Files
nexus/sreweekly/html/437-2024-08-12.html
2026-09-12 17:23:01 +08:00

460 lines
36 KiB
HTML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters
This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>SRE Weekly Issue #437 &#8211; SRE WEEKLY</title>
<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" />
<link rel="pingback" href="https://sreweekly.com/xmlrpc.php" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SRE WEEKLY &raquo; Feed" href="https://sreweekly.com/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SRE WEEKLY &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://sreweekly.com/comments/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SRE WEEKLY &raquo; SRE Weekly Issue #437 Comments Feed" href="https://sreweekly.com/sre-weekly-issue-437/feed/" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://sreweekly.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsreweekly.com%2Fsre-weekly-issue-437%2F" />
<link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://sreweekly.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsreweekly.com%2Fsre-weekly-issue-437%2F&#038;format=xml" />
<style id="wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css">
img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}
/*# sourceURL=wp-img-auto-sizes-contain-inline-css */
</style>
<style id="wp-block-library-inline-css">
:root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-break:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-color],[style*=";border-color"],[style*="; border-color"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-color],[style*=";border-top-color"],[style*="; border-top-color"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-color],[style*=";border-right-color"],[style*="; border-right-color"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-color],[style*=";border-bottom-color"],[style*="; border-bottom-color"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-color],[style*=";border-left-color"],[style*="; border-left-color"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-width],[style*=";border-width"],[style*="; border-width"]){border-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-top-width],[style*=";border-top-width"],[style*="; border-top-width"]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-right-width],[style*=";border-right-width"],[style*="; border-right-width"]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-bottom-width],[style*=";border-bottom-width"],[style*="; border-bottom-width"]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style^=border-left-width],[style*=";border-left-width"],[style*="; border-left-width"]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}
/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/common.min.css */
</style>
<style id="wp-block-paragraph-inline-css">
.is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg}
/*# sourceURL=https://sreweekly.com/wp-includes/blocks/paragraph/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id="wp-block-group-inline-css">
.wp-block-group{box-sizing:border-box}:where(.wp-block-group.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained){position:relative}
/*# sourceURL=https://sreweekly.com/wp-includes/blocks/group/style.min.css */
</style>
<style id="classic-theme-styles-inline-css">
/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}
/*# sourceURL=/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css */
</style>
<style id="global-styles-inline-css">
:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(6,147,227) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(252,185,0) 0%,rgb(255,105,0) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,105,0) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgb(255, 255, 255), 6px 6px rgb(0, 0, 0);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0);}.wp-block-button{--wp--preset--dimension--25: 25%;--wp--preset--dimension--50: 50%;--wp--preset--dimension--75: 75%;--wp--preset--dimension--100: 100%;}:where(body) { margin: 0; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;letter-spacing: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding-top: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right: calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom: calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left: calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;text-transform: inherit;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='genericons-css' href='https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/themes/frontier/includes/genericons/genericons.css?ver=1.3.5' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='frontier-main-css' href='https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/themes/frontier/style.css?ver=1.3.5' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='frontier-responsive-css' href='https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/themes/frontier/responsive.css?ver=1.3.5' media='all' />
<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://sreweekly.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1"></script>
<script id="jquery-migrate-js" src="https://sreweekly.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1"></script>
<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://sreweekly.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://sreweekly.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/1535" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://sreweekly.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 7.1" />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://sreweekly.com/sre-weekly-issue-437/" />
<link rel='shortlink' href='https://sreweekly.com/?p=1535' />
<meta property="Frontier Theme" content="1.3.5" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
#container {width: 960px;}
#header {min-height: 0px;}
#content {width: 65%;}
#sidebar-left {width: 35%;}
#sidebar-right {width: 35%;}
</style>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
.page-template-page-cs-php #content, .page-template-page-sc-php #content {width: 65%;}
.page-template-page-cs-php #sidebar-left, .page-template-page-sc-php #sidebar-left,
.page-template-page-cs-php #sidebar-right, .page-template-page-sc-php #sidebar-right {width: 35%;}
.page-template-page-scs-php #content {width: 50%;}
.page-template-page-scs-php #sidebar-left {width: 25%;}
.page-template-page-scs-php #sidebar-right {width: 25%;}
</style>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
#header {background-color:#FFFFFF;}
#nav-main {background-color:#096572;}
#nav-main .nav-main {border-left: 1px solid #003d4a; border-right: 1px solid #278390;}
#nav-main .nav-main > li, #nav-main .nav-main > ul > .page_item {border-left: 1px solid #278390; border-right: 1px solid #003d4a;}
#top-bar {background-color:#222222;}
#bottom-bar {background-color:#222222;}
#main {background-color:#F5F5F5;}
.blog-view, .single-view, .author-info, .archive-info, .form-404 {background-color:#FFFFFF;}
.blog-view.sticky {background-color:#FFDC8A;}
.frontier-widget {background-color:#FFFFFF;}
.blog-view, .comment-author-admin > .comment-body, .bypostauthor > .comment-body {border-top: 6px solid #047e90;}
.page-nav > *, .comment-nav > *, .author-info .title, .comment-reply-link, .widget-title,
.widget_search .search-submit, .widget_calendar caption {background-color:#047e90;}
.genericon {color:#047e90;}
a {color:#07525c;}
a:hover {color:#047e90;}
</style>
<style id="custom-background-css">
body.custom-background { background-image: url("https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/themes/frontier/images/honeycomb.png"); background-position: left top; background-size: auto; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }
</style>
<link rel="icon" href="https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/cropped-sreweekly-logo-axes-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" />
<link rel="icon" href="https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/cropped-sreweekly-logo-axes-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/cropped-sreweekly-logo-axes-180x180.png" />
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/cropped-sreweekly-logo-axes-270x270.png" />
<!-- Custom CSS -->
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
#header-logo {
padding: 3%;
width: 35em;
max-width: 100%;
}
H1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, #theme-link, #nav-main .nav-main a, #nav-top .nav-top a, .widget-title {
font-family: 'Roboto', Sans-serif;
}
.email_only {
display: none;
}
.pocket-post, .sreweekly-entry {
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.pocket-title A,
.sreweekly-title A,
.sreweekly-outages LI A {
font-weight: bold;
}
.entry-content H2 {
margin-top: 1em;
}
.sreweekly-outage {
list-style-type: none !important;
}
.sreweekly-footer {
font-style: italic;
text-align: center;
}
.widget-footer {
background: rgb(228,228,228);
border: 1px solid black;
//box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgb(32,32,32);
box-shadow: 0 0 2px #181818;
}
IMG.sreweekly-bio {
border: 1px solid black;
box-shadow: 0 0 2px #333;
margin-right: 1em;
margin-bottom: 0.2em;
}
.page .entry-title {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
blockquote em {
font-weight: bold;
}
.sreweekly-sponsor-message {
border: 1px solid #b0b0b0;
margin-top: 2rem;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
padding-left: 1rem;
padding-right: 1rem;
width: 80%;
align: center;
}
.sreweekly-sponsor-message h2 {
text-align: center;
font-size: 75%;
color: #979797;
}
</style>
<!-- Custom CSS End -->
<link rel='stylesheet' id='yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-public-styles-css' href='https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/plugins/yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-extender/public/css/yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-extender-public.min.css?ver=7.1' media='all' />
</head>
<body class="wp-singular post-template-default single single-post postid-1535 single-format-standard custom-background wp-theme-frontier">
<div id="container" class="cf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage">
<div id="header" class="cf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader" role="banner">
<div id="header-logo">
<a href="https://sreweekly.com/"><img src="https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sreweekly-header-axes-3.png" alt="SRE WEEKLY" /></a>
</div>
</div>
<nav id="nav-main" class="cf stack" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" role="navigation" aria-label="Main Menu">
<ul id="menu-main-menu" class="nav-main"><li id="menu-item-1487" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1487"><a href="https://sreweekly.com/about-sre-weekly-2/">About SRE Weekly</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-1488" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1488"><a href="https://sreweekly.com/bio/">Bio</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-1489" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1489"><a href="https://sreweekly.com/other-info/">Other Info</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-1490" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1490"><a href="https://sreweekly.com/sponsorship-information/">Sponsorship Information</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<div id="main" class="col-cs cf">
<div id="content" class="cf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog" role="main">
<article id="post-1535" class="single-view post-1535 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-general" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting">
<header class="entry-header cf">
<h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline" ><a href="https://sreweekly.com/sre-weekly-issue-437/">SRE Weekly Issue #437</a></h1>
</header>
<div class="entry-byline cf">
<div class="entry-date" itemprop="datePublished" >
<i class="genericon genericon-day"></i><a class="updated" href="https://sreweekly.com/sre-weekly-issue-437/">August 12, 2024</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="entry-content cf" itemprop="text" >
<p><a class="email_only" href="https://sreweekly.com/sre-weekly-issue-437/">View on sreweekly.com</a></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This week&#8217;s issue is entirely focused on the CrowdStrike incident: more details on what happened, analysis, and learnings. I&#8217;ll be back next week with a selection of all of the great stuff you folks have been writing while I&#8217;ve been off on vacation for the past two weeks<small>—</small>my RSS reader is packed with awesomeness!</p>
<div class="sreweekly-sponsor-message" style="border: 1px solid #b0b0b0; padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; width: 80%; align: center; margin: 2rem auto 2rem auto;">
<h2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 80%; color: #909090;">A message from our sponsor, <a href="https://firehydrant.com/">FireHydrant</a>:</h2>
<p>Migrate off of PagerDuty, save money, and then have all of your configuration exported as Terraform modules? We did that. We know one of the hardest parts of leaving a legacy tool is the old configuration, that&#8217;s why we dedicated time to build the Signals migrator, making it easy to switch.</p>
<p><a href="https://firehydrant.com/blog/speedrun-to-signals-automated-migrations-are-here/">https://firehydrant.com/blog/speedrun-to-signals-automated-migrations-are-here/</a></p>
</div>
<div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow">
<div class="sreweekly-entry">
<div class="sreweekly-title"><a href="https://www.crowdstrike.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Channel-File-291-Incident-Root-Cause-Analysis-08.06.2024.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CrowdStrike External Technical Root Cause Analysis — Channel File 291</a></div>
<div class="sreweekly-description">
<p>This week, CrowdStrike posted quite a bit more detail about what happened on July 19. The short of it seems to be an argument count mismatch, but as with any incident of this sort, there are multiple contributing factors.</p>
<p>The report also continues the conversation about the use of kernel mode in a product such as this, amounting to a public conversation with Microsoft that is intriguing to watch from the outside.</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>CrowdStrike</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sreweekly-entry">
<div class="sreweekly-title"><a href="https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/the-biggest-ever-global-outage-lessons?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=android&amp;r=nw9bj&amp;triedRedirect=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The biggest-ever global outage: lessons for software engineers</a></div>
<div class="sreweekly-description">
<p>This article has some interesting details about antitrust regulations(!) related to security vendors running code in kernel mode. There&#8217;s also an intriguing story of a very similar crash on Linux endpoints running CrowdStrike&#8217;s Falcon.</p>
<p>Note: this one is from a couple of weeks ago and some of its conjectures don&#8217;t quite line up with details that have been released in the interim.</p>
<p>  <small>Gergely Orosz</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sreweekly-entry">
<div class="sreweekly-title"><a href="https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/tech/StagedRolloutsLimitations" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Staged rollouts of things still have limitations</a></div>
<div class="sreweekly-description">
<p>While it mentions the CrowdStrike incident only in vague terms, this article discusses why slowly rolling out updates isn&#8217;t a universal solution and can bring its own problems.</p>
<p>  <small>Chris Siebenmann</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sreweekly-entry">
<div class="sreweekly-title"><a href="https://rachelbythebay.com/w/2024/08/03/feedback/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Feedback on feed stuff and those pesky blue screens</a></div>
<div class="sreweekly-description">
<p>Some thoughts on staged rollouts and the CrowdStrike outage:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The notion we tried to get known far and wide was &#8220;nothing goes everywhere at once&#8221;.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Note that this post was published before CrowdStrike&#8217;s RCA which subsequently confirmed that their channel file updates were not deployed through staged rollouts.</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>rachelbythebay</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sreweekly-entry">
<div class="sreweekly-title"><a href="https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/07/24/expect-it-most-when-you-expect-it-least/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Expect it most when you expect it least</a></div>
<div class="sreweekly-description">
<blockquote>
<p>[&#8230;] there may be risks in your system that haven’t manifested as minor outages.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Jumping off from the CrowdStrike incident, this one asks us to look for reliability problems in parts of our infrastructure that we&#8217;ve grown to trust.</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>Lorin Hochstein</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sreweekly-entry">
<div class="sreweekly-title"><a href="https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/08/07/crowdstrike-how-did-we-get-here/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CrowdStrike: how did we get here?</a></div>
<div class="sreweekly-description">
<p>While CrowdStrike&#8217;s RCA has quite a bit of technical detail, this post reminds us that we need a lot more context to really understand how an incident came to be.</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>Lorin Hochstein</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sreweekly-entry">
<div class="sreweekly-title"><a href="http://www.brendangregg.com/blog//2024-07-22/no-more-blue-fridays.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">No More Blue Fridays</a></div>
<div class="sreweekly-description">
<blockquote>
<p>In the future, computers will not crash due to bad software updates, even those updates that involve kernel code. In the future, these updates will push eBPF code.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I didn&#8217;t realize that Microsoft is working on eBPF for Windows.</p>
<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>Brendan Gregg</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sreweekly-entry">
<div class="sreweekly-title"><a href="https://octopus.com/blog/crowdstrike-takeaways" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lessons from Crowdstrike’s outage</a></div>
<div class="sreweekly-description">
<blockquote>
<p>This post isn&#8217;t about what Crowdstrike should have done. Instead, I use the resources to provide context and takeaways we can apply to our teams and organizations.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>  <small>Bob Walker — Octopus Deploy</small></p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<footer class="entry-footer cf">
</footer>
</article>
</div>
<div id="sidebar-right" class="sidebar cf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPSideBar" role="complementary" aria-label="Sidebar Right">
<aside id="widgets-wrap-sidebar-right">
<section id="yikes_easy_mc_widget-4" class="widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_yikes_easy_mc_widget"><h2 class="widget-title">Subscribe</h2>
<section id="yikes-mailchimp-container-1" class="yikes-mailchimp-container yikes-mailchimp-container-1 ">
<section class="yikes-mailchimp-form-description yikes-mailchimp-form-description-1">Subscribe to SRE Weekly by email. Your email address will be stored and used only to send SRE Weekly issues to you. You may unsubscribe at any time.</section> <form id="subscribe-1" class="yikes-easy-mc-form yikes-easy-mc-form-1 " method="POST" data-attr-form-id="1">
<label for="yikes-easy-mc-form-1-EMAIL" class="EMAIL-label yikes-mailchimp-field-required ">
<!-- dictate label visibility -->
<span class="EMAIL-label">
Email Address </span>
<!-- Description Above -->
<input id="yikes-easy-mc-form-1-EMAIL" name="EMAIL" placeholder="" class="yikes-easy-mc-email " required="required" type="email" value="">
<!-- Description Below -->
</label>
<!-- Honeypot Trap -->
<input type="hidden" name="yikes-mailchimp-honeypot" id="yikes-mailchimp-honeypot-1" value="">
<!-- List ID -->
<input type="hidden" name="yikes-mailchimp-associated-list-id" id="yikes-mailchimp-associated-list-id-1" value="24b1f473e5">
<!-- The form that is being submitted! Used to display error/success messages above the correct form -->
<input type="hidden" name="yikes-mailchimp-submitted-form" id="yikes-mailchimp-submitted-form-1" value="1">
<!-- Submit Button -->
<button type="submit" class="yikes-easy-mc-submit-button yikes-easy-mc-submit-button-1 btn btn-primary "> <span class="yikes-mailchimp-submit-button-span-text">Subscribe me</span></button> <!-- Nonce Security Check -->
<input type="hidden" id="yikes_easy_mc_new_subscriber_1" name="yikes_easy_mc_new_subscriber" value="7bbf53c7a4">
<input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/sre-weekly-issue-437/" />
</form>
<!-- Mailchimp Form generated by Easy Forms for Mailchimp v6.5.5 (https://wordpress.org/plugins/yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-extender/) -->
</section>
</section><section id="text-8" class="widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_text"><h2 class="widget-title">RSS</h2> <div class="textwidget"><a href="http://sreweekly.com/feed/"> Subscribe with RSS</a></div>
</section><section id="text-6" class="widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_text"><h2 class="widget-title">Mastodon</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://social.linux.pizza/@SREWeekly"> Subscribe on Mastodon</a></p>
</div>
</section><section id="search-2" class="widget-sidebar frontier-widget widget_search"><h2 class="widget-title">Search Issues</h2><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://sreweekly.com/">
<label>
<span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span>
<input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search &hellip;" value="" name="s" />
</label>
<input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" />
</form></section>
</aside>
</div></div>
<div id="bottom-bar" class="cf" role="contentinfo">
<span id="bottom-bar-text">A production of Tinker Tinker Tinker, LLC</span>
<span id="theme-link"><a href="https://ronangelo.com/frontier/">Frontier Theme</a></span>
</div>
</div>
<script type="speculationrules">
{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/frontier/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
$( '.menu-item-has-children' ).click(function(){
$( '.nav-main > .menu-item-has-children' ).not(this).removeClass( 'toggle-on' );
$(this).not().parents().removeClass( 'toggle-on' );
$(this).toggleClass( 'toggle-on' );
});
});
</script>
<script id="yikes-easy-mc-ajax-js-extra">
var yikes_mailchimp_ajax = {"ajax_url":"https://sreweekly.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","page_data":"1535","interest_group_checkbox_error":"This field is required.","preloader_url":"https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/plugins/yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-extender/includes/images/ripple.svg","loading_dots":"https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/plugins/yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-extender/includes/images/bars.svg","ajax_security_nonce":"97139b358b","feedback_message_placement":"before"};
//# sourceURL=yikes-easy-mc-ajax-js-extra
</script>
<script id="yikes-easy-mc-ajax-js" src="https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/plugins/yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-extender/public/js/yikes-mc-ajax-forms.min.js?ver=6.5.5"></script>
<script id="form-submission-helpers-js-extra">
var form_submission_helpers = {"ajax_url":"https://sreweekly.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","preloader_url":"https://sreweekly.com/wp-admin/images/wpspin_light.gif","countries_with_zip":{"US":"US","GB":"GB","CA":"CA","IE":"IE","CN":"CN","IN":"IN","AU":"AU","BR":"BR","MX":"MX","IT":"IT","NZ":"NZ","JP":"JP","FR":"FR","GR":"GR","DE":"DE","NL":"NL","PT":"PT","ES":"ES"},"page_data":"1535"};
//# sourceURL=form-submission-helpers-js-extra
</script>
<script id="form-submission-helpers-js" src="https://sreweekly.com/wp-content/plugins/yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-extender/public/js/form-submission-helpers.min.js?ver=6.5.5"></script>
</body>
</html>