2955 lines
130 KiB
HTML
2955 lines
130 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<meta name="description" content="A high-throughput Java service was stalling. The culprit? Stop-the-World GC pauses were blocked by synchronous log writes to a busy disk.">
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<meta name="keywords" content="CPU time, Java virtual machine, garbage collection">
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<meta property="og:description" content="A high-throughput Java service was stalling. The culprit? Stop-the-World GC pauses were blocked by synchronous log writes to a busy disk.">
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="dzone.com">
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<meta property="og:title" content="The JVM Pause That Wasn't: A War Story">
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://dzone.com/articles/the-jvm-pause-that-wasnt-a-war-story">
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/18729519-thumb.jpg">
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<meta property="og:type" content="article">
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@DZoneInc">
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/18729519-thumb.jpg">
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="A high-throughput Java service was stalling. The culprit? Stop-the-World GC pauses were blocked by synchronous log writes to a busy disk.">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="The JVM Pause That Wasn't: A War Story">
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<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
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<meta name="google-site-verification" content="kndbhxcupfEqWmZclhCpB6vlgOs7QSmx2UHAGGnP2mA">
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<meta name="df-verify" content="df0d76632b4543">
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<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/favicon.png">
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<link rel="image_src" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/18729519-thumb.jpg">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://dzone.com/articles/the-jvm-pause-that-wasnt-a-war-story">
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<title>The JVM Pause That Wasn't: A War Story</title>
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<link rel="preload" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/font/fontello.woff?11773374" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin="anonymous">
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/icons.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/global.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/header-updated/styles.css">
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<style>
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:root {
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--xs-size: 2px;
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--sm-size: 5px;
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--md-size: 10px;
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--lg-size: 15px;
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--xl-size: 25px;
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--sm-border-size: 8px;
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--sm-font-size: 13px;
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--sm-plus-font-size: 16px;
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--md-font-size: 18px;
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--lg-font-size: 22px;
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--xl-font-size: 26px;
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}
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/* Display Quick-Access Classes */
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.display-none { display: none; }
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.display-block { display: block; }
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.display-inline { display: inline; }
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.display-inline-block { display: inline-block; }
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/* Margin Quick-Access Classes */
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.m-xs { margin: var(--xs-size); }
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.m-sm { margin: var(--sm-size); }
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.m-md { margin: var(--md-size); }
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.m-lg { margin: var(--lg-size); }
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.m-xl { margin: var(--xl-size); }
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.mt-xs, .my-xs { margin-top: var(--xs-size); }
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.mr-xs, .mx-xs { margin-right: var(--xs-size); }
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.mb-xs, .my-xs { margin-bottom: var(--xs-size); }
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.ml-xs, .mx-xs { margin-left: var(--xs-size); }
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.mt-sm, .my-sm { margin-top: var(--sm-size); }
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.mr-sm, .mx-sm { margin-right: var(--sm-size); }
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.mb-sm, .my-sm { margin-bottom: var(--sm-size); }
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.ml-sm, .mx-sm { margin-left: var(--sm-size); }
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.mt-md, .my-md { margin-top: var(--md-size); }
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.mr-md, .mx-md { margin-right: var(--md-size); }
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.mb-md, .my-md { margin-bottom: var(--md-size); }
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.ml-md, .mx-md { margin-left: var(--md-size); }
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.mt-lg, .my-lg { margin-top: var(--lg-size); }
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.mr-lg, .mx-lg { margin-right: var(--lg-size); }
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.mb-lg, .my-lg { margin-bottom: var(--lg-size); }
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.ml-lg, .mx-lg { margin-left: var(--lg-size); }
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.mt-xl, .my-xl { margin-top: var(--xl-size); }
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.mr-xl, .mx-xl { margin-right: var(--xl-size); }
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.mb-xl, .my-xl { margin-bottom: var(--xl-size); }
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.ml-xl, .mx-xl { margin-left: var(--xl-size); }
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.ml-auto, .mx-auto { margin-left: auto; }
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.mr-auto, .mx-auto { margin-right: auto; }
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.mt-auto, .my-auto { margin-top: auto; }
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.mb-auto, .my-auto { margin-bottom: auto; }
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.my-none, .mt-none { margin-top: 0 !important; }
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.mx-none, .mr-none { margin-right: 0 !important; }
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||
.my-none, .mb-none { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
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.mx-none, .ml-none { margin-left: 0 !important; }
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/* Padding Quick-Access Classes */
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.p-xs { padding: var(--xs-size); }
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.p-sm { padding: var(--sm-size); }
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.p-md { padding: var(--md-size); }
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.p-lg { padding: var(--lg-size); }
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.p-xl { padding: var(--xl-size); }
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.pt-xs, .py-xs { padding-top: var(--xs-size); }
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.pr-xs, .px-xs { padding-right: var(--xs-size); }
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.pb-xs, .py-xs { padding-bottom: var(--xs-size); }
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.pl-xs, .px-xs { padding-left: var(--xs-size); }
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||
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.pt-sm, .py-sm { padding-top: var(--sm-size); }
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.pr-sm, .px-sm { padding-right: var(--sm-size); }
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.pb-sm, .py-sm { padding-bottom: var(--sm-size); }
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.pl-sm, .px-sm { padding-left: var(--sm-size); }
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.pt-md, .py-md { padding-top: var(--md-size); }
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.pr-md, .px-md { padding-right: var(--md-size); }
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.pb-md, .py-md { padding-bottom: var(--md-size); }
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.pl-md, .px-md { padding-left: var(--md-size); }
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.pt-lg, .py-lg { padding-top: var(--lg-size); }
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.pr-lg, .px-lg { padding-right: var(--lg-size); }
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.pb-lg, .py-lg { padding-bottom: var(--lg-size); }
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.pl-lg, .px-lg { padding-left: var(--lg-size); }
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||
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.pt-xl, .py-xl { padding-top: var(--xl-size); }
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.pr-xl, .px-xl { padding-right: var(--xl-size); }
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.pb-xl, .py-xl { padding-bottom: var(--xl-size); }
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.pl-xl, .px-xl { padding-left: var(--xl-size); }
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||
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||
.py-none, .pt-none { padding-top: 0 !important; }
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||
.px-none, .pr-none { padding-right: 0 !important; }
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||
.py-none, .pb-none { padding-bottom: 0 !important; }
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||
.px-none, .pl-none { padding-left: 0 !important; }
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||
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||
/* Flex Quick-Access Classes */
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||
.flex {
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||
display: flex;
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}
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.flex-column {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: column;
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||
}
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||
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.flex-column-reverse {
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||
display: flex;
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||
flex-direction: column-reverse;
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||
}
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||
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.flex-row {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: row;
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||
}
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||
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.flex-row-reverse {
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||
display: flex;
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flex-direction: row-reverse;
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||
}
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.flex-wrap {
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flex-wrap: wrap;
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}
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.flex-grow {
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flex-grow: 1;
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}
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.align-center { align-items: center; }
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.align-end { align-items: flex-end; }
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.content-center {
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align-content: center;
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}
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.justify-center { justify-content: center; }
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||
.justify-start { justify-content: flex-start; }
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||
.justify-end { justify-content: flex-end; }
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.justify-around { justify-content: space-around; }
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.justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
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.justify-evenly { justify-content: space-evenly; }
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||
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.gap-sm { gap: var(--sm-size); }
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||
.gap-md { gap: var(--md-size); }
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||
.gap-lg { gap: var(--lg-size); }
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||
.gap-xl { gap: var(--xl-size); }
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||
|
||
/* Display Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.inline-block { display: inline-block; }
|
||
|
||
/* Font Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.font-xl { font-size: var(--xl-font-size); }
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||
.font-lg { font-size: var(--lg-font-size); }
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||
.font-md { font-size: var(--md-font-size); }
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||
.font-sm-plus { font-size: var(--sm-plus-font-size); }
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.font-sm { font-size: var(--sm-font-size); }
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||
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||
.font-strike { text-decoration: line-through; }
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||
.font-underline { text-decoration: underline; }
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||
.font-overline { text-decoration: overline; }
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||
|
||
.font-italic { font-style: italic; }
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||
.font-bold { font-weight: bold; }
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||
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||
.font-black { color: #000000; }
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||
.font-white { color: #ffffff; }
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||
.font-gray { color: var(--brand-gray-text); }
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||
.font-danger { color: var(--header-dropdown-button-bg-danger); }
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||
.font-center { text-align: center; }
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||
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||
.no-wrap { white-space: nowrap; }
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||
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||
/* Consistent headings between h and non-h tags */
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||
.heading {
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||
margin-top: 0;
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||
margin-bottom: var(--md-size);
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||
}
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||
|
||
.heading.font-xl { line-height: var(--xl-font-size); }
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||
.heading.font-lg { line-height: var(--lg-font-size); }
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||
.heading.font-md { line-height: var(--md-font-size); }
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||
.heading.font-sm-plus { line-height: var(--sm-plus-font-size); }
|
||
.heading.font-sm { line-height: var(--sm-font-size); }
|
||
|
||
/* Font Clamp Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.line-clamp,
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||
.line-clamp-2,
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||
.line-clamp-3,
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||
.line-clamp-4,
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||
.line-clamp-5 {
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||
display: -webkit-box;
|
||
-webkit-line-clamp: 4;
|
||
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
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||
overflow: hidden;
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||
text-overflow: ellipsis;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.line-clamp-2 { -webkit-line-clamp: 2 !important; }
|
||
.line-clamp-3 { -webkit-line-clamp: 3 !important; }
|
||
.line-clamp-4 { -webkit-line-clamp: 4 !important; }
|
||
.line-clamp-5 { -webkit-line-clamp: 5 !important; }
|
||
|
||
/* User-Select Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.select-none { user-select: none; }
|
||
|
||
/* Position Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.absolute { position: absolute; }
|
||
.relative { position: relative; }
|
||
.float-left { float: left; }
|
||
.float-right { float: right; }
|
||
|
||
.pos-top { top: 0; }
|
||
.pos-right { right: 0; }
|
||
.pos-bottom { bottom: 0; }
|
||
.pos-left { left: 0; }
|
||
|
||
.va-top { vertical-align: top; }
|
||
.va-middle { vertical-align: middle; }
|
||
.va-bottom { vertical-align: bottom; }
|
||
|
||
/* Transition Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.trans-linear-quick {
|
||
transition: all 0.15s linear;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Background Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.bg-gray { background: #cccccc; }
|
||
.bg-white { background-color: white; }
|
||
.bg-none { background: none; }
|
||
|
||
/* Border Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.border-gray { border: 1px solid #cccccc; }
|
||
.tab-pane.border-gray { border: 1px solid #ddd; }
|
||
.no-border, .border-none { border: none !important; }
|
||
|
||
.bt-none { border-top: none !important; }
|
||
.br-none { border-right: none !important; }
|
||
.bb-none { border-bottom: none !important; }
|
||
.bl-none { border-left: none !important; }
|
||
|
||
/* Border Radius Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
|
||
.round-t-sm, .round-tl-sm { border-top-left-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-t-sm, .round-tr-sm { border-top-right-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-b-sm, .round-bl-sm { border-bottom-left-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-b-sm, .round-br-sm { border-bottom-right-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-sm { border-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
|
||
.round-fully { border-radius: 50%; }
|
||
|
||
/* Misc Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.haikei {
|
||
position: relative;
|
||
background-image: url('https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/polygon-scatter-haikei-shapes.svg');
|
||
background-repeat: no-repeat;
|
||
background-size: cover;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.haikei:before {
|
||
content: '';
|
||
position:absolute;
|
||
top: 0;
|
||
left: 0;
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
height: 100%;
|
||
background-color: var(--color-event-background);
|
||
z-index: -1;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.margin-auto-center {
|
||
display: block;
|
||
margin-left: auto;
|
||
margin-right: auto;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.flex-auto-center {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
margin-left: auto;
|
||
margin-right: auto;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.mw-1100 { max-width: 1100px; }
|
||
.mw-1300 { max-width: 1300px; }
|
||
.full-width { width: 100%; }
|
||
|
||
.h-separator {
|
||
background-color: #cccccc;
|
||
height: 1px;
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
margin: 5px auto;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.no-spacing {
|
||
margin: 0 !important;
|
||
padding: 0 !important;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.inherit-color { color: inherit; }
|
||
|
||
.inherit-decoration { text-decoration: inherit; }
|
||
|
||
/* Table Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
.table-border-gray tr:not(:last-child) {
|
||
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
table.full-width tr td:last-child {
|
||
width:100%;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Animation Quick-Access Classes */
|
||
@keyframes anim-spin {
|
||
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
|
||
100% { transform: rotate(359deg); }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.anim-spin {
|
||
display: inline-block;
|
||
animation: anim-spin 2s infinite linear;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.hov-pointer { cursor: pointer; }
|
||
.hov-brighten:hover { filter: brightness(1.2); }
|
||
.hov-darken:hover { filter: brightness(0.95); }
|
||
.hov-underline:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
|
||
|
||
/* Small tweaks related to components when using these styles */
|
||
.nav-tabs {
|
||
border-bottom: none;
|
||
}
|
||
.tab-content > .flex-column.active,
|
||
.tab-content > .flex-row.active {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/* Alpine components with x-cloak should not be visible by default until conditionals kick in */
|
||
[x-cloak] { display: none !important; }
|
||
</style>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/alpine-components/modal.css">
|
||
<script defer src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/alpinejs/3.13.2/cdn.min.js"></script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
document.addEventListener('alpine:init', () => {
|
||
Alpine.store('article', {
|
||
id: null,
|
||
engagement: {
|
||
open: false,
|
||
page: 1,
|
||
users: [],
|
||
additional: true,
|
||
loading: false,
|
||
initializing: false,
|
||
unauthorized: false,
|
||
enqueued: null,
|
||
dequeued: null,
|
||
|
||
reset() {
|
||
this.open = false;
|
||
this.page = 1;
|
||
this.users.splice(0);
|
||
this.additional = true;
|
||
this.loading = false;
|
||
this.initializing = false;
|
||
this.enqueued = null;
|
||
this.dequeued = null;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
enqueue(user) {
|
||
this.dequeued = null;
|
||
this.enqueued = user;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
dequeue(user) {
|
||
this.enqueued = null;
|
||
this.dequeued = user;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
add(user) {
|
||
this.users.push(user);
|
||
this.enqueued = null;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
remove(user) {
|
||
const index = this.users.findIndex(u => u.id === user.id);
|
||
|
||
if (index !== -1) {
|
||
this.users.splice(index, 1);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
this.dequeued = null;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
contains(user) {
|
||
return this.users.filter(u => u.id === user.id).length;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
Alpine.effect(() => {
|
||
const store = Alpine.store('article');
|
||
if (!store.engagement.additional && store.engagement.enqueued) {
|
||
if (!store.engagement.contains(store.engagement.enqueued)) {
|
||
store.engagement.add(store.engagement.enqueued);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
Alpine.effect(() => {
|
||
const store = Alpine.store('article');
|
||
if (store.engagement.page && store.engagement.dequeued) {
|
||
store.engagement.remove(store.engagement.dequeued);
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
});
|
||
</script></head>
|
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<body x-data>
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<div class="skybox skybox-closeBtn dz_skybox" data-gpt-slot="skybox" id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-99"></div>
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<header id="ftl-header">
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||
<div class="header-top">
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<div class="header-container">
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||
<div class="pull-left logo-container">
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<div class="logo">
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<a class="inner" href="/">
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<picture>
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<source srcset="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.webp" type="image/webp">
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<source srcset="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.png" type="image/png">
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<img src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.png" width="181" height="56" alt="DZone">
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</picture>
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</a>
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<div class="pull-right login-and-search">
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<div id="authenticated-block" class="logged-in">
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<div class="welcome-back">Thanks for visiting DZone today,</div>
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<button class="user-avatar">
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<span id="header-username" class="username"></span>
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||
<img id="header-avatar" src="" alt="user avatar">
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||
</button>
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||
<div id="user-dropdown" class="browse-user-menu">
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||
<div class="user-content">
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||
<a id="header-user-plug" href="#" class="user-description"></a>
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<a id="header-user-edit" href="#" class="edit-profile">Edit Profile</a>
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</div>
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<ul class="user-actions">
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<li id="first-user-action">
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<a id="header-dropdown-manage-email" href="#">Manage Email Subscriptions</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="/articles/how-to-submit-a-post-to-dzone?utm_source=DZone&utm_medium=user_dropdown&utm_campaign=how_to_post">
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</a>
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<a href="/articles/dzones-article-submission-guidelines">
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</ul>
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<a href="/users/logout.html" class="sign-out">Sign Out</a>
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<a id="dropdown-view-profile" href="#" class="view-profile">View Profile</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="post-content">
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<button id="post-button" class="post-content--button">
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<span class="post-class">Post</span>
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<i class="icon-plus"></i>
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</button>
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<div id="post-menu" class="posting-links">
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<div class="posting-links-menu">
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<ul>
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<li>
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<img src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz-postarticle.svg" width="15" height="18" style="width: 15px; height: 18px;">
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<a href="/content/article/post.html">Post an Article</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a id="drafts-link" href="#">Manage My Drafts</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="unauthenticated-block">
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<div class="dz-intro">Over 2 million developers have joined DZone.</div>
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<a href="/users/login.html">Log In</a>
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<a href="/static/registration.html">Join</a>
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</div>
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<a class="join-icon" href="/users/login.html" aria-label="User">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide svg-user lucide-user-icon lucide-user">
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<path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
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<circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
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</svg>
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</a>
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</div>
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<script>
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document.addEventListener('alpine:init', () => {
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Alpine.data('searchDrawer', () => ({
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||
open: false,
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||
query: '',
|
||
minCharsMet: false,
|
||
|
||
toggleVisibility() {
|
||
this.open = !this.open;
|
||
if (this.open) {
|
||
this.$nextTick(() => {
|
||
this.$refs.query.focus();
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||
});
|
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}
|
||
},
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|
||
updateSearchValue() {
|
||
if (!this.query || !this.query.length || this.query.length < 3) {
|
||
this.minCharsMet = false;
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
this.minCharsMet = true;
|
||
localStorage.setItem('ls.searchValue', this.query);
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||
},
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||
|
||
searchSite() {
|
||
if (this.minCharsMet) {
|
||
window.location = '/search';
|
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}
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}
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||
}));
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});
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</script>
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<div class="headerSearch" x-data="searchDrawer()" x-cloak>
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<button class="btn-search dropdown-toggle" x-on:click="toggleVisibility()" aria-label="Search">
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide svg-search lucide-search-icon lucide-search">
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<path d="m21 21-4.34-4.34"></path>
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||
<circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle>
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</svg>
|
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</button>
|
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<template x-teleport=".header-container">
|
||
<div id="search-drawer" x-show="open" x-on:click.outside="open = false" x-transition>
|
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<div class="search-input">
|
||
<input type="text"
|
||
placeholder="Search"
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autofocus="autofocus"
|
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x-model="query"
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||
x-ref="query"
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x-on:input.change="updateSearchValue()"
|
||
x-on:keyup.enter="searchSite()"
|
||
>
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<button x-on:click="searchSite()" x-bind:disabled="!minCharsMet">
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<span>Search</span>
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</button>
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</div>
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<div class="search-footer">
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Please enter at least three characters to search
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</div>
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</div>
|
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</template>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div> </div>
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<div class="header-bottom">
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<div class="header-bottom-container">
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<a class="resource-link" href="/refcardz">Refcards</a>
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<a class="resource-link" href="/trendreports">Trend Reports</a>
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<div class="resource-link link-menu">
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<a href="/events">Events</a>
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<a href="/events/video-library">Video Library</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<nav class="header-menu-bar">
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<div class="header-menu resource-category">
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<a href="/refcardz">Refcards</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-separator resource-category-separator"></div>
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<div class="header-menu resource-category">
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<a href="/trendreports">Trend Reports</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-separator resource-category-separator"></div>
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<div class="header-menu resource-category no-bottom-radius" data-click-activation>
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<p class="menu-label">Events</p>
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<div class="header-menu-items">
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<div class="header-menu-columns">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/events">View Events</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/events/video-library">Video Library</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu zone-menu" data-click-activation>
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<p class="menu-label">Zones <i class="icon-down-dir icon-closed"></i><i class="icon-right-dir icon-open"></i></p>
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<div class="header-menu-items">
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<div class="header-menu-columns">
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<div class="header-menu-column-item">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/culture-and-methodologies">Culture and Methodologies</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/agile">Agile</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/career-development">Career Development</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/methodologies">Methodologies</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/team-management">Team Management</a>
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</div>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data-engineering">Data Engineering</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/ai-ml">AI/ML</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/big-data">Big Data</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data">Data</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/databases">Databases</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/iot">IoT</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-column-item">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/software-design-and-architecture">Software Design and Architecture</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/cloud-architecture">Cloud Architecture</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/integration">Integration</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/microservices">Microservices</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/performance">Performance</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/security">Security</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-column-item">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/coding">Coding</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/frameworks">Frameworks</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/languages">Languages</a>
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</div>
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<div class="header-menu-column-item">
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-deployment-and-maintenance">Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/deployment">Deployment</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/devops-and-cicd">DevOps and CI/CD</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/maintenance">Maintenance</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/monitoring-and-observability">Monitoring and Observability</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-tools-and-frameworks">Testing, Tools, and Frameworks</a>
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</div>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/hubs/build-ai-agents-that-are-ready-for-production/">Build AI Agents That Are Ready for Production</a>
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</div>
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="1">
|
||
<a href="/culture-and-methodologies">Culture and Methodologies</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/agile">Agile</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/career-development">Career Development</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/methodologies">Methodologies</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/team-management">Team Management</a>
|
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</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="2">
|
||
<a href="/data-engineering">Data Engineering</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/ai-ml">AI/ML</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/big-data">Big Data</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data">Data</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/databases">Databases</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/iot">IoT</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="3">
|
||
<a href="/software-design-and-architecture">Software Design and Architecture</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/cloud-architecture">Cloud Architecture</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/containers">Containers</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/integration">Integration</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/microservices">Microservices</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/performance">Performance</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/security">Security</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="4">
|
||
<a href="/coding">Coding</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/frameworks">Frameworks</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/java">Java</a>
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/javascript">JavaScript</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/languages">Languages</a>
|
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<a class="header-menu-item" href="/tools">Tools</a>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="5">
|
||
<a href="/testing-deployment-and-maintenance">Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/deployment">Deployment</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/devops-and-cicd">DevOps and CI/CD</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/maintenance">Maintenance</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/monitoring-and-observability">Monitoring and Observability</a>
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-tools-and-frameworks">Testing, Tools, and Frameworks</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu parent-category sponsored" tabindex="6">
|
||
<a href="javascript:void(0)">Partner Zones</a>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-items sponsored">
|
||
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/hubs/build-ai-agents-that-are-ready-for-production/">Build AI Agents That Are Ready for Production</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
const csrf = {
|
||
parameter: 'TH_CSRF',
|
||
header: 'X-TH-CSRF',
|
||
token: '2442180730811541542'
|
||
}; // set csrf for auth-status script
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
|
||
handleRedirects();
|
||
handleMenus();
|
||
handleMobileMenuHeights();
|
||
handleGotoLinks();
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
function isHidden(element) {
|
||
try {
|
||
return window.getComputedStyle(element).display === 'none';
|
||
} catch (_) {
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function getLink(element) {
|
||
if (element.hasAttribute('data-goto')) {
|
||
return element.getAttribute('data-goto');
|
||
}
|
||
return element.href;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function isLeftClick(event) {
|
||
if (event.altKey || event.shiftKey) {
|
||
return false;
|
||
} else if ('buttons' in event || 'which' in event) {
|
||
return event.buttons === 1 || event.which === 1;
|
||
} else {
|
||
return (event.button === 1 || (event.type === 'click'));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function handleRedirects() {
|
||
const redirections = [...document.querySelectorAll('[data-activate-menu]'), ...document.querySelectorAll('[data-click-target]')];
|
||
|
||
redirections.forEach(function(element) {
|
||
const menuSelector = element.getAttribute('data-activate-menu') || element.getAttribute('data-click-target');
|
||
const redirectingElement = document.querySelector(menuSelector);
|
||
if (redirectingElement) {
|
||
element.style.cursor = 'pointer';
|
||
const redirect = function(e) {
|
||
if (redirectingElement.hasAttribute('href') || redirectingElement.hasAttribute('data-goto')) {
|
||
if (redirectingElement.hasAttribute('data-new-window') || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) {
|
||
window.open(getLink(redirectingElement), '_blank');
|
||
} else {
|
||
window.open(getLink(redirectingElement), '_self');
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
const evt = new e.constructor(e.type, e);
|
||
redirectingElement.dispatchEvent(evt);
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
element.addEventListener('mouseup', redirect);
|
||
element.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => e.preventDefault());
|
||
element.addEventListener('click', (e) => e.preventDefault());
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function handleMenus() {
|
||
const menuElements = [
|
||
...document.querySelectorAll('.header-menu > a'),
|
||
...document.querySelectorAll('.header-menu > p.menu-label')
|
||
];
|
||
|
||
let scrollYMemory = -1;
|
||
|
||
function scrollToMemory() {
|
||
if (scrollYMemory !== -1) {
|
||
setTimeout(function() {
|
||
window.scrollTo(0, scrollYMemory);
|
||
scrollYMemory = -1;
|
||
}, 10);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function hideMenus() {
|
||
// unfocus menus & items, and set the menus to non-visible.
|
||
menuElements.forEach(function (element) {
|
||
element.blur();
|
||
element.parentElement.blur();
|
||
element.parentElement.classList.remove('menu-opened');
|
||
const menuItems = element.parentElement.querySelector('.header-menu-items');
|
||
if (menuItems) {
|
||
menuItems.style.display = 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
const wasHidden = document.body.style.overflowY === 'hidden';
|
||
document.body.style.overflowY = 'auto';
|
||
if (wasHidden) {
|
||
scrollToMemory();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function isEventOutsideMenu(e) {
|
||
return e.target.closest && !e.target.closest('.header-menu') && !e.target.closest('[data-activate-menu]');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Handle mobile menu toggling
|
||
menuElements.forEach(function(element) {
|
||
const menu = element.parentElement;
|
||
const headerItems = menu.querySelector('.header-menu-items');
|
||
const menuEntries = headerItems ? headerItems.querySelectorAll('.header-menu-item') : [];
|
||
|
||
const focus = function() {
|
||
menu.focus();
|
||
menu.classList.add('menu-opened');
|
||
if (headerItems) {
|
||
headerItems.style.display = 'block';
|
||
}
|
||
if (menu.classList.contains('zone-menu')) {
|
||
scrollYMemory = window.scrollY;
|
||
document.body.style.overflowY = 'hidden';
|
||
} else {
|
||
scrollYMemory = -1;
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const unfocus = function() {
|
||
menu.blur();
|
||
menu.classList.remove('menu-opened');
|
||
if (headerItems) {
|
||
headerItems.style.display = 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
const wasHidden = document.body.style.overflowY === 'hidden';
|
||
document.body.style.overflowY = 'auto';
|
||
if (wasHidden) {
|
||
scrollToMemory();
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const toggleMenuVisibility = function(e) {
|
||
if ((e.type === 'click' || e.type === 'mouseup') && !isLeftClick(e)) {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
const hidden = isHidden(headerItems);
|
||
if (menu.hasAttribute('data-click-activation')) { // handle click activated toggling
|
||
if (hidden) {
|
||
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
|
||
focus();
|
||
} else {
|
||
unfocus();
|
||
}
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
} else if (hidden) {
|
||
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
|
||
focus();
|
||
e.preventDefault(); // prevent 'click' event from firing when menu is hidden
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
element.addEventListener('touchend', toggleMenuVisibility);
|
||
element.addEventListener('mouseup', toggleMenuVisibility);
|
||
|
||
// Add hover events to non-click-activated menus, even though CSS should cover it.
|
||
if (!menu.hasAttribute('data-click-activation')) {
|
||
menu.addEventListener('mouseover', function () {
|
||
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
|
||
focus();
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
menu.addEventListener('mouseout', function (e) {
|
||
if (isEventOutsideMenu(e)) {
|
||
unfocus();
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Hide menu when child is clicked
|
||
menuEntries.forEach(function(menuEntry) {
|
||
const linkToItem = function(e) {
|
||
if (e.type === 'mousedown' || e.type === 'click') {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
if (e.type === 'mouseup' && !isLeftClick(e)) {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
window.open(getLink(menuEntry), (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) ? '_blank' : (menuEntry.target || '_self'));
|
||
unfocus();
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const linkToMobileItem = function(e) {
|
||
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
|
||
menuEntry.setAttribute('data-touchmove', false);
|
||
} else if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
|
||
menuEntry.setAttribute('data-touchmove', true);
|
||
} else if (e.type === 'touchend' && (!menuEntry.hasAttribute('data-touchmove') || menuEntry.getAttribute('data-touchmove').toLowerCase() === 'false')) {
|
||
window.open(getLink(menuEntry), (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) ? '_blank' : (menuEntry.target || '_self'));
|
||
unfocus();
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('mousedown', linkToItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('mouseup', linkToItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('click', linkToItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchstart', linkToMobileItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchmove', linkToMobileItem);
|
||
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchend', linkToMobileItem);
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
function hideIfNonMenuBounds(e) {
|
||
if (isEventOutsideMenu(e)) {
|
||
hideMenus();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
addEventListener('mousemove', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
addEventListener('touchend', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
addEventListener('mouseup', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
addEventListener('mousedown', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
addEventListener('click', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function handleMobileMenuHeights() {
|
||
function setAppHeight() {
|
||
document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--app-height', window.innerHeight + 'px');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
addEventListener('resize', function() {
|
||
setAppHeight();
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
setAppHeight();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function handleGotoLinks() {
|
||
// Add anchor mimicking to elements with data-goto attributes
|
||
// This addresses SEO concerns of linking to noindex pages by allowing JS to handle the URL
|
||
const anchorElements = document.querySelectorAll('*[data-goto]');
|
||
anchorElements.forEach((anchorElement) => {
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseover', () => {
|
||
anchorElement.style.cursor = 'pointer';
|
||
anchorElement.style.textDecoration = 'underline';
|
||
});
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseout', () => {
|
||
anchorElement.style.cursor = 'unset';
|
||
anchorElement.style.textDecoration = 'unset';
|
||
});
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseup', (e) => {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
});
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
});
|
||
anchorElement.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
|
||
e.preventDefault();
|
||
const anchorHref = anchorElement.getAttribute('data-goto');
|
||
if (anchorElement.hasAttribute('data-new-window') || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) {
|
||
window.open(anchorHref, '_blank');
|
||
} else {
|
||
window.open(anchorHref, '_self');
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
</script><script>
|
||
const authenticatedBlock = document.querySelector('#authenticated-block');
|
||
const unauthenticatedBlock = document.querySelector('#unauthenticated-block');
|
||
|
||
let authenticated = {
|
||
isAuthenticated: false,
|
||
isAdmin: false,
|
||
user: {
|
||
id: null,
|
||
name: null,
|
||
url: null,
|
||
profileImage: null,
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
fetch('/services/internal/data/articles-getAuthenticationStatus', {
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Accept': 'application/json'
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
.then(function (result) {
|
||
return result.json()
|
||
})
|
||
.then(function (result) {
|
||
const res = result.result.data
|
||
if (!res.authenticated) {
|
||
unauthenticatedBlock.classList.add('shown')
|
||
} else {
|
||
authenticated.user.id = res.id;
|
||
authenticated.user.name = res.realName;
|
||
authenticated.user.url = res.profileUrl;
|
||
authenticated.user.profileImage = res.avatar;
|
||
authenticated.user.jobTitle = res.jobTitle;
|
||
authenticated.user.companyName = res.companyName;
|
||
|
||
bindProps('#header-username', null, null, (res.firstName || res.username), null)
|
||
bindProps('#header-avatar', null, res.avatar, null, null)
|
||
bindProps('#header-user-plug', res.profileUrl, null, res.realName, null)
|
||
bindProps('#header-user-edit', '/users/' + res.id + '/edit.html', null, null, null)
|
||
bindProps('#header-dropdown-manage-email', '/newsletters/' + res.id + '/manage.html', null, null, null)
|
||
bindProps('#dropdown-view-profile', res.profileUrl, null, null, null)
|
||
bindProps('#drafts-link', '/users/' + res.id + '/drafts.html', null, null, null)
|
||
|
||
if (res.isAdmin) {
|
||
// Construct backwards so the #after call places elements in the correct order
|
||
const firstUserAction = document.querySelector('#first-user-action')
|
||
const adminConsoleItem = document.createElement('li')
|
||
const adminConsoleLink = createLink('/dzone/staff/index.html', 'Admin Console')
|
||
adminConsoleItem.appendChild(adminConsoleLink)
|
||
firstUserAction.after(adminConsoleItem)
|
||
|
||
const moderationItem = document.createElement('li')
|
||
const moderationLink = createLink('/moderation/list.html', 'Moderation')
|
||
moderationItem.appendChild(moderationLink)
|
||
firstUserAction.after(moderationItem)
|
||
|
||
const bountyModerationItem = document.createElement('li')
|
||
const bountyModerationLink = createLink('/moderation/bounties', 'Bounty Moderation')
|
||
bountyModerationItem.appendChild(bountyModerationLink)
|
||
firstUserAction.after(bountyModerationItem)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
authenticated.isAuthenticated = res.authenticated;
|
||
authenticated.isAdmin = res.isAdmin;
|
||
|
||
authenticatedBlock.classList.add('shown')
|
||
}
|
||
}).catch(function (result) {
|
||
console.error(result)
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Binds different properties to the selected element.
|
||
*
|
||
* @param selector - Selector to select the element
|
||
* @param href - href attribute value
|
||
* @param src - src attribute value
|
||
* @param innerHTML - innerHTML property value
|
||
* @param innerText - innerText property value
|
||
*/
|
||
function bindProps(selector, href, src, innerHTML, innerText) {
|
||
const element = document.querySelector(selector)
|
||
if (element) {
|
||
if (href) element.href = href
|
||
if (src) element.src = src
|
||
if (innerHTML) element.innerHTML = innerHTML
|
||
if (innerText) element.innerText = innerText
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Creates a new link element.
|
||
*
|
||
* @param href - href attribute value
|
||
* @param innerText - innerText property value
|
||
* @returns {HTMLAnchorElement} The generated link element
|
||
*/
|
||
function createLink(href, innerText) {
|
||
const link = document.createElement('a')
|
||
link.href = href
|
||
link.innerText = innerText
|
||
|
||
return link
|
||
}
|
||
</script><script>
|
||
const userHeader = document.querySelector('#user-header')
|
||
const userDropdown = document.querySelector('#user-dropdown')
|
||
const postDropdown = document.querySelector('#post-button')
|
||
const postMenu = document.querySelector('#post-menu')
|
||
|
||
let userDropdownOpen = false
|
||
let postDropdownOpen = false
|
||
|
||
document.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
|
||
if (postDropdown && postDropdown.contains(event.target)) {
|
||
setUserDropdown(false)
|
||
setPostDropdown(!postDropdownOpen)
|
||
} else if (userHeader && userHeader.contains(event.target)) {
|
||
setPostDropdown(false)
|
||
setUserDropdown(!userDropdownOpen)
|
||
} else {
|
||
setUserDropdown(false)
|
||
setPostDropdown(false)
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
function setUserDropdown(value) {
|
||
userDropdownOpen = value
|
||
if (userDropdownOpen) {
|
||
if (userDropdown) {
|
||
userDropdown.classList.add('open')
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
if (userDropdown) {
|
||
userDropdown.classList.remove('open')
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function setPostDropdown(value) {
|
||
postDropdownOpen = value
|
||
if (postDropdownOpen) {
|
||
if (postMenu) {
|
||
postMenu.classList.add('open')
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
if (postMenu) {
|
||
postMenu.classList.remove('open')
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</script><script>
|
||
document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
|
||
Alpine.store('global', {
|
||
executeHttp(path, body, method) {
|
||
const options = {
|
||
method: method,
|
||
headers: {
|
||
[csrf.header]: csrf.token
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
if (method !== 'GET') {
|
||
options.body = JSON.stringify(body);
|
||
options.headers = {
|
||
...options.headers,
|
||
'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
|
||
fetch(path, options)
|
||
.then(res => {
|
||
if (!res.ok) {
|
||
reject(res);
|
||
} else {
|
||
resolve(res);
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
.catch(err => reject(err));
|
||
});
|
||
},
|
||
getFromService(path) {
|
||
return this.executeHttp(path, null, 'GET');
|
||
},
|
||
postToService(path, body = {}) {
|
||
return this.executeHttp(path, body, 'POST');
|
||
},
|
||
putToService(path, body = {}) {
|
||
return this.executeHttp(path, body, 'PUT');
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/colors.css">
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/styles.css">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="body-container">
|
||
<div id="announcement-container-outer">
|
||
<div id="announcement-previous">
|
||
<i class="icon-angle-left"></i>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="announcement-next">
|
||
<i class="icon-angle-right"></i>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="announcement-container">
|
||
<div class="announcement announcement-count-1"
|
||
data-position="1">
|
||
<div class="body"><p><strong>Could your team report a vulnerability within 24 hours? </strong>Find out on September 23.</p></div>
|
||
<div class="spacer"></div>
|
||
<a href="https://cvent.me/O32zXR?utm_source=Announcements&utm_medium=DzoneWeb&utm_campaign=QtGroup-0923" target="_blank">
|
||
<button>Assess Your CRA Readiness</button>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" async>
|
||
(function() {
|
||
let announcementPosition = 1;
|
||
let minAnnouncementPosition = -1;
|
||
let maxAnnouncementPosition = -1;
|
||
|
||
const announcementPrevBtn = document.querySelector('#announcement-previous');
|
||
const announcementNextBtn = document.querySelector('#announcement-next');
|
||
|
||
function withAnnouncements(callback) {
|
||
const announcements = document.querySelectorAll('#announcement-container .announcement');
|
||
for (let announcement of announcements) {
|
||
callback(announcement);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function initAnnouncementVars() {
|
||
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--mobile-announcement-separator-width', '1px');
|
||
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
|
||
const pos = parseInt(announcement.getAttribute('data-position'));
|
||
minAnnouncementPosition = minAnnouncementPosition === -1 ? pos : Math.min(minAnnouncementPosition, pos);
|
||
maxAnnouncementPosition = maxAnnouncementPosition === -1 ? pos : Math.max(maxAnnouncementPosition, pos);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
if (document.querySelector('.announcementBarContainer')) {
|
||
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--body-top-padding', '0');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (maxAnnouncementPosition <= 0) {
|
||
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--body-top-padding', '0');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function setAnnouncementPosition(position) {
|
||
if (window.outerWidth >= 890) {
|
||
return; // we do not need to change the position, since we can display everything on desktop.
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Make the announcement cyclical
|
||
if (minAnnouncementPosition !== -1 && maxAnnouncementPosition !== -1) {
|
||
if (position > maxAnnouncementPosition) {
|
||
position = minAnnouncementPosition; // overflow to the first announcement
|
||
} else if (position < minAnnouncementPosition) {
|
||
position = maxAnnouncementPosition; // underflow to the last announcement
|
||
}
|
||
announcementPosition = position;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const shownAnnouncements = [];
|
||
|
||
let reverseFlex = false; // should only be true when the first and last items are showing
|
||
|
||
// Now that the position is valid, apply the transforms
|
||
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
|
||
const pos = parseInt(announcement.getAttribute('data-position'));
|
||
const isWrapped = position === maxAnnouncementPosition && pos === minAnnouncementPosition; // showing first + last at same time
|
||
const doesNextQualify = window.outerWidth >= 500 && (pos === position + 1 || isWrapped);
|
||
|
||
if (pos === position || doesNextQualify) {
|
||
shownAnnouncements.push(announcement);
|
||
} else {
|
||
announcement.style.display = 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
announcement.style.opacity = 0.0;
|
||
|
||
if (isWrapped) {
|
||
reverseFlex = true;
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
for (let announcement of shownAnnouncements) {
|
||
announcement.style.display = 'flex';
|
||
announcement.style.opacity = 1.0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const announcementContainer = document.querySelector('#announcement-container');
|
||
if (announcementContainer) {
|
||
announcementContainer.style.flexDirection = reverseFlex ? 'row-reverse' : 'row';
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function resetAnnouncements() {
|
||
announcementPosition = 1;
|
||
const announcementContainer = document.querySelector('#announcement-container');
|
||
if (announcementContainer) {
|
||
announcementContainer.style.flexDirection = 'row';
|
||
}
|
||
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
|
||
announcement.style.opacity = 1.0;
|
||
announcement.style.display = 'flex';
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile() {
|
||
if (maxAnnouncementPosition <= 2 && announcementPrevBtn && announcementNextBtn) {
|
||
announcementPrevBtn.style.display = maxAnnouncementPosition === 2 && window.outerWidth < 500 ? 'flex' : 'none';
|
||
announcementNextBtn.style.display = maxAnnouncementPosition === 2 && window.outerWidth < 500 ? 'flex' : 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
if (maxAnnouncementPosition === 1 && window.outerWidth >= 500 && window.outerWidth < 890) {
|
||
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--mobile-announcement-separator-width', '0');
|
||
document.querySelector('#announcement-container .announcement').style.maxWidth = '100%';
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function resetAnnouncementsOnResize() {
|
||
announcementPosition = 1; // we want to reset the announcement position every resize
|
||
if (window.outerWidth >= 890) { // 4 announcements can be shown (215px * 4) + separator padding
|
||
resetAnnouncements();
|
||
} else { // if we're still on mobile, set the position to normalize things after resize
|
||
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition);
|
||
sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
window.addEventListener('resize', resetAnnouncementsOnResize);
|
||
|
||
initAnnouncementVars();
|
||
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition); // sets the min & max positions as well as initializes transforms
|
||
|
||
if (announcementPrevBtn) {
|
||
announcementPrevBtn.onclick = function() {
|
||
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition - 1);
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (announcementNextBtn) {
|
||
announcementNextBtn.onclick = function() {
|
||
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition + 1);
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
})(); </script>
|
||
<div id="ftl-article" class="trending-article-body">
|
||
<aside class="trending-sidebar" aria-labelledby="related-sidebar-heading">
|
||
<div class="trending">
|
||
<h2 id="related-sidebar-heading">Related</h2>
|
||
<div class="trending-separator"></div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="item">
|
||
<a href="/articles/bottleneck-of-scaling" class="related-link">The Bottleneck of Scaling</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="item">
|
||
<a href="/articles/rust-sql-alternatives-dataframe-workloads" class="related-link">Rust-Native Alternatives to Spark SQL and DataFrame Workloads</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="item">
|
||
<a href="/articles/java-pod-oomkill-kubernetes" class="related-link">The Invisible OOMKill: Why Your Java Pod Keeps Restarting in Kubernetes</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="item">
|
||
<a href="/articles/optimizing-java-arm64-cloud-applications" class="related-link">Optimizing Java Applications for Arm64 in the Cloud</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
<div class="container-fluid body trending-article-fluid">
|
||
<div class="row">
|
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"articleBody": "In high-performance computing, we are trained to hunt for bottlenecks in our code, our algorithms, or our infrastructure. But my favorite bug was not in any of those. It was an invisible interaction between the JVM's garbage collector and the server's disk, resulting in 15+ second, stop-the-world (STW) pauses on a service handling millions of requests per second. The Mystery: The 503 Spikes I was working on a large-scale Java service handling millions of user requests per second. The system was designed for extreme throughput, but we were plagued by intermittent spikes in load balancer timeouts, causing 503 responses to be returned to the users. We found that under load, a subset of our web servers would stall and stop accepting new connections for several seconds, causing requests to pile up and fail. The only clue was that this behavior correlated with periods of heavy disk I/O, which a separate, disk-based caching system on the same host was generating. The Smoking Gun: Decoding the GC Log After weeks of debugging, we finally captured the \"smoking gun\" in the garbage collection logs. A typical Young GC pause should be in the tens or hundreds of milliseconds. We saw this: Shell [timestamp]: 184512.789: [GC [PSYoungGen: 1058042K->17224K(1069568K)] 3112024K->2018456K(3258112K), 15.3495220 secs] [Times: user=0.25 sys=0.05, real=15.35 secs] At first glance, this looks like a horribly long GC pause. But the \"Aha!\" moment is in the [Times] section: user=0.25 sys=0.05 (Total CPU Time: 0.30s): This is the actual CPU time the GC process used. The GC algorithm itself was incredibly fast and efficient.real=15.35 secs (Wall-Clock Time): This is the total time that passed in the real world from the moment the pause started to the moment it ended. The discrepancy was stark: the JVM was in a Stop-the-World state for over 15 seconds, but it was only working (on-CPU) for 0.3 seconds. For the other ~15 seconds, the STW thread was \"off-CPU,\" stuck in a waiting state. A young GC is a \"Stop-the-World\" event. The JVM literally halts all application threads to safely move memory around. We discovered that the very last step of this GC operation was to synchronously write the log entry to the GC log file. That simple write() syscall was the killer. Because the disk was under heavy contention from the other caching process, the kernel's I/O queue was saturated. The GC thread's log write, a seemingly harmless operation, got stuck in that queue, waiting for the physical disk. And because the JVM was in an STW pause, the entire application was frozen, waiting for that single log line to be written. The fix was simple: we stopped writing the GC log to that contended disk. Two Solutions for This Problem This fundamental issue, namely a critical, blocking thread waiting on I/O, is as relevant today as it ever was. Here are the two primary ways to solve it. 1. The Filesystem Level Fix (Our solution) This was our original solution. We changed the GC log path from its default location on a physical disk to a RAM-backed filesystem. How: We pointed the log output (e.g., -Xloggc:/var/log/my-app/gc.log) to a path in tmpfs, like -Xloggc:/dev/shm/my-app-gc.log. Why it works: Writes to tmpfs are not true disk I/O. They are memory-to-memory copies that are virtually instantaneous. The write() call returns immediately, and the STW pause ends. What about memory overruns? This was a valid concern. Writing logs to RAM could, in theory, consume all available memory and crash the server. We mitigated this by using the JVM's built-in log rotation flags. By setting: Shell -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=6 -XX:GCLogFileSize=20M we capped the total memory usage for GC logs at a predictable 120MB, eliminating the risk of a runaway process. Trade-offs (Cons): Logs are ephemeral: The logs in /dev/shm are lost on every system reboot or container restart.Archiving is lost: This change meant the logs were no longer automatically picked up by our centralized, persistent logging system. This required a separate log-shipping agent (like a sidecar) to be configured if persistence is still needed. 2. The JVM-Level Fix (The Modern Approach) For many years, the tmpfs hack was the only solution. More recently, a formal JVM feature to add asynchronous GC logging was developed and contributed by the Amazon Corretto team and became a standard feature in OpenJDK 17. How: Use the async decorator to your -Xlog flag. Shell -Xlog:async -XX:AsyncLogBufferSize=100M Why it works: The STW GC thread no longer performs the I/O. It writes the log message to a small, in-memory buffer and immediately resumes application threads. A separate, low-priority background thread is then responsible for flushing that buffer to the disk. Pros: This is the \"official\" and intended solution.Requires no OS-level tricks.Logs are written to a standard file path, making collection easy. Cons: In extreme burst scenarios (unlikely for GC logs), the async buffer could fill, which might cause the main thread to stall.Not an option on older Java deployments Why This Still Matters This problem has been reborn in the age of containers. The modern \"best practice\" is to have applications log directly to stdout/stderr. But stdout is not a magic void; it's a pipe. Some other process must be reading from the other end of that pipe. This is typically the container runtime (like containerd) or a logging agent (like Fluentd, Vector, or Logstash). If that logging agent is slow, misconfigured, or it gets blocked on its own network or disk I/O, its read buffer fills up. This backpressure travels up the pipe, and your application's next write() to stdout will block. If the JVM tries to write a GC log to stdout during an STW pause and the logging agent is overwhelmed, you will be right back in the same stall. Key Takeaways real vs. user+sys is your signal: When you see a high real time but low user + sys time in any log, it's not a CPU problem. It's an I/O problem (disk, network) or an OS scheduler problem (CPU starvation).No I/O on a critical path: Never perform blocking I/O, including \"simple\" logging, on a thread that the entire application depends on.Use async logging: For modern JVMs, use the -XLog:async flag. It's the cleanest way to move this I/O off the critical path.Be paranoid about stdout: In a containerized world, logging to stdout is still a blocking I/O call. Ensure your cluster's logging pipeline is robust and non-blocking, or you risk turning a logging delay into an application-wide stall.",
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<p>A high-throughput Java service was stalling. The culprit? Stop-the-World GC pauses were blocked by synchronous log writes to a busy disk.</p>
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By<span style="user-select: none;"> </span>
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<a href="/users/5418959/natrajkaushik.html" rel="nofollow" data-core-user="false">Nataraj Mocherla</a>
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Nov. 06, 25
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<div class="content-html"><p>In high-performance computing, we are trained to hunt for bottlenecks in our code, our algorithms, or our infrastructure. But my favorite bug was not in any of those. It was an invisible interaction between the JVM's garbage collector and the server's disk, resulting in 15+ second, stop-the-world (STW) pauses on a service handling millions of requests per second.</p>
|
||
<h2><strong>The Mystery: The 503 Spikes</strong></h2>
|
||
<p>I was working on a large-scale Java service handling millions of user requests per second. The system was designed for extreme throughput, but we were plagued by intermittent spikes in load balancer timeouts, causing 503 responses to be returned to the users. </p>
|
||
<p>We found that under load, a subset of our web servers would <strong>stall and stop accepting new connections</strong> for several seconds, causing requests to pile up and fail. The only clue was that this behavior <strong>correlated with periods of heavy disk I/O</strong>, which a separate, disk-based caching system on the same host was generating.</p>
|
||
<h2><strong>The Smoking Gun: Decoding the GC Log</strong></h2>
|
||
<p>After weeks of debugging, we finally captured the "smoking gun" in the garbage collection logs. A typical Young GC pause should be in the tens or hundreds of milliseconds. We saw this:</p>
|
||
<div class="codeMirror-wrapper newest" contenteditable="false">
|
||
<div contenteditable="false">
|
||
<div class="codeHeader">
|
||
<div class="nameLanguage">
|
||
Shell
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||
</div><i class="icon-cancel-circled-1 cm-remove"> </i>
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</div>
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<div class="codeMirror-code--wrapper" data-code="[timestamp]: 184512.789: [GC [PSYoungGen: 1058042K->17224K(1069568K)]
|
||
3112024K->2018456K(3258112K), 15.3495220 secs]
|
||
[Times: user=0.25 sys=0.05, real=15.35 secs]" data-lang="text/x-sh">
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<pre><code lang="text/x-sh">[timestamp]: 184512.789: [GC [PSYoungGen: 1058042K->17224K(1069568K)]
|
||
3112024K->2018456K(3258112K), 15.3495220 secs]
|
||
[Times: user=0.25 sys=0.05, real=15.35 secs]</code></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><br></p>
|
||
<p>At first glance, this looks like a horribly long GC pause. But the "Aha!" moment is in the <code>[Times]</code> section:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong><code>user=0.25 sys=0.05</code> (Total CPU Time: 0.30s):</strong> This is the <em>actual</em> CPU time the GC process used. The GC algorithm itself was incredibly fast and efficient.</li>
|
||
<li><strong><code>real=15.35 secs</code> (Wall-Clock Time):</strong> This is the total time that passed in the real world from the moment the pause started to the moment it ended. </li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The discrepancy was stark: the JVM was in a <strong>Stop-the-World</strong> state for over 15 seconds, but it was only <em>working</em> (on-CPU) for 0.3 seconds. For the other ~15 seconds, the STW thread was "off-CPU," stuck in a <strong>waiting</strong> state.</p>
|
||
<p>A young GC is a "Stop-the-World" event. The JVM literally halts all application threads to safely move memory around. We discovered that the <em>very last step</em> of this GC operation was to <strong>synchronously write the log entry</strong> to the GC log file. That simple <code>write()</code> syscall was the killer. Because the disk was under heavy contention from the other caching process, the kernel's I/O queue was saturated. The GC thread's log write, a seemingly harmless operation, got stuck in that queue, waiting for the physical disk. And because the JVM was in an STW pause, the <em>entire application</em> was frozen, waiting for that single log line to be written.</p>
|
||
<p>The fix was simple: we <strong>stopped writing the GC log to that contended disk</strong>.</p>
|
||
<h2><strong>Two Solutions for This Problem</strong></h2>
|
||
<p>This fundamental issue, namely a critical, blocking thread waiting on I/O, is as relevant today as it ever was. Here are the two primary ways to solve it.</p>
|
||
<h3>1. The Filesystem Level Fix (Our solution)</h3>
|
||
<p>This was our original solution. We changed the GC log path from its default location on a physical disk to a RAM-backed filesystem.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>How</strong>: We pointed the log output (e.g., <code>-Xloggc:/var/log/my-app/gc.log</code>) to a path in <code>tmpfs</code>, like <code>-Xloggc:/dev/shm/my-app-gc.log</code>.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Why it works</strong>: Writes to <code>tmpfs</code> are not true disk I/O. They are memory-to-memory copies that are virtually instantaneous. The <code>write()</code> call returns immediately, and the STW pause ends.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>What about memory overruns</strong>? This was a valid concern. Writing logs to RAM could, in theory, consume all available memory and crash the server. We mitigated this by using the JVM's built-in log rotation flags. By setting:</p>
|
||
<div data-hveid="0" data-ved="0CAAQhtANahgKEwiq09LP6sKQAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQvgE">
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<div class="codeMirror-wrapper newest" contenteditable="false">
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<div contenteditable="false">
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||
<div class="codeHeader">
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<div class="nameLanguage">
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Shell
|
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</div><i class="icon-cancel-circled-1 cm-remove"> </i>
|
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</div>
|
||
<div class="codeMirror-code--wrapper" data-code="-XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=6 -XX:GCLogFileSize=20M" data-lang="text/x-sh">
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<pre><code lang="text/x-sh">-XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=6 -XX:GCLogFileSize=20M</code></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><br></p>
|
||
<p>we capped the total memory usage for GC logs at a predictable 120MB, eliminating the risk of a runaway process.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><strong>Trade-offs (Cons)</strong>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Logs are ephemeral:</strong> The logs in <code>/dev/shm</code> are lost on every system reboot or container restart.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Archiving is lost</strong>: This change meant the logs were no longer automatically picked up by our centralized, persistent logging system. This required a separate log-shipping agent (like a sidecar) to be configured if persistence is still needed.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3>2. The JVM-Level Fix (The Modern Approach)</h3>
|
||
<p>For many years, the <code>tmpfs</code> hack was the <em>only</em> solution. More recently, a formal JVM feature to add asynchronous GC logging was developed and contributed by the Amazon Corretto team and became a standard feature in <strong>OpenJDK 17.</strong></p>
|
||
<p><strong>How</strong>: Use the <code>async</code> decorator to your <code>-Xlog</code> flag.</p>
|
||
<div data-hveid="0" data-ved="0CAAQhtANahgKEwiq09LP6sKQAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQvwE">
|
||
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|
||
<div contenteditable="false">
|
||
<div class="codeHeader">
|
||
<div class="nameLanguage">
|
||
Shell
|
||
</div><i class="icon-cancel-circled-1 cm-remove"> </i>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="codeMirror-code--wrapper" data-code="-Xlog:async -XX:AsyncLogBufferSize=100M" data-lang="text/x-sh">
|
||
<pre><code lang="text/x-sh">-Xlog:async -XX:AsyncLogBufferSize=100M</code></pre>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><br></p>
|
||
<p><strong>Why it works</strong>: The STW GC thread no longer performs the I/O. It writes the log message to a small, in-memory buffer and <strong>immediately</strong> resumes application threads. A separate, low-priority background thread is then responsible for flushing that buffer to the disk.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p><strong>Pros</strong>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>This is the "official" and intended solution.</li>
|
||
<li>Requires no OS-level tricks.</li>
|
||
<li>Logs are written to a standard file path, making collection easy.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><strong>Co</strong><strong>ns</strong>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>In extreme burst scenarios (unlikely for GC logs), the async buffer could fill, which might cause the main thread to stall.</li>
|
||
<li>Not an option on older Java deployments</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2><strong>Why This Still Matters</strong></h2>
|
||
<p>This problem has been reborn in the age of containers. The modern "best practice" is to have applications log directly to <strong><code>stdout</code>/<code>stderr</code></strong>. But <code>stdout</code> is not a magic void; it's a pipe. Some other process must be reading from the other end of that pipe. </p>
|
||
<p>This is typically the container runtime (like <code>containerd</code>) or a logging agent (like Fluentd, Vector, or Logstash). If that logging agent is slow, misconfigured, or <em>it</em> gets blocked on its own network or disk I/O, its read buffer fills up. This backpressure travels up the pipe, and your application's next <code>write()</code> to <code>stdout</code> <strong>will block</strong>. If the JVM tries to write a GC log to <code>stdout</code> during an STW pause and the logging agent is overwhelmed, you will be right back in the same stall.</p>
|
||
<h2><strong>Key Takeaways</strong></h2>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong><code>real</code> vs. <code>user+sys</code> is your signal</strong>: When you see a high <code>real</code> time but low <code>user</code> + <code>sys</code> time in any log, it's not a CPU problem. It's an I/O problem (disk, network) or an OS scheduler problem (CPU starvation).</li>
|
||
<li><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong>No I/O on a critical path</strong>: Never perform blocking I/O, including "simple" logging, on a thread that the entire application depends on.</span></li>
|
||
<li><strong>Use <code>async</code> logging</strong>: For modern JVMs, use the <code>-XLog:async</code> flag. It's the cleanest way to move this I/O off the critical path.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Be paranoid about <code>stdout</code></strong>: In a containerized world, logging to <code>stdout</code> is still a blocking I/O call. Ensure your cluster's logging pipeline is robust and non-blocking, or you risk turning a logging delay into an application-wide stall.</li>
|
||
</ol></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div id="bottom-bumper-container"></div>
|
||
<div class="article-tag-pill-container">
|
||
<span class="article-tag-pill">CPU time</span>
|
||
<span class="article-tag-pill">Java virtual machine</span>
|
||
<span class="article-tag-pill">garbage collection</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="attribution">
|
||
<p>Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.</p>
|
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<a href="/articles/bottleneck-of-scaling" class="goto-link related-link">The Bottleneck of Scaling</a>
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<a href="/articles/rust-sql-alternatives-dataframe-workloads" class="goto-link related-link">Rust-Native Alternatives to Spark SQL and DataFrame Workloads</a>
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<a href="/articles/java-pod-oomkill-kubernetes" class="goto-link related-link">The Invisible OOMKill: Why Your Java Pod Keeps Restarting in Kubernetes</a>
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<a href="/articles/optimizing-java-arm64-cloud-applications" class="goto-link related-link">Optimizing Java Applications for Arm64 in the Cloud</a>
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return user.profile.companyName;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return null;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
isDataUnavailable() {
|
||
return !this.$store.article.engagement.initializing && !this.$store.article.engagement.users.length;
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
isFooterShowing() {
|
||
return !this.$store.article.engagement.initializing
|
||
&& this.$store.article.engagement.additional
|
||
&& this.$store.article.engagement.page > 1;
|
||
}
|
||
}));
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<div class="alpine-overlay" x-cloak x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error._open">
|
||
<div id="modal_engagement_error"
|
||
class="alpine-modal"
|
||
role="dialog"
|
||
tabindex="-1"
|
||
x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error._open"
|
||
x-on:click.self="$store.modal_engagement_error.dismissible && $store.modal_engagement_error.close()"
|
||
x-cloak
|
||
x-transition
|
||
>
|
||
<div class="dz-style modal-inner centered relative">
|
||
<button x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error.closeable"
|
||
class="btn-close"
|
||
x-on:click="$store.modal_engagement_error.close()"
|
||
aria-label="Close">
|
||
</button>
|
||
|
||
<div x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error.title" class="modal-header p-sm mt-sm mb-md">
|
||
<div class="title " x-text="$store.modal_engagement_error.title"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="modal-content py-md px-lg" x-bind:class="{ 'has-top-border': $store.modal_engagement_error.title }">
|
||
<p x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error.bodyText" class="my-none" x-text="$store.modal_engagement_error.bodyText"></p>
|
||
<p>The likes didn't load as expected. Please refresh the page and try again.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error.options.length" class="modal-footer p-sm">
|
||
<template x-for="option in $store.modal_engagement_error.options">
|
||
<button x-show="option.canDisplay" x-text="option.text"
|
||
type="button"
|
||
x-bind:id="'button_modal_engagement_error_' + option.index"
|
||
x-bind:class="option.classList"
|
||
x-on:click="option.onClick"
|
||
x-bind:disabled="option.isDisabled"
|
||
></button>
|
||
</template>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
|
||
Alpine.store("modal_engagement_error", {
|
||
_open: false,
|
||
title: "Oops! Something Went Wrong",
|
||
bodyText: null,
|
||
options: [{"action":"dismiss","text":"Close"}],
|
||
closeable: true,
|
||
dismissible: true,
|
||
open(data) {
|
||
if (data) {
|
||
if (data.title) {
|
||
this.title = data.title;
|
||
}
|
||
if (data.bodyText) {
|
||
this.bodyText = data.bodyText;
|
||
}
|
||
if (data.options) {
|
||
this.options = data.options;
|
||
}
|
||
if (data.dismissAfterMs) {
|
||
setTimeout(() => this._open = false, data.dismissAfterMs);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
this.updateOptions();
|
||
this._open = true;
|
||
},
|
||
close() {
|
||
// Manually click the buttons in which should run on dismiss.
|
||
// This is to keep the context. Calling this[option.action]() will not work.
|
||
for (let option of this.options) {
|
||
if (option.runOnDismiss) {
|
||
const element = document.querySelector('#button_modal_engagement_error_' + option.index);
|
||
element.click();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
this._open = false;
|
||
},
|
||
updateOptions() {
|
||
const btnStyle = this.options.length === 2 ? ' btn-default' : '';
|
||
this.options = this.options.map((o, idx) => ({
|
||
...o,
|
||
index: idx,
|
||
classList: o.classList ? o.classList : (idx === 0 ? "btn btn-primary hov-brighten" : "btn hov-underline" + btnStyle),
|
||
onClick: function() {
|
||
if (o.action !== "dismiss") {
|
||
this[o.action]();
|
||
}
|
||
this.$store["modal_engagement_error"].close();
|
||
},
|
||
isDisabled: function() {
|
||
return Object.hasOwn(o, 'disabled') && this[o.disabled]();
|
||
},
|
||
canDisplay: function() {
|
||
return !Object.hasOwn(o, 'condition') || this[o.condition]();
|
||
}
|
||
}));
|
||
},
|
||
init() {
|
||
this.updateOptions();
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/footer/styles.css">
|
||
|
||
<div id="ftl-footer">
|
||
<div class="container-fluid footerOuter" style="padding-bottom: 90px;">
|
||
<div class="row">
|
||
<div class="col-md-12">
|
||
<div class="container">
|
||
<div class="row footer">
|
||
<div class="col-md-12 footerWidget">
|
||
<div class="row footerContainer footer">
|
||
<div class="left col-xs-12 col-sm-7">
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 social-media-icons footer-mobile">
|
||
<ul class="icons-only">
|
||
<li class="rss-icon" id="rss-footer-1">
|
||
<a href="/pages/feeds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-4 h-4 mt-1.75 fill-current" aria-label="Follow our RSS feeds">
|
||
<title>RSS</title>
|
||
<path d="M19.199 24C19.199 13.467 10.533 4.8 0 4.8V0c13.165 0 24 10.835 24 24h-4.801zM3.291 17.415c1.814 0 3.293 1.479 3.293 3.295 0 1.813-1.485 3.29-3.301 3.29C1.47 24 0 22.526 0 20.71s1.475-3.294 3.291-3.295zM15.909 24h-4.665c0-6.169-5.075-11.245-11.244-11.245V8.09c8.727 0 15.909 7.184 15.909 15.91z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="twitter-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://twitter.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on X">
|
||
<title>X</title>
|
||
<path d="M14.234 10.162 22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532.929 1.329 7.754 11.09h-3.182z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="facebook-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook">
|
||
<title>Facebook</title>
|
||
<path d="M9.101 23.691v-7.98H6.627v-3.667h2.474v-1.58c0-4.085 1.848-5.978 5.858-5.978.401 0 .955.042 1.468.103a8.68 8.68 0 0 1 1.141.195v3.325a8.623 8.623 0 0 0-.653-.036 26.805 26.805 0 0 0-.733-.009c-.707 0-1.259.096-1.675.309a1.686 1.686 0 0 0-.679.622c-.258.42-.374.995-.374 1.752v1.297h3.919l-.386 2.103-.287 1.564h-3.246v8.245C19.396 23.238 24 18.179 24 12.044c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.628 3.874 10.35 9.101 11.647Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="linkedin-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dzone/" target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn">
|
||
<path d="M6.20062 21.2143H1.84688V7.194H6.20062V21.2143ZM4.02141 5.2815C2.62922 5.2815 1.5 4.12838 1.5 2.73619C1.5 2.06747 1.76565 1.42614 2.2385 0.953285C2.71136 0.48043 3.35269 0.214783 4.02141 0.214783C4.69012 0.214783 5.33145 0.48043 5.80431 0.953285C6.27716 1.42614 6.54281 2.06747 6.54281 2.73619C6.54281 4.12838 5.413 5.2815 4.02141 5.2815ZM22.4953 21.2143H18.1509V14.3893C18.1509 12.7628 18.1181 10.6768 15.8873 10.6768C13.6237 10.6768 13.2769 12.444 13.2769 14.2721V21.2143H8.92781V7.194H13.1034V9.1065H13.1644C13.7456 8.00494 15.1655 6.84244 17.2838 6.84244C21.69 6.84244 22.5 9.744 22.5 13.5128V21.2143H22.4953Z" fill="currentColor"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="top-section col-xs-12">
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
|
||
<p class="section-header">ABOUT US</p>
|
||
<ul class="link-group">
|
||
<li><a href="/pages/about" rel="noreferrer noopener">About DZone</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5a292f2a2a35282e1a3e2035343f74393537" rel="noreferrer noopener">Support and feedback</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/pages/dzone-community-research">Community research</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
|
||
<p class="section-header">ADVERTISE</p>
|
||
<ul class="link-group">
|
||
<li><a href="https://advertise.dzone.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Advertise with DZone</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="bottom-section col-xs-12">
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
|
||
<p class="section-header">CONTRIBUTE ON DZONE</p>
|
||
<ul class="bottom-top-list link-group">
|
||
<li><a href="/articles/dzones-article-submission-guidelines">Article Submission Guidelines</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/pages/contribute" rel="noreferrer noopener">Become a Contributor</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/pages/core" rel="noreferrer noopener">Core Program</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="/writers-zone" rel="noreferrer noopener">Visit the Writers' Zone</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p class="section-header">LEGAL</p>
|
||
<ul class="link-group">
|
||
<li><a href="https://technologyadvice.com/terms-conditions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Terms of Service</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://technologyadvice.com/privacy-policy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Privacy Policy</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
|
||
<p class="section-header">CONTACT US</p>
|
||
<ul class="link-group">
|
||
<li>3343 Perimeter Hill Drive</li>
|
||
<li>Suite 215</li>
|
||
<li>Nashville, TN 37211</li>
|
||
<li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#0f7c7a7f7f607d7b4f6b7560616a216c6062" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="186b6d6868776a6c587c6277767d367b7775">[email protected]</span></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="right col-xs-12 col-sm-5">
|
||
|
||
<p class="connect-text">Let's be friends:</p>
|
||
<div class="col-xs-12 social-media-icons footer-wide">
|
||
<ul class="icons-only">
|
||
<li class="rss-icon" id="rss-footer-1">
|
||
<a href="/pages/feeds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow our RSS feeds">
|
||
<title>RSS</title>
|
||
<path d="M19.199 24C19.199 13.467 10.533 4.8 0 4.8V0c13.165 0 24 10.835 24 24h-4.801zM3.291 17.415c1.814 0 3.293 1.479 3.293 3.295 0 1.813-1.485 3.29-3.301 3.29C1.47 24 0 22.526 0 20.71s1.475-3.294 3.291-3.295zM15.909 24h-4.665c0-6.169-5.075-11.245-11.244-11.245V8.09c8.727 0 15.909 7.184 15.909 15.91z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="twitter-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://twitter.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on X">
|
||
<title>X</title>
|
||
<path d="M14.234 10.162 22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532.929 1.329 7.754 11.09h-3.182z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="facebook-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook">
|
||
<title>Facebook</title>
|
||
<path d="M9.101 23.691v-7.98H6.627v-3.667h2.474v-1.58c0-4.085 1.848-5.978 5.858-5.978.401 0 .955.042 1.468.103a8.68 8.68 0 0 1 1.141.195v3.325a8.623 8.623 0 0 0-.653-.036 26.805 26.805 0 0 0-.733-.009c-.707 0-1.259.096-1.675.309a1.686 1.686 0 0 0-.679.622c-.258.42-.374.995-.374 1.752v1.297h3.919l-.386 2.103-.287 1.564h-3.246v8.245C19.396 23.238 24 18.179 24 12.044c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.628 3.874 10.35 9.101 11.647Z"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="linkedin-icon">
|
||
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dzone/" target="_blank"
|
||
rel="noreferrer noopener">
|
||
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn">
|
||
<path d="M6.20062 21.2143H1.84688V7.194H6.20062V21.2143ZM4.02141 5.2815C2.62922 5.2815 1.5 4.12838 1.5 2.73619C1.5 2.06747 1.76565 1.42614 2.2385 0.953285C2.71136 0.48043 3.35269 0.214783 4.02141 0.214783C4.69012 0.214783 5.33145 0.48043 5.80431 0.953285C6.27716 1.42614 6.54281 2.06747 6.54281 2.73619C6.54281 4.12838 5.413 5.2815 4.02141 5.2815ZM22.4953 21.2143H18.1509V14.3893C18.1509 12.7628 18.1181 10.6768 15.8873 10.6768C13.6237 10.6768 13.2769 12.444 13.2769 14.2721V21.2143H8.92781V7.194H13.1034V9.1065H13.1644C13.7456 8.00494 15.1655 6.84244 17.2838 6.84244C21.69 6.84244 22.5 9.744 22.5 13.5128V21.2143H22.4953Z" fill="currentColor"></path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script>
|
||
const articleId = 3603564;
|
||
const likes = 11;
|
||
const assetDomain = 'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com';
|
||
const codemirrorVars = {
|
||
modeURI: 'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/mode/',
|
||
requiredScripts: [
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/lib/codemirror.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/addon/mode/overlay.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/addon/mode/multiplex.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/mode/meta.js'
|
||
]
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const gptTags = {
|
||
'zone': 'Java',
|
||
'topicTag': 'CPU time,Java virtual machine,garbage collection',
|
||
'company': '',
|
||
'siteSection': 'Zones',
|
||
'articleCategory': 'analysis',
|
||
'nodeID': '3603564',
|
||
'authorID': '5418959',
|
||
'publishYear': '2025',
|
||
'publishMonth': '11',
|
||
'jobRole': '',
|
||
'companySize': '',
|
||
'env': 'prod'
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
const minCommentChar = 10;
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script async>const width = window.innerWidth;
|
||
|
||
const metadata = {
|
||
'top': {
|
||
'position': 'top',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_article_billboard_new',
|
||
},
|
||
'sponsorLogo': {
|
||
'position': 'zoneHomepage',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_sponsor_logo',
|
||
'refreshable': false
|
||
},
|
||
'sidebar1': {
|
||
'position': 'sidebar',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_article_halfpage_new',
|
||
'minWidthToShow': 1024
|
||
},
|
||
'topBumper': {
|
||
'position': 'top',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_bumper_text_ad',
|
||
'minWidthToShow': 1024
|
||
},
|
||
'bottomBumper': {
|
||
'position': 'bottom',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_bumper_text_ad',
|
||
'minWidthToShow': 1024
|
||
},
|
||
'bottom': {
|
||
'position': 'bottom',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_article_bottom',
|
||
},
|
||
'bottomStickyFooter': {
|
||
'position': 'sticky',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_sticky_footer_leaderboard',
|
||
},
|
||
'partner': {
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_partner_resource_link',
|
||
},
|
||
'branded': {
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_branded_content',
|
||
'refreshable': false
|
||
},
|
||
'topicBillboard': {
|
||
'position': ['top', 'zoneHomepage'],
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_topic_billboard',
|
||
},
|
||
'listPageSidebar': {
|
||
'position': 'sidebar',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_sidebar',
|
||
'minWidthToShow': 1024
|
||
},
|
||
'topListPageLeaderboard2': {
|
||
'position': ['top', 'zoneList'],
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_leaderboard_2',
|
||
},
|
||
'bottomListPageLeaderboard2': {
|
||
'position': ['bottom', 'zoneList'],
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_leaderboard_2',
|
||
},
|
||
'homepageLeaderboard': {
|
||
'position': 'top',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_leaderboard',
|
||
},
|
||
'homepageLeaderboard2': {
|
||
'position': 'bottom',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_leaderboard_2',
|
||
},
|
||
'skybox': {
|
||
'position': 'above nav',
|
||
'slot': 'dz_skybox',
|
||
'refreshable': false
|
||
},
|
||
'inline': {
|
||
'position': 'inline',
|
||
'slot': 'dz2_inline-article-display',
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
var campaign = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("adTargeting_campaign");
|
||
|
||
window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] };
|
||
|
||
if (campaign) {
|
||
window.googletag.cmd.push(function() {
|
||
window.googletag.setConfig({ targeting: { campaign }});
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
let lastHeader = null;
|
||
|
||
const topContainer = document.querySelector('#top-bumper-container');
|
||
const bottomContainer = document.querySelector('#bottom-bumper-container');
|
||
|
||
function GAM_getPersistentValue(key) {
|
||
const stored = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key));
|
||
|
||
if (!stored) {
|
||
return null;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const { value, expiration } = stored;
|
||
|
||
if (expiration && Date.now() >= expiration) {
|
||
localStorage.removeItem(key);
|
||
return null;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return value;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function GAM_setPersistentValue(key, value, expiration) {
|
||
// 5 minutes from now
|
||
if (!expiration) {
|
||
expiration = Date.now() + 300000;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const storedValue = JSON.stringify({
|
||
value: value,
|
||
expiration: expiration
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
localStorage.setItem(key, storedValue);
|
||
|
||
return value;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function GAM_synchronousRequest(params) {
|
||
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
|
||
xhr.open('GET', params.url, false);
|
||
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
|
||
|
||
if (typeof params.auth_header !== "undefined") {
|
||
xhr.setRequestHeader("Authorization", params.auth_header);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
xhr.send(null);
|
||
if (xhr.status === 200) {
|
||
return xhr.responseText;
|
||
} else {
|
||
throw new Error('Request failed: ' + xhr.statusText);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function GAM_fetch_data(params) {
|
||
let stored_data = GAM_getPersistentValue(params.storage_key);
|
||
|
||
if (stored_data === null) {
|
||
try {
|
||
const response = GAM_synchronousRequest(params);
|
||
const data = JSON.parse(response);
|
||
|
||
// Store and expire after 30 minutes
|
||
return GAM_setPersistentValue(params.storage_key, data, Date.now() + 1800000);
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
console.error('Could not get ' + params.storage_key + ' data: ' + error);
|
||
return null;
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
return stored_data;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function GAM_setUpSixSenseTargeting() {
|
||
let meData = GAM_fetch_data({
|
||
url: "https://link.technologyadvice.com/_me",
|
||
storage_key: "ta_me_data"
|
||
});
|
||
let sixSenseData = GAM_fetch_data({
|
||
url: "https://epsilon.6sense.com/v3/company/details",
|
||
auth_header: "Token d20a1b0e892442270cbc4cb6801c0160d28af04c",
|
||
storage_key: "ta_6s_data"
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
function meDataIncludes(i) {
|
||
return meData.tags.includes(i);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (typeof meData !== "undefined" && meData !== null) {
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("visitor_id", meData.vid);
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user_agent", meData.user_agent);
|
||
|
||
var tags_mapping = {
|
||
"is_datacenter": ["site.is-datacenter"],
|
||
"is_suspected_bot": ["site.suspected-bad-bot", "site.bad-bot"],
|
||
"is_ta_user": ["site.is-ta-user"],
|
||
"is_crawler": ["site.user-agent-blocked"],
|
||
"is_ad_blocked": ["site.is-ad-blocked"],
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
for (var key in tags_mapping) {
|
||
if (tags_mapping[key].some(meDataIncludes)) {
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(key, 'true');
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (typeof sixSenseData !== "undefined" && sixSenseData !== null) {
|
||
var segment_ids = [];
|
||
if (sixSenseData.segments && sixSenseData.segments.ids && sixSenseData.segments.ids.length) {
|
||
sixSenseData.segments.ids.forEach(function (v) {
|
||
segment_ids.push(v.toString());
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
if (typeof segment_ids !== "undefined" && segment_ids.length > 0) {
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("segment_ids_6si", segment_ids);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (width >= 1024 && (topContainer || bottomContainer)) {
|
||
// Dynamically create bumper ad slots for non-mobile devices.
|
||
// Prevents ugly dividers being rendered on empty ad slots (mobile)
|
||
const topBumper = document.createElement('div');
|
||
topBumper.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-3';
|
||
topBumper.classList.add('article-bumper', 'article-bumper-top', 'dz2_bumper_text_ad');
|
||
topBumper.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'topBumper');
|
||
|
||
topContainer.appendChild(topBumper);
|
||
|
||
const bottomBumper = document.createElement('div');
|
||
bottomBumper.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-4';
|
||
bottomBumper.classList.add('article-bumper', 'article-bumper-bottom', 'dz2_bumper_text_ad');
|
||
bottomBumper.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'bottomBumper');
|
||
|
||
bottomContainer.appendChild(bottomBumper);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (gptTags.zone) {
|
||
gptTags.zone = gptTags.zone.replaceAll(/[\s/]/g, '_')
|
||
.replaceAll(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g, '')
|
||
.toLowerCase();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
makeAds();
|
||
|
||
function handleSkybox() {
|
||
const skybox = document.querySelector('div.skybox');
|
||
if (skybox) {
|
||
document.body.classList.add('skybox-auto-collapse');
|
||
// observe classlist changes for offsetting sticky ads
|
||
const observer = new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
|
||
mutations.forEach((mutation) => {
|
||
if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && mutation.attributeName === 'class') {
|
||
let offset = 0;
|
||
if (!document.body.classList.contains('skybox-closed') && (
|
||
document.body.classList.contains('ccad-skybox-manualcollapse')
|
||
|| document.body.classList.contains('ccad-skybox-manualexpand')
|
||
)) {
|
||
offset = skybox.getBoundingClientRect().height;
|
||
}
|
||
let eligibleAds = [
|
||
{ element: document.querySelector('.content-right-images'), offset: 108 },
|
||
{ element: document.querySelector('.trending-sidebar'), offset: 88 },
|
||
{ element: document.querySelector('.trending'), offset: 88 }
|
||
];
|
||
for (let ad of eligibleAds) {
|
||
if (ad.element) {
|
||
ad.element.style.top = (ad.offset + offset) + 'px';
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
observer.observe(document.body, { attributes: true });
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function isHeaderEligible(header) {
|
||
const range = document.createRange();
|
||
range.setStartAfter(lastHeader);
|
||
range.setEndBefore(header);
|
||
|
||
return range.toString().trim().length >= 600;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function placeInlineAds() {
|
||
const excludedContent = document.querySelectorAll('#ftl-article.branded-content, #ftl-article.sponsored');
|
||
|
||
if (excludedContent.length > 0) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const headers = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.content-html h2')).splice(1);
|
||
|
||
let globalIndex = 12;
|
||
|
||
for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
|
||
if (!lastHeader || isHeaderEligible(headers[i])) {
|
||
const element = document.createElement('div');
|
||
element.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-' + globalIndex;
|
||
element.classList.add('inline-display', 'dz2_inline-article-display');
|
||
element.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'inline');
|
||
headers[i].before(element);
|
||
lastHeader = element;
|
||
globalIndex++;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function makeAds() {
|
||
handleSkybox();
|
||
placeInlineAds();
|
||
|
||
const script = document.createElement('script');
|
||
script.src = 'https://i6ByW9Zmz4ncxhHkb.ay.delivery/manager/i6ByW9Zmz4ncxhHkb';
|
||
script.type = 'text/javascript';
|
||
script.referrerPolicy = 'no-referrer-when-downgrade';
|
||
|
||
document.head.appendChild(script);
|
||
|
||
window.googletag.cmd.push(function() {
|
||
const containers = document.querySelectorAll('div[data-gpt-slot]');
|
||
|
||
for (let container of containers) {
|
||
const div = container.getAttribute('data-gpt-slot');
|
||
const meta = metadata[div];
|
||
|
||
if (meta.minWidthToShow && width < meta.minWidthToShow) {
|
||
continue;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting('hostname', window.location.hostname);
|
||
|
||
Object.keys(gptTags).forEach(function(key) {
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(key, gptTags[key]);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', (event) => {
|
||
window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
|
||
var slotId = event.slot.getSlotElementId();
|
||
|
||
if (!slotId.includes('__ayManagerEnv__')) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var className = slotId.split('__ayManagerEnv__')[0];
|
||
var slotName = className.replace('dz2_', '').replace('dz_', '').replace(/_\d+$/, '');
|
||
var unitName = meta.slot.replace('dz2_', '').replace('dz_', '').replace(/_\d+$/, '');
|
||
|
||
if (slotName !== unitName) {
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var elem = document.getElementById(slotId);
|
||
|
||
if (!elem) {
|
||
console.warn('Ad element missing', slotId);
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Ad unit did not fill, collapse slot
|
||
if (event.isEmpty && elem.parentElement) {
|
||
elem.parentElement.style.display = 'none';
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
GAM_setUpSixSenseTargeting();
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script async>// InMobi Choice. Consent Manager Tag v3.0 (for TCF 2.2)
|
||
!function(){var e=window.location.hostname,t=document.createElement("script"),n=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],a="https://cmp.inmobi.com".concat("/choice/","vPn77x7pBG57Y","/","dzone.com","/choice.js?tag_version=V3"),p=0;t.async=!0,t.type="text/javascript",t.src=a,n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n),function(){for(var e,t="__tcfapiLocator",n=[],a=window;a;){try{if(a.frames[t]){e=a;break}}catch(e){}if(a===window.top)break;a=a.parent}e||(!function e(){var n=a.document,p=!!a.frames[t];if(!p)if(n.body){var s=n.createElement("iframe");s.style.cssText="display:none",s.name=t,n.body.appendChild(s)}else setTimeout(e,5);return!p}(),a.__tcfapi=function(){var e,t=arguments;if(!t.length)return n;if("setGdprApplies"===t[0])t.length>3&&2===t[2]&&"boolean"==typeof t[3]&&(e=t[3],"function"==typeof t[2]&&t[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===t[0]){var a={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof t[2]&&t[2](a)}else"init"===t[0]&&"object"==typeof t[3]&&(t[3]=Object.assign(t[3],{tag_version:"V3"})),n.push(t)},a.addEventListener("message",(function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data,n={};try{n=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){}var a=n.__tcfapiCall;a&&window.__tcfapi(a.command,a.version,(function(n,p){var s={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:n,success:p,callId:a.callId}};t&&(s=JSON.stringify(s)),e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(s,"*")}),a.parameter)}),!1))}(),function(){const e=["2:tcfeuv2","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:usca","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"];window.__gpp_addFrame=function(e){if(!window.frames[e])if(document.body){var t=document.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,document.body.appendChild(t)}else window.setTimeout(window.__gpp_addFrame,10,e)},window.__gpp_stub=function(){var t=arguments;if(__gpp.queue=__gpp.queue||[],__gpp.events=__gpp.events||[],!t.length||1==t.length&&"queue"==t[0])return __gpp.queue;if(1==t.length&&"events"==t[0])return __gpp.events;var n=t[0],a=t.length>1?t[1]:null,p=t.length>2?t[2]:null;if("ping"===n)a({gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}},!0);else if("addEventListener"===n){"lastId"in __gpp||(__gpp.lastId=0),__gpp.lastId++;var s=__gpp.lastId;__gpp.events.push({id:s,callback:a,parameter:p}),a({eventName:"listenerRegistered",listenerId:s,data:!0,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else if("removeEventListener"===n){for(var i=!1,o=0;o<__gpp.events.length;o++)if(__gpp.events[o].id==p){__gpp.events.splice(o,1),i=!0;break}a({eventName:"listenerRemoved",listenerId:p,data:i,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else"hasSection"===n?a(!1,!0):"getSection"===n||"getField"===n?a(null,!0):__gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(t))},window.__gpp_msghandler=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data;try{var n=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){n=null}if("object"==typeof n&&null!==n&&"__gppCall"in n){var a=n.__gppCall;window.__gpp(a.command,(function(n,p){var s={__gppReturn:{returnValue:n,success:p,callId:a.callId}};e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(s):s,"*")}),"parameter"in a?a.parameter:null,"version"in a?a.version:"1.1")}},"__gpp"in window&&"function"==typeof window.__gpp||(window.__gpp=window.__gpp_stub,window.addEventListener("message",window.__gpp_msghandler,!1),window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator"))}();var s=function(){var e=arguments;typeof window.__uspapi!==s&&setTimeout((function(){void 0!==window.__uspapi&&window.__uspapi.apply(window.__uspapi,e)}),500)};if(void 0===window.__uspapi){window.__uspapi=s;var i=setInterval((function(){p++,window.__uspapi===s&&p<3?console.warn("USP is not accessible"):clearInterval(i)}),6e3)}}();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<script async>
|
||
(function(w, d, s, l, i) {
|
||
w[l] = w[l] || [];
|
||
w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'});
|
||
var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';
|
||
j.async = true;
|
||
j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
|
||
f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
|
||
})(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-K25QL22');
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date;
|
||
ga('create', 'UA-410289-1', 'auto');
|
||
ga('require', 'linkid', 'linkid.js');
|
||
ga('require', 'GTM-TSD9TZP');
|
||
ga('set', 'siteSpeedSampleRate', 25);
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script async src="https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js"></script>
|
||
<script async>var analytics = {
|
||
'dimension1': 'Java',
|
||
'dimension2': 'article/analysis',
|
||
'dimension3': '2025-11-06',
|
||
'dimension4': '0',
|
||
'dimension5': '',
|
||
'dimension7': 'CPU time, Java virtual machine, garbage collection',
|
||
'dimension8': 'natrajkaushik',
|
||
'dimension9': 'undefined',
|
||
'dimension10': 'Amazon'
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
if (window.ga) {
|
||
Object.keys(analytics).forEach(function(key) {
|
||
window.ga('set', key, analytics[key]);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
window.ga('send', 'pageview');
|
||
}</script>
|
||
|
||
<script src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>
|
||
<script async src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
function loadScript(src) {
|
||
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
|
||
const s = document.createElement('script');
|
||
s.src = src;
|
||
s.onload = resolve;
|
||
s.onerror = reject;
|
||
document.head.appendChild(s);
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function loadStyle(href) {
|
||
const link = document.createElement('link');
|
||
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
|
||
link.href = href;
|
||
document.head.appendChild(link);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function loadScriptsSync(deferred) {
|
||
var p = Promise.resolve();
|
||
for (var i = 0; i < deferred.length; i++) {
|
||
let script = deferred[i];
|
||
p = p.then(function() {
|
||
return loadScript(script);
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
return p;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function loadStyles() {
|
||
const deferred = [
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/lib/codemirror.css',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/comments/styles.css',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/css/froala_editor.pkgd.min.css',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/css/themes/gray.min.css',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/mini-profile.css'
|
||
];
|
||
|
||
for (var i = 0; i < deferred.length; i++) {
|
||
loadStyle(deferred[i]);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
window.addEventListener('load', function(_event) {
|
||
loadStyles();
|
||
|
||
loadScriptsSync([
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/lazysizes.min.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/codeblocks.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/activity-bar.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/js/froala_editor.pkgd.min.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/froala/content.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/comments/content.js',
|
||
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/content.js'
|
||
]);
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|