2917 lines
128 KiB
HTML
2917 lines
128 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<meta name="description" content="Learn real-world challenges, solutions, and team lessons from an Amazon engineering manager. Discover how to drive agility and resilience — read more now!">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Open source, Site reliability engineering, microservices">
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<meta property="og:description" content="Learn real-world challenges, solutions, and team lessons from an Amazon engineering manager. Discover how to drive agility and resilience — read more now!">
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="dzone.com">
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<meta property="og:title" content="How We Broke the Monolith (and Kept Our Sanity)">
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://dzone.com/articles/how-we-broke-the-monolith-and-kept-our-sanity">
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/18487075-thumb.jpg">
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<meta property="og:type" content="article">
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@DZoneInc">
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/18487075-thumb.jpg">
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn real-world challenges, solutions, and team lessons from an Amazon engineering manager. Discover how to drive agility and resilience — read more now!">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="How We Broke the Monolith (and Kept Our Sanity)">
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<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
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<meta name="google-site-verification" content="kndbhxcupfEqWmZclhCpB6vlgOs7QSmx2UHAGGnP2mA">
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<meta name="df-verify" content="df0d76632b4543">
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<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/favicon.png">
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<link rel="image_src" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/18487075-thumb.jpg">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://dzone.com/articles/how-we-broke-the-monolith-and-kept-our-sanity">
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<title>How We Broke the Monolith (and Kept Our Sanity)</title>
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<link rel="preload" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/font/fontello.woff?11773374" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin="anonymous">
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/icons.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/global.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/header-updated/styles.css">
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<style>
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:root {
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--xs-size: 2px;
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--sm-size: 5px;
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--md-size: 10px;
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--lg-size: 15px;
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--xl-size: 25px;
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--sm-border-size: 8px;
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--sm-font-size: 13px;
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--sm-plus-font-size: 16px;
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--md-font-size: 18px;
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--lg-font-size: 22px;
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--xl-font-size: 26px;
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}
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/* Display Quick-Access Classes */
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.display-none { display: none; }
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.display-block { display: block; }
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.display-inline { display: inline; }
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.display-inline-block { display: inline-block; }
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/* Margin Quick-Access Classes */
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.m-xs { margin: var(--xs-size); }
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.m-sm { margin: var(--sm-size); }
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.m-md { margin: var(--md-size); }
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.m-lg { margin: var(--lg-size); }
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.m-xl { margin: var(--xl-size); }
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.mt-xs, .my-xs { margin-top: var(--xs-size); }
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.mr-xs, .mx-xs { margin-right: var(--xs-size); }
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.mb-xs, .my-xs { margin-bottom: var(--xs-size); }
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.ml-xs, .mx-xs { margin-left: var(--xs-size); }
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.mt-sm, .my-sm { margin-top: var(--sm-size); }
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.mr-sm, .mx-sm { margin-right: var(--sm-size); }
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.mb-sm, .my-sm { margin-bottom: var(--sm-size); }
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.ml-sm, .mx-sm { margin-left: var(--sm-size); }
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.mt-md, .my-md { margin-top: var(--md-size); }
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.mr-md, .mx-md { margin-right: var(--md-size); }
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.mb-md, .my-md { margin-bottom: var(--md-size); }
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.ml-md, .mx-md { margin-left: var(--md-size); }
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.mt-lg, .my-lg { margin-top: var(--lg-size); }
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.mr-lg, .mx-lg { margin-right: var(--lg-size); }
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.mb-lg, .my-lg { margin-bottom: var(--lg-size); }
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.ml-lg, .mx-lg { margin-left: var(--lg-size); }
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.mt-xl, .my-xl { margin-top: var(--xl-size); }
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.mr-xl, .mx-xl { margin-right: var(--xl-size); }
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.mb-xl, .my-xl { margin-bottom: var(--xl-size); }
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.ml-xl, .mx-xl { margin-left: var(--xl-size); }
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.ml-auto, .mx-auto { margin-left: auto; }
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.mr-auto, .mx-auto { margin-right: auto; }
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.mt-auto, .my-auto { margin-top: auto; }
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.mb-auto, .my-auto { margin-bottom: auto; }
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.my-none, .mt-none { margin-top: 0 !important; }
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.mx-none, .mr-none { margin-right: 0 !important; }
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||
.my-none, .mb-none { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
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.mx-none, .ml-none { margin-left: 0 !important; }
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/* Padding Quick-Access Classes */
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.p-xs { padding: var(--xs-size); }
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.p-sm { padding: var(--sm-size); }
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.p-md { padding: var(--md-size); }
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.p-lg { padding: var(--lg-size); }
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.p-xl { padding: var(--xl-size); }
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.pt-xs, .py-xs { padding-top: var(--xs-size); }
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.pr-xs, .px-xs { padding-right: var(--xs-size); }
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.pb-xs, .py-xs { padding-bottom: var(--xs-size); }
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.pl-xs, .px-xs { padding-left: var(--xs-size); }
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||
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.pt-sm, .py-sm { padding-top: var(--sm-size); }
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.pr-sm, .px-sm { padding-right: var(--sm-size); }
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.pb-sm, .py-sm { padding-bottom: var(--sm-size); }
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.pl-sm, .px-sm { padding-left: var(--sm-size); }
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.pt-md, .py-md { padding-top: var(--md-size); }
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.pr-md, .px-md { padding-right: var(--md-size); }
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.pb-md, .py-md { padding-bottom: var(--md-size); }
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.pl-md, .px-md { padding-left: var(--md-size); }
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.pt-lg, .py-lg { padding-top: var(--lg-size); }
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.pr-lg, .px-lg { padding-right: var(--lg-size); }
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.pb-lg, .py-lg { padding-bottom: var(--lg-size); }
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.pl-lg, .px-lg { padding-left: var(--lg-size); }
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.pt-xl, .py-xl { padding-top: var(--xl-size); }
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.pr-xl, .px-xl { padding-right: var(--xl-size); }
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.pb-xl, .py-xl { padding-bottom: var(--xl-size); }
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.pl-xl, .px-xl { padding-left: var(--xl-size); }
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||
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||
.py-none, .pt-none { padding-top: 0 !important; }
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.px-none, .pr-none { padding-right: 0 !important; }
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||
.py-none, .pb-none { padding-bottom: 0 !important; }
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||
.px-none, .pl-none { padding-left: 0 !important; }
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/* Flex Quick-Access Classes */
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.flex {
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display: flex;
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}
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.flex-column {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: column;
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}
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.flex-column-reverse {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: column-reverse;
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||
}
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.flex-row {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: row;
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||
}
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.flex-row-reverse {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: row-reverse;
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}
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.flex-wrap {
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flex-wrap: wrap;
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}
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.flex-grow {
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flex-grow: 1;
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}
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.align-center { align-items: center; }
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.align-end { align-items: flex-end; }
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.content-center {
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align-content: center;
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}
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.justify-center { justify-content: center; }
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.justify-start { justify-content: flex-start; }
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.justify-end { justify-content: flex-end; }
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.justify-around { justify-content: space-around; }
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.justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
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.justify-evenly { justify-content: space-evenly; }
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.gap-sm { gap: var(--sm-size); }
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.gap-md { gap: var(--md-size); }
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||
.gap-lg { gap: var(--lg-size); }
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.gap-xl { gap: var(--xl-size); }
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/* Display Quick-Access Classes */
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||
.inline-block { display: inline-block; }
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||
|
||
/* Font Quick-Access Classes */
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||
.font-xl { font-size: var(--xl-font-size); }
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.font-lg { font-size: var(--lg-font-size); }
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.font-md { font-size: var(--md-font-size); }
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.font-sm-plus { font-size: var(--sm-plus-font-size); }
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.font-sm { font-size: var(--sm-font-size); }
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||
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.font-strike { text-decoration: line-through; }
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||
.font-underline { text-decoration: underline; }
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.font-overline { text-decoration: overline; }
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||
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.font-italic { font-style: italic; }
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||
.font-bold { font-weight: bold; }
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||
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||
.font-black { color: #000000; }
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||
.font-white { color: #ffffff; }
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||
.font-gray { color: var(--brand-gray-text); }
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||
.font-danger { color: var(--header-dropdown-button-bg-danger); }
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||
.font-center { text-align: center; }
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||
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||
.no-wrap { white-space: nowrap; }
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||
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||
/* Consistent headings between h and non-h tags */
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.heading {
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||
margin-top: 0;
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margin-bottom: var(--md-size);
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||
}
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||
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||
.heading.font-xl { line-height: var(--xl-font-size); }
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||
.heading.font-lg { line-height: var(--lg-font-size); }
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||
.heading.font-md { line-height: var(--md-font-size); }
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||
.heading.font-sm-plus { line-height: var(--sm-plus-font-size); }
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||
.heading.font-sm { line-height: var(--sm-font-size); }
|
||
|
||
/* Font Clamp Quick-Access Classes */
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||
.line-clamp,
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||
.line-clamp-2,
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||
.line-clamp-3,
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||
.line-clamp-4,
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||
.line-clamp-5 {
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||
display: -webkit-box;
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||
-webkit-line-clamp: 4;
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||
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
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||
overflow: hidden;
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||
text-overflow: ellipsis;
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||
}
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||
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.line-clamp-2 { -webkit-line-clamp: 2 !important; }
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||
.line-clamp-3 { -webkit-line-clamp: 3 !important; }
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||
.line-clamp-4 { -webkit-line-clamp: 4 !important; }
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||
.line-clamp-5 { -webkit-line-clamp: 5 !important; }
|
||
|
||
/* User-Select Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.select-none { user-select: none; }
|
||
|
||
/* Position Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.absolute { position: absolute; }
|
||
.relative { position: relative; }
|
||
.float-left { float: left; }
|
||
.float-right { float: right; }
|
||
|
||
.pos-top { top: 0; }
|
||
.pos-right { right: 0; }
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||
.pos-bottom { bottom: 0; }
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||
.pos-left { left: 0; }
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||
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||
.va-top { vertical-align: top; }
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||
.va-middle { vertical-align: middle; }
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||
.va-bottom { vertical-align: bottom; }
|
||
|
||
/* Transition Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.trans-linear-quick {
|
||
transition: all 0.15s linear;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Background Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.bg-gray { background: #cccccc; }
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||
.bg-white { background-color: white; }
|
||
.bg-none { background: none; }
|
||
|
||
/* Border Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.border-gray { border: 1px solid #cccccc; }
|
||
.tab-pane.border-gray { border: 1px solid #ddd; }
|
||
.no-border, .border-none { border: none !important; }
|
||
|
||
.bt-none { border-top: none !important; }
|
||
.br-none { border-right: none !important; }
|
||
.bb-none { border-bottom: none !important; }
|
||
.bl-none { border-left: none !important; }
|
||
|
||
/* Border Radius Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
|
||
.round-t-sm, .round-tl-sm { border-top-left-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-t-sm, .round-tr-sm { border-top-right-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-b-sm, .round-bl-sm { border-bottom-left-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-b-sm, .round-br-sm { border-bottom-right-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-sm { border-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-fully { border-radius: 50%; }
|
||
|
||
/* Misc Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.haikei {
|
||
position: relative;
|
||
background-image: url('https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/polygon-scatter-haikei-shapes.svg');
|
||
background-repeat: no-repeat;
|
||
background-size: cover;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.haikei:before {
|
||
content: '';
|
||
position:absolute;
|
||
top: 0;
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||
left: 0;
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
height: 100%;
|
||
background-color: var(--color-event-background);
|
||
z-index: -1;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.margin-auto-center {
|
||
display: block;
|
||
margin-left: auto;
|
||
margin-right: auto;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.flex-auto-center {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
margin-left: auto;
|
||
margin-right: auto;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.mw-1100 { max-width: 1100px; }
|
||
.mw-1300 { max-width: 1300px; }
|
||
.full-width { width: 100%; }
|
||
|
||
.h-separator {
|
||
background-color: #cccccc;
|
||
height: 1px;
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
margin: 5px auto;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.no-spacing {
|
||
margin: 0 !important;
|
||
padding: 0 !important;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.inherit-color { color: inherit; }
|
||
|
||
.inherit-decoration { text-decoration: inherit; }
|
||
|
||
/* Table Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.table-border-gray tr:not(:last-child) {
|
||
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
table.full-width tr td:last-child {
|
||
width:100%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Animation Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
@keyframes anim-spin {
|
||
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
|
||
100% { transform: rotate(359deg); }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.anim-spin {
|
||
display: inline-block;
|
||
animation: anim-spin 2s infinite linear;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.hov-pointer { cursor: pointer; }
|
||
.hov-brighten:hover { filter: brightness(1.2); }
|
||
.hov-darken:hover { filter: brightness(0.95); }
|
||
.hov-underline:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
|
||
|
||
/* Small tweaks related to components when using these styles */
|
||
.nav-tabs {
|
||
border-bottom: none;
|
||
}
|
||
.tab-content > .flex-column.active,
|
||
.tab-content > .flex-row.active {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Alpine components with x-cloak should not be visible by default until conditionals kick in */
|
||
[x-cloak] { display: none !important; }
|
||
</style>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/alpine-components/modal.css">
|
||
<script defer src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/alpinejs/3.13.2/cdn.min.js"></script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
document.addEventListener('alpine:init', () => {
|
||
Alpine.store('article', {
|
||
id: null,
|
||
engagement: {
|
||
open: false,
|
||
page: 1,
|
||
users: [],
|
||
additional: true,
|
||
loading: false,
|
||
initializing: false,
|
||
unauthorized: false,
|
||
enqueued: null,
|
||
dequeued: null,
|
||
|
||
reset() {
|
||
this.open = false;
|
||
this.page = 1;
|
||
this.users.splice(0);
|
||
this.additional = true;
|
||
this.loading = false;
|
||
this.initializing = false;
|
||
this.enqueued = null;
|
||
this.dequeued = null;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
enqueue(user) {
|
||
this.dequeued = null;
|
||
this.enqueued = user;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
dequeue(user) {
|
||
this.enqueued = null;
|
||
this.dequeued = user;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
add(user) {
|
||
this.users.push(user);
|
||
this.enqueued = null;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
remove(user) {
|
||
const index = this.users.findIndex(u => u.id === user.id);
|
||
|
||
if (index !== -1) {
|
||
this.users.splice(index, 1);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
this.dequeued = null;
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||
},
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|
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contains(user) {
|
||
return this.users.filter(u => u.id === user.id).length;
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||
}
|
||
}
|
||
});
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||
|
||
Alpine.effect(() => {
|
||
const store = Alpine.store('article');
|
||
if (!store.engagement.additional && store.engagement.enqueued) {
|
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if (!store.engagement.contains(store.engagement.enqueued)) {
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store.engagement.add(store.engagement.enqueued);
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}
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}
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});
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|
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Alpine.effect(() => {
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const store = Alpine.store('article');
|
||
if (store.engagement.page && store.engagement.dequeued) {
|
||
store.engagement.remove(store.engagement.dequeued);
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}
|
||
})
|
||
});
|
||
</script></head>
|
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<body x-data>
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<div class="skybox skybox-closeBtn dz_skybox" data-gpt-slot="skybox" id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-99"></div>
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<header id="ftl-header">
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||
<div class="header-top">
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<div class="header-container">
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||
<div class="pull-left logo-container">
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<div class="logo">
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<a class="inner" href="/">
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<picture>
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<source srcset="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.webp" type="image/webp">
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<source srcset="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.png" type="image/png">
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<img src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.png" width="181" height="56" alt="DZone">
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</picture>
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</a>
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<div class="pull-right login-and-search">
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<div id="authenticated-block" class="logged-in">
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<div class="welcome-back">Thanks for visiting DZone today,</div>
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<button class="user-avatar">
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<span id="header-username" class="username"></span>
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||
<img id="header-avatar" src="" alt="user avatar">
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||
</button>
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||
<div id="user-dropdown" class="browse-user-menu">
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||
<div class="user-content">
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||
<a id="header-user-plug" href="#" class="user-description"></a>
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<a id="header-user-edit" href="#" class="edit-profile">Edit Profile</a>
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</div>
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<ul class="user-actions">
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<li id="first-user-action">
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<a id="header-dropdown-manage-email" href="#">Manage Email Subscriptions</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/articles/how-to-submit-a-post-to-dzone?utm_source=DZone&utm_medium=user_dropdown&utm_campaign=how_to_post">
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</a>
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<a href="/articles/dzones-article-submission-guidelines">
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</ul>
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<a href="/users/logout.html" class="sign-out">Sign Out</a>
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<a id="dropdown-view-profile" href="#" class="view-profile">View Profile</a>
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</div>
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<div class="post-content">
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<button id="post-button" class="post-content--button">
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<span class="post-class">Post</span>
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<i class="icon-plus"></i>
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</button>
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<div id="post-menu" class="posting-links">
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<div class="posting-links-menu">
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<ul>
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<li>
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<img src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz-postarticle.svg" width="15" height="18" style="width: 15px; height: 18px;">
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<a href="/content/article/post.html">Post an Article</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a id="drafts-link" href="#">Manage My Drafts</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="unauthenticated-block">
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<div class="dz-intro">Over 2 million developers have joined DZone.</div>
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<a href="/users/login.html">Log In</a>
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<a href="/static/registration.html">Join</a>
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</div>
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<a class="join-icon" href="/users/login.html" aria-label="User">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide svg-user lucide-user-icon lucide-user">
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<path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
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<circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
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</svg>
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</a>
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</div>
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<script>
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document.addEventListener('alpine:init', () => {
|
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Alpine.data('searchDrawer', () => ({
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||
open: false,
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||
query: '',
|
||
minCharsMet: false,
|
||
|
||
toggleVisibility() {
|
||
this.open = !this.open;
|
||
if (this.open) {
|
||
this.$nextTick(() => {
|
||
this.$refs.query.focus();
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||
});
|
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}
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
updateSearchValue() {
|
||
if (!this.query || !this.query.length || this.query.length < 3) {
|
||
this.minCharsMet = false;
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
this.minCharsMet = true;
|
||
localStorage.setItem('ls.searchValue', this.query);
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||
},
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||
|
||
searchSite() {
|
||
if (this.minCharsMet) {
|
||
window.location = '/search';
|
||
}
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||
}
|
||
}));
|
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});
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</script>
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<div class="headerSearch" x-data="searchDrawer()" x-cloak>
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<button class="btn-search dropdown-toggle" x-on:click="toggleVisibility()" aria-label="Search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide svg-search lucide-search-icon lucide-search">
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<path d="m21 21-4.34-4.34"></path>
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<circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle>
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</svg>
|
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</button>
|
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<template x-teleport=".header-container">
|
||
<div id="search-drawer" x-show="open" x-on:click.outside="open = false" x-transition>
|
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<div class="search-input">
|
||
<input type="text"
|
||
placeholder="Search"
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autofocus="autofocus"
|
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x-model="query"
|
||
x-ref="query"
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x-on:input.change="updateSearchValue()"
|
||
x-on:keyup.enter="searchSite()"
|
||
>
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||
<button x-on:click="searchSite()" x-bind:disabled="!minCharsMet">
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<span>Search</span>
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</button>
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</div>
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<div class="search-footer">
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Please enter at least three characters to search
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</div>
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</div>
|
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</template>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div> </div>
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<div class="header-bottom">
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<div class="header-bottom-container">
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<a class="resource-link" href="/refcardz">Refcards</a>
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<a class="resource-link" href="/trendreports">Trend Reports</a>
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<div class="resource-link link-menu">
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<a href="/events">Events</a>
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<a href="/events/video-library">Video Library</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<nav class="header-menu-bar">
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<div class="header-menu resource-category">
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<a href="/refcardz">Refcards</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-separator resource-category-separator"></div>
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<div class="header-menu resource-category">
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<a href="/trendreports">Trend Reports</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-separator resource-category-separator"></div>
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<div class="header-menu resource-category no-bottom-radius" data-click-activation>
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<p class="menu-label">Events</p>
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<div class="header-menu-items">
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<div class="header-menu-columns">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/events">View Events</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/events/video-library">Video Library</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu zone-menu" data-click-activation>
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<p class="menu-label">Zones <i class="icon-down-dir icon-closed"></i><i class="icon-right-dir icon-open"></i></p>
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<div class="header-menu-items">
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<div class="header-menu-columns">
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<div class="header-menu-column-item">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/culture-and-methodologies">Culture and Methodologies</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/agile">Agile</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/career-development">Career Development</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/team-management">Team Management</a>
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</div>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data-engineering">Data Engineering</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/ai-ml">AI/ML</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/big-data">Big Data</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data">Data</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/databases">Databases</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/iot">IoT</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-column-item">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/software-design-and-architecture">Software Design and Architecture</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/cloud-architecture">Cloud Architecture</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/integration">Integration</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/microservices">Microservices</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/performance">Performance</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/security">Security</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-column-item">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/coding">Coding</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/frameworks">Frameworks</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/java">Java</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/languages">Languages</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-column-item">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-deployment-and-maintenance">Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/deployment">Deployment</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/devops-and-cicd">DevOps and CI/CD</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/maintenance">Maintenance</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/monitoring-and-observability">Monitoring and Observability</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-tools-and-frameworks">Testing, Tools, and Frameworks</a>
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</div>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/hubs/build-ai-agents-that-are-ready-for-production/">Build AI Agents That Are Ready for Production</a>
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</div>
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="1">
|
||
<a href="/culture-and-methodologies">Culture and Methodologies</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/agile">Agile</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/career-development">Career Development</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/methodologies">Methodologies</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/team-management">Team Management</a>
|
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</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="2">
|
||
<a href="/data-engineering">Data Engineering</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/ai-ml">AI/ML</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/big-data">Big Data</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data">Data</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/databases">Databases</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/iot">IoT</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="3">
|
||
<a href="/software-design-and-architecture">Software Design and Architecture</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/cloud-architecture">Cloud Architecture</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/containers">Containers</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/integration">Integration</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/microservices">Microservices</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/performance">Performance</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/security">Security</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="4">
|
||
<a href="/coding">Coding</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/frameworks">Frameworks</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/java">Java</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/javascript">JavaScript</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/languages">Languages</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/tools">Tools</a>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="5">
|
||
<a href="/testing-deployment-and-maintenance">Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/deployment">Deployment</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/devops-and-cicd">DevOps and CI/CD</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/maintenance">Maintenance</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/monitoring-and-observability">Monitoring and Observability</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-tools-and-frameworks">Testing, Tools, and Frameworks</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category sponsored" tabindex="6">
|
||
<a href="javascript:void(0)">Partner Zones</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items sponsored">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/hubs/build-ai-agents-that-are-ready-for-production/">Build AI Agents That Are Ready for Production</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
const csrf = {
|
||
parameter: 'TH_CSRF',
|
||
header: 'X-TH-CSRF',
|
||
token: '2114006133215960710'
|
||
}; // set csrf for auth-status script
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
|
||
handleRedirects();
|
||
handleMenus();
|
||
handleMobileMenuHeights();
|
||
handleGotoLinks();
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
function isHidden(element) {
|
||
try {
|
||
return window.getComputedStyle(element).display === 'none';
|
||
} catch (_) {
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function getLink(element) {
|
||
if (element.hasAttribute('data-goto')) {
|
||
return element.getAttribute('data-goto');
|
||
}
|
||
return element.href;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function isLeftClick(event) {
|
||
if (event.altKey || event.shiftKey) {
|
||
return false;
|
||
} else if ('buttons' in event || 'which' in event) {
|
||
return event.buttons === 1 || event.which === 1;
|
||
} else {
|
||
return (event.button === 1 || (event.type === 'click'));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function handleRedirects() {
|
||
const redirections = [...document.querySelectorAll('[data-activate-menu]'), ...document.querySelectorAll('[data-click-target]')];
|
||
|
||
redirections.forEach(function(element) {
|
||
const menuSelector = element.getAttribute('data-activate-menu') || element.getAttribute('data-click-target');
|
||
const redirectingElement = document.querySelector(menuSelector);
|
||
if (redirectingElement) {
|
||
element.style.cursor = 'pointer';
|
||
const redirect = function(e) {
|
||
if (redirectingElement.hasAttribute('href') || redirectingElement.hasAttribute('data-goto')) {
|
||
if (redirectingElement.hasAttribute('data-new-window') || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) {
|
||
window.open(getLink(redirectingElement), '_blank');
|
||
} else {
|
||
window.open(getLink(redirectingElement), '_self');
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
const evt = new e.constructor(e.type, e);
|
||
redirectingElement.dispatchEvent(evt);
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
element.addEventListener('mouseup', redirect);
|
||
element.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => e.preventDefault());
|
||
element.addEventListener('click', (e) => e.preventDefault());
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function handleMenus() {
|
||
const menuElements = [
|
||
...document.querySelectorAll('.header-menu > a'),
|
||
...document.querySelectorAll('.header-menu > p.menu-label')
|
||
];
|
||
|
||
let scrollYMemory = -1;
|
||
|
||
function scrollToMemory() {
|
||
if (scrollYMemory !== -1) {
|
||
setTimeout(function() {
|
||
window.scrollTo(0, scrollYMemory);
|
||
scrollYMemory = -1;
|
||
}, 10);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function hideMenus() {
|
||
// unfocus menus & items, and set the menus to non-visible.
|
||
menuElements.forEach(function (element) {
|
||
element.blur();
|
||
element.parentElement.blur();
|
||
element.parentElement.classList.remove('menu-opened');
|
||
const menuItems = element.parentElement.querySelector('.header-menu-items');
|
||
if (menuItems) {
|
||
menuItems.style.display = 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
const wasHidden = document.body.style.overflowY === 'hidden';
|
||
document.body.style.overflowY = 'auto';
|
||
if (wasHidden) {
|
||
scrollToMemory();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function isEventOutsideMenu(e) {
|
||
return e.target.closest && !e.target.closest('.header-menu') && !e.target.closest('[data-activate-menu]');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Handle mobile menu toggling
|
||
menuElements.forEach(function(element) {
|
||
const menu = element.parentElement;
|
||
const headerItems = menu.querySelector('.header-menu-items');
|
||
const menuEntries = headerItems ? headerItems.querySelectorAll('.header-menu-item') : [];
|
||
|
||
const focus = function() {
|
||
menu.focus();
|
||
menu.classList.add('menu-opened');
|
||
if (headerItems) {
|
||
headerItems.style.display = 'block';
|
||
}
|
||
if (menu.classList.contains('zone-menu')) {
|
||
scrollYMemory = window.scrollY;
|
||
document.body.style.overflowY = 'hidden';
|
||
} else {
|
||
scrollYMemory = -1;
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const unfocus = function() {
|
||
menu.blur();
|
||
menu.classList.remove('menu-opened');
|
||
if (headerItems) {
|
||
headerItems.style.display = 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
const wasHidden = document.body.style.overflowY === 'hidden';
|
||
document.body.style.overflowY = 'auto';
|
||
if (wasHidden) {
|
||
scrollToMemory();
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const toggleMenuVisibility = function(e) {
|
||
if ((e.type === 'click' || e.type === 'mouseup') && !isLeftClick(e)) {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
const hidden = isHidden(headerItems);
|
||
if (menu.hasAttribute('data-click-activation')) { // handle click activated toggling
|
||
if (hidden) {
|
||
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
|
||
focus();
|
||
} else {
|
||
unfocus();
|
||
}
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
} else if (hidden) {
|
||
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
|
||
focus();
|
||
e.preventDefault(); // prevent 'click' event from firing when menu is hidden
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
element.addEventListener('touchend', toggleMenuVisibility);
|
||
element.addEventListener('mouseup', toggleMenuVisibility);
|
||
|
||
// Add hover events to non-click-activated menus, even though CSS should cover it.
|
||
if (!menu.hasAttribute('data-click-activation')) {
|
||
menu.addEventListener('mouseover', function () {
|
||
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
|
||
focus();
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
menu.addEventListener('mouseout', function (e) {
|
||
if (isEventOutsideMenu(e)) {
|
||
unfocus();
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Hide menu when child is clicked
|
||
menuEntries.forEach(function(menuEntry) {
|
||
const linkToItem = function(e) {
|
||
if (e.type === 'mousedown' || e.type === 'click') {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
if (e.type === 'mouseup' && !isLeftClick(e)) {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
window.open(getLink(menuEntry), (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) ? '_blank' : (menuEntry.target || '_self'));
|
||
unfocus();
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const linkToMobileItem = function(e) {
|
||
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
|
||
menuEntry.setAttribute('data-touchmove', false);
|
||
} else if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
|
||
menuEntry.setAttribute('data-touchmove', true);
|
||
} else if (e.type === 'touchend' && (!menuEntry.hasAttribute('data-touchmove') || menuEntry.getAttribute('data-touchmove').toLowerCase() === 'false')) {
|
||
window.open(getLink(menuEntry), (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) ? '_blank' : (menuEntry.target || '_self'));
|
||
unfocus();
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('mousedown', linkToItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('mouseup', linkToItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('click', linkToItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchstart', linkToMobileItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchmove', linkToMobileItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchend', linkToMobileItem);
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
function hideIfNonMenuBounds(e) {
|
||
if (isEventOutsideMenu(e)) {
|
||
hideMenus();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
addEventListener('mousemove', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
addEventListener('touchend', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
addEventListener('mouseup', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
addEventListener('mousedown', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
addEventListener('click', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function handleMobileMenuHeights() {
|
||
function setAppHeight() {
|
||
document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--app-height', window.innerHeight + 'px');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
addEventListener('resize', function() {
|
||
setAppHeight();
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
setAppHeight();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function handleGotoLinks() {
|
||
// Add anchor mimicking to elements with data-goto attributes
|
||
// This addresses SEO concerns of linking to noindex pages by allowing JS to handle the URL
|
||
const anchorElements = document.querySelectorAll('*[data-goto]');
|
||
anchorElements.forEach((anchorElement) => {
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseover', () => {
|
||
anchorElement.style.cursor = 'pointer';
|
||
anchorElement.style.textDecoration = 'underline';
|
||
});
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseout', () => {
|
||
anchorElement.style.cursor = 'unset';
|
||
anchorElement.style.textDecoration = 'unset';
|
||
});
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseup', (e) => {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
});
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
});
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
const anchorHref = anchorElement.getAttribute('data-goto');
|
||
if (anchorElement.hasAttribute('data-new-window') || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) {
|
||
window.open(anchorHref, '_blank');
|
||
} else {
|
||
window.open(anchorHref, '_self');
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
</script><script>
|
||
const authenticatedBlock = document.querySelector('#authenticated-block');
|
||
const unauthenticatedBlock = document.querySelector('#unauthenticated-block');
|
||
|
||
let authenticated = {
|
||
isAuthenticated: false,
|
||
isAdmin: false,
|
||
user: {
|
||
id: null,
|
||
name: null,
|
||
url: null,
|
||
profileImage: null,
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
fetch('/services/internal/data/articles-getAuthenticationStatus', {
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Accept': 'application/json'
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
.then(function (result) {
|
||
return result.json()
|
||
})
|
||
.then(function (result) {
|
||
const res = result.result.data
|
||
if (!res.authenticated) {
|
||
unauthenticatedBlock.classList.add('shown')
|
||
} else {
|
||
authenticated.user.id = res.id;
|
||
authenticated.user.name = res.realName;
|
||
authenticated.user.url = res.profileUrl;
|
||
authenticated.user.profileImage = res.avatar;
|
||
authenticated.user.jobTitle = res.jobTitle;
|
||
authenticated.user.companyName = res.companyName;
|
||
|
||
bindProps('#header-username', null, null, (res.firstName || res.username), null)
|
||
bindProps('#header-avatar', null, res.avatar, null, null)
|
||
bindProps('#header-user-plug', res.profileUrl, null, res.realName, null)
|
||
bindProps('#header-user-edit', '/users/' + res.id + '/edit.html', null, null, null)
|
||
bindProps('#header-dropdown-manage-email', '/newsletters/' + res.id + '/manage.html', null, null, null)
|
||
bindProps('#dropdown-view-profile', res.profileUrl, null, null, null)
|
||
bindProps('#drafts-link', '/users/' + res.id + '/drafts.html', null, null, null)
|
||
|
||
if (res.isAdmin) {
|
||
// Construct backwards so the #after call places elements in the correct order
|
||
const firstUserAction = document.querySelector('#first-user-action')
|
||
const adminConsoleItem = document.createElement('li')
|
||
const adminConsoleLink = createLink('/dzone/staff/index.html', 'Admin Console')
|
||
adminConsoleItem.appendChild(adminConsoleLink)
|
||
firstUserAction.after(adminConsoleItem)
|
||
|
||
const moderationItem = document.createElement('li')
|
||
const moderationLink = createLink('/moderation/list.html', 'Moderation')
|
||
moderationItem.appendChild(moderationLink)
|
||
firstUserAction.after(moderationItem)
|
||
|
||
const bountyModerationItem = document.createElement('li')
|
||
const bountyModerationLink = createLink('/moderation/bounties', 'Bounty Moderation')
|
||
bountyModerationItem.appendChild(bountyModerationLink)
|
||
firstUserAction.after(bountyModerationItem)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
authenticated.isAuthenticated = res.authenticated;
|
||
authenticated.isAdmin = res.isAdmin;
|
||
|
||
authenticatedBlock.classList.add('shown')
|
||
}
|
||
}).catch(function (result) {
|
||
console.error(result)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Binds different properties to the selected element.
|
||
*
|
||
* @param selector - Selector to select the element
|
||
* @param href - href attribute value
|
||
* @param src - src attribute value
|
||
* @param innerHTML - innerHTML property value
|
||
* @param innerText - innerText property value
|
||
*/
|
||
function bindProps(selector, href, src, innerHTML, innerText) {
|
||
const element = document.querySelector(selector)
|
||
if (element) {
|
||
if (href) element.href = href
|
||
if (src) element.src = src
|
||
if (innerHTML) element.innerHTML = innerHTML
|
||
if (innerText) element.innerText = innerText
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Creates a new link element.
|
||
*
|
||
* @param href - href attribute value
|
||
* @param innerText - innerText property value
|
||
* @returns {HTMLAnchorElement} The generated link element
|
||
*/
|
||
function createLink(href, innerText) {
|
||
const link = document.createElement('a')
|
||
link.href = href
|
||
link.innerText = innerText
|
||
|
||
return link
|
||
}
|
||
</script><script>
|
||
const userHeader = document.querySelector('#user-header')
|
||
const userDropdown = document.querySelector('#user-dropdown')
|
||
const postDropdown = document.querySelector('#post-button')
|
||
const postMenu = document.querySelector('#post-menu')
|
||
|
||
let userDropdownOpen = false
|
||
let postDropdownOpen = false
|
||
|
||
document.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
|
||
if (postDropdown && postDropdown.contains(event.target)) {
|
||
setUserDropdown(false)
|
||
setPostDropdown(!postDropdownOpen)
|
||
} else if (userHeader && userHeader.contains(event.target)) {
|
||
setPostDropdown(false)
|
||
setUserDropdown(!userDropdownOpen)
|
||
} else {
|
||
setUserDropdown(false)
|
||
setPostDropdown(false)
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
function setUserDropdown(value) {
|
||
userDropdownOpen = value
|
||
if (userDropdownOpen) {
|
||
if (userDropdown) {
|
||
userDropdown.classList.add('open')
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
if (userDropdown) {
|
||
userDropdown.classList.remove('open')
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function setPostDropdown(value) {
|
||
postDropdownOpen = value
|
||
if (postDropdownOpen) {
|
||
if (postMenu) {
|
||
postMenu.classList.add('open')
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
if (postMenu) {
|
||
postMenu.classList.remove('open')
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</script><script>
|
||
document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
|
||
Alpine.store('global', {
|
||
executeHttp(path, body, method) {
|
||
const options = {
|
||
method: method,
|
||
headers: {
|
||
[csrf.header]: csrf.token
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
if (method !== 'GET') {
|
||
options.body = JSON.stringify(body);
|
||
options.headers = {
|
||
...options.headers,
|
||
'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
|
||
fetch(path, options)
|
||
.then(res => {
|
||
if (!res.ok) {
|
||
reject(res);
|
||
} else {
|
||
resolve(res);
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
.catch(err => reject(err));
|
||
});
|
||
},
|
||
getFromService(path) {
|
||
return this.executeHttp(path, null, 'GET');
|
||
},
|
||
postToService(path, body = {}) {
|
||
return this.executeHttp(path, body, 'POST');
|
||
},
|
||
putToService(path, body = {}) {
|
||
return this.executeHttp(path, body, 'PUT');
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/colors.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/styles.css">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="body-container">
|
||
<div id="announcement-container-outer">
|
||
<div id="announcement-previous">
|
||
<i class="icon-angle-left"></i>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="announcement-next">
|
||
<i class="icon-angle-right"></i>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="announcement-container">
|
||
<div class="announcement announcement-count-1"
|
||
data-position="1">
|
||
<div class="body"><p><strong>Could your team report a vulnerability within 24 hours? </strong>Find out on September 23.</p></div>
|
||
<div class="spacer"></div>
|
||
<a href="https://cvent.me/O32zXR?utm_source=Announcements&utm_medium=DzoneWeb&utm_campaign=QtGroup-0923" target="_blank">
|
||
<button>Assess Your CRA Readiness</button>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" async>
|
||
(function() {
|
||
let announcementPosition = 1;
|
||
let minAnnouncementPosition = -1;
|
||
let maxAnnouncementPosition = -1;
|
||
|
||
const announcementPrevBtn = document.querySelector('#announcement-previous');
|
||
const announcementNextBtn = document.querySelector('#announcement-next');
|
||
|
||
function withAnnouncements(callback) {
|
||
const announcements = document.querySelectorAll('#announcement-container .announcement');
|
||
for (let announcement of announcements) {
|
||
callback(announcement);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function initAnnouncementVars() {
|
||
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--mobile-announcement-separator-width', '1px');
|
||
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
|
||
const pos = parseInt(announcement.getAttribute('data-position'));
|
||
minAnnouncementPosition = minAnnouncementPosition === -1 ? pos : Math.min(minAnnouncementPosition, pos);
|
||
maxAnnouncementPosition = maxAnnouncementPosition === -1 ? pos : Math.max(maxAnnouncementPosition, pos);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
if (document.querySelector('.announcementBarContainer')) {
|
||
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--body-top-padding', '0');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (maxAnnouncementPosition <= 0) {
|
||
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--body-top-padding', '0');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function setAnnouncementPosition(position) {
|
||
if (window.outerWidth >= 890) {
|
||
return; // we do not need to change the position, since we can display everything on desktop.
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Make the announcement cyclical
|
||
if (minAnnouncementPosition !== -1 && maxAnnouncementPosition !== -1) {
|
||
if (position > maxAnnouncementPosition) {
|
||
position = minAnnouncementPosition; // overflow to the first announcement
|
||
} else if (position < minAnnouncementPosition) {
|
||
position = maxAnnouncementPosition; // underflow to the last announcement
|
||
}
|
||
announcementPosition = position;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const shownAnnouncements = [];
|
||
|
||
let reverseFlex = false; // should only be true when the first and last items are showing
|
||
|
||
// Now that the position is valid, apply the transforms
|
||
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
|
||
const pos = parseInt(announcement.getAttribute('data-position'));
|
||
const isWrapped = position === maxAnnouncementPosition && pos === minAnnouncementPosition; // showing first + last at same time
|
||
const doesNextQualify = window.outerWidth >= 500 && (pos === position + 1 || isWrapped);
|
||
|
||
if (pos === position || doesNextQualify) {
|
||
shownAnnouncements.push(announcement);
|
||
} else {
|
||
announcement.style.display = 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
announcement.style.opacity = 0.0;
|
||
|
||
if (isWrapped) {
|
||
reverseFlex = true;
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
for (let announcement of shownAnnouncements) {
|
||
announcement.style.display = 'flex';
|
||
announcement.style.opacity = 1.0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const announcementContainer = document.querySelector('#announcement-container');
|
||
if (announcementContainer) {
|
||
announcementContainer.style.flexDirection = reverseFlex ? 'row-reverse' : 'row';
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function resetAnnouncements() {
|
||
announcementPosition = 1;
|
||
const announcementContainer = document.querySelector('#announcement-container');
|
||
if (announcementContainer) {
|
||
announcementContainer.style.flexDirection = 'row';
|
||
}
|
||
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
|
||
announcement.style.opacity = 1.0;
|
||
announcement.style.display = 'flex';
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile() {
|
||
if (maxAnnouncementPosition <= 2 && announcementPrevBtn && announcementNextBtn) {
|
||
announcementPrevBtn.style.display = maxAnnouncementPosition === 2 && window.outerWidth < 500 ? 'flex' : 'none';
|
||
announcementNextBtn.style.display = maxAnnouncementPosition === 2 && window.outerWidth < 500 ? 'flex' : 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
if (maxAnnouncementPosition === 1 && window.outerWidth >= 500 && window.outerWidth < 890) {
|
||
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--mobile-announcement-separator-width', '0');
|
||
document.querySelector('#announcement-container .announcement').style.maxWidth = '100%';
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function resetAnnouncementsOnResize() {
|
||
announcementPosition = 1; // we want to reset the announcement position every resize
|
||
if (window.outerWidth >= 890) { // 4 announcements can be shown (215px * 4) + separator padding
|
||
resetAnnouncements();
|
||
} else { // if we're still on mobile, set the position to normalize things after resize
|
||
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition);
|
||
sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
window.addEventListener('resize', resetAnnouncementsOnResize);
|
||
|
||
initAnnouncementVars();
|
||
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition); // sets the min & max positions as well as initializes transforms
|
||
|
||
if (announcementPrevBtn) {
|
||
announcementPrevBtn.onclick = function() {
|
||
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition - 1);
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (announcementNextBtn) {
|
||
announcementNextBtn.onclick = function() {
|
||
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition + 1);
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
})(); </script>
|
||
<div id="ftl-article" class="trending-article-body">
|
||
<aside class="trending-sidebar" aria-labelledby="related-sidebar-heading">
|
||
<div class="trending">
|
||
<h2 id="related-sidebar-heading">Related</h2>
|
||
<div class="trending-separator"></div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="item">
|
||
<a href="/articles/nodejs-microservices-architecture" class="related-link">Node.js Microservices Architecture: A Complete Guide</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="item">
|
||
<a href="/articles/open-source-soft-skills" class="related-link">How Open Source Builds the Soft Skills Technical Leaders Need</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="item">
|
||
<a href="/articles/2026-observability-audit" class="related-link">The 2026 Observability Audit: Separating Single Vendor Silos From Community Innovation</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="item">
|
||
<a href="/articles/open-source-technical-leadership" class="related-link">How Open Source Builds the Hard Skills Technical Leaders Need</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
<div class="container-fluid body trending-article-fluid">
|
||
<div class="row">
|
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The Wake-Up Call We started noticing all the signs: Deployments were a game of Russian roulette — one test would fail, something random would break in production, and nobody could predict why.Simple features required code changes in ten places (and usually upset a few people you’d never met).Scaling meant buying more hardware for everything, even if just one piece was slow. After a couple of Friday-night firefights, we knew: the monolith had to go. But it wasn’t about chasing a trend. We wanted to ship features faster, cut risk, and give teams real ownership. Mapping the Maze (Before You Break It) Honestly, we didn’t start with shiny Kubernetes dashboards or service mesh diagrams. We sat together and mapped out our business: Bounded contexts: What are the logical pieces — pricing, promos, eligibility, inventory, vendor integrations?Real ownership: Who owns each piece? Who understands it? We gave every chunk a “product owner.”Event storming: We ran sessions (yes, with Post-its!) to uncover how data actually flowed. You’ll be surprised what you find. Biggest lesson: Don’t just split code by “feature.” Really understand your business and data first. Patterns, Gotchas, and Some Wins 1. Strangler Fig Pattern We didn’t “flip a switch.” We wrapped the monolith with APIs, rerouted traffic slowly, and retired pieces one at a time. It wasn’t always pretty, but it worked. 2. Polyglot Persistence Some microservices needed new kinds of data stores (imagine NoSQL for fast product lookups). We started with shared tables, then carefully migrated each service, using patterns like event sourcing and outbox to keep things in sync. 3. CI/CD, But for Real We set up serious continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, feature flags, blue-green deployments, and canaries. All with robust internal tools — not Jenkins or CircleCI, but our own Amazon engineering platforms. 4. Observability From the Start We built in logging, metrics, and tracing from day one — using powerful internal platforms for monitoring, not open source. (If you’re not at a big tech company, Prometheus, ELK, and Jaeger are good parallels.) Surprises (the Good, the Bad, and the Hilarious) N+1 calls: A microservice world means more network calls. We had to learn batching, async messaging (using internal equivalents to SQS/Kafka), and build our own circuit breaker with help from platform teams (think: Hystrix, but custom).Contract changes are painful: Breaking an API? Five teams will break in creative ways. We learned the hard way — backward compatibility or bust.Site reliability is a mindset: We had to learn SRE (Site Reliability Engineering) principles — track SLIs (Service Level Indicators), SLOs (Service Level Objectives), and use error budgets. “It works on my box” became “Does it work for everyone, all the time?”Docs and RFCs (Requests for Comments): Growth meant more RFCs, more onboarding docs, and clearer API specs. Overcommunication beats undercommunication. Performance Surprises Honestly, some things got slower at first! Network latency and cold starts are real. Picking the right protocols (our internal RPC; industry folks use gRPC or REST) and optimizing serialization paid off. Testing, Validation, and Surviving Chaos Contract tests: We used our own tools (Pact is the open-source analogy) to keep teams honest about interfaces.Synthetic testing: Simulated journeys caught things early.Chaos engineering: Fault injection (like Gremlin, but internal) showed us where we’d break — and helped us build real resilience. The Human Side DevOps for real: Owning your code to production and being on call will make you care about quality. Trust me.APIs as products: We treated every service like a product — clear docs, real support, office hours.Talk, talk, talk: More Slack, more RFCs, more reviews. And, yes, more fun learning from each other. Did It Work? Deployment velocity: 5x faster. Teams ship independently now.Failure isolation: One crash doesn’t take down the world.Business agility: New features ship faster, and A/B testing is the norm. But let’s be real: distributed transactions, service discovery — those are still hard. Microservices aren’t magic, but they gave us the flexibility we needed. Final Thoughts Breaking up a monolith isn’t just about code — it’s about culture, trust, and real teamwork. If you get the people and process right, the architecture follows. Want to chat about microservices or share your own war stories? Let’s connect!",
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<p>Moving from a monolith to microservices is messy but worth it — expect surprises, invest in automation, and focus on team culture as much as code.</p>
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By<span style="user-select: none;"> </span>
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<a href="/users/5345153/shushyam.html" rel="nofollow" data-core-user="false">Shushyam Malige Sharanappa</a>
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<div class="content-html"><p data-end="514" data-start="184">If you’ve ever been nervous about deploying code on a Friday, trust me — you’re not alone. A few years ago, I was leading a team at a major e-commerce company, wrangling a monolithic beast that could break in a hundred creative ways. The idea of microservices was everywhere, but nobody really tells you about the messy parts.</p>
|
||
<p data-end="614" data-start="516">Here’s what we learned the hard way — warts and all — while moving from <a href="https://dzone.com/articles/why-you-should-move-from-monolith-to-microservices">monolith to microservices</a>.</p>
|
||
<blockquote data-end="941" data-start="616">
|
||
<p data-end="941" data-start="618"><em data-end="941" data-start="618">Quick disclaimer: All tools mentioned here — Kafka, SQS, Hystrix, Prometheus, ELK, Jaeger, etc. — are widely known in the industry. In reality, we relied on powerful internal platforms and services built by our company’s engineering teams. Think of these as public parallels, not the specifics of what we used internally.</em></p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<h2 data-end="968" data-start="948">The Wake-Up Call</h2>
|
||
<p data-end="1004" data-start="970">We started noticing all the signs:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-end="1148" data-start="1008">Deployments were a game of Russian roulette — one test would fail, something random would break in production, and nobody could predict why.</li>
|
||
<li>Simple features required code changes in ten places (and usually upset a few people you’d never met).</li>
|
||
<li data-end="1339" data-start="1255">Scaling meant buying more hardware for everything, even if just one piece was slow.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p data-end="1529" data-start="1341">After a couple of Friday-night firefights, we knew: the monolith had to go. But it wasn’t about chasing a trend. We wanted to ship features faster, cut risk, and give teams real ownership.</p>
|
||
<h2 data-end="1578" data-start="1536">Mapping the Maze (Before You Break It)</h2>
|
||
<p data-end="1709" data-start="1580">Honestly, we didn’t start with shiny Kubernetes dashboards or service mesh diagrams. We sat together and mapped out our business:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-end="1826" data-start="1713"><strong data-end="1734" data-start="1713">Bounded contexts</strong>: What are the logical pieces — pricing, promos, eligibility, inventory, vendor integrations?</li>
|
||
<li data-end="1928" data-start="1829"><strong data-end="1848" data-start="1829">Real ownership</strong>: Who owns each piece? Who understands it? We gave every chunk a “product owner.”</li>
|
||
<li data-end="2060" data-start="1931"><strong data-end="1950" data-start="1931">Event storming</strong>: We ran sessions (yes, with Post-its!) to uncover how data actually flowed. You’ll be surprised what you find.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p data-end="2161" data-start="2062">Biggest lesson: Don’t just split code by “feature.” Really understand your business and data first.</p>
|
||
<h2 data-end="2204" data-start="2168">Patterns, Gotchas, and Some Wins</h2>
|
||
<h3 data-end="2397" data-start="2206"><strong data-end="2234" data-start="2206">1. Strangler Fig Pattern</strong></h3>
|
||
<p data-end="2397" data-start="2206">We didn’t “flip a switch.” We wrapped the monolith with <a href="https://dzone.com/articles/everything-you-should-know-about-apis">APIs</a>, rerouted traffic slowly, and retired pieces one at a time. It wasn’t always pretty, but it worked.</p>
|
||
<h3 data-end="2660" data-start="2399"><strong data-end="2426" data-start="2399">2. Polyglot Persistence</strong></h3>
|
||
<p data-end="2660" data-start="2399">Some microservices needed new kinds of data stores (imagine NoSQL for fast product lookups). We started with shared tables, then carefully migrated each service, using patterns like event sourcing and outbox to keep things in sync.</p>
|
||
<h3 data-end="2925" data-start="2662"><strong data-end="2688" data-start="2662">3. CI/CD, But for Real</strong></h3>
|
||
<p data-end="2925" data-start="2662">We set up serious continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, feature flags, blue-green deployments, and canaries. All with robust internal tools — not Jenkins or CircleCI, but our own Amazon engineering platforms.</p>
|
||
<h3 data-end="3175" data-start="2927"><strong data-end="2962" data-start="2927">4. Observability From the Start</strong></h3>
|
||
<p data-end="3175" data-start="2927">We built in logging, metrics, and tracing from day one — using powerful internal platforms for monitoring, not open source. (If you’re not at a big tech company, Prometheus, ELK, and Jaeger are good parallels.)</p>
|
||
<h2 data-end="3234" data-start="3182">Surprises (the Good, the Bad, and the Hilarious)</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-end="3478" data-start="3238"><strong data-end="3252" data-start="3238">N+1 calls</strong>: A microservice world means more network calls. We had to learn batching, async messaging (using internal equivalents to SQS/Kafka), and build our own circuit breaker with help from platform teams (think: Hystrix, but custom).</li>
|
||
<li data-end="3629" data-start="3481"><strong data-end="3514" data-start="3481">Contract changes are painful</strong>: Breaking an API? Five teams will break in creative ways. We learned the hard way — backward compatibility or bust.</li>
|
||
<li data-end="3896" data-start="3632"><strong data-end="3666" data-start="3632">Site reliability is a mindset</strong>: We had to learn SRE (Site Reliability Engineering) principles — track SLIs (Service Level Indicators), SLOs (Service Level Objectives), and use error budgets. “It works on my box” became “Does it work for everyone, all the time?”</li>
|
||
<li data-end="4054" data-start="3899"><strong data-end="3941" data-start="3899">Docs and RFCs (Requests for Comments)</strong>: Growth meant more RFCs, more onboarding docs, and clearer API specs. Overcommunication beats undercommunication.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 data-end="4086" data-start="4061">Performance Surprises</h2>
|
||
<p data-end="4291" data-start="4088">Honestly, some things got slower at first! Network latency and cold starts are real. Picking the right protocols (our internal RPC; industry folks use <a href="https://dzone.com/articles/grpc-vs-rest">gRPC or REST</a>) and optimizing serialization paid off.</p>
|
||
<h2 data-end="4342" data-start="4298">Testing, Validation, and Surviving Chaos</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-end="4460" data-start="4346"><strong data-end="4365" data-start="4346">Contract tests</strong>: We used our own tools (Pact is the open-source analogy) to keep teams honest about interfaces.</li>
|
||
<li data-end="4525" data-start="4463"><strong data-end="4485" data-start="4463">Synthetic testing</strong>: Simulated journeys caught things early.</li>
|
||
<li data-end="4661" data-start="4528"><strong data-end="4550" data-start="4528">Chaos engineering</strong>: Fault injection (like Gremlin, but internal) showed us where we’d break — and helped us build real resilience.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 data-end="4686" data-start="4668">The Human Side</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-end="4805" data-start="4690"><strong>DevOps for real</strong>: Owning your code to production and being on call will make you care about quality. Trust me.</li>
|
||
<li data-end="4911" data-start="4808"><strong data-end="4829" data-start="4808">APIs as products</strong>: We treated every service like a product — clear docs, real support, office hours.</li>
|
||
<li data-end="5017" data-start="4914"><strong data-end="4935" data-start="4914">Talk, talk, talk</strong>: More Slack, more RFCs, more reviews. And, yes, more fun learning from each other.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 data-end="5040" data-start="5024">Did It Work?</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-end="5109" data-start="5044"><strong data-end="5068" data-start="5044">Deployment velocity</strong>: 5x faster. Teams ship independently now.</li>
|
||
<li data-end="5173" data-start="5112"><strong data-end="5134" data-start="5112">Failure isolation</strong>: One crash doesn’t take down the world.</li>
|
||
<li data-end="5252" data-start="5176"><strong data-end="5197" data-start="5176">Business agility</strong>: New features ship faster, and A/B testing is the norm.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p data-end="5412" data-start="5254">But let’s be real: distributed transactions, service discovery — those are still hard. Microservices aren’t magic, but they gave us the flexibility we needed.</p>
|
||
<h2 data-end="5436" data-start="5419">Final Thoughts</h2>
|
||
<p data-end="5597" data-start="5438">Breaking up a monolith isn’t just about code — it’s about culture, trust, and real teamwork. If you get the people and process right, the architecture follows.</p>
|
||
<p data-end="5906" data-start="5825"><em data-end="5906" data-start="5825">Want to chat about microservices or share your own war stories? Let’s connect!</em></p></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bottom-bumper-container"></div>
|
||
<div class="article-tag-pill-container">
|
||
<span class="article-tag-pill">Open source</span>
|
||
<span class="article-tag-pill">Site reliability engineering</span>
|
||
<span class="article-tag-pill">microservices</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="attribution">
|
||
<p>Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.</p>
|
||
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|
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<a href="/articles/nodejs-microservices-architecture" class="goto-link related-link">Node.js Microservices Architecture: A Complete Guide</a>
|
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</li>
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<a href="/articles/open-source-soft-skills" class="goto-link related-link">How Open Source Builds the Soft Skills Technical Leaders Need</a>
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<a href="/articles/2026-observability-audit" class="goto-link related-link">The 2026 Observability Audit: Separating Single Vendor Silos From Community Innovation</a>
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<a href="/articles/open-source-technical-leadership" class="goto-link related-link">How Open Source Builds the Hard Skills Technical Leaders Need</a>
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<button x-show="option.canDisplay" x-text="option.text"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
x-bind:id="'button_modal_engagement_error_' + option.index"
|
||
x-bind:class="option.classList"
|
||
x-on:click="option.onClick"
|
||
x-bind:disabled="option.isDisabled"
|
||
></button>
|
||
</template>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
|
||
Alpine.store("modal_engagement_error", {
|
||
_open: false,
|
||
title: "Oops! Something Went Wrong",
|
||
bodyText: null,
|
||
options: [{"action":"dismiss","text":"Close"}],
|
||
closeable: true,
|
||
dismissible: true,
|
||
open(data) {
|
||
if (data) {
|
||
if (data.title) {
|
||
this.title = data.title;
|
||
}
|
||
if (data.bodyText) {
|
||
this.bodyText = data.bodyText;
|
||
}
|
||
if (data.options) {
|
||
this.options = data.options;
|
||
}
|
||
if (data.dismissAfterMs) {
|
||
setTimeout(() => this._open = false, data.dismissAfterMs);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
this.updateOptions();
|
||
this._open = true;
|
||
},
|
||
close() {
|
||
// Manually click the buttons in which should run on dismiss.
|
||
// This is to keep the context. Calling this[option.action]() will not work.
|
||
for (let option of this.options) {
|
||
if (option.runOnDismiss) {
|
||
const element = document.querySelector('#button_modal_engagement_error_' + option.index);
|
||
element.click();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
this._open = false;
|
||
},
|
||
updateOptions() {
|
||
const btnStyle = this.options.length === 2 ? ' btn-default' : '';
|
||
this.options = this.options.map((o, idx) => ({
|
||
...o,
|
||
index: idx,
|
||
classList: o.classList ? o.classList : (idx === 0 ? "btn btn-primary hov-brighten" : "btn hov-underline" + btnStyle),
|
||
onClick: function() {
|
||
if (o.action !== "dismiss") {
|
||
this[o.action]();
|
||
}
|
||
this.$store["modal_engagement_error"].close();
|
||
},
|
||
isDisabled: function() {
|
||
return Object.hasOwn(o, 'disabled') && this[o.disabled]();
|
||
},
|
||
canDisplay: function() {
|
||
return !Object.hasOwn(o, 'condition') || this[o.condition]();
|
||
}
|
||
}));
|
||
},
|
||
init() {
|
||
this.updateOptions();
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/footer/styles.css">
|
||
|
||
<div id="ftl-footer">
|
||
<div class="container-fluid footerOuter" style="padding-bottom: 90px;">
|
||
<div class="row">
|
||
<div class="col-md-12">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div class="row footer">
|
||
<div class="col-md-12 footerWidget">
|
||
<div class="row footerContainer footer">
|
||
<div class="left col-xs-12 col-sm-7">
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 social-media-icons footer-mobile">
|
||
<ul class="icons-only">
|
||
<li class="rss-icon" id="rss-footer-1">
|
||
<a href="/pages/feeds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-4 h-4 mt-1.75 fill-current" aria-label="Follow our RSS feeds">
|
||
<title>RSS</title>
|
||
<path d="M19.199 24C19.199 13.467 10.533 4.8 0 4.8V0c13.165 0 24 10.835 24 24h-4.801zM3.291 17.415c1.814 0 3.293 1.479 3.293 3.295 0 1.813-1.485 3.29-3.301 3.29C1.47 24 0 22.526 0 20.71s1.475-3.294 3.291-3.295zM15.909 24h-4.665c0-6.169-5.075-11.245-11.244-11.245V8.09c8.727 0 15.909 7.184 15.909 15.91z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="twitter-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://twitter.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on X">
|
||
<title>X</title>
|
||
<path d="M14.234 10.162 22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532.929 1.329 7.754 11.09h-3.182z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="facebook-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook">
|
||
<title>Facebook</title>
|
||
<path d="M9.101 23.691v-7.98H6.627v-3.667h2.474v-1.58c0-4.085 1.848-5.978 5.858-5.978.401 0 .955.042 1.468.103a8.68 8.68 0 0 1 1.141.195v3.325a8.623 8.623 0 0 0-.653-.036 26.805 26.805 0 0 0-.733-.009c-.707 0-1.259.096-1.675.309a1.686 1.686 0 0 0-.679.622c-.258.42-.374.995-.374 1.752v1.297h3.919l-.386 2.103-.287 1.564h-3.246v8.245C19.396 23.238 24 18.179 24 12.044c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.628 3.874 10.35 9.101 11.647Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="linkedin-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dzone/" target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn">
|
||
<path d="M6.20062 21.2143H1.84688V7.194H6.20062V21.2143ZM4.02141 5.2815C2.62922 5.2815 1.5 4.12838 1.5 2.73619C1.5 2.06747 1.76565 1.42614 2.2385 0.953285C2.71136 0.48043 3.35269 0.214783 4.02141 0.214783C4.69012 0.214783 5.33145 0.48043 5.80431 0.953285C6.27716 1.42614 6.54281 2.06747 6.54281 2.73619C6.54281 4.12838 5.413 5.2815 4.02141 5.2815ZM22.4953 21.2143H18.1509V14.3893C18.1509 12.7628 18.1181 10.6768 15.8873 10.6768C13.6237 10.6768 13.2769 12.444 13.2769 14.2721V21.2143H8.92781V7.194H13.1034V9.1065H13.1644C13.7456 8.00494 15.1655 6.84244 17.2838 6.84244C21.69 6.84244 22.5 9.744 22.5 13.5128V21.2143H22.4953Z" fill="currentColor"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="top-section col-xs-12">
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
|
||
<p class="section-header">ABOUT US</p>
|
||
<ul class="link-group">
|
||
<li><a href="/pages/about" rel="noreferrer noopener">About DZone</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#24575154544b565064405e4b4a410a474b49" rel="noreferrer noopener">Support and feedback</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/pages/dzone-community-research">Community research</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
|
||
<p class="section-header">ADVERTISE</p>
|
||
<ul class="link-group">
|
||
<li><a href="https://advertise.dzone.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Advertise with DZone</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bottom-section col-xs-12">
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
|
||
<p class="section-header">CONTRIBUTE ON DZONE</p>
|
||
<ul class="bottom-top-list link-group">
|
||
<li><a href="/articles/dzones-article-submission-guidelines">Article Submission Guidelines</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/pages/contribute" rel="noreferrer noopener">Become a Contributor</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/pages/core" rel="noreferrer noopener">Core Program</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/writers-zone" rel="noreferrer noopener">Visit the Writers' Zone</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p class="section-header">LEGAL</p>
|
||
<ul class="link-group">
|
||
<li><a href="https://technologyadvice.com/terms-conditions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Terms of Service</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://technologyadvice.com/privacy-policy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Privacy Policy</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
|
||
<p class="section-header">CONTACT US</p>
|
||
<ul class="link-group">
|
||
<li>3343 Perimeter Hill Drive</li>
|
||
<li>Suite 215</li>
|
||
<li>Nashville, TN 37211</li>
|
||
<li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#14676164647b666054706e7b7a713a777b79" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0e7d7b7e7e617c7a4e6a7461606b206d6163">[email protected]</span></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="right col-xs-12 col-sm-5">
|
||
|
||
<p class="connect-text">Let's be friends:</p>
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 social-media-icons footer-wide">
|
||
<ul class="icons-only">
|
||
<li class="rss-icon" id="rss-footer-1">
|
||
<a href="/pages/feeds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow our RSS feeds">
|
||
<title>RSS</title>
|
||
<path d="M19.199 24C19.199 13.467 10.533 4.8 0 4.8V0c13.165 0 24 10.835 24 24h-4.801zM3.291 17.415c1.814 0 3.293 1.479 3.293 3.295 0 1.813-1.485 3.29-3.301 3.29C1.47 24 0 22.526 0 20.71s1.475-3.294 3.291-3.295zM15.909 24h-4.665c0-6.169-5.075-11.245-11.244-11.245V8.09c8.727 0 15.909 7.184 15.909 15.91z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="twitter-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://twitter.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on X">
|
||
<title>X</title>
|
||
<path d="M14.234 10.162 22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532.929 1.329 7.754 11.09h-3.182z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="facebook-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook">
|
||
<title>Facebook</title>
|
||
<path d="M9.101 23.691v-7.98H6.627v-3.667h2.474v-1.58c0-4.085 1.848-5.978 5.858-5.978.401 0 .955.042 1.468.103a8.68 8.68 0 0 1 1.141.195v3.325a8.623 8.623 0 0 0-.653-.036 26.805 26.805 0 0 0-.733-.009c-.707 0-1.259.096-1.675.309a1.686 1.686 0 0 0-.679.622c-.258.42-.374.995-.374 1.752v1.297h3.919l-.386 2.103-.287 1.564h-3.246v8.245C19.396 23.238 24 18.179 24 12.044c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.628 3.874 10.35 9.101 11.647Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="linkedin-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dzone/" target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn">
|
||
<path d="M6.20062 21.2143H1.84688V7.194H6.20062V21.2143ZM4.02141 5.2815C2.62922 5.2815 1.5 4.12838 1.5 2.73619C1.5 2.06747 1.76565 1.42614 2.2385 0.953285C2.71136 0.48043 3.35269 0.214783 4.02141 0.214783C4.69012 0.214783 5.33145 0.48043 5.80431 0.953285C6.27716 1.42614 6.54281 2.06747 6.54281 2.73619C6.54281 4.12838 5.413 5.2815 4.02141 5.2815ZM22.4953 21.2143H18.1509V14.3893C18.1509 12.7628 18.1181 10.6768 15.8873 10.6768C13.6237 10.6768 13.2769 12.444 13.2769 14.2721V21.2143H8.92781V7.194H13.1034V9.1065H13.1644C13.7456 8.00494 15.1655 6.84244 17.2838 6.84244C21.69 6.84244 22.5 9.744 22.5 13.5128V21.2143H22.4953Z" fill="currentColor"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script>
|
||
const articleId = 3571609;
|
||
const likes = 4;
|
||
const assetDomain = 'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com';
|
||
const codemirrorVars = {
|
||
modeURI: 'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/mode/',
|
||
requiredScripts: [
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/lib/codemirror.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/addon/mode/overlay.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/addon/mode/multiplex.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/mode/meta.js'
|
||
]
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const gptTags = {
|
||
'zone': 'Microservices',
|
||
'topicTag': 'Open source,Site reliability engineering,microservices',
|
||
'company': '',
|
||
'siteSection': 'Zones',
|
||
'articleCategory': 'analysis',
|
||
'nodeID': '3571609',
|
||
'authorID': '5345153',
|
||
'publishYear': '2025',
|
||
'publishMonth': '07',
|
||
'jobRole': '',
|
||
'companySize': '',
|
||
'env': 'prod'
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const minCommentChar = 10;
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script async>const width = window.innerWidth;
|
||
|
||
const metadata = {
|
||
'top': {
|
||
'position': 'top',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_article_billboard_new',
|
||
},
|
||
'sponsorLogo': {
|
||
'position': 'zoneHomepage',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_sponsor_logo',
|
||
'refreshable': false
|
||
},
|
||
'sidebar1': {
|
||
'position': 'sidebar',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_article_halfpage_new',
|
||
'minWidthToShow': 1024
|
||
},
|
||
'topBumper': {
|
||
'position': 'top',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_bumper_text_ad',
|
||
'minWidthToShow': 1024
|
||
},
|
||
'bottomBumper': {
|
||
'position': 'bottom',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_bumper_text_ad',
|
||
'minWidthToShow': 1024
|
||
},
|
||
'bottom': {
|
||
'position': 'bottom',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_article_bottom',
|
||
},
|
||
'bottomStickyFooter': {
|
||
'position': 'sticky',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_sticky_footer_leaderboard',
|
||
},
|
||
'partner': {
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_partner_resource_link',
|
||
},
|
||
'branded': {
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_branded_content',
|
||
'refreshable': false
|
||
},
|
||
'topicBillboard': {
|
||
'position': ['top', 'zoneHomepage'],
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_topic_billboard',
|
||
},
|
||
'listPageSidebar': {
|
||
'position': 'sidebar',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_sidebar',
|
||
'minWidthToShow': 1024
|
||
},
|
||
'topListPageLeaderboard2': {
|
||
'position': ['top', 'zoneList'],
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_leaderboard_2',
|
||
},
|
||
'bottomListPageLeaderboard2': {
|
||
'position': ['bottom', 'zoneList'],
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_leaderboard_2',
|
||
},
|
||
'homepageLeaderboard': {
|
||
'position': 'top',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_leaderboard',
|
||
},
|
||
'homepageLeaderboard2': {
|
||
'position': 'bottom',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_leaderboard_2',
|
||
},
|
||
'skybox': {
|
||
'position': 'above nav',
|
||
'slot': 'dz_skybox',
|
||
'refreshable': false
|
||
},
|
||
'inline': {
|
||
'position': 'inline',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_inline-article-display',
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
var campaign = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("adTargeting_campaign");
|
||
|
||
window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] };
|
||
|
||
if (campaign) {
|
||
window.googletag.cmd.push(function() {
|
||
window.googletag.setConfig({ targeting: { campaign }});
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
let lastHeader = null;
|
||
|
||
const topContainer = document.querySelector('#top-bumper-container');
|
||
const bottomContainer = document.querySelector('#bottom-bumper-container');
|
||
|
||
function GAM_getPersistentValue(key) {
|
||
const stored = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key));
|
||
|
||
if (!stored) {
|
||
return null;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const { value, expiration } = stored;
|
||
|
||
if (expiration && Date.now() >= expiration) {
|
||
localStorage.removeItem(key);
|
||
return null;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return value;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function GAM_setPersistentValue(key, value, expiration) {
|
||
// 5 minutes from now
|
||
if (!expiration) {
|
||
expiration = Date.now() + 300000;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const storedValue = JSON.stringify({
|
||
value: value,
|
||
expiration: expiration
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
localStorage.setItem(key, storedValue);
|
||
|
||
return value;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function GAM_synchronousRequest(params) {
|
||
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
|
||
xhr.open('GET', params.url, false);
|
||
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
|
||
|
||
if (typeof params.auth_header !== "undefined") {
|
||
xhr.setRequestHeader("Authorization", params.auth_header);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
xhr.send(null);
|
||
if (xhr.status === 200) {
|
||
return xhr.responseText;
|
||
} else {
|
||
throw new Error('Request failed: ' + xhr.statusText);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function GAM_fetch_data(params) {
|
||
let stored_data = GAM_getPersistentValue(params.storage_key);
|
||
|
||
if (stored_data === null) {
|
||
try {
|
||
const response = GAM_synchronousRequest(params);
|
||
const data = JSON.parse(response);
|
||
|
||
// Store and expire after 30 minutes
|
||
return GAM_setPersistentValue(params.storage_key, data, Date.now() + 1800000);
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
console.error('Could not get ' + params.storage_key + ' data: ' + error);
|
||
return null;
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
return stored_data;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function GAM_setUpSixSenseTargeting() {
|
||
let meData = GAM_fetch_data({
|
||
url: "https://link.technologyadvice.com/_me",
|
||
storage_key: "ta_me_data"
|
||
});
|
||
let sixSenseData = GAM_fetch_data({
|
||
url: "https://epsilon.6sense.com/v3/company/details",
|
||
auth_header: "Token d20a1b0e892442270cbc4cb6801c0160d28af04c",
|
||
storage_key: "ta_6s_data"
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
function meDataIncludes(i) {
|
||
return meData.tags.includes(i);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (typeof meData !== "undefined" && meData !== null) {
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("visitor_id", meData.vid);
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user_agent", meData.user_agent);
|
||
|
||
var tags_mapping = {
|
||
"is_datacenter": ["site.is-datacenter"],
|
||
"is_suspected_bot": ["site.suspected-bad-bot", "site.bad-bot"],
|
||
"is_ta_user": ["site.is-ta-user"],
|
||
"is_crawler": ["site.user-agent-blocked"],
|
||
"is_ad_blocked": ["site.is-ad-blocked"],
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
for (var key in tags_mapping) {
|
||
if (tags_mapping[key].some(meDataIncludes)) {
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(key, 'true');
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (typeof sixSenseData !== "undefined" && sixSenseData !== null) {
|
||
var segment_ids = [];
|
||
if (sixSenseData.segments && sixSenseData.segments.ids && sixSenseData.segments.ids.length) {
|
||
sixSenseData.segments.ids.forEach(function (v) {
|
||
segment_ids.push(v.toString());
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
if (typeof segment_ids !== "undefined" && segment_ids.length > 0) {
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("segment_ids_6si", segment_ids);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (width >= 1024 && (topContainer || bottomContainer)) {
|
||
// Dynamically create bumper ad slots for non-mobile devices.
|
||
// Prevents ugly dividers being rendered on empty ad slots (mobile)
|
||
const topBumper = document.createElement('div');
|
||
topBumper.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-3';
|
||
topBumper.classList.add('article-bumper', 'article-bumper-top', 'dz2_bumper_text_ad');
|
||
topBumper.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'topBumper');
|
||
|
||
topContainer.appendChild(topBumper);
|
||
|
||
const bottomBumper = document.createElement('div');
|
||
bottomBumper.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-4';
|
||
bottomBumper.classList.add('article-bumper', 'article-bumper-bottom', 'dz2_bumper_text_ad');
|
||
bottomBumper.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'bottomBumper');
|
||
|
||
bottomContainer.appendChild(bottomBumper);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (gptTags.zone) {
|
||
gptTags.zone = gptTags.zone.replaceAll(/[\s/]/g, '_')
|
||
.replaceAll(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g, '')
|
||
.toLowerCase();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
makeAds();
|
||
|
||
function handleSkybox() {
|
||
const skybox = document.querySelector('div.skybox');
|
||
if (skybox) {
|
||
document.body.classList.add('skybox-auto-collapse');
|
||
// observe classlist changes for offsetting sticky ads
|
||
const observer = new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
|
||
mutations.forEach((mutation) => {
|
||
if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && mutation.attributeName === 'class') {
|
||
let offset = 0;
|
||
if (!document.body.classList.contains('skybox-closed') && (
|
||
document.body.classList.contains('ccad-skybox-manualcollapse')
|
||
|| document.body.classList.contains('ccad-skybox-manualexpand')
|
||
)) {
|
||
offset = skybox.getBoundingClientRect().height;
|
||
}
|
||
let eligibleAds = [
|
||
{ element: document.querySelector('.content-right-images'), offset: 108 },
|
||
{ element: document.querySelector('.trending-sidebar'), offset: 88 },
|
||
{ element: document.querySelector('.trending'), offset: 88 }
|
||
];
|
||
for (let ad of eligibleAds) {
|
||
if (ad.element) {
|
||
ad.element.style.top = (ad.offset + offset) + 'px';
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
observer.observe(document.body, { attributes: true });
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function isHeaderEligible(header) {
|
||
const range = document.createRange();
|
||
range.setStartAfter(lastHeader);
|
||
range.setEndBefore(header);
|
||
|
||
return range.toString().trim().length >= 600;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function placeInlineAds() {
|
||
const excludedContent = document.querySelectorAll('#ftl-article.branded-content, #ftl-article.sponsored');
|
||
|
||
if (excludedContent.length > 0) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const headers = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.content-html h2')).splice(1);
|
||
|
||
let globalIndex = 12;
|
||
|
||
for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
|
||
if (!lastHeader || isHeaderEligible(headers[i])) {
|
||
const element = document.createElement('div');
|
||
element.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-' + globalIndex;
|
||
element.classList.add('inline-display', 'dz2_inline-article-display');
|
||
element.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'inline');
|
||
headers[i].before(element);
|
||
lastHeader = element;
|
||
globalIndex++;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function makeAds() {
|
||
handleSkybox();
|
||
placeInlineAds();
|
||
|
||
const script = document.createElement('script');
|
||
script.src = 'https://i6ByW9Zmz4ncxhHkb.ay.delivery/manager/i6ByW9Zmz4ncxhHkb';
|
||
script.type = 'text/javascript';
|
||
script.referrerPolicy = 'no-referrer-when-downgrade';
|
||
|
||
document.head.appendChild(script);
|
||
|
||
window.googletag.cmd.push(function() {
|
||
const containers = document.querySelectorAll('div[data-gpt-slot]');
|
||
|
||
for (let container of containers) {
|
||
const div = container.getAttribute('data-gpt-slot');
|
||
const meta = metadata[div];
|
||
|
||
if (meta.minWidthToShow && width < meta.minWidthToShow) {
|
||
continue;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting('hostname', window.location.hostname);
|
||
|
||
Object.keys(gptTags).forEach(function(key) {
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(key, gptTags[key]);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', (event) => {
|
||
window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
|
||
var slotId = event.slot.getSlotElementId();
|
||
|
||
if (!slotId.includes('__ayManagerEnv__')) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var className = slotId.split('__ayManagerEnv__')[0];
|
||
var slotName = className.replace('dz2_', '').replace('dz_', '').replace(/_\d+$/, '');
|
||
var unitName = meta.slot.replace('dz2_', '').replace('dz_', '').replace(/_\d+$/, '');
|
||
|
||
if (slotName !== unitName) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var elem = document.getElementById(slotId);
|
||
|
||
if (!elem) {
|
||
console.warn('Ad element missing', slotId);
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Ad unit did not fill, collapse slot
|
||
if (event.isEmpty && elem.parentElement) {
|
||
elem.parentElement.style.display = 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
GAM_setUpSixSenseTargeting();
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script async>// InMobi Choice. Consent Manager Tag v3.0 (for TCF 2.2)
|
||
!function(){var e=window.location.hostname,t=document.createElement("script"),n=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],a="https://cmp.inmobi.com".concat("/choice/","vPn77x7pBG57Y","/","dzone.com","/choice.js?tag_version=V3"),p=0;t.async=!0,t.type="text/javascript",t.src=a,n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n),function(){for(var e,t="__tcfapiLocator",n=[],a=window;a;){try{if(a.frames[t]){e=a;break}}catch(e){}if(a===window.top)break;a=a.parent}e||(!function e(){var n=a.document,p=!!a.frames[t];if(!p)if(n.body){var s=n.createElement("iframe");s.style.cssText="display:none",s.name=t,n.body.appendChild(s)}else setTimeout(e,5);return!p}(),a.__tcfapi=function(){var e,t=arguments;if(!t.length)return n;if("setGdprApplies"===t[0])t.length>3&&2===t[2]&&"boolean"==typeof t[3]&&(e=t[3],"function"==typeof t[2]&&t[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===t[0]){var a={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof t[2]&&t[2](a)}else"init"===t[0]&&"object"==typeof t[3]&&(t[3]=Object.assign(t[3],{tag_version:"V3"})),n.push(t)},a.addEventListener("message",(function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data,n={};try{n=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){}var a=n.__tcfapiCall;a&&window.__tcfapi(a.command,a.version,(function(n,p){var s={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:n,success:p,callId:a.callId}};t&&(s=JSON.stringify(s)),e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(s,"*")}),a.parameter)}),!1))}(),function(){const e=["2:tcfeuv2","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:usca","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"];window.__gpp_addFrame=function(e){if(!window.frames[e])if(document.body){var t=document.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,document.body.appendChild(t)}else window.setTimeout(window.__gpp_addFrame,10,e)},window.__gpp_stub=function(){var t=arguments;if(__gpp.queue=__gpp.queue||[],__gpp.events=__gpp.events||[],!t.length||1==t.length&&"queue"==t[0])return __gpp.queue;if(1==t.length&&"events"==t[0])return __gpp.events;var n=t[0],a=t.length>1?t[1]:null,p=t.length>2?t[2]:null;if("ping"===n)a({gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}},!0);else if("addEventListener"===n){"lastId"in __gpp||(__gpp.lastId=0),__gpp.lastId++;var s=__gpp.lastId;__gpp.events.push({id:s,callback:a,parameter:p}),a({eventName:"listenerRegistered",listenerId:s,data:!0,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else if("removeEventListener"===n){for(var i=!1,o=0;o<__gpp.events.length;o++)if(__gpp.events[o].id==p){__gpp.events.splice(o,1),i=!0;break}a({eventName:"listenerRemoved",listenerId:p,data:i,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else"hasSection"===n?a(!1,!0):"getSection"===n||"getField"===n?a(null,!0):__gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(t))},window.__gpp_msghandler=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data;try{var n=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){n=null}if("object"==typeof n&&null!==n&&"__gppCall"in n){var a=n.__gppCall;window.__gpp(a.command,(function(n,p){var s={__gppReturn:{returnValue:n,success:p,callId:a.callId}};e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(s):s,"*")}),"parameter"in a?a.parameter:null,"version"in a?a.version:"1.1")}},"__gpp"in window&&"function"==typeof window.__gpp||(window.__gpp=window.__gpp_stub,window.addEventListener("message",window.__gpp_msghandler,!1),window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator"))}();var s=function(){var e=arguments;typeof window.__uspapi!==s&&setTimeout((function(){void 0!==window.__uspapi&&window.__uspapi.apply(window.__uspapi,e)}),500)};if(void 0===window.__uspapi){window.__uspapi=s;var i=setInterval((function(){p++,window.__uspapi===s&&p<3?console.warn("USP is not accessible"):clearInterval(i)}),6e3)}}();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<script async>
|
||
(function(w, d, s, l, i) {
|
||
w[l] = w[l] || [];
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||
w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'});
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||
var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';
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||
j.async = true;
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||
j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
|
||
f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
|
||
})(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-K25QL22');
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date;
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||
ga('create', 'UA-410289-1', 'auto');
|
||
ga('require', 'linkid', 'linkid.js');
|
||
ga('require', 'GTM-TSD9TZP');
|
||
ga('set', 'siteSpeedSampleRate', 25);
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script async src="https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js"></script>
|
||
<script async>var analytics = {
|
||
'dimension1': 'Microservices',
|
||
'dimension2': 'article/analysis',
|
||
'dimension3': '2025-07-03',
|
||
'dimension4': '0',
|
||
'dimension5': '',
|
||
'dimension7': 'Open source, Site reliability engineering, microservices',
|
||
'dimension8': 'shushyam',
|
||
'dimension9': 'undefined',
|
||
'dimension10': 'Amazon'
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
if (window.ga) {
|
||
Object.keys(analytics).forEach(function(key) {
|
||
window.ga('set', key, analytics[key]);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
window.ga('send', 'pageview');
|
||
}</script>
|
||
|
||
<script src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>
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||
<script async src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
function loadScript(src) {
|
||
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
|
||
const s = document.createElement('script');
|
||
s.src = src;
|
||
s.onload = resolve;
|
||
s.onerror = reject;
|
||
document.head.appendChild(s);
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function loadStyle(href) {
|
||
const link = document.createElement('link');
|
||
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
|
||
link.href = href;
|
||
document.head.appendChild(link);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function loadScriptsSync(deferred) {
|
||
var p = Promise.resolve();
|
||
for (var i = 0; i < deferred.length; i++) {
|
||
let script = deferred[i];
|
||
p = p.then(function() {
|
||
return loadScript(script);
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
return p;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function loadStyles() {
|
||
const deferred = [
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/lib/codemirror.css',
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||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/comments/styles.css',
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||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/css/froala_editor.pkgd.min.css',
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||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/css/themes/gray.min.css',
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||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/mini-profile.css'
|
||
];
|
||
|
||
for (var i = 0; i < deferred.length; i++) {
|
||
loadStyle(deferred[i]);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
window.addEventListener('load', function(_event) {
|
||
loadStyles();
|
||
|
||
loadScriptsSync([
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/lazysizes.min.js',
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||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/codeblocks.js',
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||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/activity-bar.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/js/froala_editor.pkgd.min.js',
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||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/froala/content.js',
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||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/comments/content.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/content.js'
|
||
]);
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|