Files
nexus/sreweekly/articles/469/01-mttr-is-still-lying-to-you.html
2026-09-12 17:23:01 +08:00

425 lines
183 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters
This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="preload" href="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp" as="image"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/ultra_wide-1317757bfc6e3b52de32673e32511dd3.webp" fetchPriority="high"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/322hzq53y-ate.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0wx0vdnm7hdmy.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0x3xkgg58au6y.js"/><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2gc3t38rduro8.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0twso4u6hw761.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/10m794inm80pb.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/turbopack-2tuhnem_njaxt.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0_yn_tfn0gu0m.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2j5e0t58khzrz.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3no77d5_iriq9.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0riv-c36uxb26.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2nz2yvxj21ukn.js" async=""></script><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700&amp;display=fallback" as="style" crossorigin="anonymous" media="screen"/><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700&amp;display=fallback" as="style" crossorigin="anonymous" media="screen"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700&amp;display=fallback" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700&amp;display=fallback" rel="preload"/><title>MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You | Resilience in Software Foundation</title><meta name="description" content="Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touti"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="2249535069215389"/><meta property="og:title" content="MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You | Resilience in Software Foundation"/><meta property="og:description" content="Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touti"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Resilience in Software Foundation"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e2d425907ea649ea46621a814eb83c4c.webp"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You | Resilience in Software Foundation"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touti"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e2d425907ea649ea46621a814eb83c4c.webp"/><link rel="icon" href="https://resilienceinsoftwarefoundation.us.hivebrite.com/favicon.ico"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700&amp;display=fallback" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700&amp;display=fallback" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
:root {
--font-family: Open Sans;
}
body, button, input, textarea { font-family: var(--font-family), Inter, Nunito, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif !important; }
</style><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0cz1d0mv5g_q7.js" noModule=""></script><style data-styled="" data-styled-version="6.5.3">.csngdr{position:absolute;border:0;cursor:pointer;top:0;left:8px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;transform:translateY(-40px);transition:transform 0.2s ease-out,opacity 0.2s ease-out;white-space:nowrap;user-select:none;z-index:1090;}/*!sc*/
.csngdr:focus{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;transform:translateY(0);}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g1[id="SkipToContent__SkipLinkStyled-sc-8b3f6f37-0"]{content:"csngdr,"}/*!sc*/
.cJSLnI{color:#555;font-size:1.07rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3rem;display:flex;padding:8px;background-color:#fff;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g2[id="SkipToContent__SkipLinkStyledWrapper-sc-8b3f6f37-1"]{content:"cJSLnI,"}/*!sc*/
.ebKXnA{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;min-height:100vh;padding-top:92px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.ebKXnA{padding-top:72px;}}/*!sc*/
.gSMlAf{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}/*!sc*/
.fzHJGr{justify-content:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin:auto;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.fzHJGr{max-width:768px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.fzHJGr{max-width:1024px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.fzHJGr{max-width:1440px;}}/*!sc*/
.gVbWAc{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:56px;margin-left:32px;margin-right:32px;grid-row-gap:32px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.gVbWAc{grid-row-gap:52px;}}/*!sc*/
.jEIODi{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jEIODi{grid-column:span 4;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jEIODi{grid-column:span 3;}}/*!sc*/
.bSDPrX{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
.kYiAMs{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.kYiAMs{grid-column:span 3;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.kYiAMs{grid-column:span 2;}}/*!sc*/
.hluIfI{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;}/*!sc*/
.khFeJe{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.khFeJe{margin-bottom:32px;}}/*!sc*/
.gdnuBL{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.gdnuBL{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;}}/*!sc*/
.gmCshB{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.gmCshB{grid-column:span 2;}}/*!sc*/
.jrnWJj{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:-16px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jrnWJj{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;}}/*!sc*/
.iRGxs{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.iRGxs{margin-bottom:32px;}}/*!sc*/
.xGrDF{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.xGrDF{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;}}/*!sc*/
.jBeuqC{justify-self:left;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jBeuqC{justify-self:end;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jBeuqC{grid-column:span 3;}}/*!sc*/
.eSjgri{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:start;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.eSjgri{justify-content:end;}}/*!sc*/
.fKvwcs{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;margin-right:16px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.fKvwcs{margin-left:16px;margin-right:0;}}/*!sc*/
.etVpkk{justify-self:left;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;overflow:hidden;display:flex;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.etVpkk{justify-self:end;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.etVpkk{grid-column:span 9;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.etVpkk{grid-column:span 12;}}/*!sc*/
.gTVMTY{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
.dknTMx{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);}/*!sc*/
.igWYoV{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.igWYoV{display:none;}}/*!sc*/
.eSvYQq{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
.OzLcp{position:relative;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:20px;margin-right:28px;}/*!sc*/
.fixJqw{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;min-width:25px;padding-top:1px;}/*!sc*/
.iJJmoV{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:none;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.iJJmoV{display:block;}}/*!sc*/
.aYqWX{justify-content:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.aYqWX{max-width:768px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.aYqWX{max-width:1024px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.aYqWX{max-width:1440px;}}/*!sc*/
.gBRcit{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:4px;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
.cRlXbW{align-items:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:10px;}/*!sc*/
.hnhZrX{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:inline-block;margin-left:6px;}/*!sc*/
.cOKCCX{justify-content:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:0;padding-bottom:24px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.cOKCCX{max-width:768px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.cOKCCX{max-width:1024px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.cOKCCX{max-width:1440px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.cOKCCX{margin-top:32px;}}/*!sc*/
.jSILAH{flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:0;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jSILAH{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jSILAH{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jSILAH{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jSILAH{margin-left:-20px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jSILAH{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jSILAH{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
.kxQFCu{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;padding-left:0;padding-top:20px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.kxQFCu{padding-left:20px;padding-top:20px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.kxQFCu{padding-left:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.kxQFCu{padding-left:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
.ercVhJ{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;padding-bottom:24px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;padding-top:16px;background-color:transparent;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.ercVhJ{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.ercVhJ{padding-bottom:32px;}}/*!sc*/
.fScRFm{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.fScRFm{margin-bottom:24px;padding-bottom:24px;}}/*!sc*/
.fzdQzq{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-right:0;}/*!sc*/
.cNWsPK{flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
.bRccPD{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;grid-gap:12px;}/*!sc*/
.biNsvt{flex:1;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.8461538461538463rem;font-weight:700;line-height:2.230769230769231rem;display:block;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.biNsvt{font-size:2.4615384615384617rem;line-height:2.8461538461538463rem;}}/*!sc*/
.ldkrga{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-top:10px;}/*!sc*/
.jYXfit{color:rgb(92, 100, 112);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-top:8px;}/*!sc*/
.bWsukS{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-top:12px;}/*!sc*/
.cXOiip{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;height:32px;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
.nSVk{justify-content:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-bottom:60px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.nSVk{max-width:768px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.nSVk{max-width:1024px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.nSVk{max-width:1440px;}}/*!sc*/
.goizoB{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.6923076923076923rem;font-weight:700;line-height:2.0769230769230766rem;display:flex;margin-top:36px;line-height:29px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.goizoB{font-size:1.8461538461538463rem;line-height:2.230769230769231rem;}}/*!sc*/
.jNYxIR{flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:0;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jNYxIR{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jNYxIR{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jNYxIR{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jNYxIR{margin-left:-20px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jNYxIR{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jNYxIR{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
.dQNeud{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;padding-bottom:16px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;padding-top:16px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.dQNeud{padding-bottom:24px;padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
.hZbbrS{position:relative;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;overflow:hidden;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
.ehDvKl{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
.hrksWC{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:92px;padding-bottom:24px;padding-top:12px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.hrksWC{height:118px;}}/*!sc*/
.bZeHqR{z-index:0;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;flex:1;flex-direction:column;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:116px;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:24px;padding-left:12px;padding-right:12px;padding-top:12px;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.bZeHqR{height:118px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.bZeHqR{padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}}/*!sc*/
.hVyqKD{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.3846153846153846rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;display:flex;margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hVyqKD{line-height:1.8461538461538463rem;}}/*!sc*/
.jwSNmt{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-top:4px;padding-bottom:6px;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g3[id="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0"]{content:"ebKXnA,gSMlAf,fzHJGr,gVbWAc,jEIODi,bSDPrX,kYiAMs,hluIfI,khFeJe,gdnuBL,gmCshB,jrnWJj,iRGxs,xGrDF,jBeuqC,eSjgri,fKvwcs,etVpkk,gTVMTY,dknTMx,igWYoV,eSvYQq,OzLcp,fixJqw,iJJmoV,aYqWX,gBRcit,cRlXbW,hnhZrX,cOKCCX,jSILAH,kxQFCu,ercVhJ,fScRFm,fzdQzq,cNWsPK,bRccPD,biNsvt,ldkrga,jYXfit,bWsukS,cXOiip,nSVk,goizoB,jNYxIR,dQNeud,hZbbrS,ehDvKl,hrksWC,bZeHqR,hVyqKD,jwSNmt,"}/*!sc*/
.ghQxMU{color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g4[id="ui__StyledFaIcon-sc-c7b1475b-0"]{content:"ghQxMU,jaoDiy,"}/*!sc*/
@keyframes dHAcpB{from{transform:rotate(0deg);}to{transform:rotate(360deg);}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g5[id="sc-keyframes-dHAcpB"]{content:"dHAcpB,"}/*!sc*/
@keyframes cruJpc{0%{stroke-dashoffset:var(--dash-max);}50%{stroke-dashoffset:var(--dash-mid);}100%{stroke-dashoffset:var(--dash-max);}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g6[id="sc-keyframes-cruJpc"]{content:"cruJpc,"}/*!sc*/
.eRGDry{animation:dHAcpB 600ms linear infinite;}/*!sc*/
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.eRGDry{animation:none;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g7[id="Loader__RotatingSvg-sc-e2c1f715-0"]{content:"eRGDry,"}/*!sc*/
.hMnjPg{animation:cruJpc 1600ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 0, 0.55, 1) infinite;transform-origin:center;}/*!sc*/
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.hMnjPg{animation:none;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g8[id="Loader__DashCircle-sc-e2c1f715-1"]{content:"hMnjPg,"}/*!sc*/
.bhQsRe{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g9[id="Loader__LoaderWrapper-sc-e2c1f715-2"]{content:"bhQsRe,"}/*!sc*/
.gbjNWG{border:0!important;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)!important;height:1px!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;padding:0!important;position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;white-space:nowrap!important;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g10[id="ScreenReadersContent__ScreenReadersContentStyled-sc-83356440-0"]{content:"gbjNWG,"}/*!sc*/
.cckkvh{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;min-width:0;transition:opacity 0.2s,transform 0.2s;opacity:1;transform:translateY(0);white-space:nowrap;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g11[id="InnerWrapper-sc-face0ce4-0"]{content:"cckkvh,"}/*!sc*/
.dXBZTM{inset:0;position:absolute;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;transition:transform 0.2s ease-out,opacity 0.2s ease-out;transform:translateY(100%);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g12[id="LoaderWrapper-sc-62e4144e-0"]{content:"dXBZTM,"}/*!sc*/
.ezolrG{min-height:40px;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;appearance:none;border-style:solid;cursor:pointer;position:relative;user-select:none;transition:background-color 0.2s,color 0.2s,border-color 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;}/*!sc*/
.ezolrG:focus{outline:revert;}/*!sc*/
.ezolrG[data-focus-visible-added]:focus{outline:2px solid rgb(175, 43, 22);outline-offset:2px;z-index:1;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g14[id="Wrapper-sc-e96089af-0"]{content:"ezolrG,"}/*!sc*/
.jgrSBy{box-shadow:0 1px 6px 0 rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1);border-radius:10px;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g15[id="Card-sc-2ed53ea2-0"]{content:"jgrSBy,"}/*!sc*/
.dGhvCS{color:rgb(175, 43, 22)!important;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g22[id="StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0"]{content:"dGhvCS,"}/*!sc*/
.cszkxb a{color:rgb(175, 43, 22)!important;margin-right:4px;}/*!sc*/
.cszkxb a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:2px;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g24[id="HivebriteDisclaimer__StyledLink-sc-555f750b-0"]{content:"cszkxb,"}/*!sc*/
.gLXmbg{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;cursor:pointer;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.gLXmbg{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;}}/*!sc*/
.gLXmbg:hover{color:rgb(105, 26, 13);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;}/*!sc*/
.gLXmbg:focus{outline:revert;}/*!sc*/
.gLXmbg[data-focus-visible-added]:focus{outline:2px solid rgb(175, 43, 22);outline-offset:2px;z-index:1;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g25[id="createStyledFakeLink__StyledFakeLink-sc-bae562c9-0"]{content:"gLXmbg,"}/*!sc*/
.eemYpp{color:rgb(175, 43, 22)!important;font-weight:600!important;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g26[id="ResetCookies__FakeLinkStyled-sc-99c0c969-0"]{content:"eemYpp,"}/*!sc*/
.cfIpyX{display:grid;width:100%;grid-template-columns:repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));column-gap:24px;word-break:break-word;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g27[id="PublicFooter__FooterGrid-sc-53239817-0"]{content:"cfIpyX,"}/*!sc*/
.hxTiJU{max-width:100%;max-height:48px;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g28[id="PublicFooter__StyledImage-sc-53239817-1"]{content:"hxTiJU,"}/*!sc*/
@keyframes hUniol{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g37[id="sc-keyframes-hUniol"]{content:"hUniol,"}/*!sc*/
.llRGgU{animation:hUniol 300ms ease-out;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g38[id="ui__StyledImg-sc-9b9ac9c0-0"]{content:"llRGgU,"}/*!sc*/
.cogoFq{display:block;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;z-index:1050;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g69[id="styled__HeaderWrapper-sc-3a0d7762-0"]{content:"cogoFq,"}/*!sc*/
.fOXPgm{position:relative;}/*!sc*/
.fOXPgm:after{background:rgba(175, 43, 22, 1);border-radius:2px;bottom:-8px;content:' ';height:4px;left:0;position:absolute;transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left 50%;transition:transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.9, 0.26, 0.58, 1);width:100%;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g70[id="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1"]{content:"fOXPgm,"}/*!sc*/
.jBukBh{align-items:center;height:92px;padding-top:20px;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g71[id="styled__MenuWrapper-sc-1ef64261-0"]{content:"jBukBh,"}/*!sc*/
.cIojFh{color:rgb(175, 43, 22);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;}/*!sc*/
.cIojFh:hover{color:rgb(105, 26, 13);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;}/*!sc*/
.cIojFh:focus{outline:revert;}/*!sc*/
.cIojFh[data-focus-visible-added]:focus{outline:2px solid rgb(175, 43, 22);outline-offset:2px;z-index:1;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g78[id="createStyledLink__StyledNextLink-sc-7f272c51-2"]{content:"cIojFh,"}/*!sc*/
.bYyACd{text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/
.bYyACd>span{line-height:1.5;}/*!sc*/
.bYyACd:hover{text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g79[id="ButtonInLink__StyledLink-sc-3e53b94f-0"]{content:"bYyACd,"}/*!sc*/
.iTWIH{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:left;height:72px;margin:auto;padding:0 20px;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g80[id="styled__MenuWrapper-sc-a0fd1434-0"]{content:"iTWIH,"}/*!sc*/
.cQUrJN{display:inline-block;padding-left:20px;height:100%;transition:opacity 500ms cubic-bezier(0.19, 1, 0.22, 1);width:100%;opacity:0;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g81[id="styled__StyledUl-sc-a0fd1434-1"]{content:"cQUrJN,"}/*!sc*/
.dAJYVc{display:inline-block;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
.dAJYVc:hover ul,.dAJYVc:focus-within ul{display:block;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g82[id="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2"]{content:"dAJYVc,"}/*!sc*/
.cEQplB{display:block;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:72px;padding:0 10px;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
.cEQplB span:after{transform:scaleX(0);}/*!sc*/
.cEQplB:hover span:after{transform:scaleX(1);}/*!sc*/
.cDKQNo{display:block;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:2;padding:8.5px 0;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
.cDKQNo span:after{transform:scaleX(0);}/*!sc*/
.cDKQNo:hover span:after{transform:scaleX(1);}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g83[id="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3"]{content:"cEQplB,cDKQNo,"}/*!sc*/
.cUcSgn{box-shadow:0 1px 6px 0 rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1);display:none;min-width:160px;padding:0 12px;position:absolute;top:100%;white-space:nowrap;width:auto;z-index:1050;background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);}/*!sc*/
.cUcSgn li{display:block;text-align:left;width:auto;}/*!sc*/
.cUcSgn li a{position:relative;padding:8.5px 0;line-height:2;height:auto!important;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g84[id="styled__StyledSubMenu-sc-a0fd1434-4"]{content:"cUcSgn,"}/*!sc*/
.jiaoIP{align-items:center;align-self:stretch;position:relative;cursor:pointer;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:72px;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);visibility:hidden;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g85[id="styled__StyledMoreItems-sc-a0fd1434-5"]{content:"jiaoIP,"}/*!sc*/
.gspLjc{box-shadow:0 1px 6px 0 rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1);left:0;min-width:160px;padding:0 12px;position:absolute;top:100%;white-space:nowrap;width:auto;z-index:100;background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);display:none;}/*!sc*/
.gspLjc li{display:block;text-align:left;width:auto;}/*!sc*/
.gspLjc li a{position:relative;padding:8.5px 0;line-height:2;height:auto!important;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g86[id="styled__StyledDropdownMenu-sc-a0fd1434-6"]{content:"gspLjc,"}/*!sc*/
.hKhSsm{background:linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6));overflow:hidden;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hKhSsm{border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g92[id="styled__ImageWrapperStyled-sc-2c2295e1-1"]{content:"hKhSsm,"}/*!sc*/
.kAqQFG{background-color:white;object-fit:cover;aspect-ratio:1600/600;width:100%;height:100%;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.kAqQFG{border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g93[id="styled__ImageStyled-sc-2c2295e1-2"]{content:"kAqQFG,"}/*!sc*/
.bsTAPu{border-bottom:1px solid rgb(235, 238, 243);}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g94[id="styled__HeaderStyled-sc-2c2295e1-3"]{content:"bsTAPu,"}/*!sc*/
.jCJtHJ{background:inherit;box-sizing:content-box;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g95[id="styled__RelatedContentWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-4"]{content:"jCJtHJ,"}/*!sc*/
.jbrAqA{background:inherit;transition:height 0.3s;box-sizing:content-box;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g96[id="styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5"]{content:"jbrAqA,"}/*!sc*/
.eNxvSa{transition-duration:0.3s;transition-property:filter,height,transform;aspect-ratio:1600/600;background-image:url(https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1149720/large-93e041964718aff1f2703a526f5b512e.webp);background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.eNxvSa{background-image:url(https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1149720/medium-ca593e549a29fd86244dfee899ba0da9.webp);}}/*!sc*/
.cnOSLX{transition-duration:0.3s;transition-property:filter,height,transform;aspect-ratio:1600/600;background-image:url(https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/large-23e137c8718c3e7e7c3436e0925c731d.webp);background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.cnOSLX{background-image:url(https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/medium-432fcc576c0f4a4e1073519de950cbdc.webp);}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g97[id="styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6"]{content:"eNxvSa,cnOSLX,"}/*!sc*/
.cycDCt{background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6));border-radius:10px 10px 0 0;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g98[id="styled__RelatedImgWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-7"]{content:"cycDCt,"}/*!sc*/
.bdXqxJ{text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g99[id="styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8"]{content:"bdXqxJ,"}/*!sc*/
.hfHojJ{line-height:1.5rem;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g101[id="styled__RelatedDescription-sc-2c2295e1-10"]{content:"hfHojJ,"}/*!sc*/
.jkJbIz{cursor:pointer;display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
@media (hover: hover){.jkJbIz .styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6{transform:scale(1);}.jkJbIz:hover .styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6,.jkJbIz:focus .styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6{transform:scale(1.05);}.jkJbIz:hover .styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8,.jkJbIz:focus .styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8{color:rgb(105, 26, 13);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;}.jkJbIz:hover .styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5,.jkJbIz:focus .styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5{height:157px;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g102[id="styled__RelatedCardStyled-sc-2c2295e1-11"]{content:"jkJbIz,"}/*!sc*/
.cWkNQc{min-width:0;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.cWkNQc{margin-left:8.333333333333332%;flex:0 0 83.33333333333334%;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.cWkNQc{margin-left:16.666666666666664%;flex:0 0 66.66666666666666%;}}/*!sc*/
.dagzBg{min-width:0;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.dagzBg{margin-left:8.333333333333332%;flex:0 0 41.66666666666667%;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.dagzBg{margin-left:16.666666666666664%;flex:0 0 33.33333333333333%;}}/*!sc*/
.ckeRsZ{min-width:0;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.ckeRsZ{margin-left:0%;flex:0 0 41.66666666666667%;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.ckeRsZ{margin-left:0%;flex:0 0 33.33333333333333%;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g112[id="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0"]{content:"cWkNQc,dagzBg,ckeRsZ,"}/*!sc*/
.jHhhMk{padding-left:0;padding-top:20px;height:100%;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jHhhMk{padding-left:20px;padding-top:20px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jHhhMk{padding-left:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jHhhMk{padding-left:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g113[id="Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1"]{content:"jHhhMk,"}/*!sc*/
.ylcnO{flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-left:0;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.ylcnO{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.ylcnO{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.ylcnO{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.ylcnO{margin-left:-20px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.ylcnO{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.ylcnO{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
.hEDgQU{flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-left:0;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hEDgQU{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.hEDgQU{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.hEDgQU{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hEDgQU{margin-left:-20px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.hEDgQU{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.hEDgQU{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g114[id="Row__RowStyled-sc-a5c2e20d-0"]{content:"ylcnO,hEDgQU,"}/*!sc*/
.igztJQ{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:-20px;height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.igztJQ{margin-top:-20px;margin-left:32px;margin-right:32px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.igztJQ{margin-top:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.igztJQ{margin-top:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
.CbzOM{margin-left:16px;margin-right:16px;margin-top:-20px;height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.CbzOM{margin-top:-20px;margin-left:24px;margin-right:24px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.CbzOM{margin-top:-24px;margin-left:32px;margin-right:32px;}}/*!sc*/
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.CbzOM{margin-top:-24px;margin-left:32px;margin-right:32px;}}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g117[id="Grid__GridStyled-sc-c7f19ef3-0"]{content:"igztJQ,CbzOM,"}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk{word-break:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk div{display:block;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk hr{border-color:#ccc;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk .embedly-embed{max-width:100%;height:unset;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk a:not(.button),.ckSTdk a:not(.button) span{color:rgb(175, 43, 22);font-weight:600;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk a:not(.button):hover,.ckSTdk a:not(.button):hover span{color:rgb(105, 26, 13);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk strong a:not(.button),.ckSTdk strong a:not(.button) span,.ckSTdk strong a:not(.button):hover,.ckSTdk strong a:not(.button):hover span{font-weight:700;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk img{max-width:100%;display:inline-block;object-fit:contain;object-position:top;vertical-align:baseline;height:unset;margin-right:16px;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk img[style*='float: right']{margin-left:16px;margin-right:0;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk .img-left{float:left;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk .img-right{float:right;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk .img-center{float:none;margin:0;text-align:center;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk figure{margin:0 16px 0 0;float:left;display:inline-block;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk figure img{margin:0;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk figure.align-center{margin:0 auto;float:none;display:table;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk figure figcaption,.ckSTdk figcaption{margin-top:0.25rem;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;text-align:center;min-width:auto;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk h1,.ckSTdk h2,.ckSTdk h3,.ckSTdk h4,.ckSTdk h5,.ckSTdk h6{font-weight:400;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk h1{font-size:2.3076923076923075rem;line-height:2.8461538461538463rem;margin-bottom:2.1rem;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk h2{font-size:1.6923076923076923rem;line-height:2.0769230769230766rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk h3{font-size:1.3846153846153846rem;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;margin-bottom:1.4rem;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk h4{font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;line-height:1.5384615384615383rem;margin-bottom:1.3rem;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk h5{font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;margin-bottom:1.2rem;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk h6{font-size:0.9230769230769231rem;line-height:1.1538461538461537rem;margin-bottom:1.1rem;}/*!sc*/
@media (min-width: 1024px){.ckSTdk h1{font-size:2.4615384615384617rem;line-height:3rem;}.ckSTdk h2{font-size:1.8461538461538463rem;line-height:2.230769230769231rem;}.ckSTdk h3{font-size:1.5384615384615383rem;line-height:1.8461538461538463rem;}.ckSTdk h4{font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;line-height:1.5384615384615383rem;}.ckSTdk h5{font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;}.ckSTdk h6{font-size:0.9230769230769231rem;line-height:1.1538461538461537rem;}}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk .mce-content-body [data-mce-selected='inline-boundary']{outline:1px solid #b4d7ff;outline-offset:0;background-color:transparent;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk blockquote{display:block;font-style:italic;font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times New Roman',serif;padding:2px 0;border-style:solid;border-color:#ccc;border-width:0;margin:1em 1.5em;padding-left:20px;padding-right:8px;border-left-width:2px;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk blockquote p{margin:1em 0;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk p{margin-bottom:20px;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk span,.ckSTdk a{line-height:1.215;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk p,.ckSTdk li,.ckSTdk td{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk strong,.ckSTdk b{font-weight:600;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk i,.ckSTdk cite,.ckSTdk em,.ckSTdk var,.ckSTdk address,.ckSTdk dfn{font-style:italic;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk u,.ckSTdk ins{text-decoration:underline;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk s,.ckSTdk strike,.ckSTdk del{text-decoration:line-through;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk sub{vertical-align:sub;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk sup{vertical-align:super;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk sub,.ckSTdk sup{font-size:smaller;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk tt,.ckSTdk code,.ckSTdk kbd,.ckSTdk samp{font-family:monospace;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk q{quotes:initial;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk q::before{content:open-quote;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk q::after{content:close-quote;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk big{font-size:larger;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk small{font-size:smaller;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk .marker{background-color:Yellow;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table td,.ckSTdk table th{vertical-align:top;padding:0.4rem;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table thead td,.ckSTdk table th{font-weight:600;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[border]:not([border="0"]):not([style*=border-color]) td,.ckSTdk table[border]:not([border="0"]):not([style*=border-color]) th{border:solid 1px currentColor;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: hidden"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: hidden"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="hidden"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="hidden"] th{border-style:hidden!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: dotted"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: dotted"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="dotted"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="dotted"] th{border-style:dotted!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: dashed"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: dashed"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="dashed"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="dashed"] th{border-style:dashed!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: solid"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: solid"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="solid"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="solid"] th{border-style:solid!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: double"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: double"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="double"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="double"] th{border-style:double!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: groove"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: groove"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="groove"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="groove"] th{border-style:groove!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: ridge"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: ridge"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="ridge"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="ridge"] th{border-style:ridge!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: inset"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: inset"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="inset"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="inset"] th{border-style:inset!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: outset"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: outset"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="outset"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="outset"] th{border-style:outset!important;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table[border='0'],.ckSTdk table[border='0'] td,.ckSTdk table[border='0'] th{border:none;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk table td img,.ckSTdk table th img{height:unset;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ul,.ckSTdk ol{padding-left:0;counter-reset:counter;margin-left:40px;margin-block-start:1em;margin-block-end:1em;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ul li,.ckSTdk ol li{list-style:none;counter-increment:counter;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ul li[style*='text-align: center']::before,.ckSTdk ul li[style*='text-align: right']::before,.ckSTdk ol li[style*='text-align: center']::before,.ckSTdk ol li[style*='text-align: right']::before{position:relative;left:-0.5em;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ul li::before,.ckSTdk ol li::before{position:absolute;right:calc(100% + 0.5em);text-wrap:nowrap;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ul li::before{content:counter(counter, disc) ' ';}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ol li::before{content:counter(counter) '. ';}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ul[style*='list-style-type: circle']>li::before{content:counter(counter, circle) ' ';}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ul[style*='list-style-type: square']>li::before{content:counter(counter, square) ' ';font-family:sans-serif;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: lower-roman']>li::before{content:counter(counter, lower-roman) '. ';}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: lower-alpha']>li::before{content:counter(counter, lower-alpha) '. ';}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: lower-greek']>li::before{content:counter(counter, lower-greek) '. ';}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: upper-roman']>li::before{content:counter(counter, upper-roman) '. ';}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: upper-alpha']>li::before{content:counter(counter, upper-alpha) '. ';}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk li>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk li>p{margin-top:0;}/*!sc*/
.ckSTdk li[style*='text-align: center']>p:first-child,.ckSTdk li[style*='text-align: right']>p:first-child{display:inline;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g119[id="HtmlContentWrapperWithStyle-sc-d185182e-0"]{content:"ckSTdk,"}/*!sc*/
.dSKAKJ:after{content:'';clear:both;display:table;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g120[id="PublicationText__Wrapper-sc-272ab012-0"]{content:"dSKAKJ,"}/*!sc*/
.jYtrQc{margin:0px;padding:0px;word-break:break-word;line-height:2rem;}/*!sc*/
data-styled.g121[id="ClampedLinkWorkaround-sc-7be7fc1a-0"]{content:"jYtrQc,"}/*!sc*/
</style></head><body style="background:#FBF9F9"><div hidden=""><!--$--><!--/$--></div><a href="#po-main-container" class="SkipToContent__SkipLinkStyled-sc-8b3f6f37-0 csngdr"><span class="SkipToContent__SkipLinkStyledWrapper-sc-8b3f6f37-1 cJSLnI">Skip to content</span></a><header class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__HeaderWrapper-sc-3a0d7762-0 dknTMx cogoFq"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 igWYoV"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__MenuWrapper-sc-1ef64261-0 eSvYQq jBukBh"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 OzLcp"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 fixJqw"><span class="ScreenReadersContent__ScreenReadersContentStyled-sc-83356440-0 gbjNWG">Toggle main navigation</span><svg data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars ui__StyledFaIcon-sc-c7b1475b-0 ghQxMU" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" aria-hidden="true" style="--fa-animation-delay:0;--fa-animation-duration:2s;--fa-animation-iteration-count:infinite;--fa-width:auto;height:28px" color="link"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64l384 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32L32 128C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32l384 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32L32 288c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32L32 448c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32l384 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></div></div><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/" style="height:48px"><img alt="Resilience in Software Foundation logo" height="48px" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp"/></a></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 iJJmoV"><div role="navigation" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 aYqWX styled__MenuWrapper-sc-a0fd1434-0 iTWIH"><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/" style="height:48px"><img alt="Resilience in Software Foundation logo" height="48px" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp"/></a><ul aria-label="Main navigation" class="styled__StyledUl-sc-a0fd1434-1 cQUrJN"><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/memberships" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Become a Member</span></a></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/donations" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Donate</span></a></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/events" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Events</span></a></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/news" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Blog</span></a></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/page/about-us" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">About Us</span></a><ul class="styled__StyledSubMenu-sc-a0fd1434-4 cUcSgn"><li><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/page/bylaws" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cDKQNo"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Bylaws</span></a></li><li><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/page/policies" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cDKQNo"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Policies</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="https://www.bonfire.com/store/risf/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Store</span></a></li></ul><div aria-controls="desktop_dropdown_menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__StyledMoreItems-sc-a0fd1434-5 eSvYQq jiaoIP">More<span class="ScreenReadersContent__ScreenReadersContentStyled-sc-83356440-0 gbjNWG">Open dropdown to see remaining menu items</span><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 gBRcit"><svg data-prefix="far" data-icon="chevron-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-down ui__StyledFaIcon-sc-c7b1475b-0 jaoDiy" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" aria-hidden="true" style="--fa-animation-delay:0;--fa-animation-duration:2s;--fa-animation-iteration-count:infinite;--fa-width:auto;height:12px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M207.5 409c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l200-200c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9s-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-183 183-183-183c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0s-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l200 200z"></path></svg></div><ul id="desktop_dropdown_menu" class="styled__StyledDropdownMenu-sc-a0fd1434-6 gspLjc"></ul></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 cRlXbW"><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/login" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span style="white-space:nowrap" class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Log in</span></a><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 hnhZrX"><div data-testid="button-in-link-wrapper" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 eSvYQq"><a style="display:inline-flex" class="createStyledLink__StyledNextLink-sc-7f272c51-2 cIojFh ButtonInLink__StyledLink-sc-3e53b94f-0 bYyACd" href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/signup"><span data-testid="signup-link" style="background-color:rgb(235, 238, 244);border-color:transparent;border-radius:5px;border-width:0;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-family:inherit;font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:600;opacity:1;padding:0px 16px" class="Wrapper-sc-e96089af-0 ezolrG"><div class="LoaderWrapper-sc-62e4144e-0 dXBZTM"><div aria-hidden="true" data-testid="loader" role="status" class="Loader__LoaderWrapper-sc-e2c1f715-2 bhQsRe"><svg data-testid="loader-svg" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" class="Loader__RotatingSvg-sc-e2c1f715-0 eRGDry"><circle cx="8" cy="8" data-testid="loader-circle" fill="none" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-dasharray="43.982297150257104" stroke-width="2" style="--dash-max:39.58406743523139;--dash-mid:21.991148575128552" class="Loader__DashCircle-sc-e2c1f715-1 hMnjPg"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="InnerWrapper-sc-face0ce4-0 cckkvh">Become a Member</div></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></header><div id="po-main-container" role="main" tabindex="-1" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 ebKXnA"><div data-testid="@hivebrite/frontoffice-news/show" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 cOKCCX"><div class="Grid__GridStyled-sc-c7f19ef3-0 igztJQ"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Row__RowStyled-sc-a5c2e20d-0 jSILAH ylcnO"><div tabindex="-1" class="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0 cWkNQc"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1 kxQFCu jHhhMk"><div data-testid="news-cover-picture" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__ImageWrapperStyled-sc-2c2295e1-1 eSvYQq hKhSsm"><img loading="eager" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/ultra_wide-1317757bfc6e3b52de32673e32511dd3.webp" alt="" decoding="async" fetchPriority="high" class="ui__StyledImg-sc-9b9ac9c0-0 llRGgU styled__ImageStyled-sc-2c2295e1-2 kAqQFG"/></div><div data-testid="news-content" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__WrapperContentStyled-sc-2c2295e1-0 ercVhJ eOJpUd"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__HeaderStyled-sc-2c2295e1-3 fScRFm bsTAPu"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 fzdQzq"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 cNWsPK"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 bRccPD"><h1 class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 biNsvt">MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You</h1><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 ldkrga"></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 jYXfit">Published on February 27, 2025</div><div style="height:48px"></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 bWsukS"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 cXOiip"></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 PublicationText__Wrapper-sc-272ab012-0 bSDPrX dSKAKJ"><div class="HtmlContentWrapperWithStyle-sc-d185182e-0 ckSTdk"><p dir="ltr"><em>Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touting the benefits of MTTR so I thought it was time to dust off these data that show how unreliable and unhelpful MTTR is to software organizations.</em></p>
<p dir="ltr">Software organizations tend to value measurement, iteration, and improvement based on data. These are great things for an organization to focus on; however, this has led to an industry practice of calculating and tracking Mean Time to Resolve, or MTTR. While it’s understandable to want to have a clear metric for tracking incident resolution, MTTR is problematic for a number of reasons.&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">The first is solely statistical: based on data evaluated by <a href="https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Stepan Davidovič</a>, <a href="https://mcusercontent.com/ad9b3a31c069c03a14227a79c/files/29e138f4-05b7-f560-a7d5-c337538a93eb/2022_Void_Report.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">The VOID</a>, and <a href="https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/12/01/mttr-when-sample-means-and-power-laws-combine-trouble-follows/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Lorin Hochstein</a>, measures of central tendency like the mean, aren’t a good representation of positively-skewed data, in which most values are clustered around the left side of the distribution while the right tail of the distribution is longer and contains fewer values. The mean will be influenced by the spread of the data, and the inherent outliers. Consider these (real incident) data from the VOID:</p>
<p><img style="float: left;" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-44d78820818cf1ea95e281d2af7570b6.webp" alt="" width="600" height="360"></p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">The mean is clearly well to the right of the majority of the data points in the distribution—this is to be expected for a positively-skewed distribution with a small set of large outliers. So next you might consider a different MTTR: <em>Median</em> Time to Respond. The median value will be less influenced by outliers, so it might be a better representation of the data that you could use over time.&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr"><img src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-abbea1838de2f74b8b2b48b0a403cff6.webp" alt="" width="600" height="349"></p>
<p dir="ltr">That certainly looks more representative, and your putative incident response metric just got 2.5 hours better simply by looking at it this way. Which begs the question: what actionable conclusions can you reach based on this information? Presumably, you calculate and track a metric like this in order to improve (or know when things are getting worse), which means you need to be able to detect changes in that metric.</p>
<p dir="ltr">This is where Stepan Davidovič was able to demonstrate something really powerful&nbsp;<a href="https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">in his report on MTTR</a>, which is also applicable to these data.&nbsp;Davidovič demonstrated both with empirical data and Monte Carlo simulations how incident duration data do not lend themselves to reliable calculations of improvement related to any central tendency calculations of incident duration (or overall incident count). If you’re not familiar with Monte Carlo simulations, think of it as an A/B test on simulated data instead of real-world production data.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Davidovič took two different, equally-sized samples from three companies’ incident data, and compared the two sets, one which had experimental changes applied to it (e.g. a 10% improvement in incident duration), and the other which had no changes and acted as the control. He then calculated the MTTR difference between the two samples over a series of 100K simulations, such that a positive value indicates an improvement, or shortening of MTTR.</p>
<figure class="image"><img src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-ccbbdb85b79c5ebf5f46a8e172a58fd8.webp" alt="" width="600" height="360">
<figcaption>Source: Incident Metrics in SRE (Google/O’Reilly)</figcaption>
</figure>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">38% of the simulations had the MTTR difference fall below zero for Company A, 40% for Company B, and 20% for Company C. Looking at the absolute change in MTTR, the probability of detecting&nbsp; a 15-minute improvement is only 49%, 50%, and 64%, respectively. I don't know about you, but personally I wouldn't take those odds.</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">Even though the experimental condition shortened incidents, the odds of detecting any improvement at all are well outside the tolerance of 10% random flukes.</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">Both the VOID report and Lorin’s experiments show the same outcomes. If the metric you’re using isn’t itself reliable, then how could it possibly be valuable as a broader measure of system reliability?</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">MTTx Are Shallow Data</h3>
<p dir="ltr">The second problem with MTTx metrics is they are trying to simplify something that is inherently complex. They tell us little about what an incident is really like for the organization, which can vary wildly in terms of the number of people and teams involved, the level of stress, what is needed technically and organizationally to fix it, and what the team learned as a result. MTTx (along with other data like severity, impact, count, and so on) are what John Allspaw calls <a href="https://www.adaptivecapacitylabs.com/blog/2018/03/23/moving-past-shallow-incident-data/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">“shallow” incident data</a>. They are appealing because they appear to make clear, concrete sense of what are really messy, surprising situations that don’t lend themselves to simple summaries.&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">Two incidents of the same length can have dramatically different levels of surprise and uncertainty in how people came to understand what was happening. They can also contain wildly different risks with respect to taking actions that are meant to mitigate or improve the situation.</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">The length of an incident yields little internally actionable information about the incident. Consider two chess games of the same length but very different pace, expertise, and complexity of moves; feature films that generally all clock in at around two hours but can have wildly different plots, complexity of characters, production budgets; War and Peace (~1,200 pages) vs. Slaughterhouse Five (~200 pages).&nbsp;</p>
<h3 dir="ltr">Moving Beyond MTTx</h3>
<p dir="ltr">Ideally, given these data, organizations should stop using MTTX, or TTx data in general, as a metric related to organizational performance or reliability. First and foremost, if you are collecting this metric, chart the distribution of your incident data. If they’re positively skewed, then you’re not measuring what you think you’re measuring with MTTx, and you can’t rely on it.&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">Second, ask yourself what decisions you’re making based on those data. Are you prioritizing hiring SREs, or are you trying to justify budget or infrastructure investments? What could you decide given either a decrease or increase in TTx (were that a reliable metric)?&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="ltr">Given that MTTx metrics are not a meaningful indicator of an organization’s reliability or performance, the obvious question is what should organizations use instead? I’d like to challenge the premise of this question. While rolled-up quantitative metrics are often presented on organizational dashboards, quarterly reviews, and board presentations, they generally fail to capture the underlying complexity of software-related incidents. That said, it may not be possible to immediately or completely abandon metrics that management or execs want to see. Vanessa Huerta Granda wrote an <a href="https://www.learningfromincidents.io/posts/looking-beyond-the-metrics" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">excellent post</a> detailing a process of using MTTR and incident count metrics as a way to “set the direction of the analysis we do around our entire incident universe.” They can be an excellent jumping-off point to then present the insights, themes, and desired outcomes of detailed qualitative incident analyses that highlight knowledge gaps, production pressures and trade-offs, and organizational/socio-technical misalignments, which are also an important form of data:&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">Because we had that [qualitative] data we were able to make strategic recommendations that led to improvements in how we do our work. In addition, having that data allowed us to get buy-in from leadership to make a number of changes; both in our technology as well as in our culture. We beefed up a number of tools and processes, our product teams started attending retrospectives and prioritizing action items, most importantly everyone across the org had a better understanding of what all went behind ‘keeping the lights on.’</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">If quantitative metrics are still something your org is asking for, I suggest focusing on Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and cost of coordination data. Chapter 17 of <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Implementing-Service-Level-Objectives-Practical/dp/1492076813" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Implementing Service Level Objectives</a> covers using SLOs as a substitute for MTTx and other common problematic reliability metrics. If people or staffing is something you need metrics for, consider tracking how many people were involved in each incident, across how many teams, and at what levels of the organization—these factors are what Dr. Laura Maguire deemed “hidden costs of coordination” that can add to the cognitive demands of people responding to incidents. There’s a big difference between a 30-minute incident that involves 10 people from three engineering teams, executives, and PR versus one that an engineer or two puzzles over for a day or so, and is lower impact.</p>
<p dir="ltr">I am aware of a number of companies that have moved away from tracking shallow incident metrics, and none of them regret walking away from those practices. If you're looking for folks who are actively working on these kinds of issues in their own organizations, you can find us by <a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/memberships" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">becoming an RISF member</a>.</p>
<p dir="ltr"><strong>MTTR Resources</strong>:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://mcusercontent.com/ad9b3a31c069c03a14227a79c/files/29e138f4-05b7-f560-a7d5-c337538a93eb/2022_Void_Report.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">2022 VOID Report</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Incident Metrics in SRE</a> (Google Report)</li>
<li><a href="https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/12/01/mttr-when-sample-means-and-power-laws-combine-trouble-follows/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">MTTR: When Sample Means and Power Laws Combine, Trouble Follows</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.adaptivecapacitylabs.com/2018/03/23/moving-past-shallow-incident-data/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Moving Past Shallow Incident Data</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.infoq.com/articles/incident-metrics-void/" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Moving Past Simple Incident Metrics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.learningfromincidents.io/posts/looking-beyond-the-metrics" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">Making Sense out of Incident Metrics</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><img src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e97b2109dcb18d7b21ff07ed8f44f1de.webp" alt="" width="132" height="145"><strong>Courtney Nash</strong></p>
<p>Founder, The VOID</p>
<p>VP, Resilience in Software Foundation</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/feeds/fbfef454aa2263e27c3975d1ff28ed2815c5/communication_posts.xml" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">RSS feed</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 nSVk"><div class="Grid__GridStyled-sc-c7f19ef3-0 CbzOM"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Row__RowStyled-sc-a5c2e20d-0 jSILAH ylcnO"><div tabindex="-1" class="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0 dagzBg"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1 kxQFCu jHhhMk"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 goizoB">Other news</div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Row__RowStyled-sc-a5c2e20d-0 jNYxIR hEDgQU"><div tabindex="-1" class="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0 dagzBg"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1 kxQFCu jHhhMk"><a data-testid="default-link-element" href="/news/1149720"><div tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Card-sc-2ed53ea2-0 styled__RelatedCardStyled-sc-2c2295e1-11 dQNeud jgrSBy jkJbIz"><div data-testid="news-cover-wrapper" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedImgWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-7 hZbbrS cycDCt"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6 ehDvKl eNxvSa"></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedContentWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-4 hrksWC jCJtHJ"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5 bZeHqR jbrAqA"><div data-testid="link-to-news" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 eSvYQq"><h3 class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8 hVyqKD bdXqxJ"><div class="ClampedLinkWorkaround-sc-7be7fc1a-0 jYtrQc">Three Takes on Four Concepts for Resilience Engineering</div></h3></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedDateStyled-sc-2c2295e1-9 jwSNmt">February 19, 2025</div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedDescription-sc-2c2295e1-10 eSvYQq hfHojJ"><div>Ed note: The first time I read Dr. David Woods&#x27; paper Four Concepts for Resilience Engineering, I felt so many things click in my brain. While the field of Resilience Engineering is not new, those of us in the software industry are relatively new to RE, and seeing a paper that is so clearly applicable to software systems left a strong impression on me. When I reached out to the RISF community for </div></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div tabindex="-1" class="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0 ckeRsZ"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1 kxQFCu jHhhMk"><a data-testid="default-link-element" href="/news/1288714"><div tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Card-sc-2ed53ea2-0 styled__RelatedCardStyled-sc-2c2295e1-11 dQNeud jgrSBy jkJbIz"><div data-testid="news-cover-wrapper" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedImgWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-7 hZbbrS cycDCt"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6 ehDvKl cnOSLX"></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedContentWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-4 hrksWC jCJtHJ"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5 bZeHqR jbrAqA"><div data-testid="link-to-news" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 eSvYQq"><h3 class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8 hVyqKD bdXqxJ"><div class="ClampedLinkWorkaround-sc-7be7fc1a-0 jYtrQc">Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader</div></h3></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedDateStyled-sc-2c2295e1-9 jwSNmt">July 29, 2025</div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedDescription-sc-2c2295e1-10 eSvYQq hfHojJ"><div>Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has been pivotal in shaping how I understand failures in complex systems and Resilience Engineering, and how I incorporate this into my overall approach as an engineering leader. (Also, the spelling is New Zealand English.) So you’re an Enginee</div></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div><footer data-testid="public-footer" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 gSMlAf"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 fzHJGr"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 PublicFooter__FooterGrid-sc-53239817-0 gVbWAc cfIpyX"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 jEIODi"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 bSDPrX"><img alt="" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-3f248e83a4a0d6bf5f88b14a073f1c2f.webp" class="PublicFooter__StyledImage-sc-53239817-1 hxTiJU"/></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 kYiAMs"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 hluIfI"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0 khFeJe dGhvCS">Contact</div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0 gdnuBL dGhvCS"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="51383f373e11233422383d38343f3234383f223e3725263023347f3e2336">[email&#160;protected]</a></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 kYiAMs"></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 gmCshB"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 jrnWJj"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0 iRGxs dGhvCS">Cookies</div><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 createStyledFakeLink__StyledFakeLink-sc-bae562c9-0 xGrDF gLXmbg ResetCookies__FakeLinkStyled-sc-99c0c969-0 eemYpp">Withdraw cookie consent</div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 jBeuqC"><div data-testid="footer-social-links" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 eSjgri"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 fKvwcs"><a title="RISF" data-testid="default-link-element" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/resilience-in-software-foundation" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg data-prefix="fab" data-icon="linkedin" class="svg-inline--fa fa-linkedin ui__StyledFaIcon-sc-c7b1475b-0 ghQxMU" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" aria-hidden="true" style="--fa-animation-delay:0;--fa-animation-duration:2s;--fa-animation-iteration-count:infinite;--fa-width:auto;height:24px" color="publicFooterColor"><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 32L31.9 32C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3L0 447.7C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480L416 480c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3l0-383.4C448 46.5 433.6 32 416 32zM135.4 416l-66.4 0 0-213.8 66.5 0 0 213.8-.1 0zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77zM384.3 416l-66.4 0 0-104c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9l0 105.8-66.4 0 0-213.8 63.7 0 0 29.2 .9 0c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9l0 117.2z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 etVpkk"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0 HivebriteDisclaimer__StyledLink-sc-555f750b-0 gTVMTY dGhvCS cszkxb"><a href="https://hivebrite.io/">Community engagement platform</a> by Hivebrite.</div></div></div></div></footer><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0x3xkgg58au6y.js" id="_R_" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:\"$Sreact.fragment\"\n3:I[339756,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"default\"]\n4:I[837457,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"default\"]\n6:I[897367,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"OutletBoundary\"]\n7:\"$Sreact.suspense\"\na:I[897367,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ViewportBoundary\"]\nc:I[897367,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"MetadataBoundary\"]\ne:I[228154,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0_yn_tfn0gu0m.js\"],\"default\"]\n13:I[479520,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"\"]\n14:I[597724,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"EnvVariablesProvider\"]\n15:I[559076,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"FeatureFlagsProvider\"]\n16:I[112525,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"QueryClientProvider\"]\n17:I[54556,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-q"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"z96jh.js\"],\"ClientSdkProvider\"]\n18:I[675915,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"StyledComponentsRegistry\"]\n19:I[622627,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"TranslationsProvider\"]\n1b:I[505911,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ThemeProvider\"]\n23:I[668278,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"StagingLoggerHelper\"]\n24:I[663941,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"SkipToContent\"]\n25:I[182235,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2j5e0t58khzrz.js\"],\"Box\"]\n26:I[663941,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"PO_MAIN_CONTENT_ID\"]\n27:I[276502,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3no77d5_iriq9.js\"],\"default\"]\n29:I[32887,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ToastsContainer\"]\n2a:I[743204,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2j5e0t58khzrz.js\"],\"SimpleCard\"]\n2b:I[279843,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chu"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"nks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ClientFooter\"]\n2c:I[96706,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"HeaderWrapper\"]\n2d:I[340712,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"MenuWrapper\"]\n2e:I[289875,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"Navigation\"]\n31:I[659481,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"MenuWrapper\"]\n32:I[274397,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"Navigation\"]\n34:I[681113,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"CookieBanner\"]\n35:I[659481,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"StyledLink\"]\n36:I[96706,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"StyledSpan\"]\n37:I[603928,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ButtonInLink\"]\n38:I[527366,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"LanguagePicker\"]\n:HL[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/322hzq53y-ate.css\",\"style\"]\n:HL[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0wx0vdnm7hdmy.css\",\"style\"]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"font\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\"}]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"style\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"media\":\"screen\"}]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"font\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\"}]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"style\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"media\":\"screen\"}]\n:HL[\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\",\"image\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"0:{\"P\":null,\"c\":[\"\",\"news\",\"1157532\"],\"q\":\"\",\"i\":false,\"f\":[[[\"\",{\"children\":[\"news\",{\"children\":[[\"id\",\"1157532\",\"d\",null],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]}]}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",16],[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/322hzq53y-ate.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"1\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0wx0vdnm7hdmy.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-1\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-2\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-3\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-4\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-5\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]],\"$L2\"]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[\"$L5\",[[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0riv-c36uxb26.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-1\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2nz2yvxj21ukn.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]],[\"$\",\"$L6\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$7\",null,{\"name\":\"Next.MetadataOutlet\",\"children\":\"$@8\"}]}]]}],{},null,false,null]},null,false,\"$@9\"]},null,false,\"$@9\"]},null,false,null],[\"$\",\"$1\",\"h\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$La\",null,{\"children\":\"$Lb\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"hidden\":true,\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lc\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$7\",null,{\"name\":\"Next.Metadata\",\"children\":\"$Ld\"}]}]}],null]}],false]],\"m\":\"$undefined\",\"G\":[\"$e\",[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/322hzq53y-ate.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"1\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0wx0vdnm7hdmy.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]]],\"S\":false,\"h\":null,\"s\":\"$undefined\",\"l\":\"$undefined\",\"p\":\"$undefined\",\"d\":\"$undefined\",\"b\":\"mXfojYpjutBvZIluylea3\"}\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f:[]\n9:\"$Wf\"\nb:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}]]\n2:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"suppressHydrationWarning\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"head\",null,{\"children\":\"$L10\"}],null,[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"style\":{\"background\":\"#FBF9F9\"},\"children\":\"$L11\"}],\"$L12\",[\"$\",\"$L13\",null,{\"id\":\"RedirectIEToEdge\",\"children\":\"\\n if (/MSIE \\\\d|Trident.*rv:/u.test(navigator.userAgent)) {\\n window.location = 'microsoft-edge:' + window.location;\\n }\\n \"}]]}]\n10:[[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"as\":\"font\",\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"rel\":\"preload\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"media\":\"screen\",\"rel\":\"stylesheet\"}],[[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"as\":\"font\",\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"rel\":\"preload\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"media\":\"screen\",\"rel\":\"stylesheet\"}]],[\"$\",\"style\",null,{\"children\":\"\\n :root {\\n --font-family: Open Sans;\\n }\\n\\n body, button, input, textarea { font-family: var(--font-family), Inter, Nunito, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif !important; }\\n \"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"11:[\"$\",\"$L14\",null,{\"value\":{\"REMOVE_NEXT_CACHE\":\"false\",\"CLUSTER\":\"usprod\",\"ENV\":\"prod\",\"NODE_ENV\":\"production\",\"VERSION\":\"2.9.0\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L15\",null,{\"value\":{\"flags\":{\"flagsLoaded\":true,\"flag-activate-front-monitoring-datadog\":true,\"flag-ue-new-outdated-browser-detection\":false,\"flag-uj-ai-content-recommendation-right-side\":true,\"flag-ujb-group-header-redesign\":true,\"flag-cl-news-sort-by-popularity\":false}},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L16\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L17\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L18\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"locale\":\"en\",\"resources\":{\"en\":{\"design-system\":{\"accessibility\":{\"cleanInput\":\"Clean this input value\",\"cleanInputNamed\":\"Clear {{field}}\",\"closeSubNav\":\"Close sub-navigation of {{title}}\",\"displayNextResults\":\"Display next results\",\"displayPreviousResults\":\"Display previous results\",\"expandSubNav\":\"Expand sub-navigation of {{title}}\",\"filterByCategory\":\"Filter by category\",\"nextPage\":\"Next page\",\"page\":\"Page {{page}}\",\"previousPage\":\"Previous page\",\"selectLanguage\":\"Select a language\",\"uploadImage\":\"Upload your image\"},\"action\":{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"close\":\"Close\",\"edit\":\"Edit\",\"link\":\"Link\",\"moreActions\":\"More actions\",\"ok\":\"OK\",\"remove\":\"Remove\",\"save\":\"Save\",\"viewDetails\":\"View details\"},\"combobox\":{\"clearAll\":\"Clear all\",\"clearSelection\":\"Clear selection\",\"create\":\"Create \\\"{{value}}\\\"\",\"loading\":\"Loading…\",\"lockedItem\":\"locked\",\"noOptions\":\"No options available\",\"noResults\":\"No results found\",\"removeItem\":\"Remove {{label}}\",\"searchUnavailable\":\"Search unavailable. Please try again.\",\"toggleSuggestions\":\"Toggle suggestions\",\"typeToSearch\":\"Type to search\"},\"common\":{\"and\":\"and\",\"loading\":\"Loading…\"},\"contentList\":{\"belongsTo\":\"Belongs to:\",\"documentCount_few\":\"{{count}} documents\",\"documentCount_many\":\"{{count}} documents\",\"documentCount_one\":\"One document\",\"documentCount_other\":\"{{count}} documents\",\"goToUser\":\"Go to user {{name}}\",\"imageCount_few\":\"{{count}} images\",\"imageCount_many\":\"{{count}} images\",\"imageCount_one\":\"One image\",\"imageCount_other\":\"{{count}} images\",\"items\":\"items\",\"leftACommentOn\":\"left a comment on\",\"typeOfContent\":\"Type of content:\",\"videoCount_few\":\"{{count}} videos\",\"videoCount_many\":\"{{count}} videos\",\"videoCount_one\":\"One video\",\"videoCount_other\":\"{{count}} videos\"},\"contentType\":{\"comment\":\"Comment\",\"event\":\"Event\",\"file\":\"File\",\"folder\":\"Folder\",\"forum\":\"Forum\",\"group\":\"Group\",\"news\":\"News\",\"opportunity\":\"Opportunity\",\"organization\":\"Organization\",\"page\":\"Page\",\"post\":\"Post\",\"project\":\"Project\"},\"cookieBanner\":{\"acceptAll\":\"Accept all\",\"acceptRequired\":\"Accept required\",\"acceptSelected\":\"Accept selected\",\"closeModalAriaLabel\":\"Close customize privacy settings window\",\"customizeDescription\":\"We use cookies to improve your experience on the platform. You can customize which categories of cookies you wish to accept. Open a category to see which cookies are included and what they are used for.\",\"customizePrivacySettings\":\"Customize privacy settings\",\"functionalCookies\":\"Functional cookies\",\"functionalCookiesDescription\":\"Cookies that enable functionality on the platform. Deactivating these may result in some features not being available to you.\",\"managePreferences\":\"Manage preferences\",\"requiredCookies\":\"Required cookies (always active)\",\"requiredCookiesDescription\":\"Cookies that are essential for critical functionality to work on the platform.\",\"trackingCookies\":\"Tracking cookies\",\"trackingCookiesDescription\":\"Cookies used to gather analytics on user behaviour on the platform in order to make improvements to the user experience.\",\"websiteUsesCookies\":\"Our website uses cookies\"},\"cookieList\":{\"adminSession\":\"Allows the admin session to remain active, without asking you to connect again\",\"analytics\":\"For gathering analytics on platform usage\",\"analyticsModuleDescription\":\"Data visualization tool used in the Analytics module. Cookies allow the admin session to remain active \u0026 secured for navigating through the module\",\"datadog\":\"Used to monitor application health\",\"differentiateUsers\":\"To differentiate between connected and non-connected users\",\"distinguishUsers\":\"Used to distinguish users\",\"facebookPurpose\":\"Displaying Facebook feeds/posts in the Live Feed of the platform\",\"hydraSession\":\"Used to securely log you in and maintain your session.\",\"identifyUser\":\"To identify the user\",\"jimoDescription\":\"Knowledge and Communications tool used to present Hivebrite features, updates and events. Cookies allow the modals, resource menus, tooltips and other content to be displayed per admin.\",\"keepSession\":\"To keep the session open\",\"launchDarkly\":\"Used to control the release of new features\",\"linkedinSignin\":\"For signing in with your LinkedIn account\",\"onlinePayments\":\"For making online payments\",\"outdatedBrowser\":\"To record when outdated browser notification is closed\",\"outdatedBrowserBo\":\"To record when notification of outdated browser is closed\",\"planhatNps\":\"Displaying Net Promoter Score surveys to gather your feedback\",\"recordConsent\":\"To record which cookies the user gives consent for\",\"recordPreferences\":\"To record user preferences such as language\",\"throttleRequests\":\"Used to throttle request rate\",\"twitterPurpose\":\"Displaying Twitter feeds/posts in the Live Feed of the platform\",\"userSearch\":\"Used for the user search in the BO and when you assign user to a role\"},\"cookieSettings\":{\"cookies\":\"Cookies\",\"withdrawConsent\":\"Withdraw cookie consent\"},\"cropAndZoom\":{\"frameSize\":\"Frame size\",\"redo\":\"Redo\",\"revertToOriginal\":\"Revert to Original\",\"title\":\"Crop and zoom\",\"undo\":\"Undo\"},\"datePicker\":{\"clearDate\":\"Clear date\",\"clearDateRange\":\"Clear date range\",\"end\":\"End\",\"endTime\":\"End time\",\"enterDateFormat\":\"Enter the date with your keyboard in the following format: {{format}}\",\"nextMonth\":\"Next month\",\"openCalendar\":\"Open calendar\",\"previousMonth\":\"Previous month\",\"start\":\"Start\",\"startTime\":\"Start time\",\"time\":\"Time\"},\"dropdown\":{\"openLabel\":\"Open dropdown\"},\"embed\":{\"allowOnce\":\"Allow once\",\"alwaysFor\":\"Always for {{providerName}}\",\"cookiesPrivacyPolicy\":\"This media may use cookies and has its own privacy policy. You always can change your choice in privacy settings of your account.\",\"removePreview\":\"Remove embed preview of {{title}}.\",\"showThirdPartyMedia\":\"Show third-party media?\",\"startVideoPreview\":\"Start the video preview\"},\"emojiPicker\":{\"browseAll\":\"Browse all emojis\",\"categories\":\"Emoji categories\",\"frequentlyUsed\":\"Frequently Used\",\"noEmojiFound\":\"Oops! No emoji found\",\"noResults\":\"Try different keywords or browse categories instead\",\"pickEmoji\":\"Pick your emoji above\",\"searchEmojis\":\"Search emojis\",\"searchResults\":\"Search results\",\"skinTone\":\"Skin tone\",\"title\":\"Emoji picker\"},\"emptyContent\":{\"comeBackLater\":\"It shouldn't be long, come back later!\",\"nothingToSee\":\"Nothing to see for the moment\"},\"event\":{\"attendeesLabel\":\"Attendees:\",\"cancelled\":\"Cancelled\",\"online\":\"Online event\"},\"fileInput\":{\"remove\":\"Remove {{label}}\"},\"filters\":{\"clearAll\":\"Clear all filters\",\"more\":\"More filters\",\"moreCount\":\"More filters - {{count}}\",\"sortBy\":\"Sort by:\",\"title\":\"Filters\"},\"gifPicker\":{\"error\":\"Couldn't load GIFs\",\"noResults\":\"No GIFs found\",\"poweredByKlipy\":\"Powered by KLIPY\",\"search\":\"Search GIFs\",\"title\":\"GIF picker\"},\"groupHeader\":{\"logoAlt\":\"Logo of {{groupName}}\",\"manageGroup\":\"Manage group\",\"memberCount_few\":\"{{count}} members\",\"memberCount_many\":\"{{count}} members\",\"memberCount_one\":\"{{count}} member\",\"memberCount_other\":\"{{count}} members\",\"search\":\"Search\"},\"horizontalScrollMenu\":{\"submenu\":\"{{label}} submenu\"},\"image\":{\"changeImage\":\"Change image\",\"chooseImage\":\"Choose an image\",\"imagePosition\":\"Image {{current}} of {{total}}\",\"nextImage\":\"Next image\",\"preview\":\"Image preview\",\"previousImage\":\"Previous image\",\"removeImage\":\"Remove image\"},\"orderSummary\":{\"afterFreeTrial\":\"after the end of your free trial.\",\"afterFreeTrials\":\"after the end of your free trials.\",\"cartEmpty\":\"Your cart is empty\",\"freeTrial_few\":\"{{count}} days\",\"freeTrial_many\":\"{{count}} days\",\"freeTrial_one\":\"{{count}} day\",\"freeTrial_other\":\"{{count}} days\",\"installmentCount_few\":\"({{count}} installments)\",\"installmentCount_many\":\"({{count}} installments)\",\"installmentCount_one\":\"({{count}} installment)\",\"installmentCount_other\":\"({{count}} installments)\",\"now\":\"now\",\"paymentPeriod\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}}\",\"paymentPeriodAnd\":\"And {{recurringPaymentsString}}\",\"paymentPeriodThen\":\"Then {{recurringPaymentsString}}\",\"recurringInstallments_few\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}} for {{count}} installments\",\"recurringInstallments_many\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}} for {{count}} installments\",\"recurringInstallments_one\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}} for {{count}} installment\",\"recurringInstallments_other\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}} for {{count}} installments\",\"recurringTotalThen\":\"Then {{recurringPaymentsString}} for a total of {{totalAmount}}.\",\"then\":\"Then {{value}}{{periodicitySuffix}}\",\"title\":\"Order summary\",\"total\":\"Total\"},\"pageHeader\":{\"addTranslation\":\"Add translation\"},\"pagination\":{\"loadMore\":\"Load More\",\"nextPage\":\"Next page\",\"previousPage\":\"Previous page\"},\"passwordInput\":{\"makeNotReadable\":\"Make password not readable\",\"makeReadable\":\"Make password readable\"},\"pricing\":{\"free\":\"Free\"},\"publicFooter\":{\"contactTitle\":\"Contact\",\"hivebriteDisclaimer\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://hivebrite.io/\\\"\u003eCommunity engagement platform\u003c/a\u003e by Hivebrite.\",\"linksTitle\":\"Links\"},\"reactSelect\":{\"openMenu\":\"Open dropdown menu\",\"removeAll\":\"Remove all values from the dropdown\",\"removeValue\":\"Remove value {{valueLabel}}\",\"search\":\"Search suggestions\"},\"search\":{\"clearFiltersHint\":\"Clear your filters or try again with different search criteria\",\"clearSearch\":\"Clear search\",\"label\":\"Search\",\"matchCount_few\":\"{{count}} matches found\",\"matchCount_many\":\"{{count}} matches found\",\"matchCount_one\":\"{{count}} match found\",\"matchCount_other\":\"{{count}} matches found\",\"noMatches\":\"No matches found\",\"noResult\":\"No result found\",\"results\":\"Results\",\"tryAnother\":\"Try searching another keyword\"},\"select\":{\"noOptions\":\"No options\",\"placeholder\":\"Select an item\"},\"sidePanel\":{\"closed\":\"Side panel closed\",\"content\":\"Side panel content\",\"opened\":\"Side panel opened\"},\"socialLinks\":{\"title\":\"{{title}} on {{social_network}}\"},\"starRating\":{\"label\":\"Rating\",\"starLabel\":\"{{value}} of {{max}} stars\"},\"tags\":{\"all\":\"All\",\"scrollLeft\":\"Scroll filters left\",\"scrollRight\":\"Scroll filters right\",\"seeAll\":\"See all\",\"seeLess\":\"See less\"},\"tooltip\":{\"information\":\"Informations tooltip\"},\"upload\":{\"dragAndDrop\":\"Drag and drop your files\",\"dropFilesHere\":\"Drop your files here!\",\"dropImageHere\":\"Drop your image here\",\"noPermission\":\"You do not have the permission to edit this file.\",\"uploadFile\":\"Upload file\",\"uploadFiles\":\"Upload files\"},\"userCard\":{\"followedBy\":\"Followed by {{name}}\",\"followedByOthers\":\"Followed by {{name}} and {{count}} others\",\"userActions\":\"User actions\"}},\"recommendations\":{\"sidebar\":{\"title\":\"You may also be interested in\"}},\"news\":{\"common\":{\"seeLess\":\"Read less\",\"seeMore\":\"See all\"},\"date\":{\"formats\":{\"alt_format\":\"m/d/Y\",\"date_picker\":\"MM/DD/YYYY\"}},\"list\":{\"card\":{\"a11y\":{\"click\":\"Click to see the news {{ subject }}\"}},\"dateRangeInput\":{\"from\":\"From\",\"to\":\"To\"},\"filter\":{\"a11y\":{\"dateFrom\":\"Filter from published date\",\"dateTo\":\"Filter to published date\"},\"byCategory\":\"Filter by category\",\"dateRange\":\"Publication date (From - To)\",\"keyword\":\"Search by keyword\",\"keywordPlaceholder\":\"Type a name or keyword\"},\"highlighted\":\"Highlighted News\",\"related\":\"Other news\",\"sort\":{\"mostPopular\":\"Most popular\",\"newest\":\"Newest\",\"oldest\":\"Oldest\"}},\"show\":{\"continueReading\":\"Continue reading on website\",\"publishedOn\":\"Published on {{ date }}\",\"shareNews\":\"Share news\",\"shareOn\":\"Share on {{ platform }}\"},\"sidebar\":{\"ariaLabel\":\"Recommended content\"}},\"katana\":{\"a11y\":{\"languageSettings\":\"Select an available language\",\"mainNav\":\"Main navigation\",\"skipToContent\":\"Skip to content\",\"toggleNav\":\"Toggle main navigation\"},\"error\":{\"reloadPage\":\"Reload the page\",\"title\":\"Sorry, something went wrong. Our team has been notified.\",\"whatYouCanDo\":\"Here is what you can do:\"},\"locales\":{\"af\":\"Afrikaans\",\"automatic\":\"Automatically detected\",\"cy\":\"Welsh\",\"da\":\"Danish\",\"de\":\"German\",\"deepbloo\":\"Deepbloo language\",\"el\":\"Greek\",\"en\":\"English (US)\",\"en-GB\":\"English (GB)\",\"en_GB\":\"English (GB)\",\"es\":\"Spanish\",\"fi\":\"Finnish\",\"fr\":\"French\",\"he\":\"Hebrew\",\"hi\":\"Hindi\",\"hu\":\"Hungarian\",\"id\":\"Indonesian\",\"it\":\"Italian\",\"ja\":\"Japanese\",\"ko\":\"Korean\",\"lt\":\"Lithuanian\",\"nb\":\"Norwegian\",\"nl\":\"Dutch (Netherlands)\",\"nl-BE\":\"Dutch (Belgium)\",\"pl\":\"Polish\",\"pt\":\"Portuguese\",\"pt-BR\":\"Brazilian Portuguese\",\"ru\":\"Russian\",\"sv\":\"Swedish\",\"vi\":\"Vietnamese\",\"zh-Hans\":\"Simplified Chinese\",\"zh-Hant\":\"Traditional Chinese\"},\"nav\":{\"more\":\"More\"},\"notFound\":{\"subTagline\":\"Oops! We could not find the page you're looking for.\"},\"ui\":{\"language\":\"Language\"}}}},\"children\":\"$L1a\"}]}]}]}]}]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1a:[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"theming\":{\"po\":{\"po_footer_background_color\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"po_footer_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"po_header_mobile_background_color\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"po_header_social_icons_static_color\":\"#FAFAFA\",\"po_header_static_background_color\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"po_header_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"po_login_button_background_color\":\"#4733FF\",\"po_login_button_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"po_outline_navigation_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"po_header_social_icons_are_displayed\":null,\"po_header_menu_height\":65,\"po_header_is_sticky\":null,\"po_website_header_logo\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\",\"po_website_footer_logo\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-3f248e83a4a0d6bf5f88b14a073f1c2f.webp\"},\"fo\":{\"fo_background_color\":\"#FBF9F9\",\"fo_background_gradient\":{\"type\":\"linear\",\"angle\":180,\"color1\":\"#FBF9F9\",\"color2\":\"#DFEFFF\",\"inlineCSS\":\"linear-gradient(180deg, #FBF9F9 0%, #DFEFFF 100%)\",\"color1Percentage\":0,\"color2Percentage\":100},\"fo_background_type\":\"SOLID\",\"fo_group_menu_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_group_menu_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_header_scrolled_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_scrolled_color\":\"#2B2B2B\",\"fo_header_separator_display\":true,\"fo_header_static_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_links_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_main_navigation_change_on_scroll\":false,\"fo_menu_scrolled_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_scrolled_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_menu_static_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_static_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outboxed_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outline_navigation_scrolled_color\":\"#4733FF\",\"fo_outline_navigation_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_page_header_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_page_header_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_primary_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_website_header_logo\":\"https://d2y9yy6rey1imf.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-6e9c736ad228cd8ee615e7b71ceb9f43.webp?Expires=1789198166\u0026Signature=bYGsnHr7yeei1XJgrFFXuZfzPJWPS33fPdgJuoPZFXDEk1GgV6mCQ5XMoEQtPyqwyK6hmKZXkfjdeujyCJaC9Uqp3X3Ag7pJZWWu35C3qpNd6C2J4yiUBjQyoxLA7DDAgjjm02PiHXEcpHp-mXSRr5y9QiQT3f5F4jzYOVwSmAJQMSE552y0rV3vWCP2yizRsqk61Fmm2dfVUZaH1S4Vlqp4oQJ6w1DgfucfEPj6ClRBaSmvBQS5dHkXYLtQB6BfbqRR25VNa9h08-uIprmwRoBpuXyjt9PmZjBGgIL5DbEU2mNykJQscYlf-RkBDiLYdZasXW7~UcZowggOJIXjyQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=K2AI4HSJ17E2E0\",\"fo_frame_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_frame_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_frame_border_radius\":10,\"fo_frame_drop_shadow\":\"rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1)\",\"fo_frame_elevation_style\":\"DROP_SHADOW\",\"fo_frame_border_color\":\"#EBEEF3\",\"fo_inputs_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_inputs_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_inputs_outline_color\":\"rgb(134, 141, 156)\",\"fo_secondary_button_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_secondary_button_background_color\":\"rgb(235, 238, 244)\",\"fo_button_border_radius\":5},\"global\":{\"google_font_family\":\"Open Sans\",\"custom_font_name\":null,\"custom_font_weight_400\":{\"id\":2067,\"name\":\"400\",\"font_id\":1431,\"created_at\":\"2024-11-13T14:43:43Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2024-11-13T14:43:43Z\"},\"custom_font_weight_700\":{\"id\":2068,\"name\":\"700\",\"font_id\":1431,\"created_at\":\"2024-11-13T14:43:43Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2024-11-13T14:43:43Z\"},\"custom_font_weight_400_woff\":null,\"custom_font_weight_400_ttf\":null,\"custom_font_weight_700_woff\":null,\"custom_font_weight_700_ttf\":null,\"font_type\":\"GOOGLE\",\"header_email\":\"#000\",\"avatar\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-1e239c6b053eb70cfa54be86de82c5b0.webp\",\"favicon\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/thumb-dcbe65ea73d887f3815774e7d4e588c6.webp\",\"mobile_header_logo\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-2137e115e78557599aea12136fd73242.webp\",\"is_unverified_font_selected\":false}},\"children\":[\"$L1c\",\"$L1d\",\"$L1e\",\"$L1f\",\"$L20\",\"$L21\",\"$L22\"]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1c:[\"$\",\"$L23\",null,{}]\n1d:[\"$\",\"$L24\",null,{}]\n1f:[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"display\":\"block\",\"id\":\"$26\",\"minHeight\":\"100vh\",\"pt\":{\"_\":\"92px\",\"l\":\"72px\"},\"role\":\"main\",\"tabIndex\":-1,\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$27\",\"errorStyles\":[],\"errorScripts\":[[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3no77d5_iriq9.js\",\"async\":true}]],\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":[\"$L28\",[]],\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}]}]\n21:[\"$\",\"$L29\",null,{\"env\":\"PO\"}]\n28:[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"alignItems\":\"center\",\"height\":\"100%\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\",\"py\":\"120px\",\"width\":\"100%\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{\"cardProps\":{\"maxWidth\":\"820px\"},\"description\":\"Oops! We could not find the page you're looking for.\",\"icon\":{\"prefix\":\"fal\",\"iconName\":\"robot\",\"icon\":[576,512,[129302],\"f544\",\"M304-16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16s-16 7.2-16 16l0 80-112 0c-53 0-96 43-96 96l0 224c0 53 43 96 96 96l256 0c53 0 96-43 96-96l0-224c0-53-43-96-96-96l-112 0 0-80zM288 96l128 0c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64l0 224c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64l-256 0c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64l0-224c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64l128 0zM160 368c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l32 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16s-7.2-16-16-16l-32 0c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16zm96 0c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l32 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16s-7.2-16-16-16l-32 0c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16zm96 0c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l32 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16s-7.2-16-16-16l-32 0c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16zM240 240a32 32 0 1 1 -64 0 32 32 0 1 1 64 0zm-32-64a64 64 0 1 0 0 128 64 64 0 1 0 0-128zm160 96a32 32 0 1 1 0-64 32 32 0 1 1 0 64zm-64-32a64 64 0 1 0 128 0 64 64 0 1 0 -128 0zM32 208c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16S0 199.2 0 208L0 336c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16s16-7.2 16-16l0-128zm528-16c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 128c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16s16-7.2 16-16l0-128c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16z\"]},\"title\":\"404\"}]}]\n12:null\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"footer\":{\"contactAdditional\":\"\",\"contactEmail\":\"\",\"contactName\":\"info@resilienceinsoftware.org\",\"contactPhone\":\"\",\"displayCookieLink\":true,\"displayHivebriteDisclaimer\":true,\"footerLogoUrl\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-3f248e83a4a0d6bf5f88b14a073f1c2f.webp\",\"officeLocations\":[],\"publicLinks\":[],\"socialLinks\":[{\"linkType\":\"linkedin\",\"title\":\"RISF\",\"url\":\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/resilience-in-software-foundation\"}]},\"theming\":{\"po\":\"$1a:props:theming:po\",\"fo\":{\"fo_background_color\":\"#FBF9F9\",\"fo_background_gradient\":\"$1a:props:theming:fo:fo_background_gradient\",\"fo_background_type\":\"SOLID\",\"fo_group_menu_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_group_menu_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_header_scrolled_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_scrolled_color\":\"#2B2B2B\",\"fo_header_separator_display\":true,\"fo_header_static_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_links_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_main_navigation_change_on_scroll\":false,\"fo_menu_scrolled_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_scrolled_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_menu_static_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_static_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outboxed_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outline_navigation_scrolled_color\":\"#4733FF\",\"fo_outline_navigation_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_page_header_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_page_header_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_primary_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_website_header_logo\":\"https://d2y9yy6rey1imf.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-6e9c736ad228cd8ee615e7b71ceb9f43.webp?Expires=1789198166\u0026Signature=bYGsnHr7yeei1XJgrFFXuZfzPJWPS33fPdgJuoPZFXDEk1GgV6mCQ5XMoEQtPyqwyK6hmKZXkfjdeujyCJaC9Uqp3X3Ag7pJZWWu35C3qpNd6C2J4yiUBjQyoxLA7DDAgjjm02PiHXEcpHp-mXSRr5y9QiQT3f5F4jzYOVwSmAJQMSE552y0rV3vWCP2yizRsqk61Fmm2dfVUZaH1S4Vlqp4oQJ6w1DgfucfEPj6ClRBaSmvBQS5dHkXYLtQB6BfbqRR25VNa9h08-uIprmwRoBpuXyjt9PmZjBGgIL5DbEU2mNykJQscYlf-RkBDiLYdZasXW7~UcZowggOJIXjyQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=K2AI4HSJ17E2E0\",\"fo_frame_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_frame_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_frame_border_radius\":10,\"fo_frame_drop_shadow\":\"rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1)\",\"fo_frame_elevation_style\":\"DROP_SHADOW\",\"fo_frame_border_color\":\"#EBEEF3\",\"fo_inputs_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_inputs_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_inputs_outline_color\":\"rgb(134, 141, 156)\",\"fo_secondary_button_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_secondary_button_background_color\":\"rgb(235, 238, 244)\",\"fo_button_border_radius\":5},\"global\":\"$1a:props:theming:global\"}}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"theming\":{\"po\":\"$1a:props:theming:po\",\"fo\":{\"fo_background_color\":\"#FBF9F9\",\"fo_background_gradient\":\"$1a:props:theming:fo:fo_background_gradient\",\"fo_background_type\":\"SOLID\",\"fo_group_menu_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_group_menu_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_header_scrolled_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_scrolled_color\":\"#2B2B2B\",\"fo_header_separator_display\":true,\"fo_header_static_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_links_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_main_navigation_change_on_scroll\":false,\"fo_menu_scrolled_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_scrolled_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_menu_static_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_static_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outboxed_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outline_navigation_scrolled_color\":\"#4733FF\",\"fo_outline_navigation_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_page_header_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_page_header_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_primary_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_website_header_logo\":\"https://d2y9yy6rey1imf.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-6e9c736ad228cd8ee615e7b71ceb9f43.webp?Expires=1789198166\u0026Signature=bYGsnHr7yeei1XJgrFFXuZfzPJWPS33fPdgJuoPZFXDEk1GgV6mCQ5XMoEQtPyqwyK6hmKZXkfjdeujyCJaC9Uqp3X3Ag7pJZWWu35C3qpNd6C2J4yiUBjQyoxLA7DDAgjjm02PiHXEcpHp-mXSRr5y9QiQT3f5F4jzYOVwSmAJQMSE552y0rV3vWCP2yizRsqk61Fmm2dfVUZaH1S4Vlqp4oQJ6w1DgfucfEPj6ClRBaSmvBQS5dHkXYLtQB6BfbqRR25VNa9h08-uIprmwRoBpuXyjt9PmZjBGgIL5DbEU2mNykJQscYlf-RkBDiLYdZasXW7~UcZowggOJIXjyQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=K2AI4HSJ17E2E0\",\"fo_frame_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_frame_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_frame_border_radius\":10,\"fo_frame_drop_shadow\":\"rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1)\",\"fo_frame_elevation_style\":\"DROP_SHADOW\",\"fo_frame_border_color\":\"#EBEEF3\",\"fo_inputs_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_inputs_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_inputs_outline_color\":\"rgb(134, 141, 156)\",\"fo_secondary_button_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_secondary_button_background_color\":\"rgb(235, 238, 244)\",\"fo_button_border_radius\":5},\"global\":\"$1a:props:theming:global\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"as\":\"header\",\"bg\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"display\":{\"_\":\"block\",\"l\":\"none\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2d\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2e\",null,{\"menuBackgroundColor\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"menuOutlineColor\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"publicHeader\":{\"menu_items\":[{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":456289,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":null,\"feature_name\":\"memberships\",\"is_custom_page\":false,\"menu_name\":\"Become a Member\",\"url\":\"/memberships\"},\"submenus\":[]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":456290,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":null,\"feature_name\":\"donations\",\"is_custom_page\":false,\"menu_name\":\"Donate\",\"url\":\"/donations\"},\"submenus\":[]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":456281,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":null,\"feature_name\":\"events\",\"is_custom_page\":false,\"menu_name\":\"Events\",\"url\":\"/events\"},\"submenus\":[]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":456285,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":null,\"feature_name\":\"news\",\"is_custom_page\":false,\"menu_name\":\"Blog\",\"url\":\"/news\"},\"submenus\":[]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":460069,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":\"about-us\",\"feature_name\":null,\"is_custom_page\":true,\"menu_name\":\"About Us\",\"url\":\"/page/about-us\"},\"submenus\":[{\"external\":true,\"id\":490850,\"open_in_new_tab\":false,\"slug\":\"bylaws-b75536db-22e5-4b6a-b22e-675fea4f21d0\",\"feature_name\":null,\"is_custom_page\":true,\"menu_name\":\"Bylaws\",\"url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/page/bylaws\"},{\"external\":true,\"id\":490852,\"open_in_new_tab\":false,\"slug\":\"policies-031501f3-093a-4833-a98e-9eb8e247fbc5\",\"feature_name\":null,\"is_custom_page\":true,\"menu_name\":\"Policies\",\"url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/page/policies\"}]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":true,\"id\":550669,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":\"store\",\"feature_name\":null,\"is_custom_page\":true,\"menu_name\":\"Store\",\"url\":\"https://www.bonfire.com/store/risf/\"},\"submenus\":[]}],\"available_locales\":[\"en\"],\"can_change_public_pages_locale\":false,\"network_logo\":{\"url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\",\"title\":\"Resilience in Software Foundation logo\"},\"network_root_url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/\",\"sign_in\":{\"open_in_new_tab\":false,\"url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/login\",\"text\":\"Log in\"},\"sign_up\":{\"can_sign_up\":true,\"url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/signup\",\"text\":\"Become a Member\"}}}],\"$L2f\"]}]}],\"$L30\"]}]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/\",\"style\":{\"height\":\"48px\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"alt\":\"Resilience in Software Foundation logo\",\"height\":\"48px\",\"src\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\"}]}]\n30:[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"display\":{\"_\":\"none\",\"l\":\"block\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L31\",null,{\"role\":\"navigation\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/\",\"style\":{\"height\":\"48px\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"alt\":\"Resilience in Software Foundation logo\",\"height\":\"48px\",\"src\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\"}]}],[\"$\",\"$L32\",null,{\"menuBackgroundColor\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"menuOutlineColor\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"publicHeader\":\"$1e:props:children:props:children:0:props:children:props:children:0:props:publicHeader\"}],\"$L33\"]}]}]\n22:[\"$\",\"$L34\",null,{\"env\":\"po\",\"initialConsent\":null,\"cookieConfig\":{\"cookie_agreement_learn_more\":\"\",\"cookie_agreement_learn_more_2\":\"\",\"cookie_agreement_link\":\"\",\"cookie_agreement_link_2\":\"\",\"cookie_agreement_text\":\"\"},\"networkConfiguration\":{\"facebook_is_enabled\":false,\"has_google_analytics_tracking\":true,\"has_payment_account\":true,\"linked_in_is_enabled\":false,\"payment_gateway\":\"Stripe\",\"twitter_is_enabled\":false,\"cookies_banner_v2_enabled\":true,\"display_cookie_agreement\":true},\"networkFeatures\":{\"amplitude\":{\"config\":{\"amplitude_enabled\":false}},\"cookies\":[]}}]\n33:[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"alignItems\":\"center\",\"ml\":\"10px\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L35\",null,{\"href\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/login\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"target\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L36\",null,{\"$outlineColor\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"style\":{\"whiteSpace\":\"nowrap\"},\"children\":\"Log in\"}]}],[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"display\":\"inline-block\",\"ml\":\"6px\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L37\",null,{\"dataTestId\":\"signup-link\",\"linkProps\":{\"to\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/signup\"},\"size\":\"large\",\"variant\":\"secondary\",\"children\":\"Become a Member\"}]}],[\"$\",\"$L38\",null,{\"menuBackgroundColor\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"menuOutlineColor\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"publicHeader\":\"$1e:props:children:props:children:0:props:children:props:children:0:props:publicHeader\"}]]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:I[825820,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0riv-c36uxb26.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2nz2yvxj21ukn.js\"],\"Show\"]\n3e:I[27201,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"IconMark\"]\n3a:T32b7,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEd note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touting the benefits of MTTR so I thought it was time to dust off these data that show how unreliable and unhelpful MTTR is to software organizations.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSoftware organizations tend to value measurement, iteration, and improvement based on data. These are great things for an organization to focus on; however, this has led to an industry practice of calculating and tracking Mean Time to Resolve, or MTTR. While it’s understandable to want to have a clear metric for tracking incident resolution, MTTR is problematic for a number of reasons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe first is solely statistical: based on data evaluated by \u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eStepan Davidovič\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://mcusercontent.com/ad9b3a31c069c03a14227a79c/files/29e138f4-05b7-f560-a7d5-c337538a93eb/2022_Void_Report.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eThe VOID\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/12/01/mttr-when-sample-means-and-power-laws-combine-trouble-follows/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eLorin Hochstein\u003c/a\u003e, measures of central tendency like the mean, aren’t a good representation of positively-skewed data, in which most values are clustered around the left side of the distribution while the right tail of the distribution is longer and contains fewer values. The mean will be influenced by the spread of the data, and the inherent outliers. Consider these (real incident) data from the VOID:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: left;\" src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-44d78820818cf1ea95e281d2af7570b6.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe mean is clearly well to the right of the majority of the data points in the distribution—this is to be expected for a positively-skewed distribution with a small set of large outliers. So next you might consider a different MTTR: \u003cem\u003eMedian\u003c/em\u003e Time to Respond. The median value will be less influenced by outliers, so it might be a better representation of the data that you could use over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-abbea1838de2f74b8b2b48b0a403cff6.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"349\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThat certainly looks more representative, and your putative incident response metric just got 2.5 hours better simply by looking at it this way. Which begs the question: what actionable conclusions can you reach based on this information? Presumably, you calculate and track a metric like this in order to improve (or know when things are getting worse), which means you need to be able to detect changes in that metric.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis is where Stepan Davidovič was able to demonstrate something really powerful\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003ein his report on MTTR\u003c/a\u003e, which is also applicable to these data.\u0026nbsp;Davidovič demonstrated both with empirical data and Monte Carlo simulations how incident duration data do not lend themselves to reliable calculations of improvement related to any central tendency calculations of incident duration (or overall incident count). If you’re not familiar with Monte Carlo simulations, think of it as an A/B test on simulated data instead of real-world production data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDavidovič took two different, equally-sized samples from three companies’ incident data, and compared the two sets, one which had experimental changes applied to it (e.g. a 10% improvement in incident duration), and the other which had no changes and acted as the control. He then calculated the MTTR difference between the two samples over a series of 100K simulations, such that a positive value indicates an improvement, or shortening of MTTR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure class=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-ccbbdb85b79c5ebf5f46a8e172a58fd8.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\"\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eSource: Incident Metrics in SRE (Google/O’Reilly)\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e38% of the simulations had the MTTR difference fall below zero for Company A, 40% for Company B, and 20% for Company C. Looking at the absolute change in MTTR, the probability of detecting\u0026nbsp; a 15-minute improvement is only 49%, 50%, and 64%, respectively. I don't know about you, but personally I wouldn't take those odds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEven though the experimental condition shortened incidents, the odds of detecting any improvement at all are well outside the tolerance of 10% random flukes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBoth the VOID report and Lorin’s experiments show the same outcomes. If the metric you’re using isn’t itself reliable, then how could it possibly be valuable as a broader measure of system reliability?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMTTx Are Shallow Data\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe second problem with MTTx metrics is they are trying to simplify something that is inherently complex. They tell us little about what an incident is really like for the organization, which can vary wildly in terms of the number of people and teams involved, the level of stress, what is needed technically and organizationally to fix it, and what the team learned as a result. MTTx (along with other data like severity, impact, count, and so on) are what John Allspaw calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.adaptivecapacitylabs.com/blog/2018/03/23/moving-past-shallow-incident-data/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003e“shallow” incident data\u003c/a\u003e. They are appealing because they appear to make clear, concrete sense of what are really messy, surprising situations that don’t lend themselves to simple summaries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eTwo incidents of the same length can have dramatically different levels of surprise and uncertainty in how people came to understand what was happening. They can also contain wildly different risks with respect to taking actions that are meant to mitigate or improve the situation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe length of an incident yields little internally actionable information about the incident. Consider two chess games of the same length but very different pace, expertise, and complexity of moves; feature films that generally all clock in at around two hours but can have wildly different plots, complexity of characters, production budgets; War and Peace (~1,200 pages) vs. Slaughterhouse Five (~200 pages).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMoving Beyond MTTx\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIdeally, given these data, organizations should stop using MTTX, or TTx data in general, as a metric related to organizational performance or reliability. First and foremost, if you are collecting this metric, chart the distribution of your incident data. If they’re positively skewed, then you’re not measuring what you think you’re measuring with MTTx, and you can’t rely on it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSecond, ask yourself what decisions you’re making based on those data. Are you prioritizing hiring SREs, or are you trying to justify budget or infrastructure investments? What could you decide given either a decrease or increase in TTx (were that a reliable metric)?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eGiven that MTTx metrics are not a meaningful indicator of an organization’s reliability or performance, the obvious question is what should organizations use instead? I’d like to challenge the premise of this question. While rolled-up quantitative metrics are often presented on organizational dashboards, quarterly reviews, and board presentations, they generally fail to capture the underlying complexity of software-related incidents. That said, it may not be possible to immediately or completely abandon metrics that management or execs want to see. Vanessa Huerta Granda wrote an \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningfromincidents.io/posts/looking-beyond-the-metrics\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eexcellent post\u003c/a\u003e detailing a process of using MTTR and incident count metrics as a way to “set the direction of the analysis we do around our entire incident universe.” They can be an excellent jumping-off point to then present the insights, themes, and desired outcomes of detailed qualitative incident analyses that highlight knowledge gaps, production pressures and trade-offs, and organizational/socio-technical misalignments, which are also an important form of data:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBecause we had that [qualitative] data we were able to make strategic recommendations that led to improvements in how we do our work. In addition, having that data allowed us to get buy-in from leadership to make a number of changes; both in our technology as well as in our culture. We beefed up a number of tools and processes, our product teams started attending retrospectives and prioritizing action items, most importantly everyone across the org had a better understanding of what all went behind ‘keeping the lights on.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIf quantitative metrics are still something your org is asking for, I suggest focusing on Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and cost of coordination data. Chapter 17 of \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Implementing-Service-Level-Objectives-Practical/dp/1492076813\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eImplementing Service Level Objectives\u003c/a\u003e covers using SLOs as a substitute for MTTx and other common problematic reliability metrics. If people or staffing is something you need metrics for, consider tracking how many people were involved in each incident, across how many teams, and at what levels of the organization—these factors are what Dr. Laura Maguire deemed “hidden costs of coordination” that can add to the cognitive demands of people responding to incidents. There’s a big difference between a 30-minute incident that involves 10 people from three engineering teams, executives, and PR versus one that an engineer or two puzzles over for a day or so, and is lower impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI am aware of a number of companies that have moved away from tracking shallow incident metrics, and none of them regret walking away from those practices. If you're looking for folks who are actively working on these kinds of issues in their own organizations, you can find us by \u003ca href=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/memberships\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003ebecoming an RISF member\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMTTR Resources\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://mcusercontent.com/ad9b3a31c069c03a14227a79c/files/29e138f4-05b7-f560-a7d5-c337538a93eb/2022_Void_Report.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003e2022 VOID Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eIncident Metrics in SRE\u003c/a\u003e (Google Report)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/12/01/mttr-when-sample-means-and-power-laws-combine-trouble-follows/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eMTTR: When Sample Means and Power Laws Combine, Trouble Follows\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.adaptivecapacitylabs.com/2018/03/23/moving-past-shallow-incident-data/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eMoving Past Shallow Incident Data\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.infoq.com/articles/incident-metrics-void/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eMoving Past Simple Incident Metrics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningfromincidents.io/posts/looking-beyond-the-metrics\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eMaking Sense out of Incident Metrics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e97b2109dcb18d7b21ff07ed8f44f1de.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"132\" height=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCourtney Nash\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFounder, The VOID\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVP, Resilience in Software Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/feeds/fbfef454aa2263e27c3975d1ff28ed2815c5/communication_posts.xml\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eRSS feed\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T3322,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEd note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touting the benefits of MTTR so I thought it was time to dust off these data that show how unreliable and unhelpful MTTR is to software organizations.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSoftware organizations tend to value measurement, iteration, and improvement based on data. These are great things for an organization to focus on; however, this has led to an industry practice of calculating and tracking Mean Time to Resolve, or MTTR. While it’s understandable to want to have a clear metric for tracking incident resolution, MTTR is problematic for a number of reasons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe first is solely statistical: based on data evaluated by \u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eStepan Davidovič\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://mcusercontent.com/ad9b3a31c069c03a14227a79c/files/29e138f4-05b7-f560-a7d5-c337538a93eb/2022_Void_Report.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe VOID\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/12/01/mttr-when-sample-means-and-power-laws-combine-trouble-follows/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLorin Hochstein\u003c/a\u003e, measures of central tendency like the mean, aren’t a good representation of positively-skewed data, in which most values are clustered around the left side of the distribution while the right tail of the distribution is longer and contains fewer values. The mean will be influenced by the spread of the data, and the inherent outliers. Consider these (real incident) data from the VOID:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"max-width:100%\" src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-44d78820818cf1ea95e281d2af7570b6.webp\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe mean is clearly well to the right of the majority of the data points in the distribution—this is to be expected for a positively-skewed distribution with a small set of large outliers. So next you might consider a different MTTR: \u003cem\u003eMedian\u003c/em\u003e Time to Respond. The median value will be less influenced by outliers, so it might be a better representation of the data that you could use over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-abbea1838de2f74b8b2b48b0a403cff6.webp\" style=\"max-width:100%\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThat certainly looks more representative, and your putative incident response metric just got 2.5 hours better simply by looking at it this way. Which begs the question: what actionable conclusions can you reach based on this information? Presumably, you calculate and track a metric like this in order to improve (or know when things are getting worse), which means you need to be able to detect changes in that metric.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis is where Stepan Davidovič was able to demonstrate something really powerful\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ein his report on MTTR\u003c/a\u003e, which is also applicable to these data.\u0026nbsp;Davidovič demonstrated both with empirical data and Monte Carlo simulations how incident duration data do not lend themselves to reliable calculations of improvement related to any central tendency calculations of incident duration (or overall incident count). If you’re not familiar with Monte Carlo simulations, think of it as an A/B test on simulated data instead of real-world production data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDavidovič took two different, equally-sized samples from three companies’ incident data, and compared the two sets, one which had experimental changes applied to it (e.g. a 10% improvement in incident duration), and the other which had no changes and acted as the control. He then calculated the MTTR difference between the two samples over a series of 100K simulations, such that a positive value indicates an improvement, or shortening of MTTR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-ccbbdb85b79c5ebf5f46a8e172a58fd8.webp\" style=\"max-width:100%\"\u003e\nSource: Incident Metrics in SRE (Google/O’Reilly)\n\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e38% of the simulations had the MTTR difference fall below zero for Company A, 40% for Company B, and 20% for Company C. Looking at the absolute change in MTTR, the probability of detecting\u0026nbsp; a 15-minute improvement is only 49%, 50%, and 64%, respectively. I don't know about you, but personally I wouldn't take those odds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEven though the experimental condition shortened incidents, the odds of detecting any improvement at all are well outside the tolerance of 10% random flukes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBoth the VOID report and Lorin’s experiments show the same outcomes. If the metric you’re using isn’t itself reliable, then how could it possibly be valuable as a broader measure of system reliability?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMTTx Are Shallow Data\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe second problem with MTTx metrics is they are trying to simplify something that is inherently complex. They tell us little about what an incident is really like for the organization, which can vary wildly in terms of the number of people and teams involved, the level of stress, what is needed technically and organizationally to fix it, and what the team learned as a result. MTTx (along with other data like severity, impact, count, and so on) are what John Allspaw calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.adaptivecapacitylabs.com/blog/2018/03/23/moving-past-shallow-incident-data/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e“shallow” incident data\u003c/a\u003e. They are appealing because they appear to make clear, concrete sense of what are really messy, surprising situations that don’t lend themselves to simple summaries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eTwo incidents of the same length can have dramatically different levels of surprise and uncertainty in how people came to understand what was happening. They can also contain wildly different risks with respect to taking actions that are meant to mitigate or improve the situation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe length of an incident yields little internally actionable information about the incident. Consider two chess games of the same length but very different pace, expertise, and complexity of moves; feature films that generally all clock in at around two hours but can have wildly different plots, complexity of characters, production budgets; War and Peace (~1,200 pages) vs. Slaughterhouse Five (~200 pages).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMoving Beyond MTTx\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIdeally, given these data, organizations should stop using MTTX, or TTx data in general, as a metric related to organizational performance or reliability. First and foremost, if you are collecting this metric, chart the distribution of your incident data. If they’re positively skewed, then you’re not measuring what you think you’re measuring with MTTx, and you can’t rely on it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSecond, ask yourself what decisions you’re making based on those data. Are you prioritizing hiring SREs, or are you trying to justify budget or infrastructure investments? What could you decide given either a decrease or increase in TTx (were that a reliable metric)?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eGiven that MTTx metrics are not a meaningful indicator of an organization’s reliability or performance, the obvious question is what should organizations use instead? I’d like to challenge the premise of this question. While rolled-up quantitative metrics are often presented on organizational dashboards, quarterly reviews, and board presentations, they generally fail to capture the underlying complexity of software-related incidents. That said, it may not be possible to immediately or completely abandon metrics that management or execs want to see. Vanessa Huerta Granda wrote an \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningfromincidents.io/posts/looking-beyond-the-metrics\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eexcellent post\u003c/a\u003e detailing a process of using MTTR and incident count metrics as a way to “set the direction of the analysis we do around our entire incident universe.” They can be an excellent jumping-off point to then present the insights, themes, and desired outcomes of detailed qualitative incident analyses that highlight knowledge gaps, production pressures and trade-offs, and organizational/socio-technical misalignments, which are also an important form of data:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBecause we had that [qualitative] data we were able to make strategic recommendations that led to improvements in how we do our work. In addition, having that data allowed us to get buy-in from leadership to make a number of changes; both in our technology as well as in our culture. We beefed up a number of tools and processes, our product teams started attending retrospectives and prioritizing action items, most importantly everyone across the org had a better understanding of what all went behind ‘keeping the lights on.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIf quantitative metrics are still something your org is asking for, I suggest focusing on Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and cost of coordination data. Chapter 17 of \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Implementing-Service-Level-Objectives-Practical/dp/1492076813\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eImplementing Service Level Objectives\u003c/a\u003e covers using SLOs as a substitute for MTTx and other common problematic reliability metrics. If people or staffing is something you need metrics for, consider tracking how many people were involved in each incident, across how many teams, and at what levels of the organization—these factors are what Dr. Laura Maguire deemed “hidden costs of coordination” that can add to the cognitive demands of people responding to incidents. There’s a big difference between a 30-minute incident that involves 10 people from three engineering teams, executives, and PR versus one that an engineer or two puzzles over for a day or so, and is lower impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI am aware of a number of companies that have moved away from tracking shallow incident metrics, and none of them regret walking away from those practices. If you're looking for folks who are actively working on these kinds of issues in their own organizations, you can find us by \u003ca href=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/memberships\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ebecoming an RISF member\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMTTR Resources\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://mcusercontent.com/ad9b3a31c069c03a14227a79c/files/29e138f4-05b7-f560-a7d5-c337538a93eb/2022_Void_Report.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e2022 VOID Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eIncident Metrics in SRE\u003c/a\u003e (Google Report)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/12/01/mttr-when-sample-means-and-power-laws-combine-trouble-follows/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMTTR: When Sample Means and Power Laws Combine, Trouble Follows\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.adaptivecapacitylabs.com/2018/03/23/moving-past-shallow-incident-data/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMoving Past Shallow Incident Data\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.infoq.com/articles/incident-metrics-void/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMoving Past Simple Incident Metrics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningfromincidents.io/posts/looking-beyond-the-metrics\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMaking Sense out of Incident Metrics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e97b2109dcb18d7b21ff07ed8f44f1de.webp\" style=\"max-width:100%\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCourtney Nash\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFounder, The VOID\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVP, Resilience in Software Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/feeds/fbfef454aa2263e27c3975d1ff28ed2815c5/communication_posts.xml\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRSS feed\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T2b2a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEd note: The first time I read Dr. David Woods' paper \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276139783_Four_concepts_for_resilience_and_the_implications_for_the_future_of_resilience_engineering\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eFour Concepts for Resilience Engineering,\u003c/a\u003e I felt so many things click in my brain. While the field of Resilience Engineering is not new, those of us in the software industry are relatively new to RE, and seeing a paper that is so clearly applicable to software systems left a strong impression on me. When I reached out to the RISF community for someone to contribute their thoughts on this paper, multiple hands went up in Slack—and they were all so good I couldn't pick just one. So what follows is three software engineers' takes on Woods' paper: \u003ca href=\"https://erikarow.land/notes/paper-four-concepts-resilience\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eErika Rowland\u003c/a\u003e (ER), \u003ca href=\"https://dobbse.net/thinair/2023/05/resilience-and-reliability.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eEric Dobbs\u003c/a\u003e (ED), and \u003ca href=\"https://ferd.ca/notes/paper-four-concepts-for-resilience-engineering.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eFred Hebert\u003c/a\u003e (FH). Each provides their own perspective on Woods' proposed concepts, and additionally Dobbs provides some excellent software-centric examples of how you might see these concepts manifest themselves in your systems.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIntroduction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eED\u003c/strong\u003e: Resilience\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 15px;\"\u003e ≠ \u003c/span\u003eReliability. Resilience is human skills and human relationships. Reliability is what we build into our software. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eER\u003c/strong\u003e: Resilience has been used a number of different ways in Resilience Engineering literature. This conflation of different definitions makes it difficult to parse and understand what that literature is arguing for and why.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFH\u003c/strong\u003e: The paper opens by admitting that the popularity of the term has led to confusion regarding what it means in the first place. I recall seeing other papers which held the ill-defined term as one of the biggest weakness of a discipline named after it. All the different uses seen around the place have been categorized into 4 groups by Woods: rebound, robustness, graceful extensibility, and sustained adaptability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRebound\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eER\u003c/strong\u003e: Rebound is about returning to normal functioning after a disruption. This ability to rebound seems to depend directly on the conditions before the disrupting event. How was the system prepared before the chaos began?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile literature on rebound tends to focus on individual disruptions or traumas, the more interesting thing to study is the idea of surprises. A surprise is, to quote Woods:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times new roman'; font-size: 16px;\"\u003ethe event is a surprise when it falls outside the scope of variations and disturbances that the system in question is capable of handling.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA surprise is an event that challenges an existing model and forces the system to learn or adapt the model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eED\u003c/strong\u003e: There are many common examples of rebound. Roll back a deploy. Restore lost data from a backup. Reboot a server. Restart a container. Truncate log files to free up disk space. Follow the instructions in a runbook. Basically, this is anything you do to put some sub-system more or less back the way it was.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRobustness\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFH\u003c/strong\u003e: This is generally perceived to be a conflation of resilience with another term—the ability to absorb disruptions—robustness. More robustness means your system can tolerate a broader range of disturbances while still responding effectively. Generally, robust control works, and only works, for cases where the disturbances are well-modelled.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eED\u003c/strong\u003e: Monitoring and alerting are the most basic measures. We build one component to monitor another and call in the humans if some threshold is crossed. Kubernetes comes with built-in behavior that kills containers that run out of memory and other behavior which restarts containers when they fail. Common practice for databases includes having read-only replicas, hot-standby replicas, or automated failover. Load balancers include built-in health-checks for the servers they’re balancing and will adapt to send traffic only to the healthy servers. One of the most common reasons people want to move to the cloud is to enable autoscaling, where the systems can adapt to extra traffic by spinning up more containers and then spin down those extras when the surge in traffic subsides. More sophisticated examples of robustness include bulkheads, circuit breakers, and automated chaos experiments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGraceful Extensibility\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFH\u003c/strong\u003e: Graceful extensibility is a sort of play on the idea of graceful degradation. Rather than asking the question how or why do people, systems, organizations bounce back, this line of approach asks: how do systems stretch to handle surprises? Resources are finite, environments changing, and their boundaries shift in ways that requires stretching and elasticity. A tenet here is that without the ability to stretch and adjust, your brittleness is far more severe than expected during normal operations, and generally exposed through extremely rapid collapses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eER\u003c/strong\u003e: Another aspect of concern is \u003cem\u003edecompensation\u003c/em\u003e where exhaustion of a system under sustained disruption reduces the capacity of the system to adapt to new disruptions. Think on-call fatigue in an operations teams or deformation of a material under stress that changes its properties. (\u003cspan class=\"note-right note sidenote\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"footnote-p\"\u003eAn effective way to “cut” paper without scissors is to fold it back and forth across a joint until the paper gives way with little force. Allowing you to tear the paper straight by hand.)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e As Woods writes:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times new roman'; font-size: 16px;\"\u003eWhen the time to recovery increases and/or the level recovered to decreases, this pattern indicates that a system is exhausting its ability to handle growing or repeated challenges, in other words, the system is nearing saturation of its range of adaptive behavior.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFH\u003c/strong\u003e: The idea here is influenced by Safety-I (studying and preventing failures) vs. Safety-II (studying and enhancing successes), such that graceful extensibility can be seen as a positive attribute: how do we create a readiness-to-respond that is a strength and can be leveraged in all sorts of situations, rather than narrowing it to being the avoidance of negative effects?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContrasted with rebounds, the approach to this is to look at past challenges, and see them as a way to gauge the potential to adapt to new surprises in the future. It also allows the idea of studying sequences and series of rebounds on a longer-term view of the system. How do they succeed and how do they fail?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eED\u003c/strong\u003e: The best example we have of graceful extensibility in the software business is incident response. Once we detect that some part of our system is getting overwhelmed or otherwise misbehaving, some group of us drop what we’re doing to prevent the problem from getting worse and to remediate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSustained Adaptability\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eER\u003c/strong\u003e: Sustained adaptability asks three questions of a resilience engineer:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhat characteristics explain the difference between systems that have sustained adaptability vs. those that don't?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhat design principles and techniques allow you to engineer sustained adaptability?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHow would you know if you succeeded in engineering sustained adaptability in a system?\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFH\u003c/strong\u003e: Expected challenges to sociotechnical systems over their life cycle include:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurprises will keep challenging boundaries\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConditions and contexts will keep changing and shifting the boundaries\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdaptive shortfalls will happen and people will have to step in\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe factors that provide adaptability and the needs for them will shift over time\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClasses of changes will happen and the system as a whole will need to readjust itself and its relationships\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eED\u003c/strong\u003e: This is Woods’ most demanding concept of resilience. All systems reach their own previously known limits. This happens almost continuously. People in the systems continually stretch the systems to adapt to new circumstances. Successful components in the system induce demand that exceeds their original design. It is completely predictable that something will fail under the changing conditions. The specifics of what will fail and when is less predictable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have a few examples that address sustained adaptability. Many teams are adopting operational review meetings which is an excellent practice to help monitor how the ecosystem around them is changing and how their services are responding to the relentless change. Creating a Learning From Incidents (LFI) team to conduct cognitive interviews, facilitate learning reviews, and generally help other teams broaden and deepen what we learn when circumstances overwhelm our sub-systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eER\u003c/strong\u003e: Architecting a system to have sustained adaptability relies on understanding that all adaptive systems are constrained by trade-offs, and that certain architectures allow for adjustment of those trade-offs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFH\u003c/strong\u003e: A whole lot of the discipline [of RE] is therefore interested in all the tradeoffs people make, that biological systems (or ecosystems) make, and particularly which are fundamental and how they apply to other systems as well. An agenda of this type of resilience is in managing capacities dedicated to resilience. In this perspective, it makes sense to say a system is resilient, or not, based on how well it balances all the tradeoffs, or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWoods states that the yield from the first two types of resilience has been low. The latter two approaches, the most positive ones, tend to provide better lines of inquiries, though the discipline is still young.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/storage/3756894/download\" alt=\"\" width=\"88\" height=\"88\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://erikarow.land/notes/paper-four-concepts-resilience\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eErika Rowland\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://ca.slack-edge.com/T07QB109673-U07Q2120PD2-2272fae08ba6-512\" alt=\"Profile photo for eric\" width=\"85\" height=\"85\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"https://dobbse.net/thinair/2023/05/resilience-and-reliability.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eEric Dobbs\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/storage/3756928/download\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"85\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://ferd.ca/notes/paper-four-concepts-for-resilience-engineering.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eFred Hebert\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T33a8,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthor’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has been pivotal in shaping how I understand failures in complex systems and Resilience Engineering, and how I incorporate this into my overall approach as an engineering leader. (Also, the spelling is New Zealand English.)\u003c/em\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSo you’re an Engineering Manager or a Director, or perhaps a Staff Engineer. You’ve discovered the world of Resilience Engineering and had some pretty significant \"a ha\" moments. Now you want to bring Resilience Engineering into your organisation, and set the world to rights. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI’ve been exactly where you are right now, and I’m going to suggest you hold your horses, and let me share my insights and recommendations from my experience as an Engineering Leader working to make Resilience Engineering a reality. There’s pitfalls on this journey that I can help you avoid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAs an SRE (or adjacent) leader, you will find yourself in a challenging position when it comes to Resilience Engineering. You’re the layer in the middle. You're stuck between the practitioners, who are passionate but may not have good insight into the realities and challenges of leaders, and the executive layers, who have different goals and concerns and don’t have the motivation to deviate from things they think are working. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMost people working in tech and IT, no matter the type of company or organisation, will be familiar with various practices around incidents. A lot of these are summed up in regular incident reporting. Often produced monthly or existing in a dashboard, this reporting includes data and metrics such as MTTR, incident counts by severity and root cause type, and compliance with completing post incident review (PIR) action items. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThese are often non-negotiable—the default standards and expectations that have permeated deeply and widely throughout our industry. In many cases, Boards and Executives expect to see these reports as indicators of risk and operational effectiveness, to ensure they fulfill their corporate governance obligations. Engineering Leaders and Managers simultaneously use them as a purported lens to measure team and engineering system performance. Producing a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a deeply embedded expectation of both leadership and customers following a high severity incident, as is tracking completion of PIR action items. You can’t explore a monitoring or incident response tool without  being sold the ability to drive down your MTTR. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eHowever, these are all things that those of us in the Resilience in Software community know and accept to be not just misleading and outdated, but also counterproductive and potentially harmful to the actual improvement of safety in an organisation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThat leaves those of us in Resilience Engineering with quite the dilemma. Do we speak out against these deeply embedded practices and expectations and seek to explicitly educate our colleagues and leaders, or is it all a necessary evil in making space for resilience work? \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe Paradox\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe fact is, we are faced with a paradox. A contradiction that reveals deeper truths and a reality that is difficult to reconcile. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFor an engineering leader to build trust and credibility—to be perceived as competent—they need to meet or exceed the expectations of leaders and executives by carrying out these default standards and practices. You believe this to be contrary to your goals, however my experience tells me you should do these things anyway in pursuit of bigger picture resilience and adaptive capacity. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBefore you get upset and stop reading, hear me out. I’ve been the leadership layer in the middle, sandwiched between the practitioners who really understand Resilience Engineering and see the need for it every day, and the executives with different concerns, goals and motivations. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMy goal when it comes to Resilience Engineering is to legitimise the work, the practices and the concepts. I want to make space for engineers to conduct incident analysis to better understand our systems and the conditions that enable incidents to occur. I also want to build understanding and acknowledgement of complexity and Resilience Engineering in leadership to enable better awareness and decision making. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eVery specifically, my goals no longer include the death of root cause analysis, incident metrics, MTTR and PIR action tracking. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eTelling executive leadership that incident counts, MTTR, and root cause analysis are wrong/incorrect/misleading gets you nowhere. I can confidently say that when an executive leader wants to be talking about quality of service for your customers, the last thing they want to hear about is academic papers and Monte Carlo simulations. This narrative is harming our ability to do resilience work, and undermines the credibility of our ideas, our practices and our movement. It is very difficult to educate people against their will, especially if their view of competence on a subject is different to your own. We must make Resilience Engineering appealing and useful to executives if we are to get their support and buy in.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBoard and Executive pressure around incidents and the need to present something that is viewed as tangible and sound should never be underestimated. Once you are in the pressure cooker of “too many incidents” or “poor reliability,” incident data and reports can give leaders the tools to \u003cstrong\u003efeel\u003c/strong\u003e in control but also demonstrate that they are in control. Many of the traditional incident practices and metrics help leaders communicate that they are controlling things, and also creates opportunities for them to exert control on what people do—even when they don't have control over the actual system or system outcomes. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe closer you are to the sharp end—the point where the most direct and often challenging work of a particular activity takes place—the more apparent it is that uncertainty exists. Many of the above-mentioned default standards and expectations around incidents are designed to help manage and control uncertainty. However, Resilience Engineering is essentially about embracing uncertainty as an unavoidable reality of complex systems. As a result we tend to want everyone to accept uncertainty as unavoidable. In the Boardroom, far removed from the sharp end, the perspective is very different. Uncertainty is something that should be managed and reduced. It can become a risk with acceptable probability, but it can't be unmanaged. From this different perspective, the system and its outcomes must be controlled, or have the illusion of being controlled, even if we know this to be at odds with the system’s reality. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMy Recommendations\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eYou need to play the game that others think they are playing. As an engineering leader, you only have so much social capital and so many cards to play in what you can change and influence. You want these cards to be used for your agenda, and you want to make meaningful progress. This might be influencing for additional headcount or prioritising a particular piece of system improvement work. I don’t think those limited cards should be used for debating concepts like MTTR and incident counts. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eGive Them What They’re Asking For\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIf leaders and executives are asking, then continue to produce that incident data and show those PIR actions. If you’re not doing it then someone else will, and it’s much better to be in control of the data and the narrative. Position yourself and your SRE leaders as credible, in control and taking action, even if it’s not by your definition. If your leaders aren’t currently asking for typical incident reports and metrics, I strongly suggest  you have the data on hand to be  in a position to provide it should you be asked. You need your perceived competence and resilience work to ride the wave of leadership change and organisational evolution. Even if you succeed with one set of leaders in building their understanding that these are not the metrics or approaches they need, leaders come and go. If you are perceived as too far from industry norms you will have a hard time establishing trust and credibility with a new set of leaders who haven't been on the same journey. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProceed with Caution When Educating and Influencing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eRather than seeking to educate directly in a way that can be perceived as contrary, model the Resilience Engineering concepts, language and practices you want to see others adopt. Once your stakeholders become familiar with the concepts through a more implicit approach, you’ll find them more receptive to being introduced to new ways of understanding reliability and resilience, and different types of recommendations from their teams as a result. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEducating and influencing leadership on Resilience Engineering is not without risks, so I recommend that you proceed with caution. This approach assumes  leaders have the willingness to learn and the conceptual grounding to make informed decisions. In reality, this is rarely the case. When it comes to incidents, leaders tend to believe they know how things should be done and are resistant to alternative approaches and perspectives. Even if you do manage to succeed in educating leadership, the outcome is uncertain. At best they gain only a surface-level grasp of new concepts, at worst they misinterpret and misapply what they’ve learned, causing further harm. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA more effective strategy is to empower people closer to the work—those who have done the analysis and understand the tradeoffs—to provide recommendations for executive action. These recommendations should narrow the range of options and enable leadership to make decisions confidently. These recommendations are more likely to be accepted if they are backed by the credibility and trust gained through giving leaders what they’re asking for. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAnecdotally, attempting to influence leadership towards more of our Resilience Engineering methods and practices has a notable rate of burnout for SRE leaders and senior individual contributors. I suspect the phenomenon we are currently experiencing in this regard is part of some broader industry cycle due to factors outside of our control. Either way, we need our perceived competence and resilience work to ride out the wave of this industry cycle, just as we need to ride out the wave of leadership change and organisational evolution. And we need to be able to do that with our mental and emotional wellbeing intact. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAcknowledge and Negotiate the Paradox\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSo what does this look like in practice? Think of it like putting spinach in a kid’s smoothie—give them what they think they want, and include the good, healthy stuff they also need in the process. If someone states human error as a cause for an incident, you can mention that this tends to be an indicator of underlying systemic challenges worth taking a closer look at. If you can, offer to provide SRE resources to conduct a more useful PIR. If leaders are getting caught up on incident counts and MTTR, you can use SLOs to provide a more meaningful representation of the quality of the customer experience, while providing context in the form of themes and patterns relevant to your audience. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIt’s here in these conversations, with the background of outputs and metrics you’re not enthusiastic about, that you’re best placed to use those valuable cards to make recommendations based on insights from incident learning and resilience work. Whether it be highlighting systematic challenges and areas of underinvestment or making recommendations to support better prioritisation and improving the engineered system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIn all of this, you are constantly negotiating the paradox we face in Resilience Engineering. \u003cstrong\u003eThese opposing perspectives and methods will always coexist\u003c/strong\u003e. One might be more dominant than the other at certain points in time, but there will always be that push and pull. You need to be ready for it. By building the perception of competence and playing along with short term optics, you can pursue the bigger picture of Resilience Engineering. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI still hope that one day we will build broad industry recognition for Resilience Engineering concepts and practices, while outdated methods and metrics fade off into the sunset. Until that day comes, we play the game while working to change the rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"/storage/3784353/download\" alt=\"\" width=\"148\" height=\"111\"\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMichelle Casey\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSRE/Engineering Leader \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5:[\"$\",\"$L39\",null,{\"news\":{\"id\":1157532,\"og_url\":null,\"pinned_to_feed\":false,\"pinned_to_index_page\":false,\"public\":true,\"publication_timezone\":\"America/Los_Angeles\",\"published_at\":\"2025-02-27T19:33:00Z\",\"rss_url\":null,\"seo_canonical_url\":null,\"seo_description\":null,\"seo_title\":null,\"social_media_list\":[\"facebook\",\"linkedin\",\"twitter\",\"xing\"],\"visible_on_feed\":false,\"visible_on_index_page\":true,\"type\":\"news\",\"subject\":\"MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You\",\"content\":\"$3a\",\"sanitized_content\":\"Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touting the benefits of MTTR so I thought it was time to dust off these data that show how unreliable and unhelpful MTTR is to software organizations. Software organizations tend to value measurement, iteration, and improvement based on data. These are great things for an organization to focus on;\",\"truncated_content\":\"Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report....\",\"email_content\":\"$3b\",\"cover_picture\":{\"compressed_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e2d425907ea649ea46621a814eb83c4c.webp\",\"preview_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/large-1ea23391ed8f2d3c3e4e237eb45b9b17.webp\",\"medium_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/medium-13897efc5940fecae635d3162e8c5554.webp\",\"wide_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/ultra_wide-1317757bfc6e3b52de32673e32511dd3.webp\",\"default_url\":\"https://us.hivebrite.com/images/missing/communications/posts/cover_picture/default.jpg\"},\"likes\":{\"likeable_id\":1157532,\"count\":0,\"id\":null},\"share_url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/news/1157532\",\"group_creator\":null,\"groups\":[],\"categories\":[{\"id\":79831,\"name\":\"Metrics\"},{\"id\":78761,\"name\":\"Resilience Engineering\"}],\"attachments\":[]},\"relatedNews\":[{\"id\":1149720,\"published_at\":\"2025-02-19T21:28:20Z\",\"seo_description\":\"\",\"seo_title\":\"\",\"subject\":\"Three Takes on Four Concepts for Resilience Engineering\",\"content\":\"$3c\",\"cover_picture\":{\"compressed_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1149720/compressed-8467713c9d8344da33620ded5bc095cf.webp\",\"preview_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1149720/large-93e041964718aff1f2703a526f5b512e.webp\",\"medium_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1149720/medium-ca593e549a29fd86244dfee899ba0da9.webp\",\"wide_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1149720/ultra_wide-e42fbbc3e200433d659a723c099b0d82.webp\",\"default_url\":\"https://us.hivebrite.com/images/missing/communications/posts/cover_picture/default.jpg\"}},{\"id\":1288714,\"published_at\":\"2025-07-29T17:16:37Z\",\"seo_description\":\"\",\"seo_title\":\"\",\"subject\":\"Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader\",\"content\":\"$3d\",\"cover_picture\":{\"compressed_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-9b89a4c0e316ea8a8eb7f5fe1854987c.webp\",\"preview_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/large-23e137c8718c3e7e7c3436e0925c731d.webp\",\"medium_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/medium-432fcc576c0f4a4e1073519de950cbdc.webp\",\"wide_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/ultra_wide-f4aac5320f6700ca613d30ce96c4767a.webp\",\"default_url\":\"https://us.hivebrite.com/images/missing/communications/posts/cover_picture/default.jpg\"}}]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8:null\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d:[[\"$\",\"title\",\"0\",{\"children\":\"MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You | Resilience in Software Foundation\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touti\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"2\",{\"property\":\"fb:app_id\",\"content\":\"2249535069215389\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"3\",{\"property\":\"og:title\",\"content\":\"MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You | Resilience in Software Foundation\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"4\",{\"property\":\"og:description\",\"content\":\"Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touti\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"5\",{\"property\":\"og:site_name\",\"content\":\"Resilience in Software Foundation\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"6\",{\"property\":\"og:image\",\"content\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e2d425907ea649ea46621a814eb83c4c.webp\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"7\",{\"name\":\"twitter:card\",\"content\":\"summary_large_image\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"8\",{\"name\":\"twitter:title\",\"content\":\"MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You | Resilience in Software Foundation\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"9\",{\"name\":\"twitter:description\",\"content\":\"Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touti\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"10\",{\"name\":\"twitter:image\",\"content\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e2d425907ea649ea46621a814eb83c4c.webp\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"11\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"https://resilienceinsoftwarefoundation.us.hivebrite.com/favicon.ico\"}],[\"$\",\"$L3e\",\"12\",{}]]\n"])</script></body></html>