-index: 99999;"></div><script id="github_cookie_consent-js" src="https://ghcc.githubassets.com/ghcc.min.js"></script>
|
||
<script id="github_microsoft_analytics-js" src="https://js.monitor.azure.com/scripts/c/ms.analytics-web-4.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://github.blog/_static/??-eJx9jdEOwiAMRX9IVsZi3IvxWzYgUAZlkZL5+VYTjU++9px7CseubCX2xLDnHpAahCinuqF/kSZELeQU3xe7IQVw2BhSgz/OkNoJfsocffESRo59VUabUdmI2X1bGUPktT4+QySbu5OJsLcT5VkbCpIYt3IdL/M8aT2dTXoCiqVGIQ==" ></script><script id="wp-i18n-js" src="https://github.blog/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=1dfe7db3940c23ea9216"></script>
|
||
<script id="wp-i18n-js-after">
|
||
wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } );
|
||
//# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://github.blog/_static/??/wp-includes/js/dist/private-apis.min.js,/wp-includes/js/dist/url.min.js?m=1787604914j" ></script><script id="wp-api-fetch-js" src="https://github.blog/wp-includes/js/dist/api-fetch.min.js?ver=6f2a4faeee3c722b1e57"></script>
|
||
<script id="wp-api-fetch-js-after">
|
||
wp.apiFetch.use( wp.apiFetch.createRootURLMiddleware( "https://github.blog/wp-json/" ) );
|
||
wp.apiFetch.nonceMiddleware = wp.apiFetch.createNonceMiddleware( "46518e8385" );
|
||
wp.apiFetch.use( wp.apiFetch.nonceMiddleware );
|
||
wp.apiFetch.use( wp.apiFetch.mediaUploadMiddleware );
|
||
wp.apiFetch.nonceEndpoint = "https://github.blog/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=rest-nonce";
|
||
//# sourceURL=wp-api-fetch-js-after
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/themes/github-2021/dist/js/site-script.js?m=1788300352g" ></script><script id="highlightjs-js" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/11.11.1/highlight.min.js?ver=11.4.0"></script>
|
||
<script id="highlightjs-js-after">
|
||
hljs.highlightAll()
|
||
//# sourceURL=highlightjs-js-after
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://github.blog/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js?m=1788300351g" ></script><script integrity="sha256-kAnFXX7lCXF9K2o4g5q1lKyk167yRq6C4TiXWtbgvQw=" crossorigin="anonymous" id="hydro-analytics-js" src="https://analytics.githubassets.com/v1.1.0/hydro-marketing.min.js?ver=7.1"></script>
|
||
<script id="jetpack-stats-js-before">
|
||
_stq = window._stq || [];
|
||
_stq.push([ "view", {"v":"ext","blog":"153214340","post":"81409","tz":"-7","srv":"github.blog","hp":"vip","j":"1:16.1.3"} ]);
|
||
_stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "153214340", "81409" ]);
|
||
//# sourceURL=jetpack-stats-js-before
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script data-wp-strategy="defer" defer fetchpriority="low" id="jetpack-stats-js" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202637.js"></script>
|
||
<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
|
||
{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://github.blog/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1"}}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script type="module">
|
||
/*! This file is auto-generated */
|
||
var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
|
||
//# sourceURL=https://github.blog/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
|
||
</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|