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class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Plan and track work</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/code-review" data-analytics-event="{"action":"code_review","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"code_review_link_platform_navbar"}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path></svg>Code Review</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Manage code changes</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/features/code-quality" data-analytics-event="{"action":"code_quality","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"code_quality_link_platform_navbar"}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-codescan-checkmark NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M10.28 6.28a.75.75 0 1 0-1.06-1.06L6.25 8.19l-.97-.97a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l1.5 1.5a.75.75 0 0 0 1.06 0l3.5-3.5Z"></path><path d="M7.5 15a7.5 7.5 0 1 1 5.807-2.754l2.473 2.474a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2.474-2.473A7.472 7.472 0 0 1 7.5 15Zm0-13.5a6 6 0 1 0 4.094 10.386.748.748 0 0 1 .293-.292 6.002 6.002 0 0 0 1.117-6.486A6.002 6.002 0 0 0 7.5 1.5Z"></path></svg>Code Quality</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Enforce quality at merge</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_dknd_">APPLICATION SECURITY</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_dknd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"github_advanced_security","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"github_advanced_security_link_platform_navbar"}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-shield-check NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="m8.533.133 5.25 1.68A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 15 3.48V7c0 1.566-.32 3.182-1.303 4.682-.983 1.498-2.585 2.813-5.032 3.855a1.697 1.697 0 0 1-1.33 0c-2.447-1.042-4.049-2.357-5.032-3.855C1.32 10.182 1 8.566 1 7V3.48a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 1.217-1.667l5.25-1.68a1.748 1.748 0 0 1 1.066 0Zm-.61 1.429.001.001-5.25 1.68a.251.251 0 0 0-.174.237V7c0 1.36.275 2.666 1.057 3.859.784 1.194 2.121 2.342 4.366 3.298a.196.196 0 0 0 .154 0c2.245-.957 3.582-2.103 4.366-3.297C13.225 9.666 13.5 8.358 13.5 7V3.48a.25.25 0 0 0-.174-.238l-5.25-1.68a.25.25 0 0 0-.153 0ZM11.28 6.28l-3.5 3.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0l-1.5-1.5a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215l.97.97 2.97-2.97a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>GitHub Advanced Security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Find and fix vulnerabilities</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/code-security" data-analytics-event="{"action":"code_security","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"code_security_link_platform_navbar"}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-code-square NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M0 1.75C0 .784.784 0 1.75 0h12.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v12.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 16H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Zm7.47 3.97a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l2 2a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-2 2a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L10.69 8 9.22 6.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06ZM6.78 6.53 5.31 8l1.47 1.47a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215l-2-2a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06l2-2a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042Z"></path></svg>Code security</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Secure your code as you build</span></span></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 NavLink-module__link__EG3d4" href="https://github.com/security/advanced-security/secret-protection" data-analytics-event="{"action":"secret_protection","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"secret_protection_link_platform_navbar"}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavLink-module__title__Q7t0p"><svg data-component="Octicon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="octicon octicon-lock NavLink-module__icon__ltGNM" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M4 4a4 4 0 0 1 8 0v2h.25c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v5.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 15h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 13.25v-5.5C2 6.784 2.784 6 3.75 6H4Zm8.25 3.5h-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v5.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-5.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM10.5 6V4a2.5 2.5 0 1 0-5 0v2Z"></path></svg>Secret protection</span><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS NavLink-module__subtitle__X4gkW">Stop leaks before they start</span></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="NavGroup-module__group__W8SqJ NavGroup-module__hasSeparator__FnMrN"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--monospace___QXHDQ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--muted___rE6mh Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ NavGroup-module__title__Wzxz2" id="_R_hknd_">EXPLORE</span><ul class="NavGroup-module__list__UCOFy" aria-labelledby="_R_hknd_"><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y 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0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0 Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--is-external___xsncV" href="https://github.blog/changelog" data-analytics-event="{"action":"changelog","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"changelog_link_platform_navbar"}" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--200____P1wy Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--antialiased___TYoXS Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--label___jM8Ty">Changelog</span><svg focusable="false" aria-label="External link" class="octicon octicon-link-external" role="img" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a class="Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link___lF11y Primer_Brand__Link-module__Link--default___VRVW0" href="https://github.com/marketplace" data-analytics-event="{"action":"marketplace","tag":"link","context":"platform","location":"navbar","label":"marketplace_link_platform_navbar"}"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ 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Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--size-small___zQrEw AuthCTAs-module__cta__WpwQq AuthCTAs-module__desktopActionGap__UZuXT AuthCTAs-module__hiddenBelowLg__BfKBw" href="/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FOperations-Incident-Board%2FPostmortem-Report-Reviews%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2F2016-07-20-pshima-stack-exchange-2016-07-20.md" data-analytics-event="{"action":"sign_in","tag":"link","context":"auth_cta","location":"header","label":"sign_in_link_auth_cta_header"}" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews/blob/master/2016-07-20-pshima-stack-exchange-2016-07-20.md","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a31ba3150b3aedbde3b7871e0d179cb6dcc666ba7e4455a229bb38b2f3cb5b9c"><span class="Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button__text___ED0bX"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--label___qrkyz Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--label-subtle___8ndWH">Sign in</span></span></a></div><a class="Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button___scH9Z Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--secondary___gHnw_ Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--size-small___zQrEw AuthCTAs-module__cta__WpwQq" href="/signup?ref_cta=Sign+up&ref_loc=header+logged+out&ref_page=%2F%3Cuser-name%3E%2F%3Crepo-name%3E%2Fblob%2Fshow&source=header-repo&source_repo=Operations-Incident-Board%2FPostmortem-Report-Reviews" data-analytics-event="{"action":"sign_up","tag":"link","context":"auth_cta","location":"header","label":"sign_up_link_auth_cta_header"}" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews/blob/master/2016-07-20-pshima-stack-exchange-2016-07-20.md","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a31ba3150b3aedbde3b7871e0d179cb6dcc666ba7e4455a229bb38b2f3cb5b9c"><span class="Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button__text___ED0bX"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--label___qrkyz Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--label-secondary___eJ0_a">Sign up</span></span></a><button class="Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button___scH9Z Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--subtle___F7pEE Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--size-small___zQrEw HeaderAppearanceSettings-module__trigger__hUheK" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-labelledby="_R_fbd_"><span class="Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button__leading-visual___jjtTe" data-testid="Button-leading-visual"><svg data-component="Octicon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-sliders Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button__icon-visual____qybb" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" display="inline-block" overflow="visible" style="vertical-align:text-bottom"><path d="M15 2.75a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h4a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Zm-8.5.75v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-4a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0V2H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H6.5Zm1.25 5.25a.75.75 0 0 0 0-1.5h-6a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5h6ZM15 8a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75H11.5V10a.75.75 0 1 1-1.5 0V6a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.25h2.75A.75.75 0 0 1 15 8Zm-9 5.25v-2a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v1.25H1.75a.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5H4.5v1.25a.75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0v-2Zm9 0a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-6a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h6a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75Z"></path></svg></span><span class="Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button__text___ED0bX"><span class="Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text___XeGJJ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text-font--mona-sans___a8XJD Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--default___GhPh_ Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--100___B2ueX Primer_Brand__Text-module__Text--weight-medium___qJKf_ Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--label___qrkyz Primer_Brand__Button-module__Button--label-subtle___8ndWH"></span></span></button><div class="Primer_Brand__Tooltip-module__Tooltip___0Eipx" data-direction="s" aria-hidden="true" id="_R_fbd_">Appearance settings</div></div></div></div></div><div class="MarketingHeader-module__bottomBorder__uZT38" aria-hidden="true"></div></header></div></div>
|
||
</react-partial>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="js-stale-session-flash stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-full">
|
||
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert">
|
||
<path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-in" hidden>You signed in with another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
|
||
<span class="js-stale-session-flash-signed-out" hidden>You signed out in another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
|
||
<span class="js-stale-session-flash-switched" hidden>You switched accounts on another tab or window. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
|
||
|
||
<button id="icon-button-58cf584a-3ab1-4685-b33a-79b1cba56f6e" aria-labelledby="tooltip-4b2526b1-7015-4eb9-aefe-af5792395607" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="Button Button--iconOnly Button--invisible Button--medium flash-close js-flash-close"> <svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x Button-visual">
|
||
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</button><tool-tip id="tooltip-4b2526b1-7015-4eb9-aefe-af5792395607" for="icon-button-58cf584a-3ab1-4685-b33a-79b1cba56f6e" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="label" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">Dismiss alert</tool-tip>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="start-of-content" class="show-on-focus"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="js-flash-container" class="flash-container" data-turbo-replace>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<template class="js-flash-template">
|
||
|
||
<div class="flash flash-full {{ className }}">
|
||
<div >
|
||
<button autofocus class="flash-close js-flash-close" type="button" aria-label="Dismiss this message">
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
|
||
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="js-flash-alert">
|
||
|
||
<div>{{ message }}</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</template>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div
|
||
class="application-main "
|
||
data-commit-hovercards-enabled
|
||
data-discussion-hovercards-enabled
|
||
data-issue-and-pr-hovercards-enabled
|
||
data-project-hovercards-enabled
|
||
>
|
||
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SoftwareSourceCode" class="">
|
||
<main id="js-repo-pjax-container" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<include-fragment src="/in-product-messaging/budget-threshold-banner?organization=Operations-Incident-Board" data-nonce="v2:28caac12-4169-e2c2-1bcb-002939e3d41d" data-view-component="true">
|
||
|
||
<div data-show-on-forbidden-error hidden>
|
||
<div class="Box">
|
||
<div class="blankslate-container">
|
||
<div data-view-component="true" class="blankslate blankslate-spacious color-bg-default rounded-2">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3 data-view-component="true" class="blankslate-heading"> Uh oh!
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p data-view-component="true" class="blankslate-description"> <p class="color-fg-muted my-2 mb-2 ws-normal">There was an error while loading. <a class="Link--inTextBlock" data-turbo="false" href="" aria-label="Please reload this page">Please reload this page</a>.</p>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</div> </div>
|
||
</div> </div>
|
||
</include-fragment>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="repository-container-header" class="tmp-pt-3 hide-full-screen" style="background-color: var(--page-header-bgColor, var(--color-page-header-bg));" data-turbo-replace>
|
||
|
||
<div class="d-flex flex-nowrap flex-justify-end tmp-mb-3 tmp-px-3 tmp-px-lg-5" style="gap: 1rem;">
|
||
|
||
<div class="flex-auto min-width-0 width-fit">
|
||
|
||
<div class=" d-flex flex-wrap flex-items-center wb-break-word f3 text-normal">
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo color-fg-muted mr-2 tmp-mr-2">
|
||
<path d="M2 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4.5 0h8.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v12.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75.75h-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h1.75v-2h-8a1 1 0 0 0-.714 1.7.75.75 0 1 1-1.072 1.05A2.495 2.495 0 0 1 2 11.5Zm10.5-1h-8a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v6.708A2.486 2.486 0 0 1 4.5 9h8ZM5 12.25a.25.25 0 0 1 .25-.25h3.5a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v3.25a.25.25 0 0 1-.4.2l-1.45-1.087a.249.249 0 0 0-.3 0L5.4 15.7a.25.25 0 0 1-.4-.2Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
|
||
<span class="author flex-self-stretch" itemprop="author">
|
||
<a class="url fn" rel="author" data-hovercard-type="organization" data-hovercard-url="/orgs/Operations-Incident-Board/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" href="/Operations-Incident-Board">
|
||
Operations-Incident-Board
|
||
</a> </span>
|
||
<span class="mx-1 flex-self-stretch color-fg-muted">/</span>
|
||
<strong itemprop="name" class="mr-2 flex-self-stretch">
|
||
<a data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews">Postmortem-Report-Reviews</a>
|
||
</strong>
|
||
|
||
<span></span><span class="Label Label--secondary v-align-middle mr-1">Public</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="repository-details-container" class="flex-shrink-0" data-turbo-replace style="max-width: 70%;">
|
||
<ul class="pagehead-actions flex-shrink-0 d-none d-md-inline" style="padding: 2px 0;">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="/login?return_to=%2FOperations-Incident-Board%2FPostmortem-Report-Reviews" rel="nofollow" id="repository-details-watch-button" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"notification subscription menu watch","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews/blob/master/2016-07-20-pshima-stack-exchange-2016-07-20.md","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="6a770c7cd6674255866b8b46485882a0b544ef9eaf0e3f84a8978e6753fdbb30" aria-label="You must be signed in to change notification settings" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-bell mr-2 tmp-mr-2">
|
||
<path d="M8 16a2 2 0 0 0 1.985-1.75c.017-.137-.097-.25-.235-.25h-3.5c-.138 0-.252.113-.235.25A2 2 0 0 0 8 16ZM3 5a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v2.947c0 .05.015.098.042.139l1.703 2.555A1.519 1.519 0 0 1 13.482 13H2.518a1.516 1.516 0 0 1-1.263-2.36l1.703-2.554A.255.255 0 0 0 3 7.947Zm5-3.5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 4.5 5v2.947c0 .346-.102.683-.294.97l-1.703 2.556a.017.017 0 0 0-.003.01l.001.006c0 .002.002.004.004.006l.006.004.007.001h10.964l.007-.001.006-.004.004-.006.001-.007a.017.017 0 0 0-.003-.01l-1.703-2.554a1.745 1.745 0 0 1-.294-.97V5A3.5 3.5 0 0 0 8 1.5Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>Notifications
|
||
</a> <tool-tip id="tooltip-74aee520-ad48-45df-896c-853cf0209c53" for="repository-details-watch-button" popover="manual" data-direction="s" data-type="description" data-view-component="true" class="sr-only position-absolute">You must be signed in to change notification settings</tool-tip>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a icon="repo-forked" id="fork-button" href="/login?return_to=%2FOperations-Incident-Board%2FPostmortem-Report-Reviews" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"repo details fork button","repository_id":52826457,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews/blob/master/2016-07-20-pshima-stack-exchange-2016-07-20.md","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="783cd37a451af938eb1747b3b44b64f9dc82f93f834dc1c2a59a7c6f55ac41b9" data-view-component="true" class="btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2 tmp-mr-2">
|
||
<path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>Fork
|
||
<span id="repo-network-counter" data-pjax-replace="true" data-turbo-replace="true" title="9" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">9</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<div data-view-component="true" class="BtnGroup d-flex">
|
||
<a href="/login?return_to=%2FOperations-Incident-Board%2FPostmortem-Report-Reviews" rel="nofollow" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"star button","repository_id":52826457,"auth_type":"LOG_IN","originating_url":"https://github.com/Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews/blob/master/2016-07-20-pshima-stack-exchange-2016-07-20.md","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="a15039ce08769bc934ce2b69c81c357945e6b7922b5ebd97fcce742c53d86c17" aria-label="You must be signed in to star a repository" data-view-component="true" class="tooltipped tooltipped-sw btn-sm btn"> <svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star v-align-text-bottom d-inline-block mr-2 tmp-mr-2">
|
||
<path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path>
|
||
</svg><span data-view-component="true" class="d-inline">
|
||
Star
|
||
</span> <span id="repo-stars-counter-star" aria-label="57 users starred this repository" data-singular-suffix="user starred this repository" data-plural-suffix="users starred this repository" data-turbo-replace="true" title="57" data-view-component="true" class="Counter js-social-count">57</span>
|
||
</a></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="responsive-meta-container" data-turbo-replace>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav data-pjax="#js-repo-pjax-container" aria-label="Repository" data-view-component="true" class="js-repo-nav js-sidenav-container-pjax js-responsive-underlinenav overflow-hidden UnderlineNav px-3 tmp-px-3 px-md-4 tmp-px-md-4 px-lg-5 tmp-px-lg-5">
|
||
|
||
<ul data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-body list-style-none">
|
||
<li data-view-component="true" class="d-inline-flex">
|
||
<a id="code-tab" href="/Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews" data-tab-item="i0code-tab" data-selected-links="repo_source repo_downloads repo_commits repo_releases repo_tags repo_branches repo_packages repo_deployments repo_attestations /Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" data-hotkey="g c" data-command-id="repositories:go-to-code" data-react-nav="code-view" data-react-nav-anchor="code-view-repo-link" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Underline navbar","action":"Click tab","label":"Code","target":"UNDERLINE_NAV.TAB"}" aria-current="page" data-view-component="true" class="UnderlineNav-item no-wrap js-responsive-underlinenav-item js-selected-navigation-item selected">
|
||
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code UnderlineNav-octicon d-none d-sm-inline">
|
||
<path d="m11.28 3.22 4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.275-.326.749.749 0 0 1 .215-.734L13.94 8l-3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .326-1.275.749.749 0 0 1 .734.215Zm-6.56 0a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042L2.06 8l3.72 3.72a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L.47 8.53a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
|
||
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<script type="application/json" data-target="react-app.embeddedData">{"payload":{"codeViewBlobRoute":{"csv":null,"csvError":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"Report: Stack Exchange Network Status Outage Postmortem July 20, 2016","anchor":"report-stack-exchange-network-status-outage-postmortem-july-20-2016","htmlText":"Report: Stack Exchange Network Status Outage Postmortem July 20, 2016"},{"level":2,"text":"Company Overview","anchor":"company-overview","htmlText":"Company Overview"},{"level":2,"text":"Incident Overview","anchor":"incident-overview","htmlText":"Incident Overview"},{"level":2,"text":"Incident Updates/Postmortem","anchor":"incident-updatespostmortem","htmlText":"Incident Updates/Postmortem"},{"level":2,"text":"Remediation / Future Work","anchor":"remediation--future-work","htmlText":"Remediation / Future Work"},{"level":2,"text":"Extrapolations / analysis / additional thoughts","anchor":"extrapolations--analysis--additional-thoughts","htmlText":"Extrapolations / analysis / additional thoughts"},{"level":2,"text":"Citations / Additional reading","anchor":"citations--additional-reading","htmlText":"Citations / Additional reading"},{"level":2,"text":"About the Author","anchor":"about-the-author","htmlText":"About the Author"},{"level":2,"text":"#outage #regexp #bug #technical #loadbalancer","anchor":"outage-regexp-bug-technical-loadbalancer","htmlText":"#outage #regexp #bug #technical #loadbalancer"}]},"issueTemplate":null,"discussionTemplate":null,"richText":"\u003carticle class=\"markdown-body entry-content container-lg\" itemprop=\"text\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eReport: Stack Exchange Network Status Outage Postmortem July 20, 2016\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-report-stack-exchange-network-status-outage-postmortem-july-20-2016\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Report: Stack Exchange Network Status Outage Postmortem July 20, 2016\" href=\"#report-stack-exchange-network-status-outage-postmortem-july-20-2016\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePostmortem link: \u003ca href=\"http://stackstatus.net/post/147710624694/outage-postmortem-july-20-2016\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttp://stackstatus.net/post/147710624694/outage-postmortem-july-20-2016\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCompany Overview\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-company-overview\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Company Overview\" href=\"#company-overview\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe customer base of Stack Exchange is largely of technical users looking for solutions to problems and/or to participate in the large community and knowledgebase present in this network.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFrom the Stack Exchange about page:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStack Exchange is a network of 150+ Q\u0026amp;A communities including Stack Overflow, the preeminent site for programmers to find, ask, and answer questions about software development. Founded in 2008 by Joel Spolsky and Jeff Atwood, the company was built on the premise that serving the developer community at large would lead to a better, smarter Internet. Since then, the Stack Exchange network has grown into a top-50 online destination, with Stack Overflow alone serving more than 40 million professional and novice programmers every month. The broader Stack Exchange Network has expanded to cover topics as diverse as Mathematics, Home Improvement, Statistics, and English Language and Usage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIncident Overview\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-incident-overview\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Incident Overview\" href=\"#incident-overview\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI was not personally impacted from the event but the post mortem suggests that this was a major or full outage. It does also not describe what sites were impacted. As Stack Exchange is a network of sites, this would suggest that every site on the network was impaired to the point of being completely unavailable. The target audience of this is likely the people impacted from it so it may be omitted intentionally and the tweets regarding it do clarify this information. This was later clarified that it was only Stack Overflow that was offline, other sites were only impacted by high CPU usage on the webservers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe overview also provides some interesting details that give us some insight to where the 34 minutes time was accrued. 10 minutes of identification, 14 minutes to write the fix and 10 minutes to deploy. This is an interesting point of detail that is often not included in post mortems and I feel it gives the reader more understanding of how the event unfolded and where time was spent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe next paragraph is where things start to get interesting as it touches on several of the root causes of the issue. The initial one was high CPU usage on the webservers which was caused by the regexp, and this had the knock on effect of slowing down all web requests, which had the knock on effect of causing what I am guessing is time outs on the load balancer health checks, which caused them to deregister all the webservers, which then caused the load balancers to have no available web servers to send traffic, which sent 503 responses to users. Some specific details are left to the user but are not material in understanding the cascading impact of the events that unfolded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe lower Technical Details section goes into specifics on why the regular expression caused so much havoc and gives the reader confidence that the Stack Exchange folks have a deep understanding of the problem.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIncident Updates/Postmortem\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-incident-updatespostmortem\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Incident Updates/Postmortem\" href=\"#incident-updatespostmortem\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe incident was first posted to twitter via \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StackStatus/status/755778941600882688\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://twitter.com/StackStatus/status/755778941600882688\u003c/a\u003e at 14:58 UTC, just 14 minutes after the time noted in the post mortem, retweets were then on the account from \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://twitter.com/Nick_Craver\u003c/a\u003e, with updates noting the fix was being deployed and that it was back online. There is actually considerably more detail from Nick's twitter than from the official Stack Exchange twitter including a graph of CPU usage: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755793398544601088\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755793398544601088\u003c/a\u003e and a tweet describing that they are using HAProxy as a load balancer and that health checks can be enabled/disabled in realtime: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755795805798330368\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755795805798330368\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOverall the response was pretty timely and the retweets gave users updates as to what was occuring and multiple follow ups were added even though the outage window was only 34 minutes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eRemediation / Future Work\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-remediation--future-work\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Remediation / Future Work\" href=\"#remediation--future-work\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAudit our regular expressions and post validation workflow for any similar issues\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis seems like a solid follow up task.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdd controls to our load balancer to disable the healthcheck – as we believe everything but the home page would have been accessible if it wasn’t for the the health check\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis was clarified as a control that an operator could use to disable the health checks if the same issue reoccurred. It does not solve the larger fleet utilization issue but it would have prevented this issue from reoccuring in which all the hosts were marked as unhealthy on the load balancer. Despite other sites possibly being slow from the utilization, they still would have been \"up\".\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCreate a “what to do during an outage” checklist since our StackStatus Twitter notification was later than we would have liked (and a few other outage workflow items we would like to be more consistent on).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis is an interesting action item and I love seeing action items around improving process. This suggests such events rarely happen at Stack Exchange and when the issue occurred there wasn't a 'what to do during an outage' checklist. If that was the case then this is an impressive recovery time from the events without a procedure. It also shows that while it was 14 minutes to post, they believe they can improve on that time window and response to customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExtrapolations / analysis / additional thoughts\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-extrapolations--analysis--additional-thoughts\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Extrapolations / analysis / additional thoughts\" href=\"#extrapolations--analysis--additional-thoughts\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is great to see this level of visibility from Stack Exchange! The details in the post mortem give the reader a decent understanding of the issue and what caused the full outage. The tweets would suggest Nick played a big part in writing the post mortem and also in recovery of the issue and I would like to thank Nick and the Stack Exchange team for providing this visibility and for releasing the post mortem so quickly after a major incident.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt is unknown to me if there was a specific site with the post in the Stack Exchange network that caused the issue but without further detail it would suggest that there is a very large blast radius for Stack Exchange sites and a bug on any of the sites could cause a full network outage. This is not a negative, only an observation from this post mortem. It does leave the reader wondering more.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eI would have loved to see some additional information on how the event was discovered and more around improving resiliency of the web server fleet. The root cuased was identified fairly quickly, and more knowledge here could give the reader additional confidence that while this specific issue was resolved, future bugs or unknowns could also be resolved in a similar manner. This is an nit pick of this post mortem and I would consider this post mortem as a good example as a follow up to a major issue. It was later clarified by Nick that details were intentionally left out because the tools they use legally cannot be shared. The clrmd tool (\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/Microsoft/clrmd\"\u003ehttps://github.com/Microsoft/clrmd\u003c/a\u003e) was referenced as something to look at.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe speed at which the issue was resolved, combined with the communication and immediate follow up to the issue gives the reader confidence that future issues will be resolved in a similar manner and this is a major plus for any good post mortem. I would celebrate this post mortem as a success!\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCitations / Additional reading\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-citations--additional-reading\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Citations / Additional reading\" href=\"#citations--additional-reading\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://twitter.com/Nick_Craver\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAbout the Author\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-about-the-author\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: About the Author\" href=\"#about-the-author\"\u003e\u003csvg data-component=\"Octicon\" class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMy name is Pete Shima. \u003ca href=\"mailto:me@peteshima.com\"\u003eme@peteshima.com\u003c/a\u003e - petey5k@twitter\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e#outage #regexp #bug #technical #loadbalancer\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-outage-regexp-bug-technical-loadbalancer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: #outage #regexp #bug #technical #loadbalancer\" 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Report: Stack Exchange Network Status Outage Postmortem July 20, 2016","","Postmortem link: http://stackstatus.net/post/147710624694/outage-postmortem-july-20-2016","","## Company Overview","","The customer base of Stack Exchange is largely of technical users looking for solutions to problems and/or to participate in the large community and knowledgebase present in this network.","","From the Stack Exchange about page:","","Stack Exchange is a network of 150+ Q\u0026A communities including Stack Overflow, the preeminent site for programmers to find, ask, and answer questions about software development. Founded in 2008 by Joel Spolsky and Jeff Atwood, the company was built on the premise that serving the developer community at large would lead to a better, smarter Internet. Since then, the Stack Exchange network has grown into a top-50 online destination, with Stack Overflow alone serving more than 40 million professional and novice programmers every month. The broader Stack Exchange Network has expanded to cover topics as diverse as Mathematics, Home Improvement, Statistics, and English Language and Usage.","","## Incident Overview","","I was not personally impacted from the event but the post mortem suggests that this was a major or full outage. It does also not describe what sites were impacted. As Stack Exchange is a network of sites, this would suggest that every site on the network was impaired to the point of being completely unavailable. The target audience of this is likely the people impacted from it so it may be omitted intentionally and the tweets regarding it do clarify this information. This was later clarified that it was only Stack Overflow that was offline, other sites were only impacted by high CPU usage on the webservers.","","The overview also provides some interesting details that give us some insight to where the 34 minutes time was accrued. 10 minutes of identification, 14 minutes to write the fix and 10 minutes to deploy. This is an interesting point of detail that is often not included in post mortems and I feel it gives the reader more understanding of how the event unfolded and where time was spent.","","The next paragraph is where things start to get interesting as it touches on several of the root causes of the issue. The initial one was high CPU usage on the webservers which was caused by the regexp, and this had the knock on effect of slowing down all web requests, which had the knock on effect of causing what I am guessing is time outs on the load balancer health checks, which caused them to deregister all the webservers, which then caused the load balancers to have no available web servers to send traffic, which sent 503 responses to users. Some specific details are left to the user but are not material in understanding the cascading impact of the events that unfolded.","","The lower Technical Details section goes into specifics on why the regular expression caused so much havoc and gives the reader confidence that the Stack Exchange folks have a deep understanding of the problem.","","## Incident Updates/Postmortem","","The incident was first posted to twitter via https://twitter.com/StackStatus/status/755778941600882688 at 14:58 UTC, just 14 minutes after the time noted in the post mortem, retweets were then on the account from https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver, with updates noting the fix was being deployed and that it was back online. There is actually considerably more detail from Nick's twitter than from the official Stack Exchange twitter including a graph of CPU usage: https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755793398544601088 and a tweet describing that they are using HAProxy as a load balancer and that health checks can be enabled/disabled in realtime: https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755795805798330368.","","Overall the response was pretty timely and the retweets gave users updates as to what was occuring and multiple follow ups were added even though the outage window was only 34 minutes.","","## Remediation / Future Work","","* Audit our regular expressions and post validation workflow for any similar issues","","This seems like a solid follow up task.","","* Add controls to our load balancer to disable the healthcheck – as we believe everything but the home page would have been accessible if it wasn’t for the the health check","","This was clarified as a control that an operator could use to disable the health checks if the same issue reoccurred. It does not solve the larger fleet utilization issue but it would have prevented this issue from reoccuring in which all the hosts were marked as unhealthy on the load balancer. Despite other sites possibly being slow from the utilization, they still would have been \"up\".","","* Create a “what to do during an outage” checklist since our StackStatus Twitter notification was later than we would have liked (and a few other outage workflow items we would like to be more consistent on).","","This is an interesting action item and I love seeing action items around improving process. This suggests such events rarely happen at Stack Exchange and when the issue occurred there wasn't a 'what to do during an outage' checklist. If that was the case then this is an impressive recovery time from the events without a procedure. It also shows that while it was 14 minutes to post, they believe they can improve on that time window and response to customers.","","## Extrapolations / analysis / additional thoughts","","It is great to see this level of visibility from Stack Exchange! The details in the post mortem give the reader a decent understanding of the issue and what caused the full outage. The tweets would suggest Nick played a big part in writing the post mortem and also in recovery of the issue and I would like to thank Nick and the Stack Exchange team for providing this visibility and for releasing the post mortem so quickly after a major incident.","","It is unknown to me if there was a specific site with the post in the Stack Exchange network that caused the issue but without further detail it would suggest that there is a very large blast radius for Stack Exchange sites and a bug on any of the sites could cause a full network outage. This is not a negative, only an observation from this post mortem. It does leave the reader wondering more.","","I would have loved to see some additional information on how the event was discovered and more around improving resiliency of the web server fleet. The root cuased was identified fairly quickly, and more knowledge here could give the reader additional confidence that while this specific issue was resolved, future bugs or unknowns could also be resolved in a similar manner. This is an nit pick of this post mortem and I would consider this post mortem as a good example as a follow up to a major issue. It was later clarified by Nick that details were intentionally left out because the tools they use legally cannot be shared. The clrmd tool (https://github.com/Microsoft/clrmd) was referenced as something to look at.","","The speed at which the issue was resolved, combined with the communication and immediate follow up to the issue gives the reader confidence that future issues will be resolved in a similar manner and this is a major plus for any good post mortem. I would celebrate this post mortem as a success!","","## Citations / Additional reading","","* https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver","","## About the Author","","My name is Pete Shima. me@peteshima.com - petey5k@twitter","","## \\#outage #regexp #bug #technical #loadbalancer"],"stylingDirectives":[[[0,71,"pl-mh"],[2,71,"pl-en"]],[],[[17,88,"pl-corl"]],[],[[0,19,"pl-mh"],[3,19,"pl-en"]],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[[0,20,"pl-mh"],[3,20,"pl-en"]],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[[0,30,"pl-mh"],[3,30,"pl-en"]],[],[[45,102,"pl-corl"],[213,244,"pl-corl"],[463,520,"pl-corl"],[651,708,"pl-corl"]],[],[],[],[[0,28,"pl-mh"],[3,28,"pl-en"]],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"]],[],[],[],[[0,50,"pl-mh"],[3,50,"pl-en"]],[],[],[],[],[],[[650,684,"pl-corl"]],[],[],[],[[0,33,"pl-mh"],[3,33,"pl-en"]],[],[[0,1,"pl-v"],[2,33,"pl-corl"]],[],[[0,19,"pl-mh"],[3,19,"pl-en"]],[],[[23,39,"pl-corl"]],[],[[0,49,"pl-mh"],[3,49,"pl-en"],[3,5,"pl-c1"]],[],[],[],[],[],[]],"colorizedLines":null}},"title":"Postmortem-Report-Reviews/2016-07-20-pshima-stack-exchange-2016-07-20.md at master · Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews","appPayload":{},"meta":{"title":"Postmortem-Report-Reviews/2016-07-20-pshima-stack-exchange-2016-07-20.md at master · Operations-Incident-Board/Postmortem-Report-Reviews"}}</script>
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class="BlobViewContent-module__blobContentWrapper__JS0W6"><section aria-labelledby="file-name-id-wide file-name-id-mobile" class="BlobContent-module__blobContentSection__VOgZq BlobContent-module__blobContentSectionMarkdown__mPLOK" style="margin-top:46px"><div class="js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned BlobContent-module__markdownBlob__T8jpG" data-hpc="true" containertiming="hpc"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Report: Stack Exchange Network Status Outage Postmortem July 20, 2016</h1><a id="user-content-report-stack-exchange-network-status-outage-postmortem-july-20-2016" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Report: Stack Exchange Network Status Outage Postmortem July 20, 2016" href="#report-stack-exchange-network-status-outage-postmortem-july-20-2016"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
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<p dir="auto">Postmortem link: <a href="http://stackstatus.net/post/147710624694/outage-postmortem-july-20-2016" rel="nofollow">http://stackstatus.net/post/147710624694/outage-postmortem-july-20-2016</a></p>
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<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Company Overview</h2><a id="user-content-company-overview" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Company Overview" href="#company-overview"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
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<p dir="auto">The customer base of Stack Exchange is largely of technical users looking for solutions to problems and/or to participate in the large community and knowledgebase present in this network.</p>
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<p dir="auto">From the Stack Exchange about page:</p>
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<p dir="auto">Stack Exchange is a network of 150+ Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the preeminent site for programmers to find, ask, and answer questions about software development. Founded in 2008 by Joel Spolsky and Jeff Atwood, the company was built on the premise that serving the developer community at large would lead to a better, smarter Internet. Since then, the Stack Exchange network has grown into a top-50 online destination, with Stack Overflow alone serving more than 40 million professional and novice programmers every month. The broader Stack Exchange Network has expanded to cover topics as diverse as Mathematics, Home Improvement, Statistics, and English Language and Usage.</p>
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<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Incident Overview</h2><a id="user-content-incident-overview" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Incident Overview" href="#incident-overview"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
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<p dir="auto">I was not personally impacted from the event but the post mortem suggests that this was a major or full outage. It does also not describe what sites were impacted. As Stack Exchange is a network of sites, this would suggest that every site on the network was impaired to the point of being completely unavailable. The target audience of this is likely the people impacted from it so it may be omitted intentionally and the tweets regarding it do clarify this information. This was later clarified that it was only Stack Overflow that was offline, other sites were only impacted by high CPU usage on the webservers.</p>
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<p dir="auto">The overview also provides some interesting details that give us some insight to where the 34 minutes time was accrued. 10 minutes of identification, 14 minutes to write the fix and 10 minutes to deploy. This is an interesting point of detail that is often not included in post mortems and I feel it gives the reader more understanding of how the event unfolded and where time was spent.</p>
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<p dir="auto">The next paragraph is where things start to get interesting as it touches on several of the root causes of the issue. The initial one was high CPU usage on the webservers which was caused by the regexp, and this had the knock on effect of slowing down all web requests, which had the knock on effect of causing what I am guessing is time outs on the load balancer health checks, which caused them to deregister all the webservers, which then caused the load balancers to have no available web servers to send traffic, which sent 503 responses to users. Some specific details are left to the user but are not material in understanding the cascading impact of the events that unfolded.</p>
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<p dir="auto">The lower Technical Details section goes into specifics on why the regular expression caused so much havoc and gives the reader confidence that the Stack Exchange folks have a deep understanding of the problem.</p>
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<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Incident Updates/Postmortem</h2><a id="user-content-incident-updatespostmortem" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Incident Updates/Postmortem" href="#incident-updatespostmortem"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
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<p dir="auto">The incident was first posted to twitter via <a href="https://twitter.com/StackStatus/status/755778941600882688" rel="nofollow">https://twitter.com/StackStatus/status/755778941600882688</a> at 14:58 UTC, just 14 minutes after the time noted in the post mortem, retweets were then on the account from <a href="https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver" rel="nofollow">https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver</a>, with updates noting the fix was being deployed and that it was back online. There is actually considerably more detail from Nick's twitter than from the official Stack Exchange twitter including a graph of CPU usage: <a href="https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755793398544601088" rel="nofollow">https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755793398544601088</a> and a tweet describing that they are using HAProxy as a load balancer and that health checks can be enabled/disabled in realtime: <a href="https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755795805798330368" rel="nofollow">https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver/status/755795805798330368</a>.</p>
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<p dir="auto">Overall the response was pretty timely and the retweets gave users updates as to what was occuring and multiple follow ups were added even though the outage window was only 34 minutes.</p>
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<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Remediation / Future Work</h2><a id="user-content-remediation--future-work" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Remediation / Future Work" href="#remediation--future-work"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
|
||
<ul dir="auto">
|
||
<li>Audit our regular expressions and post validation workflow for any similar issues</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p dir="auto">This seems like a solid follow up task.</p>
|
||
<ul dir="auto">
|
||
<li>Add controls to our load balancer to disable the healthcheck – as we believe everything but the home page would have been accessible if it wasn’t for the the health check</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p dir="auto">This was clarified as a control that an operator could use to disable the health checks if the same issue reoccurred. It does not solve the larger fleet utilization issue but it would have prevented this issue from reoccuring in which all the hosts were marked as unhealthy on the load balancer. Despite other sites possibly being slow from the utilization, they still would have been "up".</p>
|
||
<ul dir="auto">
|
||
<li>Create a “what to do during an outage” checklist since our StackStatus Twitter notification was later than we would have liked (and a few other outage workflow items we would like to be more consistent on).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p dir="auto">This is an interesting action item and I love seeing action items around improving process. This suggests such events rarely happen at Stack Exchange and when the issue occurred there wasn't a 'what to do during an outage' checklist. If that was the case then this is an impressive recovery time from the events without a procedure. It also shows that while it was 14 minutes to post, they believe they can improve on that time window and response to customers.</p>
|
||
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Extrapolations / analysis / additional thoughts</h2><a id="user-content-extrapolations--analysis--additional-thoughts" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Extrapolations / analysis / additional thoughts" href="#extrapolations--analysis--additional-thoughts"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
|
||
<p dir="auto">It is great to see this level of visibility from Stack Exchange! The details in the post mortem give the reader a decent understanding of the issue and what caused the full outage. The tweets would suggest Nick played a big part in writing the post mortem and also in recovery of the issue and I would like to thank Nick and the Stack Exchange team for providing this visibility and for releasing the post mortem so quickly after a major incident.</p>
|
||
<p dir="auto">It is unknown to me if there was a specific site with the post in the Stack Exchange network that caused the issue but without further detail it would suggest that there is a very large blast radius for Stack Exchange sites and a bug on any of the sites could cause a full network outage. This is not a negative, only an observation from this post mortem. It does leave the reader wondering more.</p>
|
||
<p dir="auto">I would have loved to see some additional information on how the event was discovered and more around improving resiliency of the web server fleet. The root cuased was identified fairly quickly, and more knowledge here could give the reader additional confidence that while this specific issue was resolved, future bugs or unknowns could also be resolved in a similar manner. This is an nit pick of this post mortem and I would consider this post mortem as a good example as a follow up to a major issue. It was later clarified by Nick that details were intentionally left out because the tools they use legally cannot be shared. The clrmd tool (<a href="https://github.com/Microsoft/clrmd">https://github.com/Microsoft/clrmd</a>) was referenced as something to look at.</p>
|
||
<p dir="auto">The speed at which the issue was resolved, combined with the communication and immediate follow up to the issue gives the reader confidence that future issues will be resolved in a similar manner and this is a major plus for any good post mortem. I would celebrate this post mortem as a success!</p>
|
||
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Citations / Additional reading</h2><a id="user-content-citations--additional-reading" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Citations / Additional reading" href="#citations--additional-reading"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
|
||
<ul dir="auto">
|
||
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver" rel="nofollow">https://twitter.com/Nick_Craver</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">About the Author</h2><a id="user-content-about-the-author" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: About the Author" href="#about-the-author"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
|
||
<p dir="auto">My name is Pete Shima. <a href="mailto:me@peteshima.com">me@peteshima.com</a> - petey5k@twitter</p>
|
||
<div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">#outage #regexp #bug #technical #loadbalancer</h2><a id="user-content-outage-regexp-bug-technical-loadbalancer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: #outage #regexp #bug #technical #loadbalancer" href="#outage-regexp-bug-technical-loadbalancer"><svg data-component="Octicon" class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div>
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</article></div><div class="d-none"></div></section></div></div></div> </div> <!-- --> </div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ScrollMarksContainer-module__scrollMarksContainer__Eu7uU" id="find-result-marks-container"></div><div class="d-none"></div><div class="d-none"></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> </div>
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</react-app>
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class="Link--secondary underline-on-hover border-0 p-0 color-bg-transparent text-left"
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data-analytics-event="{"location":"footer","action":"dont_share_info","context":"subfooter","tag":"link","label":"dont_share_info_link_subfooter_footer"}"
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data-locale="en"
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data-cookie-consent-required="false"
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<div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden>
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<template id="site-details-dialog">
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<div class="octocat-spinner tmp-my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div>
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<template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button">
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</svg>
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</div>
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</template>
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<template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned">
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|
||
<path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<svg aria-hidden="true" data-component="Octicon" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none">
|
||
<path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</clipboard-copy>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</template>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div>
|
||
<div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|
||
|