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The examples in this post use the DigitalOcean provider, however, the techniques explained are not specific to any particular provider they are features built into the Terraform core."/><meta name="author" content="Nic Jackson"/><meta name="generator" content="Next.js"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.hashicorp.com/en/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://hashicorp.com/en/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr" href="https://hashicorp.com/fr/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="de" href="https://hashicorp.com/de/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="ja" href="https://hashicorp.com/ja/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="ko" href="https://hashicorp.com/ko/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="pt" href="https://hashicorp.com/pt/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="es" href="https://hashicorp.com/es/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="id" href="https://hashicorp.com/id/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh" href="https://hashicorp.com/zh/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="it" href="https://hashicorp.com/it/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><link rel="alternate" hrefLang="ar" href="https://hashicorp.com/ar/blog/zero-downtime-updates-with-terraform"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="M0j-klmlI446ZVnRqFQ25sbn6PK3W20b9gDvGMNZznE"/><meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="ytxjjr2zmf03nrdbxa1xnqu7sfpw6n"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="HashiCorp"/><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"/><meta property="og:title" content="Zero Downtime Updates with HashiCorp Terraform"/><meta property="og:description" content="In this post, we are going to look at two simple features in Terraform that allow us to avoid downtime caused by updates and allow uninterrupted replacement of resources. 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type="button" class="style_mobileNavItemTrigger__5OlYm">Products<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.208 5.231A.75.75 0 0 1 9.27 5.21l6.5 6.25a.76.76 0 0 1 .23.54c0 .204-.084.4-.23.54l-6.5 6.25a.753.753 0 0 1-1.06-.02.75.75 0 0 1 .021-1.06L14.168 12 8.23 6.29a.75.75 0 0 1-.022-1.059" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button><div class="style_mobilePanel__JAy9J" data-testid="mobile-panel-products"><div class="style_panelInner__TvqMP"><div class="style_panelContent__n1buH"><div class="style_root__p_Cu_ style_productPanel__bRAph"><div class="style_mainPanel__g_rmq"><div class="style_column__78NkP"><ul class="style_productCategories__n8vjN"><li class="style_productCategory__KUVCj style_productCategoryHasGroup__3DEG4"><a class="style_link__gi8Hr style_productGroupLink__mS_6M" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/infrastructure-cloud/infrastructure-lifecycle-management"><div class="style_iconBackground__F5zav" style="--iconBackground:#7948FF" data-theme="dark"><img alt="layers icon" loading="lazy" width="16" height="16" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/layers-fill.8225ae69.svg"/></div><div><div class="style_boldTitle__ZabOg">Infrastructure Lifecycle Management</div><div class="style_description__8FvdP">Infrastructure as code to automate and manage all environments</div></div></a><ul class="style_productList__ekuKU"><li><a aria-label="Terraform - Provision cloud infrastructure using a common workflow" hrefLang="en" class="style_focusIndicator__I7F0A" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/products/terraform"><div class="style_productWrapper__9O9kZ"><div class="style_productLogo__jYRJ4"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd style_terraform__jN3EO" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":R2cpj9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-terraform-fill-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_productTextContent__k4wlY"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold">Terraform</span><span class="style_productDesc__IgO_M">Provision cloud infrastructure using a common workflow</span></div></div></a></li><li><a aria-label="Packer - Build and manage images as code​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‍​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‍‌​​​‍‍‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‍‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‍‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‌​‍​‍‌‌" hrefLang="en" class="style_focusIndicator__I7F0A" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/products/packer"><div class="style_productWrapper__9O9kZ"><div class="style_productLogo__jYRJ4"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":R2kpj9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-packer-fill-color-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_productTextContent__k4wlY"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold">Packer</span><span class="style_productDesc__IgO_M">Build and manage images as code​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‍​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‍‌​​​‍‍‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‍‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‍‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‌​‍​‍‌‌</span></div></div></a></li><li><a aria-label="Waypoint - ​​​​Internal developer platform​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‍​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‍‌​​​‍‍‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‍‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‍‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‌​‍​‍‌‌‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‍​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‍‌​​​‍‍‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‍‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‍‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‌​‍​‍‌‌" hrefLang="en" class="style_focusIndicator__I7F0A" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/products/waypoint"><div class="style_productWrapper__9O9kZ"><div class="style_productLogo__jYRJ4"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":R2spj9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-waypoint-fill-color-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_productTextContent__k4wlY"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold">Waypoint</span><span class="style_productDesc__IgO_M">​​​​Internal developer platform​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‍​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‍‌​​​‍‍‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‍‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‍‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‌​‍​‍‌‌‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‍​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‍‌​​​‍‍‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‍‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‍‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‌​‍​‍‌‌</span></div></div></a></li><li><a aria-label="Nomad - Workload scheduling and orchestration" hrefLang="en" class="style_focusIndicator__I7F0A" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/products/nomad"><div class="style_productWrapper__9O9kZ"><div class="style_productLogo__jYRJ4"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":R34pj9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-nomad-fill-color-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_productTextContent__k4wlY"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold">Nomad</span><span class="style_productDesc__IgO_M">Workload scheduling and orchestration</span></div></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="style_productCategory__KUVCj style_productCategoryHasGroup__3DEG4"><a class="style_link__gi8Hr style_productGroupLink__mS_6M" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/infrastructure-cloud/security-lifecycle-management"><div class="style_iconBackground__F5zav" style="--iconBackground:#FF6423" data-theme="dark"><img alt="shield alert icon" loading="lazy" width="14" height="16" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/shield-alert-fill.2b54ddf8.svg"/></div><div><div class="style_boldTitle__ZabOg">Security Lifecycle Management</div><div class="style_description__8FvdP">Modern security to protect customer data and critical systems</div></div></a><ul class="style_productList__ekuKU"><li><a aria-label="Vault - Identity-based secrets management​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‍​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‍‌​​​‍‍‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‍‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‍‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‌​‍​‍‌‌" hrefLang="en" class="style_focusIndicator__I7F0A" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/products/vault"><div class="style_productWrapper__9O9kZ"><div class="style_productLogo__jYRJ4"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":R2d9j9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-vault-fill-color-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_productTextContent__k4wlY"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold">Vault</span><span class="style_productDesc__IgO_M">Identity-based secrets management​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‍‍​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‍​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‍‌​​​‍‍‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‌​​‍‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‌‌‌​​‍‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌‌‍‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌​‌‌‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‍‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‌‍‍‌​​‌‍‍‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‍‍‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‌​‍​‍‌‌</span></div></div></a></li><li><a aria-label="Boundary - Secure human, NHI and AI agent access" hrefLang="en" class="style_focusIndicator__I7F0A" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/products/boundary"><div class="style_productWrapper__9O9kZ"><div class="style_productLogo__jYRJ4"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":R2l9j9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-boundary-fill-color-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_productTextContent__k4wlY"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold">Boundary</span><span class="style_productDesc__IgO_M">Secure human, NHI and AI agent access</span></div></div></a></li><li><a aria-label="Vault Radar - Discover and remediate secret sprawl" hrefLang="en" class="style_focusIndicator__I7F0A" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/products/vault/hcp-vault-radar"><div class="style_productWrapper__9O9kZ"><div class="style_productLogo__jYRJ4"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":R2t9j9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-vault-fill-color-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_productTextContent__k4wlY"><div><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold">Vault </span><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-regular">Radar</span></div><span class="style_productDesc__IgO_M">Discover and remediate secret sprawl</span></div></div></a></li><li><a aria-label="Consul - Service-based networking" hrefLang="en" class="style_focusIndicator__I7F0A" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/products/consul"><div class="style_productWrapper__9O9kZ"><div class="style_productLogo__jYRJ4"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":R359j9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-consul-fill-color-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_productTextContent__k4wlY"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold">Consul</span><span class="style_productDesc__IgO_M">Service-based networking</span></div></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="style_promo__EB4Ap"><div class="style_icon__8tGpC"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":Rtj9esupjsq:" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-hashicorp-16"></use></svg></div><div class="style_rightContent__uriFd"><div><a class="style_title__1_GKe style_link__kUh6K" href="https://hashicorp.com/cloud">HashiCorp Cloud Platform</a><div class="style_description___11OB">Get started in minutes with our cloud products</div></div><a class="style_link__kUh6K" data-radix-collection-item="" href="https://portal.cloud.hashicorp.com/sign-up?ajs_aid=3e3b5796-ecd1-48e1-afed-7ee0ddb0f256">Sign up now<svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" id=":Rldj9esupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-external-link-16"></use></svg></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="style_navItem__4XkTC"><a class="style_navItemTrigger__65Jsv style_navItemLink__t1wPJ" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/pricing">Pricing</a></li><li class="style_navItem__4XkTC developers" data-testid="navItem-developers"><button id="radix-:Rsupjsq:-trigger-radix-:Rhesupjsq:" data-state="closed" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="radix-:Rsupjsq:-content-radix-:Rhesupjsq:" class="style_navItemTrigger__65Jsv" data-radix-collection-item="">Developers</button><button type="button" class="style_mobileNavItemTrigger__5OlYm">Developers<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.208 5.231A.75.75 0 0 1 9.27 5.21l6.5 6.25a.76.76 0 0 1 .23.54c0 .204-.084.4-.23.54l-6.5 6.25a.753.753 0 0 1-1.06-.02.75.75 0 0 1 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class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R2ljhesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-award-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Certifications</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/partners/find-a-partner"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R2tjhesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-grid-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Integrations</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/events?type=Webinar"><div 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data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/training"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R4ljlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-pencil-tool-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Training</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/resources"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R55jlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-bookmark-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Resource library</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/blog"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R5ljlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-align-left-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Blog</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/case-studies"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R65jlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-guide-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Case studies</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/resources?contentType=PDF"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R6ljlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-paperclip-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">White papers</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" data-radix-collection-item="" href="https://www.ibm.com/partnerplus?mhsrc=ibmsearch_a&amp;mhq=partner"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R75jlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-layout-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Partner portal login</div></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="style_column__78NkP"><ul class="style_linkList__qlMv_"><li><a 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class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/enterprise-academy"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R5pjlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-learn-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Enterprise academy</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/professional-services"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R69jlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-message-circle-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Professional services</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" data-radix-collection-item="" href="https://www.ibm.com/mysupport"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R6pjlesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-support-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Support</div></div></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="style_navItem__4XkTC company" data-testid="navItem-company"><button id="radix-:Rsupjsq:-trigger-radix-:Rpesupjsq:" data-state="closed" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="radix-:Rsupjsq:-content-radix-:Rpesupjsq:" class="style_navItemTrigger__65Jsv" data-radix-collection-item="">Company</button><button type="button" class="style_mobileNavItemTrigger__5OlYm">Company<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.208 5.231A.75.75 0 0 1 9.27 5.21l6.5 6.25a.76.76 0 0 1 .23.54c0 .204-.084.4-.23.54l-6.5 6.25a.753.753 0 0 1-1.06-.02.75.75 0 0 1 .021-1.06L14.168 12 8.23 6.29a.75.75 0 0 1-.022-1.059" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button><div class="style_mobilePanel__JAy9J" data-testid="mobile-panel-company"><div class="style_panelInner__TvqMP"><div class="style_panelContent__n1buH"><div class="style_root__p_Cu_"><div class="style_columns__lrqWw"><div class="style_column__78NkP"><ul class="style_linkList__qlMv_"><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/about"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R2djpesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-hashicorp-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">About</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/press"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R2ljpesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-newspaper-16"></use></svg></div><div><div class="">Press</div></div></a></li><li><a class="style_link__gi8Hr" hrefLang="en" data-radix-collection-item="" href="/en/careers"><div class="style_iconWrapper__Mgixo"><svg class="style_flight-icon__mIocd" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-foreground-faint)" id=":R2tjpesupjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use 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solutions</span></a></li></ol></nav><div class="header_text__4vZse"><h1 class="mds-typography-display-expressive-200 mds-typography-font-weight-semibold mds-foreground-strong header_title__G0E7J">Zero Downtime Updates with HashiCorp Terraform</h1><span class="mds-typography-body-300 mds-foreground-primary header_subtitle__Mjo_L">In this post, we are going to look at two simple features in Terraform that allow us to avoid downtime caused by updates and allow uninterrupted replacement of resources. The examples in this post use the DigitalOcean provider, however, the techniques explained are not specific to any particular provider they are features built into the Terraform core.</span></div><div class="header_byline__IWsZ6"><ul class="header_authorImages__6273a"><li class="header_authorImage__dGN8Z"><img loading="lazy" width="500" height="500" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F2885%2F1521522465-nic-jackson-hashicorp.jpg&amp;w=640&amp;q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F2885%2F1521522465-nic-jackson-hashicorp.jpg&amp;w=1080&amp;q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F2885%2F1521522465-nic-jackson-hashicorp.jpg&amp;w=1080&amp;q=75"/></li></ul><ul class="header_authors__zBGQq"><li><a href="/blog/authors/nic-jackson"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-medium mds-foreground-primary">Nic Jackson</span></a></li></ul></div><ul class="style_root__LnTJs"><li class="style_tag__DQyRM style_isVisible__9UB7q" aria-hidden="false"><a href="/blog/products/terraform" class="style_link__n1_cf"><div class="badge__zns82 size-large__Pviip type-outlined__l0zjH color-neutral__6Csf4"><svg class="flight-icon__f6lPO flight-icon-terraform display-inline__ItStG" aria-hidden="true" fill="var(--mds-color-terraform-foreground)" id=":R1m2ufnkv4upjsq:" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><use href="/_next/static/media/svg-sprite.e0bb55ed.svg#flight-terraform-16"></use></svg><div class="text__WoM4W" aria-hidden="false">Terraform</div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="post_image__HcHB3"><img loading="lazy" width="250" height="60" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="https://www.datocms-assets.com/2885/1506458596-blog-terraform.svg"/></div><div class="post_leftColumn__jGAH9"><div class="post_stickyColumn__r9Nt9"><div style="opacity:0"><p class="mds-typography-label mds-typography-font-weight-semibold mds-foreground-primary metadata_date__U3gdS">May 10, 2018</p><div class="metadata_authors__93aK0"><ul class="metadata_authorImages__Jx_ji"><li class="metadata_authorImage___o_G0"><img loading="lazy" width="500" height="500" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F2885%2F1521522465-nic-jackson-hashicorp.jpg&amp;w=640&amp;q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F2885%2F1521522465-nic-jackson-hashicorp.jpg&amp;w=1080&amp;q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datocms-assets.com%2F2885%2F1521522465-nic-jackson-hashicorp.jpg&amp;w=1080&amp;q=75"/></li></ul><ul class="metadata_authorNames__E_2ZH"><li class="metadata_author__CLjad"><a href="/blog/authors/nic-jackson"><span class="mds-typography-body-200 mds-typography-font-weight-medium mds-foreground-primary">Nic Jackson</span></a></li></ul></div><div><p class="mds-typography-label mds-typography-font-weight-semibold mds-foreground-faint metadata_shareText__qKUkx">Share article</p><ul class="style_blogPostSocialShare__Ysxc5"><li><button class="style_shareButton__ZEqi3"><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal">Twitter share</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" d="M13.712 10.622 20.413 3h-1.587l-5.819 6.618L8.36 3H3l7.027 10.007L3 21h1.588l6.145-6.989L15.64 21H21zM5.16 4.17H7.6l11.226 15.713h-2.439z"></path></svg></button></li><li><button class="style_shareButton__ZEqi3"><span style="position:absolute;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal">LinkedIn share</span><svg 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stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="post_content__vTzsg"><div class="post_content__vTzsg style_longformContentSection__MxJft g-type-body-long blockquote_blockquote__pvK2y hr_hr__MX7C_ ol-ul-lists_olUlLists__bhxBm"><p><strong>This guide exists for historical purposes, but a more up-to-date guide can be found on the HashiCorp Learn page: </strong><a href="https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/terraform/blue-green-canary-tests-deployments"><strong>Use Application Load Balancers for Blue-Green and Canary Deployments</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p><hr/><p><a href="https://www.hashicorp.com/products/terraform">HashiCorp Terraform</a> enables you to safely and predictably create, change, and improve infrastructure. It is an open source tool that codifies APIs into declarative configuration files that can be shared amongst team members, treated as code, edited, reviewed, and versioned.</p><p>Change is part of managing infrastructure, nothing ever stays the same and nor should it, we often need to update and patch VMs, and we need to be able to do this without causing any disruption to our users. When you change specific attributes on a resource such as the image of a VM, Terraform needs to destroy the resource and re-create it. When this is not managed correctly, this behavior can cause downtime for your systems.</p><p>In this post, we are going to look at two simple features in Terraform that allow us to avoid downtime caused by updates and allow uninterrupted replacement of resources. The examples in this post use the <a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/providers/do/index.html">DigitalOcean provider</a>, however, the techniques explained are not specific to any particular provider they are features built into the Terraform core.</p><h2><a class="__permalink-h" href="#problem-1:-how-to-ensure-new-infrastructure-is-created-before-the-old-is-destroyed" aria-label="problem 1: how to ensure new infrastructure is created before the old is destroyed permalink">»</a><a class="__target-h" id="problem-1:-how-to-ensure-new-infrastructure-is-created-before-the-old-is-destroyed" aria-hidden="true"></a>Problem 1: How to ensure new infrastructure is created before the old is destroyed</h2><p>Consider the following resource to create a simple droplet:</p><pre data-language="ruby"><code>resource &quot;digitalocean_droplet&quot; &quot;web&quot; {
count = 2
image = &quot;${var.image}&quot;
name = &quot;web-${count.index}&quot;
region = &quot;lon1&quot;
size = &quot;512mb&quot;
tags = [&quot;example&quot;]
}</code></pre><p>If this resource already exists from a previous <code>terraform apply</code> and we then modify the image, the next time we run <code>plan</code>, terraform informs us that the existing resource will be destroyed before the new one is created.</p><pre data-language="bash"><code>An execution plan has been generated and is shown below.
Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
~ update in-place
-/+ destroy and then create replacement
Terraform will perform the following actions:
-/+ digitalocean_droplet.web[0] (new resource required)
id: &quot;92822972&quot; =&gt; &lt;computed&gt; (forces new resource)
disk: &quot;20&quot; =&gt; &lt;computed&gt;</code></pre><p>The reason for this is that it is not possible to update this particular attribute of a resource and Terraform needs to remove the existing instance and the new one. Terraform&#x27;s standard behavior is that it will first <code>destroy</code> the resource and once the destruction has completed it will then <code>create</code> the replacement. In a production environment, this would cause undesirable momentary downtime.</p><p>To avoid this, we can utilize a meta parameter available on Terraform resource stanza blocks <a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/resources.html#lifecycle">lifecycle</a>.</p><p>The <code>lifecycle</code> configuration block allows you to set three different flags which control the lifecycle of your resource.</p><ul><li><p><strong>create_before_destroy</strong> - This flag is used to ensure the replacement of a resource is created before the original instance is destroyed.</p></li><li><p><strong>prevent_destroy</strong> - This flag provides extra protection against the destruction of a given resource.</p></li><li><p><strong>ignore_changes</strong> - Customizes how diffs are evaluated for resources, allowing individual attributes to be ignored through changes.</p></li></ul><p>The flag we are interested in is <code>create_before_destroy</code> and we can add it to our resource stanza like so:</p><pre data-language="ruby"><code>resource &quot;digitalocean_droplet&quot; &quot;web&quot; {
count = 2
image = &quot;${var.image}&quot;
#...
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
}</code></pre><p>With the addition of the <code>lifecycle hook</code>, when we run our <code>terraform apply</code>, Terraform first creates the new resources before destroying the old resources.</p><h2><a class="__permalink-h" href="#problem-2:-a-running-vm-does-not-necessarily-mean-a-working-application" aria-label="problem 2: a running vm does not necessarily mean a working application permalink">»</a><a class="__target-h" id="problem-2:-a-running-vm-does-not-necessarily-mean-a-working-application" aria-hidden="true"></a>Problem 2: A running VM does not necessarily mean a working application</h2><p>Because a virtual machine has started, it does not mean that an application is available to serve requests. When a VM starts it goes through a startup lifecycle; the VM boots, then systemd or startup scripts need to run. Finally, your application needs time to start. Terraform is not aware of your application lifecycle and depending on the type and complexity this could be some minutes after Terraform has created the instance.</p><p>To solve this problem, we can add a <a href="https://www.terraform.io/docs/provisioners/index.html">provisioner</a> to our resource which can perform an application health check. Terraform does not declare the resource successfully created until the provisioner has completed without error. The provisioner delays the destruction of the old resources until we are sure that our new resource has been created and is capable of serving requests.</p><pre data-language="ruby"><code>resource &quot;digitalocean_droplet&quot; &quot;web&quot; {
count = 2
image = &quot;${var.image}&quot;
#...
lifecycle {
create_before_destroy = true
}
provisioner &quot;local-exec&quot; {
command = &quot;./check_health.sh ${self.ipv4_address}&quot;
}
}</code></pre><p>In this example, we are running a shell script which curls the application and looks for an HTTP status code <code>200</code>. Depending on your application you may need to write something more complex. For example, if you are running Consul and the application registers a health check with Consul, your provisioner command could query Consul&#x27;s service catalog to check the application health. Because you can leverage all of the available provisioners, Terraform offers you the flexibility of tailoring this step specific to your resource. Once the provisioner has completed successfully then Terraform declares that the resource has been successfully created and continues to remove the old resource. Should the provisioner fail then Terraform will <code>taint</code> the resource and fail the <code>apply</code> step, the old resources are not deleted, and you can correct any issues and re-run <code>terraform plan</code> and <code>terraform apply</code>.</p><h2><a class="__permalink-h" href="#summary" aria-label="summary permalink">»</a><a class="__target-h" id="summary" aria-hidden="true"></a>Summary</h2><p>Implementing <code>lifecycle hooks</code> and utilizing <code>provisioners</code> ensure that your new resources are created and available to serve requests before Terraform removes the old instances, giving you a seamless and uninterrupted upgrade process.</p><p>To try out these examples, please see the example code which can be found at: <a href="https://github.com/nicholasjackson/terraform-digitalocean-lifecycle">https://github.com/nicholasjackson/terraform-digitalocean-lifecycle</a></p><p>A full walkthrough of this example can be seen in the following video:</p><p>For more information about Terraform please visit https://www.hashicorp.com/terraform.</p><p>Try the <a href="https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/terraform/blue-green-canary-tests-deployments?in=terraform/aws&amp;utm_source=WEBSITE&amp;utm_medium=WEB_IO&amp;utm_offer=ARTICLE_PAGE&amp;utm_content=DOCS">Use Application Load Balancers for Blue-Green and Canary Deployments</a> tutorial on HashiCorp Learn.</p></div></div><div class="post_rightColumn__68W3s"><div class="post_stickyColumn__r9Nt9"><div style="opacity:0"><ul class="table-of-contents_root__GEAlv"><li><a class="table-of-contents_itemLink__InXH7" href="#problem-1:-how-to-ensure-new-infrastructure-is-created-before-the-old-is-destroyed"><div class="table-of-contents_bar__Lw5aX"></div><span class="mds-typography-display-expressive-100 mds-typography-font-weight-medium mds-foreground-faint table-of-contents_heading__3AE_6">Problem 1: How to ensure new infrastructure is created before the old is destroyed</span></a></li><li><a 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The examples in this post use the DigitalOcean provider, however, the techniques explained are not specific to any particular provider they are features built into the Terraform core.\",\"category\":{\"id\":\"64056173\",\"title\":\"Technology \u0026 solutions\",\"slug\":\"technology-solutions\"},\"tags\":[{\"text\":\"Terraform\",\"slug\":\"terraform\",\"icon\":{\"name\":\"terraform\",\"color\":\"var(--mds-color-terraform-foreground)\"},\"src\":\"/blog/products/terraform\"}],\"authors\":[{\"id\":\"64054207\",\"slug\":\"nic-jackson\",\"name\":\"Nic Jackson\",\"jobTitle\":\"Developer Advocate\",\"bio\":\"Nic Jackson is a developer advocate and polyglot programmer working for HashiCorp, and the author of \\\"Building Microservices in Go\\\" a book which examines the best patterns and practices for building microservices with the Go programming language. In his spare time, Nic coaches and mentors at Coder Dojo, teaches at Women Who Go and GoBridge, speaks and evangelizes good coding practice, process, and technique.\",\"socialProfiles\":[{\"networkName\":\"twitter-x\",\"url\":\"https://twitter.com/sheriffjackson\"},{\"networkName\":\"linkedin\",\"url\":\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacksonnic/\"},{\"networkName\":\"github\",\"url\":\"https://github.com/nicholasjackson\"}],\"company\":{\"name\":\"HashiCorp\"},\"photo\":{\"url\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/2885/1521522465-nic-jackson-hashicorp.jpg\",\"alt\":null,\"width\":500,\"height\":500}}]},\"subtitle\":\"In this post, we are going to look at two simple features in Terraform that allow us to avoid downtime caused by updates and allow uninterrupted replacement of resources. The examples in this post use the DigitalOcean provider, however, the techniques explained are not specific to any particular provider they are features built into the Terraform core.\",\"authors\":[{\"name\":\"Nic Jackson\",\"photo\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/2885/1521522465-nic-jackson-hashicorp.jpg\",\"alt\":null,\"width\":500,\"height\":500},\"slug\":\"nic-jackson\"}],\"image\":{\"src\":\"https://www.datocms-assets.com/2885/1506458596-blog-terraform.svg\",\"alt\":null,\"width\":250,\"height\":60},\"category\":\"Technology \u0026 solutions\",\"date\":\"May 10, 2018\",\"content\":{\"value\":{\"schema\":\"dast\",\"document\":{\"type\":\"root\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"This guide exists for historical purposes, but a more up-to-date guide can be found on the HashiCorp Learn page: \"},{\"url\":\"https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/terraform/blue-green-canary-tests-deployments\",\"type\":\"link\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"Use Application Load Balancers for Blue-Green and Canary Deployments\"}]},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\".\"}]},{\"type\":\"thematicBreak\"},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"url\":\"https://www.hashicorp.com/products/terraform\",\"type\":\"link\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"HashiCorp Terraform\"}]},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" enables you to safely and predictably create, change, and improve infrastructure. It is an open source tool that codifies APIs into declarative configuration files that can be shared amongst team members, treated as code, edited, reviewed, and versioned.\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Change is part of managing infrastructure, nothing ever stays the same and nor should it, we often need to update and patch VMs, and we need to be able to do this without causing any disruption to our users. When you change specific attributes on a resource such as the image of a VM, Terraform needs to destroy the resource and re-create it. When this is not managed correctly, this behavior can cause downtime for your systems.\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"In this post, we are going to look at two simple features in Terraform that allow us to avoid downtime caused by updates and allow uninterrupted replacement of resources. The examples in this post use the \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.terraform.io/docs/providers/do/index.html\",\"type\":\"link\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"DigitalOcean provider\"}]},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\", however, the techniques explained are not specific to any particular provider they are features built into the Terraform core.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"level\":2,\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Problem 1: How to ensure new infrastructure is created before the old is destroyed\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Consider the following resource to create a simple droplet:\"}]},{\"code\":\"resource \\\"digitalocean_droplet\\\" \\\"web\\\" {\\n count = 2\\n image = \\\"${var.image}\\\"\\n name = \\\"web-${count.index}\\\"\\n region = \\\"lon1\\\"\\n size = \\\"512mb\\\"\\n tags = [\\\"example\\\"]\\n}\",\"type\":\"code\",\"language\":\"ruby\"},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"If this resource already exists from a previous \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"terraform apply\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" and we then modify the image, the next time we run \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"plan\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\", terraform informs us that the existing resource will be destroyed before the new one is created.\"}]},{\"code\":\"An execution plan has been generated and is shown below.\\nResource actions are indicated with the following symbols:\\n ~ update in-place\\n-/+ destroy and then create replacement\\n\\nTerraform will perform the following actions:\\n\\n-/+ digitalocean_droplet.web[0] (new resource required)\\n id: \\\"92822972\\\" =\u003e \u003ccomputed\u003e (forces new resource)\\n disk: \\\"20\\\" =\u003e \u003ccomputed\u003e\",\"type\":\"code\",\"language\":\"bash\"},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"The reason for this is that it is not possible to update this particular attribute of a resource and Terraform needs to remove the existing instance and the new one. Terraform's standard behavior is that it will first \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"destroy\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" the resource and once the destruction has completed it will then \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"create\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" the replacement. In a production environment, this would cause undesirable momentary downtime.\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"To avoid this, we can utilize a meta parameter available on Terraform resource stanza blocks \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/resources.html#lifecycle\",\"type\":\"link\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"lifecycle\"}]},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\".\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"The \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"lifecycle\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" configuration block allows you to set three different flags which control the lifecycle of your resource.\"}]},{\"type\":\"list\",\"style\":\"bulleted\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"create_before_destroy\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" - This flag is used to ensure the replacement of a resource is created before the original instance is destroyed.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"prevent_destroy\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" - This flag provides extra protection against the destruction of a given resource.\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"listItem\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"strong\"],\"value\":\"ignore_changes\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" - Customizes how diffs are evaluated for resources, allowing individual attributes to be ignored through changes.\"}]}]}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"The flag we are interested in is \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"create_before_destroy\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" and we can add it to our resource stanza like so:\"}]},{\"code\":\"resource \\\"digitalocean_droplet\\\" \\\"web\\\" {\\n count = 2\\n image = \\\"${var.image}\\\"\\n#...\\n\\n lifecycle {\\n create_before_destroy = true\\n }\\n}\",\"type\":\"code\",\"language\":\"ruby\"},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"With the addition of the \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"lifecycle hook\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\", when we run our \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"terraform apply\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\", Terraform first creates the new resources before destroying the old resources.\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"level\":2,\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Problem 2: A running VM does not necessarily mean a working application\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Because a virtual machine has started, it does not mean that an application is available to serve requests. When a VM starts it goes through a startup lifecycle; the VM boots, then systemd or startup scripts need to run. Finally, your application needs time to start. Terraform is not aware of your application lifecycle and depending on the type and complexity this could be some minutes after Terraform has created the instance.\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"To solve this problem, we can add a \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.terraform.io/docs/provisioners/index.html\",\"type\":\"link\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"provisioner\"}]},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" to our resource which can perform an application health check. Terraform does not declare the resource successfully created until the provisioner has completed without error. The provisioner delays the destruction of the old resources until we are sure that our new resource has been created and is capable of serving requests.\"}]},{\"code\":\"resource \\\"digitalocean_droplet\\\" \\\"web\\\" {\\n count = 2\\n image = \\\"${var.image}\\\"\\n#...\\n lifecycle {\\n create_before_destroy = true\\n }\\n\\n provisioner \\\"local-exec\\\" {\\n command = \\\"./check_health.sh ${self.ipv4_address}\\\"\\n }\\n}\",\"type\":\"code\",\"language\":\"ruby\"},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"In this example, we are running a shell script which curls the application and looks for an HTTP status code \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"200\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\". Depending on your application you may need to write something more complex. For example, if you are running Consul and the application registers a health check with Consul, your provisioner command could query Consul's service catalog to check the application health. Because you can leverage all of the available provisioners, Terraform offers you the flexibility of tailoring this step specific to your resource. Once the provisioner has completed successfully then Terraform declares that the resource has been successfully created and continues to remove the old resource. Should the provisioner fail then Terraform will \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"taint\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" the resource and fail the \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"apply\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" step, the old resources are not deleted, and you can correct any issues and re-run \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"terraform plan\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" and \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"terraform apply\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\".\"}]},{\"type\":\"heading\",\"level\":2,\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Summary\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Implementing \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"lifecycle hooks\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" and utilizing \"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"marks\":[\"code\"],\"value\":\"provisioners\"},{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\" ensure that your new resources are created and available to serve requests before Terraform removes the old instances, giving you a seamless and uninterrupted upgrade process.\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"To try out these examples, please see the example code which can be found at: \"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/nicholasjackson/terraform-digitalocean-lifecycle\",\"type\":\"link\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"https://github.com/nicholasjackson/terraform-digitalocean-lifecycle\"}]}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"A full walkthrough of this example can be seen in the following video:\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"For more information about Terraform please visit https://www.hashicorp.com/terraform.\"}]},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"children\":[{\"type\":\"span\",\"value\":\"Try the 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