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<title data-rh="true">Your codebase is a Jenga tower - by Robert Ross</title>
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pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA"><span style="min-width:0;" data-state="closed"><a href="https://substack.com/@bobbytables" class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ">Robert Ross</a></span></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA"><time datetime="2023-03-06T17:04:34.852Z" title="2023-03-06T17:04:34.852Z">Mar 06, 2023</time></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG post-ufi"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="like-button-container post-ufi-button 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aria-hidden="true" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-message-circle"><path d="M7.9 20A9 9 0 1 0 4 16.1L2 22Z"></path></svg></g></svg><div class="label">1</div></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" id="radix-P0-27" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button no-label with-border"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><div class="label">Share</div></button></div></div></div></div><div class="visibility-check"></div><div><div class="dt-post-body"><div class="available-content"><div dir="auto" class="body markup"><p>When production goes down, what's the first thing you investigate? Maybe you check Sentry for new runtime exceptions. Next, you might check logs or traces for where these exceptions originate. Eventually, you might find yourself on GitHub clicking the &quot;Closed&quot; filter on the pull request page to see the most recently merged new code and fresh production deployment. </p><p><span>I did this </span><em>every</em><span> time production broke and was responsible for responding to the incident. I've seen incidents varying from dropped production databases because rake db:drop was ran in the wrong terminal window to a Spinnaker instance redeploying three-month-old code because Redis restarted. </span></p><p>Our changes are the common catalyst for production incidents, but why?</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">The Life of a Codebase<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§the-life-of-a-codebase" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.bobbytables.io/i/106813354/the-life-of-a-codebase" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Code, and the infrastructure that runs that code, are constantly changing. Nothing can stop us when we're bushy-tailed and bright-eyed building our first features in a wide open field. And that's (sort of) right. Short of writing just lousy code, new codebases that have very few components are inherently more reliable—small projects Just Work™.</p><p>Just look at rubular.com – a long-standing website I've used countless times to write regex statements through trial and error (I hate regex). In the 13 years I've written Ruby, this website has not changed (other than the underlying Ruby version).</p><p>But only some codebases can be like Rubular. The codebases that pay the bills are under constant scrutiny from those who rely on what they provide. Customers, those damn paying customers, are the most prominent reason why codebases change. We write new code to compete, but that new code often takes on a life of its own.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Writing code is like playing Jenga, kinda.<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§writing-code-is-like-playing-jenga-kinda" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.bobbytables.io/i/106813354/writing-code-is-like-playing-jenga-kinda" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Jenga, the excellent game of wood blocks and gravity, is how I think of an evolving codebase. The tower starts as a perfectly stable grid of wood girders and excited players. The first player to go rarely has rhyme or reason for their initial move. The tower is so stable that any piece can go nearly anywhere and won't fall. But as the game progresses, the tower becomes taller and more unstable. Each player gets increasingly nervous, hoping they're not the one to make it ultimately collapse, ending the game. </p><p>Each turn in Jenga is the same as when you merge a pull request on GitHub.</p><p>There's one minor (oh so minor) difference between my Jenga analogy and writing code, though. When we write code, we're also minting new wood blocks and attempting to slot them into place. As engineering and product teams, you're given a choice on where we think we should place our next block. Do you want more features or more stability? Should you fortify any load-bearing tech debt you have?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img can-restack"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png" width="1456" height="861" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:861,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5617144,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" alt srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="sizing-normal"/></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>If we're making a new feature, the block is likely getting added to the top. If we're refactoring an old feature, we could slot our girder into the middle section. If tackling overall tower reliability, we could slot a tiny steel brick at the bottom, bringing the center of gravity down and creating more stability.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Jenga, but with a twist.<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§jenga-but-with-a-twist" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.bobbytables.io/i/106813354/jenga-but-with-a-twist" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>As a Jenga master code carpenter, you can play different blocks, and they change the dynamic of the game you're playing. I reckon you have three types of main blocks to play each turn:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Wood block</strong><span>: Create and deploy a new feature. They can be moved or added to add height to the tower each turn.</span></p></li><li><p><strong>Toil block</strong><span>: These blocks must touch at least three other blocks, </span><em>and can't be moved for at least 25 turns after being placed.</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Process block</strong><span>: These blocks can be added anywhere on the tower </span><em>but can't be moved for at least 50 turns. Also, at least 2/3rds of players must agree to the location of the process block.</em></p></li></ol><p><span>New features and code aren't the only things that stabilize your Jenga tower. Your decisions to go down a few floors and refactor girders of choices past make a considerable difference in which towers can continue to grow and which crumble and fall. Similarly, your process is a part of your change rate failure and should accommodate the height of your tower and then some, but not </span><em>too</em><span> far beyond the desired height you're trying to reach. Process blocks should be &quot;long-term ephemeral&quot; (is that a thing? I think it can be) because they can't move quickly.</span></p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Fighting gravity<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§fighting-gravity" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.bobbytables.io/i/106813354/fighting-gravity" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>That production change that took down service wasn't singularly the cause, but it was the catalyst. The mixture of changes that preceded an outage was already fighting gravity; the latest change made is the one that just took the blame. The order of the changes we made, where we put our blocks (and where we didn't), and maybe someone barely hit the table as they got up to grab another beer gave gravity its inevitable win.</p><p>But guess what? The tumbling tower of production is precisely what needed to happen to highlight where your weak spots were. Eventually, you get good enough at playing Jenga through constant trial and error to play like this.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVyK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1f7641b-0c9b-42d4-8dd9-8a9f6c4a09aa_384x480.gif" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img can-restack"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVyK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1f7641b-0c9b-42d4-8dd9-8a9f6c4a09aa_384x480.gif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVyK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1f7641b-0c9b-42d4-8dd9-8a9f6c4a09aa_384x480.gif 848w, 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href="https://substack.com/profile/35030674-billt?utm_source=substack-feed-item" showBack data-native="true" class="link-LIBpto">BillT</a></span></span></span></div></div><a data-native="true" href="https://www.bobbytables.io/p/your-codebase-is-a-jenga-tower/comment/13361208" rel="nofollow" title="Mar 6, 2023, 5:47 PM" class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ"><span class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-text-qe4AeH size-13-hZTUKr weight-regular-mUq6Gb nowrap-QngyoB reset-IxiVJZ">Mar 6, 2023</span></a></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset comment-menu-trigger-container triggerContainer-eX588u"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Ellipsis" id="radix-P0-83" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft trigger-j08Uop iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_quaternary-kpMibu"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-ellipsis"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="19" cy="12" r="1"></circle><circle cx="5" cy="12" r="1"></circle></svg></button></div></div><div class="comment-body expanded"><p><span>Well done as always, Robert. Gives me a completely different way of thinking about code and points out that incidents are part of the ecosystem and the circle of life for software. Ping me if you want to connect sometime. Cheers.</span></p></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-16 pc-paddingTop-8 pc-justifyContent-flex-start pc-alignItems-center pc-reset comment-actions withShareButton-hQzuEn"><span class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ"><a class="pencraft pc-reset link-_X6et2 link-LIBpto"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-6 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="var(--color-fg-secondary-themed)" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-message-circle"><path d="M7.9 20A9 9 0 1 0 4 16.1L2 22Z"></path></svg><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-pub-secondary-text-hGQ02T line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA comment-actions-label">Reply</div></div></a></span><span class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM 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your blocks wisely.\",\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"title\":\"Your codebase is a Jenga tower\",\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"video_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"everyone\",\"meter_type\":\"none\",\"live_stream_id\":null,\"is_published\":true,\"restacks\":0,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":0},\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"section_pins\":[],\"has_shareable_clips\":false,\"previous_post_slug\":\"incident-travel-time\",\"next_post_slug\":\"the-alerting-tool-ecosystem-is-so\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZaB5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F86e838e1-c8f5-44d4-bf56-9903cc2c4a32_2745x1624.png\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":null,\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"Play your blocks wisely.\",\"body_html\":\"<p>When production goes down, what's the first thing you investigate? Maybe you check Sentry for new runtime exceptions. Next, you might check logs or traces for where these exceptions originate. Eventually, you might find yourself on GitHub clicking the \\\"Closed\\\" filter on the pull request page to see the most recently merged new code and fresh production deployment.&nbsp;</p><p>I did this <em>every</em> time production broke and was responsible for responding to the incident. I've seen incidents varying from dropped production databases because rake db:drop was ran in the wrong terminal window to a Spinnaker instance redeploying three-month-old code because Redis restarted.&nbsp;</p><p>Our changes are the common catalyst for production incidents, but why?</p><h2>The Life of a Codebase</h2><p>Code, and the infrastructure that runs that code, are constantly changing. Nothing can stop us when we're bushy-tailed and bright-eyed building our first features in a wide open field. And that's (sort of) right. Short of writing just lousy code, new codebases that have very few components are inherently more reliable\u2014small projects Just Work\u2122.</p><p>Just look at rubular.com \u2013 a long-standing website I've used countless times to write regex statements through trial and error (I hate regex). In the 13 years I've written Ruby, this website has not changed (other than the underlying Ruby version).</p><p>But only some codebases can be like Rubular. The codebases that pay the bills are under constant scrutiny from those who rely on what they provide. Customers, those damn paying customers, are the most prominent reason why codebases change. We write new code to compete, but that new code often takes on a life of its own.</p><h2>Writing code is like playing Jenga, kinda.</h2><p>Jenga, the excellent game of wood blocks and gravity, is how I think of an evolving codebase. The tower starts as a perfectly stable grid of wood girders and excited players. The first player to go rarely has rhyme or reason for their initial move. The tower is so stable that any piece can go nearly anywhere and won't fall. But as the game progresses, the tower becomes taller and more unstable. Each player gets increasingly nervous, hoping they're not the one to make it ultimately collapse, ending the game.&nbsp;</p><p>Each turn in Jenga is the same as when you merge a pull request on GitHub.</p><p>There's one minor (oh so minor) difference between my Jenga analogy and writing code, though. When we write code, we're also minting new wood blocks and attempting to slot them into place. As engineering and product teams, you're given a choice on where we think we should place our next block. Do you want more features or more stability? 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class=\\\"lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2\\\"><polyline points=\\\"15 3 21 3 21 9\\\"></polyline><polyline points=\\\"9 21 3 21 3 15\\\"></polyline><line x1=\\\"21\\\" x2=\\\"14\\\" y1=\\\"3\\\" y2=\\\"10\\\"></line><line x1=\\\"3\\\" x2=\\\"10\\\" y1=\\\"21\\\" y2=\\\"14\\\"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>If we're making a new feature, the block is likely getting added to the top. If we're refactoring an old feature, we could slot our girder into the middle section. If tackling overall tower reliability, we could slot a tiny steel brick at the bottom, bringing the center of gravity down and creating more stability.</p><h2>Jenga, but with a twist.</h2><p>As a Jenga master code carpenter, you can play different blocks, and they change the dynamic of the game you're playing. I reckon you have three types of main blocks to play each turn:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Wood block</strong>: Create and deploy a new feature. They can be moved or added to add height to the tower each turn.</p></li><li><p><strong>Toil block</strong>: These blocks must touch at least three other blocks, <em>and can't be moved for at least 25 turns after being placed.</em></p></li><li><p><strong>Process block</strong>: These blocks can be added anywhere on the tower <em>but can't be moved for at least 50 turns. Also, at least 2/3rds of players must agree to the location of the process block.</em></p></li></ol><p>New features and code aren't the only things that stabilize your Jenga tower. Your decisions to go down a few floors and refactor girders of choices past make a considerable difference in which towers can continue to grow and which crumble and fall. Similarly, your process is a part of your change rate failure and should accommodate the height of your tower and then some, but not <em>too</em> far beyond the desired height you're trying to reach. Process blocks should be \\\"long-term ephemeral\\\" (is that a thing? I think it can be) because they can't move quickly.</p><h2>Fighting gravity</h2><p>That production change that took down service wasn't singularly the cause, but it was the catalyst. The mixture of changes that preceded an outage was already fighting gravity; the latest change made is the one that just took the blame. The order of the changes we made, where we put our blocks (and where we didn't), and maybe someone barely hit the table as they got up to grab another beer gave gravity its inevitable win.</p><p>But guess what? The tumbling tower of production is precisely what needed to happen to highlight where your weak spots were. Eventually, you get good enough at playing Jenga through constant trial and error to play like this.</p><div class=\\\"captioned-image-container\\\"><figure><a class=\\\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVyK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1f7641b-0c9b-42d4-8dd9-8a9f6c4a09aa_384x480.gif\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Image2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"image2-inset\\\"><picture><source type=\\\"image/webp\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVyK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1f7641b-0c9b-42d4-8dd9-8a9f6c4a09aa_384x480.gif 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVyK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_lossy/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe1f7641b-0c9b-42d4-8dd9-8a9f6c4a09aa_384x480.gif 848w, 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20\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke-width=\\\"1.5\\\" stroke=\\\"var(--color-fg-primary)\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\"><g><path d=\\\"M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882\\\"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex=\\\"0\\\" type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2\\\"><polyline points=\\\"15 3 21 3 21 9\\\"></polyline><polyline points=\\\"9 21 3 21 3 15\\\"></polyline><line x1=\\\"21\\\" x2=\\\"14\\\" y1=\\\"3\\\" y2=\\\"10\\\"></line><line x1=\\\"3\\\" x2=\\\"10\\\" y1=\\\"21\\\" y2=\\\"14\\\"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class=\\\"subscription-widget-wrap-editor\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.bobbytables.io/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}\\\" data-component-name=\\\"SubscribeWidgetToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"subscription-widget show-subscribe\\\"><div class=\\\"preamble\\\"><p class=\\\"cta-caption\\\">\uD83D\uDC4B\uD83C\uDFFC I\u2019m a recovering on-call engineer and CEO of FireHydrant that loves building tools developers love. </p></div><form class=\\\"subscription-widget-subscribe\\\"><input type=\\\"email\\\" class=\\\"email-input\\\" name=\\\"email\\\" placeholder=\\\"Type your email\u2026\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\"><input type=\\\"submit\\\" class=\\\"button primary\\\" value=\\\"Subscribe\\\"><div class=\\\"fake-input-wrapper\\\"><div class=\\\"fake-input\\\"></div><div class=\\\"fake-button\\\"></div></div></form></div></div>\",\"has_dynamic_content\":false,\"truncated_body_text\":\"When production goes down, what's the first thing you investigate? Maybe you check Sentry for new runtime exceptions. Next, you might check logs or traces for where these exceptions originate. Eventually, you might find yourself on GitHub clicking the \\\"Closed\\\" filter on the pull request page to see the most recently merged new code and fresh production \u2026\",\"wordcount\":861,\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"language\":\"en\",\"postTags\":[],\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[250,53,6],\"population\":198},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[119,52,26],\"population\":447},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,133,108],\"population\":14},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[165,114,88],\"population\":457},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[86,54,37],\"population\":88},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[200,154,148],\"population\":466}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":9888738,\"name\":\"Robert Ross\",\"handle\":\"bobbytables\",\"photo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a9bfdc7-f014-42ac-83af-95fc1501ea0d_1092x1638.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Software engineer. Co-founder and CEO of www.firehydrant.io\",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2023-02-16T01:42:29.325Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2023-02-16T01:31:45.320Z\",\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":27083,\"user_id\":9888738,\"publication_id\":240373,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":240373,\"name\":\"The Thought Drop\",\"subdomain\":\"bobbytables\",\"custom_domain\":\"www.bobbytables.io\",\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"Dropping some thoughts from my own mind.\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8c7ac37c-4fc3-42d0-a208-3808c2c432b9_1280x1280.png\",\"author_id\":9888738,\"primary_user_id\":9888738,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#00c2ff\",\"created_at\":\"2020-12-16T18:21:33.097Z\",\"email_from_name\":null,\"copyright\":\"Robert Ross\",\"founding_plan_name\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}},{\"id\":7640700,\"user_id\":9888738,\"publication_id\":7488655,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":false,\"publication\":{\"id\":7488655,\"name\":\"The Technical Founder\",\"subdomain\":\"thetechnicalfounder\",\"custom_domain\":null,\"custom_domain_optional\":false,\"hero_text\":\"The Technical Founder is a place where company building is talked about with a technical lens on. Handwritten by Robert Ross.\",\"logo_url\":\"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a9bfdc7-f014-42ac-83af-95fc1501ea0d_1092x1638.jpeg\",\"author_id\":9888738,\"primary_user_id\":null,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#FF6719\",\"created_at\":\"2026-01-04T18:41:02.465Z\",\"email_from_name\":null,\"copyright\":\"Robert Ross\",\"founding_plan_name\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"disabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":null}}],\"twitter_screen_name\":\"bobbytables\",\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":null,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":null,\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":0,\"comment_count\":1,\"child_comment_count\":1,\"audio_items\":[{\"post_id\":106813354,\"voice_id\":\"en-US-JennyNeural\",\"audio_url\":\"https://substack-video.s3.amazonaws.com/video_upload/post/106813354/tts/6e5a9abc-029c-4d29-bf70-f585d003238a/en-US-JennyNeural.mp3\",\"type\":\"tts\",\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false},\"comments\":[{\"id\":13361208,\"body\":\"Well done as always, Robert. Gives me a completely different way of thinking about code and points out that incidents are part of the ecosystem and the circle of life for software. Ping me if you want to connect sometime. Cheers.\",\"body_json\":{\"type\":\"doc\",\"attrs\":{\"schemaVersion\":\"v1\"},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"text\":\"Well done as always, Robert. Gives me a completely different way of thinking about code and points out that incidents are part of the ecosystem and the circle of life for software. Ping me if you want to connect sometime. 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