488 lines
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<title data-rh="true">SLOs Are Overrated - by Team CodeReliant</title>
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<meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="SLOs Are Overrated"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:title" content="SLOs Are Overrated"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="The SRE industry is obsessed with SLOs."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="The SRE industry is obsessed with SLOs."/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:description" content="The SRE industry is obsessed with SLOs."/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SCtC!,w_1200,h_675,c_fill,f_jpg,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce15db86-5e5d-473c-bc9a-117f731125f2_2000x1333.jpeg"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ex3b!,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fcodereliant.substack.com%2Fapi%2Fv1%2Fpost_preview%2F154340107%2Ftwitter.jpg%3Fversion%3D4"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:modified_time" content="2025-04-22T15:42:09.442Z"/>
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href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" class="image-link image2 can-restack"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":null,"width":null,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"Problems with SLO","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}" alt="Problems with SLO" title="Problems with SLO" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high" class="sizing-normal"/></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><span>Photo by </span><a href="https://unsplash.com/@lukechesser?utm_source=ghost&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=api-credit">Luke Chesser</a><span> / </span><a href="https://unsplash.com/?utm_source=ghost&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=api-credit">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>The SRE industry is obsessed with SLOs. We've built an entire subindustry, filled conferences, engineered sophisticated systems, and staffed fully dedicated teams to maintain them.</p><p>SLOs an integral part of Google's Site Reliability Engineering book, which many consider to be the SRE Bible. But just because they are part of Google's methodology doesn't mean they are the best fit for every team or organization.</p><p>The ultimate goal of business and software engineering is delivering value to customers and keeping customers happy, not meeting abstract targets. So let's take a step back and discuss areas where I feel our relationship with SLOs can be improved.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Maintenance Overhead<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§maintenance-overhead" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.codereliant.io/i/154340107/maintenance-overhead" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Defining, measuring, monitoring and maintaining SLOs comes at a cost. Robust SLO implementations require dedicated infrastructure, tooling and processes:</p><ul><li><p>Instrumentation to properly measure and collect SLIs</p></li><li><p>Custom dashboards to display SLO metrics and status.</p></li><li><p>Specialized monitoring software (e.g. to calculate burn rate).</p></li><li><p>Alarm and notification systems to trigger alerts for SLO violations.</p></li><li><p>Oncall training to respond to threshold breaches.</p></li><li><p>Regular analysis to identify trends.</p></li><li><p>Periodic reevaluation of SLO appropriateness and levels.</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>💡 With all the endless SLO "busywork", teams can potentially spend more time maintaining these systems and reacting to SLO violations, rather than actually work on improving reliability or user experience.</p></blockquote><p>If you don't have unlimited resources, consider simplifying the overall approach. Focus on minimal viable SLOs tied to truly critical user journeys. Leverage existing metrics and monitoring where possible (e.g. 4 golden signals). Document SLOs through specs rather than fancy dashboards.</p><p>The goal is improving real user experiences, not creating metrics for their own sake. Prioritize simplicity over comprehensive SLO implementations. Weigh the costs against the benefits. Keep SLOs lightweight, pragmatic and focused on outcomes that matter.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Defining Appropriate SLOs is Challenging<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§defining-appropriate-slos-is-challenging" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.codereliant.io/i/154340107/defining-appropriate-slos-is-challenging" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><blockquote><p>💡 Ultimately, SLOs need to be guided by user empathy and understanding real human and business impact.</p></blockquote><p>Metrics alone can miss the full picture of how systems affect people's lives. In the world of job search for example, when system is not available or degraded thousands of job seekers won't be able to list and apply for jobs. This could have real consequences like missed opportunities, financial hardship, and elevated stress levels. An SLO focused narrowly on uptime or load times would ignore these human costs.</p><p>For SLOs to be meaningful, they need to be set at reasonable and achievable levels. Setting them too high makes them useless, while too low overwhelms teams. Coming up with the "right" objectives requires deep knowledge of systems and user expectations.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Increased Pressure on Teams<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§increased-pressure-on-teams" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.codereliant.io/i/154340107/increased-pressure-on-teams" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>The intense pressure to continually review dashboards and meet numeric targets also imposes strain on engineers and on-call responders. This constant stress increases burnout risk. Similarly, the overhead of frequent tuning cycles steals focus from product work.</p><p>Additionally, SLOs are designed to focus engineering effort towards measurable outcomes. However, this can sometimes incentivize teams to "game" metrics by optimizing for what's quantifiable vs other business goals. For example, a customer support SLO focused on response time could lead to rushed but low-quality responses.</p><blockquote><p>💡 Focus on building a healthy culture first. The rest will follow. Rigorous processes can't compensate for disengaged people.</p></blockquote><p>In the quest to hit SLOs, we can't lose sight of more human considerations like sustainable operational practices and work-life balance. At times it can feel like being a hamster on a wheel, running relentlessly towards targets without true progress.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Complacency Risk<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§complacency-risk" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.codereliant.io/i/154340107/complacency-risk" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Hitting all SLO targets could provide a false sense of security and achievement. Without continuing to raise the bar, teams could stagnate. SLOs focus on minimum acceptable levels, not continuous improvement.</p><p>For example, an e-commerce site could have an SLO of 99% uptime and meet it consistently every month. But that allows for over 7 hours of downtime per month, which could be devastating during peak sales seasons. Simply maintaining 99% uptime stops short of exploring how to minimize outages further. There is no incentive to go beyond the status quo.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Gaming the System<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§gaming-the-system" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.codereliant.io/i/154340107/gaming-the-system" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>SLOs tied to performance reviews or strict mandates could tempt teams to manipulate results or take shortcuts. Examples include only monitoring during off-peak hours, not reporting certain failures, or focusing solely on the measured service at the expense of other system health factors.</p><blockquote><p>💡 Want productive engineers? Don't micromanage with targets. Empower them to do their best work instead.</p></blockquote><h2 class="header-anchor-post">The Overuse of SLOs<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§the-overuse-of-slos" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.codereliant.io/i/154340107/the-overuse-of-slos" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img can-restack"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png" width="1024" height="391" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":391,"width":1024,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"3 SLO Questions","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}" alt="3 SLO Questions" title="3 SLO Questions" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="sizing-normal"/></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A common symptom of SLO overuse is when users start requesting SLOs for minor system components. For example, we had engineering teams asking "Can we get an SLO for a single node availability in the Kubernetes cluster?"</p><p>But do users directly interact with Node X? Will they notice if it has additional latency during maintenance? Likely not. SLOs should focus on end user journeys, not internal components.</p><blockquote><p>💡 Resist the temptation of SLO creep.</p></blockquote><p>Before defining a new SLO, ask yourself:</p><ul><li><p>Is this tied to a critical user flow?</p></li><li><p>Will users perceive failures or degradation here?</p></li><li><p>Do you want an oncall engineer to wake up to investigate a violation?</p></li></ul><p>SLOs are not needed for every system or service. Stay disciplined about applying them only where they offer real user value. Focus SLOs where they can make the biggest difference to customers.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">SLO No-Op<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§slo-no-op" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.codereliant.io/i/154340107/slo-no-op" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Another common anti-pattern is SLOs that are monitored but rarely acted upon. Engineers review dashboards, get alerts when thresholds are crossed, but take little concrete action in response besides writing post-mortems.</p><p>For example, a team may have an SLO requiring 99.95% uptime for a login service. They get paged when the service goes down, document the incident, but don't investigate root cause or take preventative actions. The same outage then happens again the following month due to the same undiscovered bug.</p><p>This "no-op" approach to SLOs generates visibility without accountability. We go through the motions of measuring reliability without doing anything meaningful to improve it.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Closing Thoughts<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§closing-thoughts" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://www.codereliant.io/i/154340107/closing-thoughts" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>In summary, SLOs can provide useful signals when implemented carefully, but also risk becoming burdensome and misleading metrics theater. Stay pragmatic - SLOs are a tool to meet business goals, not goals themselves.</p><p>Note for the organization leaders: keep it human-centric. SLOs should enlighten and empower engineers, not pressure and control them. Keep reflecting on whether your SLO investment pays dividends in better user experiences.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p>Subscribe for free to unlock exclusive content!</p></div><div data-component-name="SubscribeWidget" class="subscribe-widget"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset"><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="first_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="current_url"/><input type="hidden" name="current_referrer"/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="referral_code"/><input type="hidden" name="source" value="subscribe-widget-preamble"/><input type="hidden" name="referring_pub_id"/><input type="hidden" 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Are Overrated\",\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"video_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"everyone\",\"meter_type\":\"none\",\"live_stream_id\":null,\"is_published\":true,\"restacks\":0,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":0},\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"section_pins\":[],\"has_shareable_clips\":false,\"previous_post_slug\":\"5-ways-to-use-ai-to-be-a-better-sre\",\"next_post_slug\":\"achieving-fault-tolerance-strategies-for-building-reliable-systems\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ce15db86-5e5d-473c-bc9a-117f731125f2_2000x1333.jpeg\",\"cover_image_is_square\":false,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":{\"post_id\":154340107,\"podcast_episode_number\":null,\"podcast_season_number\":null,\"podcast_episode_type\":null,\"should_syndicate_to_other_feed\":null,\"syndicate_to_section_id\":null,\"hide_from_feed\":false,\"free_podcast_url\":null,\"free_podcast_duration\":null,\"preview_contains_ad\":false,\"was_imported_self_serve_sync\":false,\"draft_free_podcast_url\":null,\"draft_free_podcast_duration\":null},\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"The SRE industry is obsessed with SLOs.\",\"body_html\":\"<div class=\\\"captioned-image-container\\\"><figure><a class=\\\"image-link image2\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Image2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"image2-inset\\\"><picture><source type=\\\"image/webp\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\"><img src=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":null,"width":null,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"Problems with SLO","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}\\\" class=\\\"sizing-normal\\\" alt=\\\"Problems with SLO\\\" title=\\\"Problems with SLO\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!33yy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3012be14-2a68-4b22-afb6-a42f75f5a10c_2000x1333.jpeg 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\" fetchpriority=\\\"high\\\"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class=\\\"image-caption\\\">Photo by <a href=\\\"https://unsplash.com/@lukechesser?utm_source=ghost&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=api-credit\\\">Luke Chesser</a> / <a href=\\\"https://unsplash.com/?utm_source=ghost&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=api-credit\\\">Unsplash</a></figcaption></figure></div><p>The SRE industry is obsessed with SLOs. We've built an entire subindustry, filled conferences, engineered sophisticated systems, and staffed fully dedicated teams to maintain them.</p><p>SLOs an integral part of Google's Site Reliability Engineering book, which many consider to be the SRE Bible. But just because they are part of Google's methodology doesn't mean they are the best fit for every team or organization.</p><p>The ultimate goal of business and software engineering is delivering value to customers and keeping customers happy, not meeting abstract targets. So let's take a step back and discuss areas where I feel our relationship with SLOs can be improved.</p><h2>Maintenance Overhead</h2><p>Defining, measuring, monitoring and maintaining SLOs comes at a cost. Robust SLO implementations require dedicated infrastructure, tooling and processes:</p><ul><li><p>Instrumentation to properly measure and collect SLIs</p></li><li><p>Custom dashboards to display SLO metrics and status.</p></li><li><p>Specialized monitoring software (e.g. to calculate burn rate).</p></li><li><p>Alarm and notification systems to trigger alerts for SLO violations.</p></li><li><p>Oncall training to respond to threshold breaches.</p></li><li><p>Regular analysis to identify trends.</p></li><li><p>Periodic reevaluation of SLO appropriateness and levels.</p></li></ul><blockquote><p>\uD83D\uDCA1 With all the endless SLO \\\"busywork\\\", teams can potentially spend more time maintaining these systems and reacting to SLO violations, rather than actually work on improving reliability or user experience.</p></blockquote><p>If you don't have unlimited resources, consider simplifying the overall approach. Focus on minimal viable SLOs tied to truly critical user journeys. Leverage existing metrics and monitoring where possible (e.g. 4 golden signals). Document SLOs through specs rather than fancy dashboards.</p><p>The goal is improving real user experiences, not creating metrics for their own sake. Prioritize simplicity over comprehensive SLO implementations. Weigh the costs against the benefits. Keep SLOs lightweight, pragmatic and focused on outcomes that matter.</p><h2>Defining Appropriate SLOs is Challenging</h2><blockquote><p>\uD83D\uDCA1 Ultimately, SLOs need to be guided by user empathy and understanding real human and business impact.</p></blockquote><p>Metrics alone can miss the full picture of how systems affect people's lives. In the world of job search for example, when system is not available or degraded thousands of job seekers won't be able to list and apply for jobs. This could have real consequences like missed opportunities, financial hardship, and elevated stress levels. An SLO focused narrowly on uptime or load times would ignore these human costs.</p><p>For SLOs to be meaningful, they need to be set at reasonable and achievable levels. Setting them too high makes them useless, while too low overwhelms teams. Coming up with the \\\"right\\\" objectives requires deep knowledge of systems and user expectations.</p><h2>Increased Pressure on Teams</h2><p>The intense pressure to continually review dashboards and meet numeric targets also imposes strain on engineers and on-call responders. This constant stress increases burnout risk. Similarly, the overhead of frequent tuning cycles steals focus from product work.</p><p>Additionally, SLOs are designed to focus engineering effort towards measurable outcomes. However, this can sometimes incentivize teams to \\\"game\\\" metrics by optimizing for what's quantifiable vs other business goals. For example, a customer support SLO focused on response time could lead to rushed but low-quality responses.</p><blockquote><p>\uD83D\uDCA1 Focus on building a healthy culture first. The rest will follow. Rigorous processes can't compensate for disengaged people.</p></blockquote><p>In the quest to hit SLOs, we can't lose sight of more human considerations like sustainable operational practices and work-life balance. At times it can feel like being a hamster on a wheel, running relentlessly towards targets without true progress.</p><h2>Complacency Risk</h2><p>Hitting all SLO targets could provide a false sense of security and achievement. Without continuing to raise the bar, teams could stagnate. SLOs focus on minimum acceptable levels, not continuous improvement.</p><p>For example, an e-commerce site could have an SLO of 99% uptime and meet it consistently every month. But that allows for over 7 hours of downtime per month, which could be devastating during peak sales seasons. Simply maintaining 99% uptime stops short of exploring how to minimize outages further. There is no incentive to go beyond the status quo.</p><h2>Gaming the System</h2><p>SLOs tied to performance reviews or strict mandates could tempt teams to manipulate results or take shortcuts. Examples include only monitoring during off-peak hours, not reporting certain failures, or focusing solely on the measured service at the expense of other system health factors.</p><blockquote><p>\uD83D\uDCA1 Want productive engineers? Don't micromanage with targets. Empower them to do their best work instead.</p></blockquote><h2>The Overuse of SLOs</h2><div class=\\\"captioned-image-container\\\"><figure><a class=\\\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Image2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"image2-inset\\\"><picture><source type=\\\"image/webp\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\"><img src=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png\\\" width=\\\"1024\\\" height=\\\"391\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":391,"width":1024,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"3 SLO Questions","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}\\\" class=\\\"sizing-normal\\\" alt=\\\"3 SLO Questions\\\" title=\\\"3 SLO Questions\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!88W5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0aec29bb-2d6e-4a42-83da-154b28bcf938_1024x391.png 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"></picture><div class=\\\"image-link-expand\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset\\\"><button tabindex=\\\"0\\\" type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 20 20\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke-width=\\\"1.5\\\" stroke=\\\"var(--color-fg-primary)\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\"><g><path d=\\\"M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882\\\"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex=\\\"0\\\" type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2\\\"><polyline points=\\\"15 3 21 3 21 9\\\"></polyline><polyline points=\\\"9 21 3 21 3 15\\\"></polyline><line x1=\\\"21\\\" x2=\\\"14\\\" y1=\\\"3\\\" y2=\\\"10\\\"></line><line x1=\\\"3\\\" x2=\\\"10\\\" y1=\\\"21\\\" y2=\\\"14\\\"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A common symptom of SLO overuse is when users start requesting SLOs for minor system components. For example, we had engineering teams asking \\\"Can we get an SLO for a single node availability in the Kubernetes cluster?\\\"</p><p>But do users directly interact with Node X? Will they notice if it has additional latency during maintenance? Likely not. SLOs should focus on end user journeys, not internal components.</p><blockquote><p>\uD83D\uDCA1 Resist the temptation of SLO creep.</p></blockquote><p>Before defining a new SLO, ask yourself:</p><ul><li><p>Is this tied to a critical user flow?</p></li><li><p>Will users perceive failures or degradation here?</p></li><li><p>Do you want an oncall engineer to wake up to investigate a violation?</p></li></ul><p>SLOs are not needed for every system or service. Stay disciplined about applying them only where they offer real user value. Focus SLOs where they can make the biggest difference to customers.</p><h2>SLO No-Op</h2><p>Another common anti-pattern is SLOs that are monitored but rarely acted upon. Engineers review dashboards, get alerts when thresholds are crossed, but take little concrete action in response besides writing post-mortems.</p><p>For example, a team may have an SLO requiring 99.95% uptime for a login service. They get paged when the service goes down, document the incident, but don't investigate root cause or take preventative actions. The same outage then happens again the following month due to the same undiscovered bug.</p><p>This \\\"no-op\\\" approach to SLOs generates visibility without accountability. We go through the motions of measuring reliability without doing anything meaningful to improve it.</p><h2>Closing Thoughts</h2><p>In summary, SLOs can provide useful signals when implemented carefully, but also risk becoming burdensome and misleading metrics theater. Stay pragmatic - SLOs are a tool to meet business goals, not goals themselves.</p><p>Note for the organization leaders: keep it human-centric. SLOs should enlighten and empower engineers, not pressure and control them. Keep reflecting on whether your SLO investment pays dividends in better user experiences.</p><div class=\\\"subscription-widget-wrap-editor\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"url":"https://www.codereliant.io/subscribe?","text":"Subscribe","language":"en"}\\\" data-component-name=\\\"SubscribeWidgetToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"subscription-widget show-subscribe\\\"><div class=\\\"preamble\\\"><p class=\\\"cta-caption\\\">Subscribe for free to unlock exclusive content!</p></div><form class=\\\"subscription-widget-subscribe\\\"><input type=\\\"email\\\" class=\\\"email-input\\\" name=\\\"email\\\" placeholder=\\\"Type your email\u2026\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\"><input type=\\\"submit\\\" class=\\\"button primary\\\" value=\\\"Subscribe\\\"><div class=\\\"fake-input-wrapper\\\"><div class=\\\"fake-input\\\"></div><div class=\\\"fake-button\\\"></div></div></form></div></div>\",\"has_dynamic_content\":false,\"truncated_body_text\":\"The SRE industry is obsessed with SLOs. 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