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<span class>Most software oncall work requires someone to be available to respond to incidents 24x7x365. Those 24x7x365 hours and days are split up in many different ways depending on team circumstances. For example, if team members are located in different time zones, it makes sense to have team members mostly cover the oncall responsibility during their day times, as per the “follow-the-sun” schedule pattern. Another example is the common approach to reducing the number of oncall shifts any one person covers, by cross-training people over multiple oncall teams, to form one larger oncall team where each person can handle incidents from any of the sub-teams. The </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Foncallscheduler%2Ecom&amp;urlhash=aXcK&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Oncall Scheduler<!----></a></span><span class> supports flexible shift layouts to work well with many such approaches.</span><!---->
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<span class>One oncall scheduling circumstance which many people find challenging as they plan a team’s oncall work, is when a set of oncall engineers have a frequent recurring commitment outside work, which makes them unable to do oncall work at those times. Some examples of this are well addressed through the </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Foncallscheduler%2Ecom&amp;urlhash=aXcK&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Oncall Scheduler<!----></a></span><span class>’s abilities for each oncall team member to self-assign shifts, and to enter preferences for dates when they don’t want to work.</span><!---->
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<span class>For example, if one oncall engineer has recurring military reserve training leave every 3rd weekend of each month, if you’re using the </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Foncallscheduler%2Ecom&amp;urlhash=aXcK&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Oncall Scheduler<!----></a></span><span class>, that is something you probably don’t need to do anything special for when setting up how your team’s shift schedule looks. That person can make that work through self-service shift assignments. They just need to spend a few minutes every few months to self-assigning a set of future oncall shifts that work for their schedule, such that they never run the risk of being auto-assigned a shift that conflicts with their monthly leave. Alternatively, instead of self-assigning shifts for this, they could also enter preferences to avoid being auto-scheduled on the dates when they’re busy with the military training.</span><!---->
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<span class>Scheduling for Sabbath</span><!---->
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<span class>Another common example though, is not as easy to create a great schedule for: when some members of your oncall team have a weekly commitment which makes them unable to be oncall at certain times as often as every week. The most common such situation I’ve seen, is teams where one or more members observe a religious Sabbath day of rest. For example, Jewish Sabbath goes from Friday sundown until Saturday evening. People who observe this strictly cannot work during that time. How can you organize your oncall scheduling to work with a need like that?</span><!---->
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<span class>There are several options, depending on other circumstances for the team:</span><!---->
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<li><span class="font-[700]">A   </span><span class>If the rotation you’re scheduling doesn’t need a scheduled backup before or after someone is primary oncall, the simplest approach is to set up a shift layout where some shifts will not include Sabbath. This might be the case if the services this oncall supports are not critical, such that it’s ok for nobody to engage with an incident immediately if the primary oncall misses a phone call or has a personal emergency. A shift layout that could work is: Shift 1 goes Sunday 10am - Thursday 10am, and shift 2 goes Thursday 10am - Sunday 10am. Then the people who have the limitation of not working Friday and Saturday can take a few minutes every few months to self-assign enough Sunday-Thursday shifts that they’ll never get auto-assigned any shifts.</span><!----></li>
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<span class>Not having a backup oncall is an unusual situation though. Most rotations need a primary and backup oncall available at all times. Assuming you do need a backup oncall, the next best option is to set things up in a way which lets shifts still be reasonably long, while still guaranteeing that both the backup and primary responsibility of the employees which observe Sabbath, do not include Sabbath time.</span><!---->
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<li><span class="font-[700]">B   </span><span class>If there are enough oncall engineers on this team, at least &gt;10, the best approach in Oncall Scheduler, is to create two separate rotations. Each would have about half the oncall engineers for this area as members. When these rotations are synced into an alerting system such as PagerDuty, both rotations would be synced into the same alerting schedule, just as how rotations are merged into shared alerting system schedules for follow-the-sun scenarios.</span><!----></li>
<li><span class>Rotation “Avoid Sabbath” would include any engineers who observe Sabbath, plus enough other engineers to make up about half the oncall engineers. It would have a shift layout which does not include Sabbath. For example, it could have 1 shift per week Sunday 10am – Thursday 10am.</span><!----></li>
<li><span class>Rotation “includes Sabbath” would include the remaining approximate half of engineers. It would have a shift layout which includes Sabbath. For example, it could have 1 shift per week Thursday 10am – Sunday 10am.</span><!----></li>
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<span class>If you need backup coverage, and you don’t have enough oncall engineers for the area to create two separate rotations for avoid-Sabbath, and include-Sabbath, a 3rd option is to have more and shorter shifts. This comes with the drawback of spending (or “wasting”?) a lot of time on oncall handoffs, and engineer’s lives and work being more diced up with frequent switches between the normal everyday, and interrupt-driven oncall work.</span><!---->
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<li><span class="font-[700]">C   </span><span class>You could have 1 rotation with a shift layout that enables some backup+primary combinations to avoid Sabbath. Then the employees who observe Sabbath can spend a few minutes every few months self-allocating such shifts, to avoid getting auto-allocated any shifts which do include Sabbath. E.g.</span><!----></li>
<li><span class>Can observe Sabbath: Someone working shift 1: Backup Sun-Wed, Primary Wed-Fri (handing off at 10am).</span><!----></li>
<li><span class>Can </span><span class="italic">not </span><span class>observe Sabbath: Someone working shift 2: Backup Wed-Fri, Primary Fri-Sun</span><!----></li>
<li><span class>Can </span><span class="italic">not </span><span class>observe Sabbath: Someone working shift 3: Backup Fri-Sun, Primary Sun-Wed</span><!----></li>
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<span class>There is a hypothetical option D which Oncall Scheduler doesn’t support, and I'm not sure anyone would want to use. Today the </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Foncallscheduler%2Ecom&amp;urlhash=aXcK&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Oncall Scheduler<!----></a></span><span class> supports engineers being on backup duty the shift right before they are primary, or right after they are primary, or not having a backup at all. All oncall rotations I have ever seen in the industry follow one of these patterns. But for the Sabbath scenario, if you don’t think either of the solutions A, B, or C, will work for you, you could petition </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmailto%3Akristian%40timewesp%2Ecom&amp;urlhash=gayr&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>kristian@timewesp.com<!----></a></span><span class> to add a new feature to the Oncall Scheduler: support for engineers to be backup 2 shifts before they are primary, or 2 shifts after they are primary. That would enable a shift layout with 2 shifts/week, and a Sabbath-observing engineer could work shifts where (e.g.) they are backup Sun-Thurs in week 1, and primary Sun-Thurs in week 2.</span><!---->
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<span class>A drawback of option B, and the hypothetical option D, is that there would be a gap of multiple days between when someone is backup, and when they are primary. That would reduce the efficiency of both backup and primary work, as engineers would carry less context about current incidents and incident-prone work between their backup and primary oncall times. But I think that's less problematic than how option C makes the oncall shifts so short that engineers have to context switch between oncall work and other work more often.</span><!---->
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<span class>The goal of </span><span class><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Foncallscheduler%2Ecom&amp;urlhash=aXcK&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link>Oncall Scheduler<!----></a></span><span class> is to give all oncall engineers self-service control over how they are scheduled, and to make their oncall work fit in with the rest of their work and life. Solving how working oncall fits with observing Sabbath is a great example of that.</span><!---->
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<a class="reactions-menu__link text-color-text social-action-bar__button relative h-6 cursor-pointer w-full" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fscheduling-oncall-considering-sabbath-other-frequent-recurring%2F&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_like-toggle_like-cta" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_like-toggle_reactions-cta" data-parent-urn="urn:li:ugcPost:7100915863528108032" data-tracking-will-navigate>
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</icon>
<span class="social-action-bar__button-text">Like</span>
</div>
</a>
</div>
<template id="selected-reaction">
<div>
<div class="selected-reaction--LIKE flex flex-row items-center">
<img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Like" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/3tsxb73co15a9ze36f0y0vmng">
<span class="social-action-bar__button-text">Like</span>
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<div class="selected-reaction--PRAISE flex flex-row items-center">
<img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Celebrate" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/5tec0l9hykk5gezv56e7coyow">
<span class="social-action-bar__button-text">Celebrate</span>
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<div class="selected-reaction--APPRECIATION flex flex-row items-center">
<img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Support" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/7savup3gmhirulv2h5v8snx2x">
<span class="social-action-bar__button-text">Support</span>
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<div class="selected-reaction--EMPATHY flex flex-row items-center">
<img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Love" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/f4lj1wks3jt476fe5defirzg9">
<span class="social-action-bar__button-text">Love</span>
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<div class="selected-reaction--INTEREST flex flex-row items-center">
<img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Insightful" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/br7ludovnq3n7137fvqsqwljx">
<span class="social-action-bar__button-text">Insightful</span>
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<div class="selected-reaction--ENTERTAINMENT flex flex-row items-center">
<img class="inline-block align-middle relative w-3 h-3 mr-1 babybear:mr-0 mb-0.5" alt="Funny" aria-hidden="true" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6ga7ypv66xprsgreohwklur3y">
<span class="social-action-bar__button-text">Funny</span>
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</template>
<div class="relative flex select-none flex-row items-center justify-center">
<a class="social-action-bar__button !rounded-none " href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fscheduling-oncall-considering-sabbath-other-frequent-recurring%2F&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_comment-cta" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comment-cta" data-tracking-will-navigate>
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</icon>
<span class="social-action-bar__button-text">
Comment
</span>
</a>
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<code id="i18n_copy_cta_message_error" style="display: none"><!--"Something went wrong while copying to clipboard."--></code>
<div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto social-share inline-block relative select-none x-social-share " data-share-message="Share" data-share-url="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/scheduling-oncall-considering-sabbath-other-frequent-recurring?utm_source=share&amp;utm_medium=guest_desktop" data-feed-control="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_main_button" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="openShareMenu">
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<ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-[9999] bottom-[100%] top-auto" role="menu" tabindex="-1">
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<button data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_copy" class="social-share__item social-share-item" data-share-service="copy" role="menuitem">
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<span class="social-share__item-text pl-1">Copy</span>
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<button data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_linkedin" class="social-share__item social-share-item" data-share-service="linkedin" role="menuitem">
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<span class="social-share__item-text pl-1">LinkedIn</span>
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</li>
<li role="presentation">
<button data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_facebook" class="social-share__item social-share-item" data-share-service="facebook" role="menuitem">
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<span class="social-share__item-text pl-1">Facebook</span>
</button>
</li>
<li role="presentation">
<button data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_twitter" class="social-share__item social-share-item" data-share-service="twitter" role="menuitem">
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<span class="social-share__item-text pl-1">X</span>
</button>
</li>
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</ul>
<button aria-expanded="false" class="social-share__button social-share__button-square
social-share-button social-action-bar__button
social-share-button--square
" aria-label data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_social-share-intent_social-share_main_button">
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<span class="social-share__button-text-square
social-action-bar__button-text
">
Share
</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"><!--"%numReactions% Reaction"--></code>
<code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"><!--"%numReactions% Reactions"--></code>
<div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs" data-sap-comment-urn="urn:li:ugcPost:7100915863528108032">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fscheduling-oncall-considering-sabbath-other-frequent-recurring%2F&amp;trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_likes-count_social-actions-reactions" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_likes-count_social-actions-reactions" data-tracking-will-navigate class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis !no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" aria-label="1 Reaction" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="1" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" data-entity-urn="urn:li:ugcPost:7100915863528108032" tabindex="0">
<img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/bn39hirwzjqj18ej1fkz55671" height="16px" width="16px">
<span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count">
1
</span>
</a>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyfai5zw4nrqhyyhl0p7so58v"--></code>
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<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/22ifp2etz8kb9tgjqn65s9ics"--></code>
<!----> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/a0e8rff6djeoq8iympcysuqfu"--></code>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/bn39hirwzjqj18ej1fkz55671"--></code>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cryzkreqrh52ja5bc6njlrupa"--></code>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/2tzoeodxy0zug4455msr0oq0v"--></code>
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To view or add a comment, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fscheduling-oncall-considering-sabbath-other-frequent-recurring%2F&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_feed-cta-banner-cta" target="" aria-label="To view or add a comment, sign in" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_feed-cta-banner-cta" data-tracking-will-navigate="true" class="feed-cta-banner__link link">sign in</a>
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my-3 stacked-articles">
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<h2 class="core-section-container__title section-title">
More articles by TimeWeSp
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<ul class="show-more-less__list show-more-less__list--no-hidden-elems" data-impression-id="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_show-more-less">
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base-card--link
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babybear:py-1 main-article-card">
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<div class="base-main-card__media relative w-[228px] block overflow-hidden flex-shrink-0 rounded-md
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<span class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata-item babybear:text-xs">Oct 4, 2023</span>
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<h3 class="base-main-card__title line-clamp-1 font-sans text-md font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden
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base-main-card__title--link">
Automate Your Oncall Scheduling
</h3>
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<p class="base-main-card__description body-text text-color-text -mt-0.5">
In the world of IT operations and engineering, the oncall schedule is often a source of frustration and manual labor…
</p>
<!---->
<code id="i18n_reaction_singular" style="display: none"><!--"%numReactions% Reaction"--></code>
<code id="i18n_reactions_plural" style="display: none"><!--"%numReactions% Reactions"--></code>
<div class="flex items-center font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs -mt-1">
<div class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis !no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis my-1" aria-label="1 Reaction" data-separate-ctas="false" data-test-id="social-actions__reactions" data-id="social-actions__reactions" data-num-reactions="1" data-singular="%numReactions%" data-plural="%numReactions%" tabindex="0">
<img alt data-reaction-type="LIKE" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/bn39hirwzjqj18ej1fkz55671" height="16px" width="16px">
<span aria-hidden="true" class="font-normal ml-0.5" data-test-id="social-actions__reaction-count">
1
</span>
</div>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-APPRECIATION" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyfai5zw4nrqhyyhl0p7so58v"--></code>
<!----><!----> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-EMPATHY" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/asiqslyf4ooq7ggllg4fyo4o2"--></code>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-ENTERTAINMENT" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/22ifp2etz8kb9tgjqn65s9ics"--></code>
<!----> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-INTEREST" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/a0e8rff6djeoq8iympcysuqfu"--></code>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-LIKE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/bn39hirwzjqj18ej1fkz55671"--></code>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cryzkreqrh52ja5bc6njlrupa"--></code>
<code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"><!--"https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/2tzoeodxy0zug4455msr0oq0v"--></code>
<!----><!----><!----><!----> </div>
</div>
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</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
<section class="right-rail papabear:w-right-rail-width papabear:ml-column-gutter mamabear:max-w-[790px] mamabear:px-mobile-container-padding babybear:max-w-[790px] babybear:px-mobile-container-padding">
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<section class="aside-section-container mb-4 top-content-categories flex flex-col gap-y-2 babybear:mt-0 babybear:max-w-full babybear:rounded-none">
<h2 class="aside-section-container__title section-title">
Explore content categories
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<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/soft-skills-emotional-intelligence/" aria-label="Soft Skills &amp; Emotional Intelligence" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Soft Skills &amp; Emotional Intelligence</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/project-management/" aria-label="Project Management" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Project Management</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/education/" aria-label="Education" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Education</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/technology/" aria-label="Technology" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Technology</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/leadership/" aria-label="Leadership" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Leadership</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/ecommerce/" aria-label="Ecommerce" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Ecommerce</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/user-experience/" aria-label="User Experience" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>User Experience</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/recruitment-hr/" aria-label="Recruitment &amp; HR" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Recruitment &amp; HR</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/customer-experience/" aria-label="Customer Experience" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Customer Experience</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/real-estate/" aria-label="Real Estate" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Real Estate</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/marketing/" aria-label="Marketing" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Marketing</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/sales/" aria-label="Sales" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Sales</a></li>
<li><a class="pill m-0.5 !min-h-4 w-fit rounded-full hover:no-underline focus:rounded-full text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/top-content/retail-merchandising/" aria-label="Retail &amp; Merchandising" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_top_content_l1_topic_pill" data-tracking-will-navigate>Retail &amp; Merchandising</a></li>
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<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-in_ID" data-locale="in_ID" role="menuitem" lang="in_ID">
Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Italiano (Italian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-it_IT" data-locale="it_IT" role="menuitem" lang="it_IT">
Italiano (Italian)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="עברית (Hebrew)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-iw_IL" data-locale="iw_IL" role="menuitem" lang="iw_IL">
עברית (Hebrew)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="日本語 (Japanese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ja_JP" data-locale="ja_JP" role="menuitem" lang="ja_JP">
日本語 (Japanese)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="한국어 (Korean)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ko_KR" data-locale="ko_KR" role="menuitem" lang="ko_KR">
한국어 (Korean)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="मराठी (Marathi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-mr_IN" data-locale="mr_IN" role="menuitem" lang="mr_IN">
मराठी (Marathi)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Bahasa Malaysia (Malay)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ms_MY" data-locale="ms_MY" role="menuitem" lang="ms_MY">
Bahasa Malaysia (Malay)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Nederlands (Dutch)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-nl_NL" data-locale="nl_NL" role="menuitem" lang="nl_NL">
Nederlands (Dutch)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Norsk (Norwegian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-no_NO" data-locale="no_NO" role="menuitem" lang="no_NO">
Norsk (Norwegian)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pa_IN" data-locale="pa_IN" role="menuitem" lang="pa_IN">
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Polski (Polish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pl_PL" data-locale="pl_PL" role="menuitem" lang="pl_PL">
Polski (Polish)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Português (Portuguese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pt_BR" data-locale="pt_BR" role="menuitem" lang="pt_BR">
Português (Portuguese)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Română (Romanian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ro_RO" data-locale="ro_RO" role="menuitem" lang="ro_RO">
Română (Romanian)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Русский (Russian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ru_RU" data-locale="ru_RU" role="menuitem" lang="ru_RU">
Русский (Russian)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Svenska (Swedish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-sv_SE" data-locale="sv_SE" role="menuitem" lang="sv_SE">
Svenska (Swedish)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="తెలుగు (Telugu)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-te_IN" data-locale="te_IN" role="menuitem" lang="te_IN">
తెలుగు (Telugu)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="ภาษาไทย (Thai)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-th_TH" data-locale="th_TH" role="menuitem" lang="th_TH">
ภาษาไทย (Thai)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Tagalog (Tagalog)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tl_PH" data-locale="tl_PH" role="menuitem" lang="tl_PH">
Tagalog (Tagalog)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Türkçe (Turkish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tr_TR" data-locale="tr_TR" role="menuitem" lang="tr_TR">
Türkçe (Turkish)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Українська (Ukrainian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-uk_UA" data-locale="uk_UA" role="menuitem" lang="uk_UA">
Українська (Ukrainian)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-vi_VN" data-locale="vi_VN" role="menuitem" lang="vi_VN">
Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_CN" data-locale="zh_CN" role="menuitem" lang="zh_CN">
简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified))
</button>
</li>
<li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">
<!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile-->
<button aria-label="正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark
language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_TW" data-locale="zh_TW" role="menuitem" lang="zh_TW">
正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional))
</button>
</li>
<!---->
</ul>
<button class="language-selector__button select-none relative pr-2 font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-low-emphasis hover:text-color-link-hover hover:cursor-pointer focus:text-color-link-focus focus:outline-dotted focus:outline-1" aria-expanded="false" data-tracking-control-name="footer-lang-dropdown_trigger">
<span class="language-selector__label-text mr-0.5 break-words">
Language
</span>
<icon class="language-selector__label-chevron w-2 h-2 absolute top-0 right-0" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/cyolgscd0imw2ldqppkrb84vo"></icon>
</button>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<!----> </footer>
<div id="toasts" class="toasts fixed z-8 babybear:right-4 mamabear:right-4 papabear:min-h-[96px] invisible
top:auto bottom-4 left-4 papabear:w-[400px]
toasts--bottom" type="bottom">
<template id="toast-template">
<div class="toast container-raised flex
toast--bottom
transition ease-accelerate duration-xxslow
" data-id="toast">
<div class="toast__message flex flex-1 babybear:items-center mamabear:items-center papabear:items-start py-2 px-1.5" data-id="toast__message" role="alert" tabindex="-1">
<div class="toast__message-content-container" data-id="toast__message-content-container">
<p class="toast__message-content font-sans text-sm opacity-90 inline babybear:self-center mamabear:self-center papabear:self-start" data-id="toast__message-content"></p>
</div>
</div>
<button class="toast__dismiss-btn cursor-pointer babybear:self-center mamabear:self-center papabear:self-start pt-3 pb-2 papabear:py-2 pl-0.5 pr-0" data-id="toast__dismiss-btn" aria-label="Close">
<svg width="24" height="24" class="fill-color-icon"><path d="M13 4.32 9.31 8 13 11.69 11.69 13 8 9.31 4.31 13 3 11.69 6.69 8 3 4.31 4.31 3 8 6.69 11.68 3Z"></path></svg>
</button>
</div>
</template>
<template id="toast-icon-caution">
<icon class="text-color-icon-caution toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/bk9xca6x9l1fga1tbzame3i3l"></icon>
</template>
<template id="toast-icon-error">
<icon class="text-color-icon-negative toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/8c0098stai8lcqypn95r47dew"></icon>
</template>
<template id="toast-icon-gdpr">
<icon class="text-color-icon-neutral toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/a9phzx7id2abubo45lgookfd"></icon>
</template>
<template id="toast-icon-notify">
<icon class="text-color-icon-neutral toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4xg53nt8deu1y7tb1t3km8tfh"></icon>
</template>
<template id="toast-icon-success">
<icon class="text-color-icon-positive toast__icon w-3 h-3 shrink-0 mr-2" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9zhm3eh2dq7vh2muo8xnfikxh"></icon>
</template>
<template id="toast-cta">
<a class="toast__cta cta-link font-medium ml-0.5 text-sm text-inherit inline" target="_blank"></a>
</template>
</div>
<script src="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/dtrv9swzghlxpyzfyk2gsgbur" async></script>
<!---->
<script src="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/7t9tmk2nhc9brs266st08xe1t" async defer></script>
<script data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/985sqoiudwdfnuemt74raqc27" data-module-id="media-player"></script>
<!----><!---->
</body>
</html>