484 lines
152 KiB
HTML
484 lines
152 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="24usqpep0ejc5w6hod3dulxwciwp0djs6c6ufp96av3t4whuxovj72wfkdjxu82yacb7430qjm8adbd5ezlt4592dq4zrvadcn9j9n-0btgdzpiojfzno16-fnsnu7xd" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://substackcdn.com" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<title data-rh="true">Microservices vs. Monoliths: Why Startups Are Getting "Nano-Services" All Wrong</title>
|
||
|
||
<meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#171717"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Microservices vs. Monoliths: Why Startups Are Getting "Nano-Services" All Wrong"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:title" content="Microservices vs. Monoliths: Why Startups Are Getting "Nano-Services" All Wrong"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="From Monoliths to Microservices: Why Startups Should Avoid Premature Complexity"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="From Monoliths to Microservices: Why Startups Should Avoid Premature Complexity"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:description" content="From Monoliths to Microservices: Why Startups Should Avoid Premature Complexity"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IkRI!,w_1200,h_675,c_fill,f_jpg,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8170db9b-e31b-4879-857f-99ac2eb11457_1024x1024.webp"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7w0W!,f_auto,q_auto:best,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fthiagocaserta.substack.com%2Fapi%2Fv1%2Fpost_preview%2F148622045%2Ftwitter.jpg%3Fversion%3D4"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:modified_time" content="2025-06-14T12:30:33.122Z"/>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<style>
|
||
@layer legacy, pencraftReset, pencraft;
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/main.06a4c4c291d4583811c7.css" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M5knjsS_ul.woff2" crossorigin />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/11100.cee9fbee.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/86118.c25b9f67.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/93519.6640a5b2.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/42118.cba90b72.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/39522.25128f14.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/47358.668d8a3c.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/94881.cb76fe04.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/27386.72f00430.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/76768.f15fc605.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/41932.97d2663c.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/48409.0588981c.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/32552.313415d5.css" />
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/css/27313.92c631cb.css" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0, viewport-fit=cover" />
|
||
<meta name="author" content="Thiago Caserta" />
|
||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PLrD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Ffavicon.ico">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jeQN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Ffavicon-16x16.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HyhZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Ffavicon-32x32.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EbMe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Ffavicon-48x48.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r4kP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-57x57.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sFcN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-60x60.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5eM_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz47!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-76x76.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UkjP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-114x114.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!coAG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-120x120.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!apGe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-144x144.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ppw0!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-152x152.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="167x167" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CNPg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-167x167.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oJHY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-180x180.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="1024x1024" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ewiB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa92189ea-a6dd-437a-b070-04b0769e1225%2Fapple-touch-icon-1024x1024.png">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="/feed" title="Tech Thoughts"/>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<style>
|
||
@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8on7mTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onXmTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onTmTNmnUHowCw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCt-xNNww_2s0amA9M8onrmTNmnUHo.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M9knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M2knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M3knjsS_ulYHs.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCr-xNNww_2s0amA9M5knjsS_ul.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3FafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3OafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3PafaPWnIIMrY.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02AF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20CF,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:'Spectral';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/spectral/v13/rnCs-xNNww_2s0amA9vmtm3BafaPWnII.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+2074,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}
|
||
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<style data-pub-theme-prefix>:root{--color_theme_bg_pop:#ff6719;--background_pop:#ff6719;--color_theme_bg_web:#171717;--cover_bg_color:#171717;--cover_bg_color_secondary:#252525;--background_pop_darken:#ff5600;--print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_darken:#ff5600;--color_theme_print_on_pop:#ffffff;--color_theme_bg_pop_20:rgba(255, 103, 25, 0.2);--color_theme_bg_pop_30:rgba(255, 103, 25, 0.3);--print_pop:#ff6719;--color_theme_accent:#ff6719;--cover_print_primary:#ffffff;--cover_print_secondary:#d9d9d9;--cover_print_tertiary:#d9d9d9;--cover_border_color:#ffffff;--home_hero:newspaper;--home_posts:list;--web_bg_color:#171717;--background_contrast_1:#252525;--background_contrast_2:#363636;--background_contrast_3:#585858;--background_contrast_4:#7a7a7a;--background_contrast_5:#b6b6b6;--color_theme_bg_contrast_1:#252525;--color_theme_bg_contrast_2:#363636;--color_theme_bg_contrast_3:#585858;--color_theme_bg_contrast_4:#7a7a7a;--color_theme_bg_contrast_5:#b6b6b6;--color_theme_bg_elevated:#252525;--color_theme_bg_elevated_secondary:#363636;--color_theme_bg_elevated_tertiary:#585858;--color_theme_detail:#2e2e2e;--background_contrast_pop:rgba(255, 103, 25, 0.4);--color_theme_bg_contrast_pop:rgba(255, 103, 25, 0.4);--theme_bg_is_dark:1;--print_on_web_bg_color:#ffffff;--print_secondary_on_web_bg_color:#a2a2a2;--background_pop_rgb:255, 103, 25;--color_theme_bg_pop_rgb:255, 103, 25;--color_theme_accent_rgb:255, 103, 25;}</style>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/theme/main.06a4c4c291d4583811c7.css" />
|
||
|
||
|
||
<style data-pub-theme-postfix></style>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</head>
|
||
|
||
<body class="">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div id="entry">
|
||
<div id="main" style="--post-preview-border-radius:var(--border-radius-xs);" class="main typography use-theme-bg"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div data-testid="navbar" class="main-menu"><div class="mainMenuContent-DME8DR"><div style="position:relative;height:87px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-paddingLeft-20 pc-paddingRight-20 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset border-bottom-detail-k1F6C4 topBar-pIF0J1"><div style="flex-basis:0px;flex-grow:1;" class="logoContainer-p12gJb"><a href="/" native class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset"><div draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-position-relative pc-reset"><div style="width:40px;height:40px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset bg-white-ZBV5av pc-borderRadius-sm overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4"><picture class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset"><source type="image/webp" sizes="40px" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_40,h_40,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png 40w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_80,h_80,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png 80w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_120,h_120,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png 120w" style="display:none;"/><img style="object-fit:cover;width:40px;height:40px;" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_40,h_40,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_40,h_40,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png 40w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_80,h_80,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png 80w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_120,h_120,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png 120w" sizes="40px" alt="Tech Thoughts" draggable="false" class="pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div></a></div><div style="flex-grow:0;" class="titleContainer-DJYq5v"><h1 class="pencraft pc-reset font-pub-headings-FE5byy reset-IxiVJZ title-oOnUGd titleWithWordmark-GfqxEZ"><a href="/" class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset"><img alt="Tech Thoughts" src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZK7!,e_trim:10:white/e_trim:10:transparent/h_72,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e42d293-5e42-4df3-9d76-ad8511036614_1344x256.png" style="display:block;height:36px;"/></a></h1></div><div style="flex-basis:0px;flex-grow:1;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-flex-end pc-alignItems-center pc-reset buttonsContainerContainer-ThaN_w"><div class="buttonsContainer-SJBuep"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-justifyContent-flex-end pc-alignItems-center pc-reset navbar-buttons"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><span data-state="closed"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Search" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-search"><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle><path d="m21 21-4.3-4.3"></path></svg></button></span><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Share Publication" id="radix-P0-4" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-share"><path d="M4 12v8a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-8"></path><polyline points="16 6 12 2 8 6"></polyline><line x1="12" x2="12" y1="2" y2="15"></line></svg></button></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="noncontributor-cta-button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_primary-RfbeYt size_md-gCDS3o">Subscribe</button><button tabindex="0" data-native="true" type="button" data-href="https://substack.com/sign-in?redirect=%2Fp%2Fmicroservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups&for_pub=thiagocaserta" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_tertiary-rlke8z size_md-gCDS3o">Sign in</button></div></div></div></div></div><div style="height:88px;"></div></div></div><div><script nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","url":"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups","mainEntityOfPage":"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups","headline":"Microservices vs. Monoliths: Why Startups Are Getting \"Nano-Services\" All Wrong","description":"From Monoliths to Microservices: Why Startups Should Avoid Premature Complexity","image":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8170db9b-e31b-4879-857f-99ac2eb11457_1024x1024.webp"}],"datePublished":"2024-09-08T14:30:31+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-08T14:30:31+00:00","isAccessibleForFree":true,"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Thiago Caserta","url":"https://substack.com/@thiagocaserta","description":"Former Microsoft engineer, current startup junkie. I've sold one company, building another, and spend way too much time thinking about tech. My opinions are like my code \u2013 they might have bugs, but they're open source.","identifier":"user:161483090","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","contentUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg","thumbnailUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,w_128,h_128,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg"}}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Tech Thoughts","url":"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com","description":"Bold takes on data, AI, cloud computing, coding, and startups. Straightforward insights on tech trends. Expect controversy, strong opinions, bad jokes, and no sugar-coating.","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","name":"Subscribers","interactionType":"https://schema.org/SubscribeAction","userInteractionCount":100},"identifier":"pub:2986433","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png","contentUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png","thumbnailUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_128,h_128,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png","contentUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png","thumbnailUrl":"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,w_128,h_128,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png"}},"interactionStatistic":[{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/LikeAction","userInteractionCount":12},{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/ShareAction","userInteractionCount":1},{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":0}]}</script><script nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Tech Thoughts","item":"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Microservices vs. Monoliths: Why Startups Are Getting \"Nano-Services\" All Wrong","item":"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups"}]}</script><div aria-label="Post" role="main" class="single-post-container"><div class="container"><div class="single-post"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><article class="typography newsletter-post post"><div role="region" aria-label="Post header" class="post-header"><h1 dir="auto" class="post-title published title-X77sOw">Microservices vs. Monoliths: Why Startups Are Getting "Nano-Services" All Wrong</h1><h3 dir="auto" class="subtitle subtitle-HEEcLo">From Monoliths to Microservices: Why Startups Should Avoid Premature Complexity</h3><div aria-label="Post UFI" role="region" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-alignItems-center pc-reset byline-wrapper"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-gap-8 pc-alignItems-center pc-justifyContent-flex-start pc-reset"><div style="--scale:36px;--offset:9px;--border-width:4.5px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-row pc-alignItems-center pc-justifyContent-flex-start pc-reset ltr-qDBmby"><a href="https://substack.com/@thiagocaserta" aria-label="View Thiago Caserta's profile" class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset"><div style="--scale:36px;" tabindex="0" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-36 pc-height-36 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA animate-XFJxE4 outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 pressable-sm-YIJFKJ showFocus-sk_vEm container-TAtrWj interactive-UkK0V6 avatar-u8q6xB last-JfNEJ_"><div style="--scale:36px;" title="Thiago Caserta" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-36 pc-height-36 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg 1x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,w_72,h_72,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg 2x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,w_108,h_108,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg 3x"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg" alt="Thiago Caserta's avatar" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,w_36,h_36,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg 1x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,w_72,h_72,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg 2x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,w_108,h_108,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg 3x" width="36" height="36" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c object-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div></a></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA"><span style="min-width:0;" data-state="closed"><a href="https://substack.com/@thiagocaserta" class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-hover-underline-ClDVRM reset-IxiVJZ">Thiago Caserta</a></span></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA"><time datetime="2024-09-08T14:30:31.756Z" title="2024-09-08T14:30:31.756Z">Sep 08, 2024</time></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG post-ufi"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="like-button-container post-ufi-button style-button"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Like (12)" aria-pressed="false" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-heart"><path d="M19 14c1.49-1.46 3-3.21 3-5.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 16.5 3c-1.76 0-3 .5-4.5 2-1.5-1.5-2.74-2-4.5-2A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 2 8.5c0 2.3 1.5 4.05 3 5.5l7 7Z"></path></svg></g></svg><div class="label">12</div></button></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="View comments (0)" data-href="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups/comments" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button post-ufi-comment-button no-label with-border"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-message-circle"><path d="M7.9 20A9 9 0 1 0 4 16.1L2 22Z"></path></svg></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" id="radix-P0-27" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg><div class="label">1</div></button></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><div class="label">Share</div></button></div></div></div></div><div class="visibility-check"></div><div><div class="dt-post-body"><div class="available-content"><div dir="auto" class="body markup"><p><span>So, you've launched a startup. You've got the idea, the team, and maybe even a bit of funding. Now comes the fun part: building the product. And like any tech-savvy entrepreneur, you've heard the gospel of microservices—"It's scalable!" "It's future-proof!" "Even </span><em>Google</em><span> and </span><em>Netflix</em><span> use it!"</span></p><p>But here's the thing: you're not Google or Netflix. And jumping into microservices too soon might just be one of the worst decisions you could make as a budding startup. In fact, some startups are taking it so far that they've invented what I like to call "nano-services"—tiny, fragmented services that create complexity where there should be simplicity.</p><p>Let's talk about why this is a problem.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p>Tech Thoughts is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><div data-component-name="SubscribeWidget" class="subscribe-widget"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset"><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="first_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="current_url"/><input type="hidden" name="current_referrer"/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="referral_code"/><input type="hidden" name="source" value="subscribe-widget-preamble"/><input type="hidden" name="referring_pub_id"/><input type="hidden" name="additional_referring_pub_ids"/><input type="hidden" name="source_post_id" value="148622045"/><div class="sideBySideWrap-vGXrwP"><div class="emailInputWrapper-QlA86j"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA"><input name="email" placeholder="Type your email..." type="email" class="pencraft emailInput-OkIMeB input-y4v6N4 inputText-pV_yWb"/></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" disabled class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft rightButton primary subscribe-btn button-VFSdkv buttonBase-GK1x3M"><span class="button-text ">Subscribe</span></button></div><div id="error-container"></div></form></div></div></div></div></div><h2 class="header-anchor-post">The Rise of Microservices—And Why They’re Not for Everyone<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§the-rise-of-microservicesand-why-theyre-not-for-everyone" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/i/148622045/the-rise-of-microservicesand-why-theyre-not-for-everyone" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Before we dive into the nano-service rabbit hole, let's revisit why microservices became the darling of the tech world. In a microservice architecture, your product is broken down into smaller, independent services that communicate over a network (usually via APIs). Each service is responsible for a single function—whether that's user authentication, payment processing, or product search.</p><p><span>Microservices are great for big companies with massive, complex systems. They offer scalability, flexibility, and fault isolation. </span><em>Netflix</em><span>, for example, can update its recommendation engine without disrupting its entire platform because each feature operates independently.</span></p><p>But what about a very early-stage startup? You're probably working with a small team, a limited budget, and—let's be real—just trying to get people to care about your product. In this stage, microservices can introduce overhead and complexity that you don't need.</p><h2 class="header-anchor-post">The Nano-Service Nightmare<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§the-nano-service-nightmare" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/i/148622045/the-nano-service-nightmare" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Here's where it gets tricky: in their quest to follow "best practices," some startups are breaking their product down into so many microservices that the architecture becomes a tangled web of tiny, granular functions—what I call "nano-services."</p><p>Imagine breaking down your system into not just an authentication service, but a separate microservice for each tiny function within that service. One for username verification. One for password validation. One for generating CAPTCHA. Sounds ridiculous, right? That's because it is.</p><p>This leads to several problems:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Excessive Overhead</strong><span>: Suddenly, you're responsible for managing, testing, and deploying dozens of tiny services. Each with its own dependencies, deployment process, and potential points of failure. Startups don't need this level of complexity when they're moving fast and iterating quickly.</span></p></li><li><p><strong>DevOps Chaos</strong><span>: Microservices require a well-oiled DevOps machine. I'm talking about containerization, orchestration, and continuous deployment pipelines that can handle dozens of services simultaneously. Most startups don't have dedicated teams for this. Fun fact: According to a survey from DataDog, 55% of companies using microservices reported that they needed to improve their monitoring and alerting processes just to keep up with the complexity.</span></p></li><li><p><strong>Premature Optimization</strong><span>: One of the most dangerous traps startups fall into is optimizing for scale before they need to. I get it—you want to build a product that can handle millions of users. But in reality, you're probably still figuring out whether anyone even wants to use your product. A study by CB Insights (</span><a href="https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cbi-content/research-reports/The-20-Reasons-Startups-Fail.pdf">CB Insights report)</a><span> found that 42% of startups fail because there's no market need for their product. So instead of focusing on microservices and scalability, your priority should be product-market fit.</span></p></li></ol><h2 class="header-anchor-post">Complexity Over Time<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§complexity-over-time" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/i/148622045/complexity-over-time" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>Here's a simple graph to illustrate the impact of different architectures over time:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM" class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img can-restack"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 1456w" sizes="100vw"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin" width="1456" height="868" data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":868,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"Output image","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}" alt="Output image" title="Output image" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy" class="sizing-normal"/></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Graph Idea</strong><span>:</span></p><ul><li><p><span>X-axis: </span><strong>Startup Stage (Idea, MVP, Scaling, Growth)</strong></p></li><li><p><span>Y-axis: </span><strong>Architecture Complexity (Low, Moderate, High)</strong></p></li></ul><p>When it comes to architecture, complexity is inevitable as your startup grows. The key is knowing when to embrace it. Early on, during the Idea and MVP stages, simplicity is your best friend. A monolithic architecture allows you to iterate quickly, fix bugs easily, and focus on product-market fit without worrying about managing a complex DevOps pipeline.</p><p>As your startup enters the Scaling and Growth stages, complexity becomes necessary—and even beneficial. At this point, your product is validated, you've got a growing user base, and you're adding features at a faster pace. Now is when microservices can shine:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Scalability Becomes Crucial</strong><span>: You can scale specific parts of your system independently.</span></p></li><li><p><strong>Fault Isolation</strong><span>: Failure in one service shouldn't take down the entire product.</span></p></li><li><p><strong>Flexibility for Teams</strong><span>: Different teams can work on different services independently, speeding up development and deployment.</span></p></li></ul><h2 class="header-anchor-post">The Great Debate: My Conversation with John, the Microservices Evangelist<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§the-great-debate-my-conversation-with-john-the-microservices-evangelist" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/i/148622045/the-great-debate-my-conversation-with-john-the-microservices-evangelist" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h2><p>After I posted about this on LinkedIn, I had a great conversation with John*, a software engineer and microservices advocate. He made some excellent points that highlight the nuances of this debate.</p><p>John argued:</p><ol><li><p>Microservices don't inherently mean more services. It's just about how you organize features.</p></li><li><p>Deployment is easier today with platforms like AWS managing services for you.</p></li><li><p>Scalability should be baked in from the start, even in early-stage startups.</p></li></ol><p>My response: While John's points are valid in theory, the reality I'm seeing is different. Startups are taking microservices to extremes, breaking down services into nano-level units. This increases overhead, DevOps complexity, and slows down iteration speed.</p><p>Yes, deployment has gotten easier, but not every early-stage team is equipped to manage a microservice architecture effectively. If your team has the skills, awesome—go for it. But if not, which is the majority of startups out there, start simple and scale as needed.</p><p><span>And on scalability: while it's essential, the focus in the early days should be on product-market fit. Scale comes later. Prematurely optimizing for scale can slow you down when you should be speeding up.</span><br/><br/><span>*Name changed because I can't afford another lawsuit.</span></p><h3 class="header-anchor-post">Start Simple, Scale Later<div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-position-absolute pc-reset header-anchor-parent"><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div id="§start-simple-scale-later" class="pencraft pc-reset header-anchor offset-top"></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Link" data-href="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/i/148622045/start-simple-scale-later" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_sm-G3LciD priority_secondary-S63h9o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-link"><path d="M10 13a5 5 0 0 0 7.54.54l3-3a5 5 0 0 0-7.07-7.07l-1.72 1.71"></path><path d="M14 11a5 5 0 0 0-7.54-.54l-3 3a5 5 0 0 0 7.07 7.07l1.71-1.71"></path></svg></button></div></div></h3><p>Here's my takeaway for startups: Start simple! Build a monolith, validate your product, and iterate quickly. Once you've got traction and users are banging on the door for more features, then consider scaling out to microservices. But don't fall into the nano-service trap, where you create unnecessary complexity and burn time managing overhead instead of building value.</p><div><hr/></div><p><span>That's all folks! What about you? Have you seen this trend in startups? Let me know in the comments, or better yet, hit that "</span><strong>subscribe</strong><span>" button to keep the conversation going.</span><br/><br/><span>Cheers,</span><br/><span>- Thiago</span></p><div><hr/></div><p><em>About the author: Former Microsoft engineer, current startup junkie. I've sold one company, building another, and spend way too much time thinking about tech. My opinions are like my code – they might have bugs, but they're open source.</em><br/></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p>Thanks for reading Tech Thoughts! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Or don't, and miss out on all the fun. Your call, no pressure. (Okay, maybe a little pressure).</p></div><div data-component-name="SubscribeWidget" class="subscribe-widget"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-justifyContent-center pc-reset"><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="first_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="current_url"/><input type="hidden" name="current_referrer"/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="referral_code"/><input type="hidden" name="source" value="subscribe-widget-preamble"/><input type="hidden" name="referring_pub_id"/><input type="hidden" name="additional_referring_pub_ids"/><input type="hidden" name="source_post_id" value="148622045"/><div class="sideBySideWrap-vGXrwP"><div class="emailInputWrapper-QlA86j"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA"><input name="email" placeholder="Type your email..." type="email" class="pencraft emailInput-OkIMeB input-y4v6N4 inputText-pV_yWb"/></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" disabled class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft rightButton primary subscribe-btn button-VFSdkv buttonBase-GK1x3M"><span class="button-text ">Subscribe</span></button></div><div id="error-container"></div></form></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="visibility-check"></div></div><div class="post-footer"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-16 pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG border-top-detail-themed-k9TZAY border-bottom-detail-themed-Ua9186 post-ufi"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><div class="like-button-container post-ufi-button style-button"><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Like (12)" aria-pressed="false" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-heart"><path d="M19 14c1.49-1.46 3-3.21 3-5.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 16.5 3c-1.76 0-3 .5-4.5 2-1.5-1.5-2.74-2-4.5-2A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 2 8.5c0 2.3 1.5 4.05 3 5.5l7 7Z"></path></svg></g></svg><div class="label">12</div></button></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="View comments (0)" data-href="https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups/comments" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button post-ufi-comment-button no-label with-border"><svg aria-hidden="true" style="height:20px;width:20px;" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#000000" stroke-width="2" stroke="#000" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-message-circle"><path d="M7.9 20A9 9 0 1 0 4 16.1L2 22Z"></path></svg></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" id="radix-P0-56" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg><div class="label">1</div></button></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft post-ufi-button style-button has-label with-border"><div class="label">Share</div></button></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-paddingTop-16 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-S63h9o size_md-gCDS3o"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-left"><path d="m12 19-7-7 7-7"></path><path d="M19 12H5"></path></svg>Previous</button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_secondary-S63h9o size_md-gCDS3o">Next<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-arrow-right"><path d="M5 12h14"></path><path d="m12 5 7 7-7 7"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></article></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubTheme-yiXxQA"><div class="visibility-check"></div><div id="discussion" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-16 pc-paddingTop-32 pc-paddingBottom-32 pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-32 pc-reset container"><h4 class="pencraft pc-reset line-height-24-jnGwiv font-display-nhmvtD size-20-P_cSRT weight-bold-DmI9lw reset-IxiVJZ">Discussion about this post</h4><div class="pencraft pc-alignSelf-flex-start pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-position-relative pc-minWidth-0 pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-sm overflow-hidden-WdpwT6"><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div style="outline:none;" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Select discussion type" role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" data-orientation="horizontal" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-padding-4 pc-position-relative pc-reset cursor-default-flE2S1 pc-borderRadius-sm overflow-auto-7WTsTi scrollBar-hidden-HcAIpI"><button tabindex="-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="radix-P0-70-content-comments" data-state="active" id="radix-P0-70-trigger-comments" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item class="pencraft pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA pencraft segment-j4TeZ4 buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_sm-G3LciD">Comments</button><button tabindex="-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="radix-P0-70-content-restacks" data-state="inactive" id="radix-P0-70-trigger-restacks" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item class="pencraft pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA pencraft segment-j4TeZ4 buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_sm-G3LciD">Restacks</button><div class="pencraft pc-position-absolute pc-height-32 pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J pc-borderRadius-xs sizing-border-box-DggLA4 highlight-U002IP"></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset arrowButtonContainer-O4uSiH arrowButtonOverlaidContainer-t10AyH left-Tg8vqp"><div class="overlay-zrMCxn primary-lv_sOW"></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset arrowButtonContainer-O4uSiH arrowButtonOverlaidContainer-t10AyH right-i3oWGi"><div class="overlay-zrMCxn primary-lv_sOW"></div></div></div></div></div><div id="substack-comments" class="single-post-section comments-section"><div class="container"><div class="visibility-check"></div><div data-test-id="comment-input" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><form class="comment-input-form form-CkZ7Kt"><div style="--scale:32px;" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-32 pc-height-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj"><div style="--scale:32px;" title="User" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-width-32 pc-height-32 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-position-relative pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J flex-auto-j3S2WA outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-full overflow-hidden-WdpwT6 sizing-border-box-DggLA4 container-TAtrWj"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnFC!,w_32,h_32,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 1x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnFC!,w_64,h_64,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 2x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnFC!,w_96,h_96,c_fill,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 3x"/><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnFC!,w_32,h_32,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png" alt="User's avatar" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnFC!,w_32,h_32,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 1x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnFC!,w_64,h_64,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 2x, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TnFC!,w_96,h_96,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Fdefault-light.png 3x" width="32" height="32" draggable="false" class="img-OACg1c object-fit-cover-u4ReeV pencraft pc-reset"/></picture></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-gap-8 pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-boxShadow-xs pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl flex-grow-rzmknG border-detail-EGrm7T pc-borderRadius-sm"><textarea name="body" placeholder="Write a comment..." aria-label="Write a comment..." rows="4" class="pencraft input-qHk4bN autogrowing-_ipn9Y textarea-GbEjRX inputText-pV_yWb unstyled-IJLUJU"></textarea></div><div data-state="closed" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset overflow-hidden-WdpwT6"></div></div></form></div></div></div></div><div class="single-post-section"><div class="container"><div class="visibility-check"></div><div style="margin-left:-8px;margin-right:-8px;" aria-label="Top Posts Footer" role="region" class="pencraft pc-paddingTop-24 pc-paddingBottom-24 pc-reset"><div class="portable-archive empty-list"><div aria-label="Archive sort tabs" role="navigation" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-12 pc-paddingLeft-8 pc-paddingRight-8 pc-paddingBottom-16 pc-justifyContent-space-between pc-alignItems-center pc-reset"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-position-relative pc-minWidth-0 pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl outline-detail-vcQLyr pc-borderRadius-sm overflow-hidden-WdpwT6"><div dir="ltr" data-orientation="horizontal" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset flex-grow-rzmknG"><div style="outline:none;" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Tabs" role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" data-orientation="horizontal" class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-4 pc-padding-4 pc-position-relative pc-reset cursor-default-flE2S1 pc-borderRadius-sm overflow-auto-7WTsTi scrollBar-hidden-HcAIpI"><button tabindex="-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="radix-P0-83-content-top" data-state="active" id="radix-P0-83-trigger-top" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item class="pencraft pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA pencraft segment-j4TeZ4 buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_sm-G3LciD">Top</button><button tabindex="-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="radix-P0-83-content-new" data-state="inactive" id="radix-P0-83-trigger-new" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item class="pencraft pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA pencraft segment-j4TeZ4 buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_sm-G3LciD">Latest</button><button tabindex="-1" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="radix-P0-83-content-community" data-state="inactive" id="radix-P0-83-trigger-community" data-orientation="horizontal" data-radix-collection-item class="pencraft pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA pencraft segment-j4TeZ4 buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonText-X0uSmG buttonStyle-r7yGCK priority_quaternary-kpMibu size_sm-G3LciD">Discussions</button><div class="pencraft pc-position-absolute pc-height-32 pc-reset bg-secondary-UUD3_J pc-borderRadius-xs sizing-border-box-DggLA4 highlight-U002IP"></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset arrowButtonContainer-O4uSiH arrowButtonOverlaidContainer-t10AyH left-Tg8vqp"><div class="overlay-zrMCxn primary-lv_sOW"></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-alignItems-center pc-reset arrowButtonContainer-O4uSiH arrowButtonOverlaidContainer-t10AyH right-i3oWGi"><div class="overlay-zrMCxn primary-lv_sOW"></div></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="button" aria-label="Search" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft iconButton-mq_Et5 iconButtonBase-dJGHgN buttonBase-GK1x3M buttonStyle-r7yGCK size_md-gCDS3o priority_tertiary-rlke8z"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-search"><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle><path d="m21 21-4.3-4.3"></path></svg></button></div><div class="portable-archive-list"><p class="portable-archive-empty dt-archive-empty-state">No posts</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="visibility-check"></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-contents pc-reset pubInvertedTheme-U483dz"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-alignItems-center pc-justifyContent-center pc-padding-48 pc-mobile-padding-24 pc-reset bg-primary-zk6FDl container-jsOc9L"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-alignItems-center pc-gap-24 pc-flexWrap-wrap pc-reset content-jLbYeh"><h3 class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT align-center-y7ZD4w line-height-28-s562kJ font-display-nhmvtD size-24-lFU3ly weight-semibold-uqA4FV reset-IxiVJZ">Ready for more?</h3><div class="container-IpPqBD"><form action="/api/v1/free?nojs=true" method="post" novalidate class="form form-M5sC90"><input type="hidden" name="first_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="current_url"/><input type="hidden" name="current_referrer"/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_url" value/><input type="hidden" name="first_session_referrer" value/><input type="hidden" name="referral_code"/><input type="hidden" name="source" value="subscribe_footer"/><input type="hidden" name="referring_pub_id"/><input type="hidden" name="additional_referring_pub_ids"/><div class="sideBySideWrap-vGXrwP"><div class="emailInputWrapper-QlA86j"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-minWidth-0 pc-position-relative pc-reset flex-auto-j3S2WA"><input name="email" placeholder="Type your email..." type="email" class="pencraft emailInput-OkIMeB emailInputOnAccentBackground-TfaCGr input-y4v6N4 inputText-pV_yWb"/></div></div><button tabindex="0" type="submit" disabled class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft rightButton primary subscribe-btn button-VFSdkv buttonOnAccentBackground-vmEt94 buttonBase-GK1x3M"><span class="button-text ">Subscribe</span></button></div><div id="error-container"></div></form></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-flexDirection-column pc-reset container-K5XPov"></div><div class="footer-wrap publication-footer"><div class="visibility-check"></div><div class="footer themed-background"><div class="container"><div class="footer-terms"><span>© 2026 Thiago Caserta</span><span> · </span><a href="https://substack.com/privacy" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-underline-ClTkYc">Privacy</a><span> ∙ </span><a href="https://substack.com/tos" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-underline-ClTkYc">Terms</a><span> ∙ </span><a href="https://substack.com/ccpa#personal-data-collected" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-underline-ClTkYc">Collection notice</a></div><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-justifyContent-center pc-alignItems-center pc-reset footerButtons-ap9Sk7"><a data-native="true" href="https://substack.com/signup?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=web&utm_content=footer" class="footerSubstackCta-v5HWfj"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="1000" height="1000" viewBox="0 0 1000 1000" fill="#ff6719" stroke-width="1.8" stroke="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M764.166 348.371H236.319V419.402H764.166V348.371Z"></path><path d="M236.319 483.752V813.999L500.231 666.512L764.19 813.999V483.752H236.319Z"></path><path d="M764.166 213H236.319V284.019H764.166V213Z"></path></g></svg> Start your Substack</a><a data-native="true" href="https://substack.com/app/app-store-redirect?utm_campaign=app-marketing&utm_content=web-footer-button" class="footerSubstackCta-v5HWfj getTheApp-Yk3w1O noIcon-z7v9D8">Get the app</a></div><div translated class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ footer-slogan-blurb"><a href="https://substack.com" data-native="true">Substack</a> is the home for great culture</div></div></div></div></div><div role="region" aria-label="Notifications (F8)" tabindex="-1" style="pointer-events:none;"><ol tabindex="-1" style="--offset:0px;z-index:1000;" class="viewport-_BM4Bg"></ol></div><div></div><script suppressHydrationWarning nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA">window.__staticRouterHydrationData = JSON.parse("{\"loaderData\":{},\"actionData\":null,\"errors\":null}");</script>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="https://js.sentry-cdn.com/6c2ff3e3828e4017b7faf7b63e24cdf8.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
||
<script nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA">
|
||
window.Sentry && window.Sentry.onLoad(function() {
|
||
window.Sentry.init({
|
||
environment: window._preloads.sentry_environment,
|
||
dsn: window._preloads.sentry_dsn,
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA">window._preloads = JSON.parse("{\"cspNonce\":\"ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA\",\"isEU\":false,\"language\":\"en\",\"country\":\"US\",\"leaderboardCountries\":[\"ES\",\"FR\",\"GB\",\"IT\",\"NL\"],\"enabledLeaderboardCountries\":[\"ES\",\"FR\",\"GB\",\"IT\",\"NL\"],\"userLocale\":{\"language\":\"en\",\"region\":\"US\",\"source\":\"accept-language\"},\"base_url\":\"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com\",\"stripe_publishable_key\":\"pk_live_51QfnARLDSWi1i85FBpvw6YxfQHljOpWXw8IKi5qFWEzvW8HvoD8cqTulR9UWguYbYweLvA16P7LN6WZsGdZKrNkE00uGbFaOE3\",\"captcha_site_key\":\"6LeI15YsAAAAAPXyDcvuVqipba_jEFQCjz1PFQoz\",\"pub\":{\"apple_pay_disabled\":false,\"apex_domain\":null,\"author_id\":161483090,\"byline_images_enabled\":true,\"bylines_enabled\":true,\"chartable_token\":null,\"community_enabled\":true,\"copyright\":\"Thiago Caserta\",\"cover_photo_url\":null,\"created_at\":\"2024-09-07T00:44:39.882Z\",\"custom_domain_optional\":true,\"custom_domain\":null,\"default_comment_sort\":\"best_first\",\"default_coupon\":null,\"default_group_coupon\":null,\"default_show_guest_bios\":true,\"email_banner_url\":null,\"email_from_name\":null,\"email_from\":null,\"embed_tracking_disabled\":false,\"explicit\":false,\"expose_paywall_content_to_search_engines\":true,\"fb_pixel_id\":null,\"fb_site_verification_token\":null,\"flagged_as_spam\":false,\"founding_subscription_benefits\":[],\"free_subscription_benefits\":[\"Occasional public posts\"],\"ga_pixel_id\":null,\"google_site_verification_token\":null,\"google_tag_manager_token\":null,\"hero_image\":null,\"hero_text\":\"Bold takes on data, AI, cloud computing, coding, and startups. Straightforward insights on tech trends. Expect controversy, strong opinions, bad jokes, and no sugar-coating.\",\"hide_intro_subtitle\":null,\"hide_intro_title\":null,\"hide_podcast_feed_link\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"id\":2986433,\"image_thumbnails_always_enabled\":false,\"invite_only\":false,\"hide_podcast_from_pub_listings\":false,\"hide_podcast_from_pub_listings_prior_to\":null,\"language\":\"en\",\"logo_url_wide\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IZK7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5e42d293-5e42-4df3-9d76-ad8511036614_1344x256.png\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ceMc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png\",\"minimum_group_size\":2,\"moderation_enabled\":true,\"name\":\"Tech Thoughts\",\"paid_subscription_benefits\":[\"Subscriber-only posts and full archive\",\"Post comments and join the community\"],\"parsely_pixel_id\":null,\"chartbeat_domain\":null,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"paywall_free_trial_enabled\":true,\"podcast_art_url\":null,\"paid_podcast_episode_art_url\":null,\"podcast_byline\":null,\"podcast_description\":null,\"podcast_enabled\":false,\"podcast_feed_url\":null,\"podcast_title\":null,\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"primary_user_id\":161483090,\"require_clickthrough\":false,\"show_pub_podcast_tab\":false,\"show_recs_on_homepage\":true,\"subdomain\":\"thiagocaserta\",\"subscriber_invites\":0,\"support_email\":null,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#FF6719\",\"theme_var_color_links\":false,\"theme_var_cover_bg_color\":null,\"trial_end_override\":null,\"twitter_pixel_id\":null,\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"post_reaction_faces_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"plans\":[{\"id\":\"monthly5usd\",\"object\":\"plan\",\"active\":true,\"aggregate_usage\":null,\"amount\":500,\"amount_decimal\":\"500\",\"billing_scheme\":\"per_unit\",\"created\":1725729060,\"currency\":\"usd\",\"interval\":\"month\",\"interval_count\":1,\"livemode\":true,\"metadata\":{\"substack\":\"yes\"},\"meter\":null,\"nickname\":\"$5 a month\",\"product\":\"prod_Qo4IjifGgerDmn\",\"tiers_mode\":null,\"transform_usage\":null,\"trial_period_days\":null,\"usage_type\":\"licensed\",\"currency_options\":{\"aud\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"800\"},\"brl\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":2600,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"2600\"},\"cad\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"800\"},\"chf\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"500\"},\"dkk\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":3300,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"3300\"},\"eur\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"500\"},\"gbp\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":400,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"400\"},\"inr\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":48000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"48000\"},\"jpy\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"800\"},\"mxn\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":9000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"9000\"},\"nok\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":4800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"4800\"},\"nzd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":900,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"900\"},\"pln\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":1900,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"1900\"},\"sek\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":4800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"4800\"},\"usd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"500\"}}},{\"id\":\"yearly50usd\",\"object\":\"plan\",\"active\":true,\"aggregate_usage\":null,\"amount\":5000,\"amount_decimal\":\"5000\",\"billing_scheme\":\"per_unit\",\"created\":1725729060,\"currency\":\"usd\",\"interval\":\"year\",\"interval_count\":1,\"livemode\":true,\"metadata\":{\"substack\":\"yes\"},\"meter\":null,\"nickname\":\"$50 a year\",\"product\":\"prod_Qo4IxKFpjbzuCO\",\"tiers_mode\":null,\"transform_usage\":null,\"trial_period_days\":null,\"usage_type\":\"licensed\",\"currency_options\":{\"aud\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":7500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"7500\"},\"brl\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":25500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"25500\"},\"cad\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":7500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"7500\"},\"chf\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":4100,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"4100\"},\"dkk\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":32500,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"32500\"},\"eur\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":4400,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"4400\"},\"gbp\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":3800,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"3800\"},\"inr\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":478000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"478000\"},\"jpy\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":8000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"8000\"},\"mxn\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":87000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"87000\"},\"nok\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":48000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"48000\"},\"nzd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":9000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"9000\"},\"pln\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":19000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"19000\"},\"sek\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":48000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"48000\"},\"usd\":{\"custom_unit_amount\":null,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\",\"unit_amount\":5000,\"unit_amount_decimal\":\"5000\"}}},{\"id\":\"founding10000usd\",\"name\":\"founding10000usd\",\"nickname\":\"founding10000usd\",\"active\":true,\"amount\":10000,\"currency\":\"usd\",\"interval\":\"year\",\"interval_count\":1,\"metadata\":{\"substack\":\"yes\",\"founding\":\"yes\",\"no_coupons\":\"yes\",\"short_description\":\"Founding Member\",\"short_description_english\":\"Founding Member\",\"minimum\":\"5000\",\"minimum_local\":{\"usd\":5000,\"gbp\":3700,\"eur\":4400,\"cad\":7000,\"mxn\":85000,\"aud\":7000,\"brl\":26000,\"sek\":49000,\"chf\":4100,\"dkk\":32500,\"nok\":46500,\"inr\":478000,\"jpy\":8000,\"nzd\":9000,\"pln\":19000}},\"currency_options\":{\"usd\":{\"unit_amount\":10000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"gbp\":{\"unit_amount\":7500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"eur\":{\"unit_amount\":9000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"cad\":{\"unit_amount\":14000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"mxn\":{\"unit_amount\":170000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"aud\":{\"unit_amount\":14000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"brl\":{\"unit_amount\":51500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"sek\":{\"unit_amount\":97500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"chf\":{\"unit_amount\":8500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"dkk\":{\"unit_amount\":64500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"nok\":{\"unit_amount\":93000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"inr\":{\"unit_amount\":956000,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"jpy\":{\"unit_amount\":15500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"nzd\":{\"unit_amount\":17500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"},\"pln\":{\"unit_amount\":37500,\"tax_behavior\":\"unspecified\"}}}],\"stripe_user_id\":\"acct_1PwP7UFHYpgmyNXp\",\"stripe_country\":\"BR\",\"stripe_publishable_key\":\"pk_live_51PwP7UFHYpgmyNXp3lM6TUOZV966mHdRoSNZefYFegmJ32q7jmmxrmO4NzNfaA59LeGT3a1stdLA8i5qfqwBuhuR00qJ4dQvNq\",\"stripe_platform_account\":\"US\",\"automatic_tax_enabled\":false,\"author_name\":\"Thiago Caserta\",\"author_handle\":\"thiagocaserta\",\"author_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg\",\"author_bio\":\"Former Microsoft engineer, current startup junkie. I've sold one company, building another, and spend way too much time thinking about tech. My opinions are like my code \u2013 they might have bugs, but they're open source.\",\"has_custom_tos\":false,\"has_custom_privacy\":false,\"theme\":{\"background_pop_color\":\"#ff6719\",\"web_bg_color\":\"#171717\",\"cover_bg_color\":\"#171717\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"color_links\":null,\"font_preset_heading\":null,\"font_preset_body\":null,\"font_family_headings\":null,\"font_family_body\":null,\"font_family_ui\":null,\"font_size_body_desktop\":null,\"print_secondary\":null,\"custom_css_web\":null,\"custom_css_email\":null,\"home_hero\":\"newspaper\",\"home_posts\":\"list\",\"home_show_top_posts\":false,\"hide_images_from_list\":false,\"home_hero_alignment\":\"left\",\"home_hero_show_podcast_links\":true,\"default_post_header_variant\":null,\"custom_header\":null,\"custom_footer\":null,\"social_media_links\":null,\"font_options\":null,\"section_template\":null,\"custom_subscribe\":null,\"design_template\":null,\"design_template_options\":null},\"threads_v2_settings\":null,\"default_group_coupon_percent_off\":null,\"default_group_coupon_include_founding\":null,\"pause_return_date\":null,\"has_posts\":true,\"has_recommendations\":true,\"first_post_date\":\"2024-09-07T14:07:14.499Z\",\"has_podcast\":false,\"has_free_podcast\":false,\"has_subscriber_only_podcast\":false,\"has_community_content\":true,\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 2 years ago\",\"rankingDetailFreeIncluded\":\"Hundreds of subscribers\",\"rankingDetailOrderOfMagnitude\":0,\"rankingDetailFreeIncludedOrderOfMagnitude\":100,\"rankingDetailFreeSubscriberCount\":null,\"rankingDetailByLanguage\":{\"ar\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"\u062A\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 2 years ago\"},\"ca\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"S\u2019ha llan\u00E7at fa 2 anys\"},\"da\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lancering 2 \u00E5r\"},\"de\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"vor 2 Jahren gelauncht\"},\"es\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanzado hace 2 a\u00F1os\"},\"fr\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanc\u00E9 il y a 2 ann\u00E9es\"},\"id\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Diluncurkan 2 tahun yang lalu\"},\"ja\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"\u958B\u59CB\u65E5 2\u5E74\u524D\"},\"ko\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"2\uB144 \uC804\uC5D0 \uCD9C\uC2DC\"},\"nb\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lansert 2 \u00E5r\"},\"nl\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Gelanceerd 2 jaar geleden\"},\"pl\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Uruchomiono 2 lat temu\"},\"pt\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lan\u00E7ado 2 anos\"},\"pt-br\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lan\u00E7ado 2 anos\"},\"en-gb\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 2 years ago\"},\"it\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanciato 2 anni\"},\"tr\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"2 y\u0131l ba\u015Flat\u0131ld\u0131\"},\"sv\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Lanserad 2 \u00E5r sedan\"},\"fi\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 2 vuotta\"},\"is\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 2 \u00E1r\"},\"zh-hans\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"\u4E8E2 \u5E74\u524D\u4E0A\u7EBF\"},\"zh-hant\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"\u65BC 2 \u5E74\u524D \u63A8\u51FA\"},\"en\":{\"rankingDetail\":\"Launched 2 years ago\"}},\"freeSubscriberCount\":null,\"freeSubscriberCountOrderOfMagnitude\":\"240\",\"author_bestseller_tier\":0,\"author_badge\":null,\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"notes_feed_enabled\":false,\"showIntroModule\":false,\"isPortraitLayout\":false,\"last_chat_post_at\":null,\"primary_profile_name\":\"Thiago Caserta\",\"primary_profile_photo_url\":\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vLEV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg\",\"no_follow\":false,\"sponsorshipCampaigns\":{},\"paywall_chat\":\"free\",\"sections\":[],\"podcastTabInfo\":null,\"multipub_migration\":null,\"navigationBarItems\":[],\"has_active_perks\":false,\"contributors\":[{\"name\":\"Thiago Caserta\",\"handle\":\"thiagocaserta\",\"role\":\"admin\",\"owner\":true,\"user_id\":161483090,\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Former Microsoft engineer, current startup junkie. I've sold one company, building another, and spend way too much time thinking about tech. My opinions are like my code \u2013 they might have bugs, but they're open source.\",\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":null,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":null,\"subscriber\":null}}],\"threads_v2_enabled\":false,\"viralGiftsConfig\":{\"id\":\"18a8a7aa-b235-4527-9933-95cd0fc52be7\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"enabled\":true,\"gifts_per_user\":5,\"gift_length_months\":1,\"send_extra_gifts\":true,\"message\":\"Bold takes on databases, AI, cloud, and coding. Straightforward insights on tech trends. Expect controversy, strong opinions, and no sugar-coating.\",\"created_at\":\"2024-09-07T17:11:04.617371+00:00\",\"updated_at\":\"2024-09-07T17:11:04.617371+00:00\",\"days_til_invite\":14,\"send_emails\":true,\"show_link\":null},\"no_index\":false,\"tier\":2,\"can_set_google_site_verification\":true,\"can_have_sitemap\":true,\"founding_plan_name_english\":\"Founding Member\",\"paid_subscription_benefits_english\":[\"Subscriber-only posts and full archive\",\"Post comments and join the community\"],\"free_subscription_benefits_english\":[\"Occasional public posts\"],\"base_url\":\"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com\",\"hostname\":\"thiagocaserta.substack.com\",\"is_on_substack\":false,\"spotify_podcast_settings\":null,\"unified_podcast_settings\":null,\"podcastPalette\":{\"DarkMuted\":{\"population\":72,\"rgb\":[73,153,137]},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"population\":6013,\"rgb\":[4,100,84]},\"LightMuted\":{\"population\":7,\"rgb\":[142,198,186]},\"LightVibrant\":{\"population\":3,\"rgb\":[166,214,206]},\"Muted\":{\"population\":6,\"rgb\":[92,164,156]},\"Vibrant\":{\"population\":5,\"rgb\":[76,164,146]}},\"pageThemes\":{\"podcast\":null},\"supports_ip_content_unlock\":false,\"appTheme\":{\"colors\":{\"accent\":{\"name\":\"#ff6719\",\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":232,\"g\":83,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":232,\"g\":83,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.3},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":132,\"b\":73,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":132,\"b\":73,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.3}}},\"fg\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.8},\"secondary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":0,\"g\":0,\"b\":0,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":213,\"g\":66,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.9},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.6},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0.4},\"accent\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1}}},\"bg\":{\"name\":\"#ffffff\",\"hue\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"tint\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":0},\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":250,\"g\":250,\"b\":250,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":238,\"g\":238,\"b\":238,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":206.90096477355226,\"g\":206.90096477355175,\"b\":206.9009647735519,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":219,\"g\":219,\"b\":219,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":182,\"g\":182,\"b\":182,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":22,\"g\":23,\"b\":24,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":27,\"g\":28,\"b\":29,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":35,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":41.35899397549579,\"g\":43.405356429195315,\"b\":43.40489285041963,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":55,\"b\":55,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":90,\"g\":91,\"b\":91,\"a\":1}}}}},\"portalAppTheme\":{\"colors\":{\"accent\":{\"name\":\"#ff6719\",\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":86,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.3},\"dark\":{\"name\":\"#ff6719\",\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":86,\"b\":0,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"contrast\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"bg\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.2},\"bg_hover\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":0.3}}},\"fg\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":162,\"g\":162,\"b\":162,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":122,\"g\":122,\"b\":122,\"a\":1},\"accent\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"primary\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":255,\"b\":255,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":162,\"g\":162,\"b\":162,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":122,\"g\":122,\"b\":122,\"a\":1},\"accent\":{\"r\":255,\"g\":103,\"b\":25,\"a\":1}}},\"bg\":{\"name\":\"#171717\",\"hue\":{\"r\":23,\"g\":23,\"b\":23,\"a\":1},\"tint\":{\"r\":23,\"g\":23,\"b\":23,\"a\":1},\"primary\":{\"r\":23,\"g\":23,\"b\":23,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":37,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":37,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":37,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":54,\"b\":54,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":54,\"b\":54,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":88,\"g\":88,\"b\":88,\"a\":1},\"dark\":{\"name\":\"#171717\",\"hue\":{\"r\":23,\"g\":23,\"b\":23,\"a\":1},\"tint\":{\"r\":23,\"g\":23,\"b\":23,\"a\":1},\"primary\":{\"r\":23,\"g\":23,\"b\":23,\"a\":1},\"primary_hover\":{\"r\":37,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"primary_elevated\":{\"r\":37,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary\":{\"r\":37,\"g\":37,\"b\":37,\"a\":1},\"secondary_elevated\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":54,\"b\":54,\"a\":1},\"tertiary\":{\"r\":54,\"g\":54,\"b\":54,\"a\":1},\"quaternary\":{\"r\":88,\"g\":88,\"b\":88,\"a\":1}}},\"wordmark_bg\":{\"r\":23,\"g\":23,\"b\":23,\"a\":1},\"is_dark\":true}},\"logoPalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,100,28],\"population\":5128},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[130.8704347826087,43.239130434782616,1.7295652173913034],\"population\":0},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[252,164,110],\"population\":30},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[151.00434782608698,49.89130434782607,1.9956521739130206],\"population\":0},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[151.00434782608698,49.89130434782607,1.9956521739130206],\"population\":0},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[252,252,252],\"population\":1052}}},\"confirmedLogin\":false,\"hide_intro_popup\":false,\"block_auto_login\":false,\"domainInfo\":{\"isSubstack\":true,\"customDomain\":null},\"experimentFeatures\":{},\"experimentExposures\":{},\"siteConfigs\":{\"score_upsell_email\":\"control\",\"first_chat_email_enabled\":true,\"new_commenter_approval\":false,\"pub_update_opennode_api_key\":false,\"notes_video_max_duration_minutes\":15,\"show_content_label_age_gating_in_feed\":false,\"zendesk_automation_cancellations\":false,\"mfa_action_box_enabled\":false,\"publication_max_bylines\":35,\"no_contest_charge_disputes\":false,\"scheduled_post_share_assets_enabled\":false,\"publication_tabs_reorder\":false,\"comp_expiry_email_new_copy\":\"NONE\",\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"enable_section_group_pages\":false,\"enable_post_summarization\":false,\"live_stream_host_warning_message\":\"\",\"bitcoin_enabled\":false,\"minimum_ios_os_version\":\"17.0.0\",\"show_entire_square_image\":false,\"hide_subscriber_count\":false,\"fit_in_live_stream_player\":false,\"publication_author_display_override\":\"\",\"enable_saved_segments\":true,\"generate_pdf_tax_report\":false,\"hide_post_sidebar\":false,\"show_generic_post_importer\":false,\"enable_pledges_modal\":true,\"community_automod_non_english_enabled\":true,\"audio_clips_enabled\":false,\"enable_videos_page\":false,\"exempt_from_gtm_filter\":false,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu\":false,\"boost_optin_modal_enabled\":true,\"standards_and_enforcement_features_enabled\":false,\"pub_creation_captcha_behavior\":\"risky_pubs_or_rate_limit\",\"post_blogspot_importer\":false,\"enable_high_res_background_uploading\":false,\"pub_tts_override\":\"default\",\"disable_monthly_subscriptions\":false,\"skip_welcome_email\":false,\"chat_reader_thread_notification_default\":false,\"scheduled_pinned_posts\":false,\"disable_redirect_outbound_utm_params\":false,\"reader_gift_referrals_enabled\":true,\"dont_show_guest_byline\":false,\"like_comments_enabled\":true,\"enable_theme_editor_deferred_saves\":false,\"enable_sponsorship_campaigns_advanced\":false,\"temporal_livestream_ended_draft\":true,\"enable_pangram_ai_detection\":true,\"fallback_to_archive_search_on_section_pages\":false,\"livekit_track_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder-participant-test.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"welcome_screen_blurb_override\":\"\",\"like_posts_enabled\":true,\"twitter_player_card_enabled\":true,\"feed_promoted_user\":false,\"show_note_stats_for_all_notes\":false,\"section_specific_csv_imports_enabled\":false,\"disable_podcast_feed_description_cta\":false,\"bypass_profile_substack_logo_detection\":false,\"use_preloaded_player_sources\":false,\"list_pruning_enabled\":false,\"facebook_connect\":false,\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe\":false,\"underlined_colored_links\":false,\"enable_efficient_digest_embed\":false,\"enable_aligned_images\":false,\"max_image_upload_mb\":64,\"threads_suggested_ios_version\":null,\"pledges_disabled\":false,\"threads_minimum_ios_version\":812,\"hide_podcast_email_setup_link\":false,\"subscribe_captcha_behavior\":\"default\",\"publication_ban_sample_rate\":0,\"custom_themes_substack_subscribe_modal\":false,\"ios_post_share_assets_screenshot_trigger\":\"control\",\"opt_in_to_sections_during_subscribe_include_main_pub_newsletter\":false,\"continue_support_cta_in_newsletter_emails\":false,\"bloomberg_syndication_enabled\":false,\"allow_document_freeze\":false,\"test_age_gate_user\":false,\"podcast_main_feed_is_firehose\":false,\"pub_app_incentive_gift\":\"\",\"no_embed_redirect\":false,\"customized_email_from_name_for_new_follow_emails\":\"treatment\",\"spotify_open_access_sandbox_mode\":false,\"disable_custom_nav_menu\":false,\"enable_livestream_name_cards\":false,\"fullstory_enabled\":false,\"chat_reply_poll_interval\":3,\"thefp_enable_email_upsell_banner\":false,\"force_pub_links_to_use_subdomain\":false,\"always_show_cookie_banner\":false,\"hide_media_download_option\":false,\"hide_post_restacks\":false,\"feed_item_source_debug_mode\":false,\"twitter_embed_video_playback_enabled\":false,\"publication_homepage_title_display_override\":\"\",\"enable_email_automation_stats\":false,\"post_preview_highlight_byline\":false,\"4k_video\":false,\"enable_islands_section_intent_screen\":false,\"post_metering_enabled\":false,\"notifications_disabled\":\"\",\"cross_post_notification_threshold\":1000,\"facebook_connect_prod_app\":true,\"force_into_pymk_ranking\":false,\"minimum_android_version\":756,\"group_size_change_notification_email_enabled\":false,\"enable_transcription_translations\":false,\"use_og_image_as_twitter_image_for_post_previews\":false,\"always_use_podcast_channel_art_as_episode_art_in_rss\":false,\"seo_tier_override\":\"NONE\",\"editor_role_enabled\":false,\"no_follow_links\":false,\"publisher_api_enabled\":false,\"zendesk_support_priority\":\"default\",\"enable_post_clips_stats\":false,\"enable_subscriber_referrals_awards\":true,\"ios_profile_themes_feed_permalink_enabled\":false,\"reader_survey_during_subscribe_enabled\":true,\"use_publication_language_for_transcription\":false,\"show_substack_funded_gifts_tooltip\":true,\"disable_ai_transcription\":false,\"per_pub_notification_settings\":false,\"live_stream_creation_enabled\":true,\"disable_card_element_in_europe\":false,\"web_growth_item_promotion_threshold\":0,\"bundle_subscribe_enabled\":false,\"web_vitals_sample_rate\":0,\"allow_live_stream_auto_takedown\":\"true\",\"mobile_publication_attachments_enabled\":false,\"enable_design_templates_events_page\":false,\"enable_survey_response_crm_filters\":false,\"disable_personal_substack_initialization\":false,\"section_specific_welcome_pages\":false,\"local_payment_methods\":\"control\",\"publisher_api_cancel_comp\":false,\"posts_in_rss_feed\":20,\"publisher_dashboard_section_selector\":false,\"reader_surveys_platform_question_order\":\"36,1,4,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35\",\"login_guard_app_link_in_email\":true,\"community_moderators_enabled\":false,\"enable_custom_theme\":false,\"monthly_sub_is_one_off\":false,\"unread_notes_activity_digest\":\"control\",\"display_cookie_settings\":false,\"welcome_page_query_params\":false,\"enable_free_podcast_urls\":false,\"comp_expiry_emails_disabled\":false,\"enable_description_on_polls\":false,\"use_microlink_for_instagram_embeds\":false,\"free_signup_confirmation_behavior\":\"with_email_validation\",\"ios_post_stats_for_admins\":false,\"enable_design_templates\":false,\"use_livestream_post_media_composition\":true,\"section_specific_preambles\":false,\"pub_export_temp_disable\":false,\"show_menu_on_posts\":false,\"ios_post_subscribe_web_routing\":true,\"enable_pangram_detection_settings\":false,\"freewalls_enabled_web\":false,\"app_onboarding_survey_email\":false,\"republishing_enabled\":false,\"app_mode\":false,\"show_phone_banner\":false,\"minimum_ios_version\":2200,\"enable_author_pages\":false,\"enable_decagon_chat\":true,\"first_month_upsell\":\"control\",\"new_user_checklist_enabled\":\"use_follower_count\",\"disable_high_res_recording\":false,\"latex_upgraded_inline\":false,\"anonymous_post_metering_enabled\":false,\"rss_verification_code\":\"\",\"notification_post_emails\":\"experiment\",\"chat_suppress_contributor_push_option_enabled\":false,\"enable_subscriber_tags\":true,\"media_feed_app_prepend_inbox_limit\":0,\"export_hooks_enabled\":false,\"audio_encoding_bitrate\":null,\"extra_seats_coupon_type\":false,\"post_subdomain_universal_links\":false,\"post_import_max_file_size\":26214400,\"feed_promoted_video_publication\":false,\"livekit_reconnect_slate_url\":\"https://mux-livestream-assets.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/custom-disconnect-slate-tall.png\",\"exclude_from_pymk_suggestions\":false,\"publication_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"disable_annual_subscriptions\":false,\"hack_jane_manchun_wong\":true,\"android_enable_auto_gain_control\":true,\"allow_coupons_on_upgrade\":false,\"test_au_age_gate_user\":false,\"pub_auto_moderation_enabled\":false,\"disable_live_stream_ai_trimming_by_default\":false,\"disable_deletion\":false,\"livekit_egress_custom_base_url\":\"http://livekit-egress-custom-recorder.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com\",\"clip_focused_video_upload_flow\":false,\"live_stream_max_guest_users\":2,\"android_upgrade_alert_dialog_reincarnated\":true,\"enable_video_seo_data\":false,\"can_reimport_unsubscribed_users_with_2x_optin\":false,\"founding_upgrade_during_gift_disabled\":false,\"thefp_enable_section_groups\":false,\"review_incoming_email\":\"default\",\"enable_founding_gifts\":false,\"enable_sponsorship_campaigns\":false,\"thefp_forum_polls_enabled\":false,\"thefp_enable_embed_media_links\":false,\"sort_modal_search_results\":false,\"default_thumbnail_time\":10,\"load_test_unichat\":false,\"live_stream_head_alignment_guide\":false,\"free_press_combo_subscribe_flow_enabled\":false,\"enable_code_embed_toc\":false,\"enable_publication_tax_settings\":false,\"gifts_from_substack_feature_available\":true,\"disable_ai_clips\":false,\"enable_elevenlabs_voiceovers\":false,\"thefp_enable_transcripts\":false,\"show_simple_post_editor\":false,\"instacart_integration_enabled\":false,\"enable_publication_podcasts_page\":false,\"enable_direct_message_request_bypass\":false,\"enable_apple_news_sync\":false,\"live_stream_in_trending_topic_overrides\":\"\",\"free_press_newsletter_promo_enabled\":false,\"account_based_post_metering_enabled\":false,\"disable_live_stream_reactions\":false,\"instacart_partner_id\":\"\",\"enable_adhoc_email_scheduling\":true,\"media_feed_prepend_inbox_limit\":35,\"welcome_page_no_opt_out\":false,\"enable_caption_translation_tools\":false,\"section_specific_postscripts\":false,\"edit_profile_theme_colors\":false,\"disable_clipping_for_readers\":false,\"enable_apple_podcast_delivery_self_serve_pem_files\":false,\"enable_press_kit_preview_modal\":false,\"enable_rnc_page\":true,\"live_stream_video_degradation_preference\":\"maintainFramerate\",\"enable_high_follower_dm\":true,\"pause_app_badges\":false,\"profile_feed_expanded_inventory\":false,\"livekit_mux_latency_mode\":\"low\",\"feed_juiced_user\":0,\"global_iap_plan_setup_countries\":\"AE,AG,AL,AM,AT,AU,BA,BG,BH,BJ,BN,BS,BT,BW,CH,CI,CR,CY,CZ,DK,DZ,EC,EE,ET,FI,GM,GT,GY,HK,HR,HU,ID,IL,IN,IS,JM,JO,KE,KW,LC,LI,LK,LT,LU,LV,MA,MD,MG,MK,MN,MT,MU,MX,MY,MZ,NA,NO,NZ,OM,PA,PE,PH,PK,QA,RO,RS,RW,SE,SG,SI,SK,SN,SV,TH,TN,TR,TT,TW,TZ,UZ,VN,ZA\",\"enable_collapsed_content\":false,\"enable_polymarket_expandable_embeds\":true,\"publisher_dashboard_group_subs_sidebar\":false,\"use_advanced_commerce_api_for_iap\":false,\"skip_free_preview_language_in_podcast_notes\":false,\"larger_wordmark_on_publication_homepage\":false,\"enable_mobile_stats_for_admins\":false,\"enable_livestream_youtube_simulcast\":false,\"enable_persona_sandbox_environment\":false,\"allowed_email_domains\":\"mozmail.com\",\"create_nav_item_from_tag\":false,\"bypass_single_unlock_token_limit\":false,\"enable_code_embeds\":false,\"add_section_and_tag_metadata\":false,\"daily_promoted_notes_enabled\":true,\"enable_segments_ui_revamp\":true,\"enable_islands_cms\":false,\"enable_livestream_combined_stats\":false,\"redirect_to_pub_after_welcome_signup\":false,\"chartbeat_video_enabled\":false,\"enable_drip_campaigns\":false,\"enable_filtered_posts_on_homepage\":false,\"post_management_search_engine\":\"elasticsearch\",\"new_bestseller_leaderboard_feed_item_enabled\":false,\"feed_main_disabled\":false,\"enable_account_settings_revamp\":false,\"thefp_enable_fp_recirc_block\":false,\"top_search_variant\":\"control\",\"enable_debug_logs_ios\":false,\"show_pub_content_on_profile_for_pub_id\":0,\"show_pub_content_on_profile\":false,\"livekit_track_egress\":true,\"onboarding_suggestions_search\":\"experiment\",\"feed_tuner_enabled\":false,\"livekit_mux_latency_mode_rtmp\":\"low\",\"google_login_enabled\":false,\"livekit_high_quality_egress\":false,\"iap_announcement_blog_url\":\"\",\"disable_code_embed_chrome\":false,\"ios_livestream_feedback\":false,\"founding_plan_upgrade_warning\":false,\"ios_mediaplayer_reply_bar_v2\":false,\"enable_notification_email_batching\":true,\"note_author_poll_results_visible_by_default\":true,\"ios_hide_portal_tab_bar\":false,\"follow_upsell_rollout_percentage\":30,\"gift_article_enabled\":false,\"live_stream_invite_ttl_seconds\":900000,\"include_founding_plans_coupon_option\":false,\"thefp_enable_cancellation_discount_offer\":false,\"android_enable_edit_profile_theme\":false,\"disable_audio_enhancement\":false,\"pub_search_variant\":\"control\",\"ignore_video_in_notes_length_limit\":false,\"substack_gtm_enabled\":false,\"allow_long_videos\":true,\"enable_automation_filters\":false,\"use_enhanced_video_embed_player\":true,\"founding_upgrade_preview\":false,\"enable_viewing_all_livestream_viewers\":false,\"send_subscription_canceled_email\":false,\"enable_clip_prompt_variant_filtering\":true,\"chartbeat_enabled\":false,\"dpn_ranking_enabled\":true,\"enable_custom_email_css\":false,\"thefp_enable_shows_page\":false,\"enable_apple_podcast_auto_publish\":false,\"linkedin_profile_search_enabled\":false,\"publication_has_own_app\":false,\"suggested_minimum_ios_version\":0,\"thebulwark_enable_footer_actions\":false,\"enable_posts_to_segments\":true,\"trending_topics_module_long_term_experiment\":\"control\",\"phone_verification_fallback_to_twilio\":false,\"enable_suggested_searches\":true,\"enable_subscription_notification_email_batching\":true,\"feed_controls\":\"control\",\"thefp_enable_plans_modal_v2\":false,\"a24_redemption_link\":\"\",\"design_templates_launch_phase\":\"off\",\"post_custom_email_from_name_enabled\":false,\"ios_live_stream_auto_gain_enabled\":true,\"enable_publication_tts_player\":false,\"enable_group_direct_messages\":true,\"enable_notes_admins\":false,\"thefp_show_pub_app_callout_on_post\":false,\"search_ranker_variant\":\"experiment\",\"forced_featured_topic_id\":\"\",\"ios_audio_captions_disabled\":false,\"web_podcasts_tab\":false,\"related_posts_enabled\":false,\"thefp_enable_homepage_secondary_nav\":false,\"ios_live_stream_pip_dismiss_v4\":\"control\",\"reply_rate_limit_max_distinct_users_daily\":110,\"web_post_metering_enabled\":true,\"search_retrieval_variant\":\"experiment\",\"mobile_user_attachments_enabled\":false,\"web_profile_publication_recommendations_carousel\":true,\"publisher_banner\":\"\",\"enable_sponsorship_profile\":false,\"gift_article_button_enabled\":false,\"reply_rate_limit_max_distinct_users_monthly\":600,\"desktop_live_stream_screen_share_audio_enabled\":false,\"creator_match\":true,\"ai_image_generation_enabled\":true,\"ios_default_coupon_enabled\":true,\"automod_admin_hidden_comments_tab\":true,\"video_clip_suggestions_enabled\":false,\"publisher_dashboard_home_layout_experiment\":\"control\",\"android_polymarket_embed_search\":false,\"audience_section_editor_help_link\":\"https://support.substack.com/hc/en-us/articles/50558240901268-How-do-I-add-audience-specific-content-to-a-post-on-Substack\",\"portal_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"permalink_reply_ranking_variant\":\"experiment\",\"allow_feed_category_filtering\":false,\"enable_dynamic_content\":true,\"enable_thumbnail_editor_media_settings_integration\":false,\"subscriber_profile_survey_responses_enabled\":true,\"private_live_streaming_enabled\":true,\"desktop_live_stream_safe_framing\":0.8,\"translate_posts_on_standalone_sites\":true,\"bundle_subscribe_default_to_regular_plan\":false,\"enable_standardized_sponsorship_formats\":false,\"enable_pencraft_signin_form\":true,\"thefp_enable_secondary_section_redesign\":false,\"bignight_page_enabled\":true,\"thefp_paywall_annual_plans_experiment\":\"control\",\"enable_launch_assistant\":false,\"enable_youtube_exploration\":true,\"publisher_dashboard_nav_refresh\":false,\"thefp_enable_bundle_post_follow\":false,\"web_notes_tiptap_v3_experiment\":\"treatment_tiptap_v3\",\"recipe_rich_text_enabled\":true,\"publisher_dashboard_nav_refresh_experiment\":\"treatment\",\"chat_channel_creation_enabled\":false,\"web_onboarding_content_type_preferences\":\"experiment\",\"web_mobile_asset_handoff\":false},\"trackingTokens\":{\"fbPixelId\":null,\"gaPixelId\":null,\"twitterPixelId\":null,\"parselyPixelId\":null,\"googleTagManagerToken\":null,\"googleAnalytics4Token\":null,\"twitterPixelSignupEventId\":null,\"twitterPixelSubscribeEventId\":null},\"publicationSettings\":{\"block_ai_crawlers\":false,\"credit_token_enabled\":true,\"custom_tos_and_privacy\":false,\"did_identity\":null,\"disable_optimistic_bank_payments\":false,\"display_welcome_page_details\":true,\"payment_pledges_enabled\":true,\"enable_drop_caps\":false,\"enable_post_page_conversion\":true,\"enable_prev_next_nav\":true,\"enable_restacking\":true,\"founding_group_subscriptions_enabled\":false,\"gifts_from_substack_disabled\":false,\"google_analytics_4_token\":null,\"group_sections_and_podcasts_in_menu_enabled\":false,\"live_stream_homepage_visibility\":\"contributorsAndAdmins\",\"live_stream_homepage_style\":\"autoPlay\",\"live_stream_replay_enabled\":true,\"medium_length_description\":\"\",\"notes_feed_enabled\":false,\"paywall_unlock_tokens\":true,\"post_preview_crop_gravity\":\"auto\",\"post_preview_radius\":\"xs\",\"reader_referrals_enabled\":true,\"reader_referrals_leaderboard_enabled\":true,\"seen_coming_soon_explainer\":false,\"seen_google_analytics_migration_modal\":false,\"local_currency_modal_seen\":true,\"local_payment_methods_modal_seen\":false,\"twitter_pixel_signup_event_id\":null,\"twitter_pixel_subscribe_event_id\":null,\"use_inclusive_sales_tax\":false,\"use_local_currency\":true,\"welcome_page_opt_out_text\":\"No thanks\",\"cookie_settings\":\"\",\"show_restacks_below_posts\":true,\"holiday_gifting_post_header\":true,\"homepage_message_text\":\"\",\"homepage_message_link\":\"\",\"about_us_author_ids\":\"\",\"archived_section_ids\":\"\",\"column_section_ids\":\"\",\"fp_primary_column_section_ids\":\"\",\"event_section_ids\":\"\",\"podcasts_metadata\":\"\",\"video_section_ids\":\"\",\"post_metering_enabled\":false,\"account_based_post_metering_enabled\":false,\"use_custom_theme\":false,\"reply_rules\":null,\"automatic_moderation_enabled\":true,\"auto_translate_enabled\":true,\"additional_post_languages_enabled\":false,\"high_res_recording_beta\":false},\"publicationUserSettings\":null,\"userSettings\":{\"user_id\":null,\"activity_likes_enabled\":true,\"dashboard_nav_refresh_enabled\":false,\"is_guest_post_enabled\":true,\"invite_friends_nux_dismissed_at\":null,\"suggestions_feed_item_last_shown_at\":null,\"last_notification_alert_shown_at\":null,\"disable_reply_hiding\":false,\"newest_seen_chat_item_published_at\":null,\"explicitContentEnabled\":false,\"contactMatchingEnabled\":false,\"messageRequestLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableInviteLevel\":\"everyone\",\"liveStreamAcceptableChatLevel\":\"everyone\",\"creditTokensTreatmentExposed\":false,\"appBadgeIncludesChat\":false,\"autoPlayVideo\":true,\"autoAdvanceVideo\":true,\"smart_delivery_enabled\":false,\"chatbotTermsLastAcceptedAt\":null,\"has_seen_notes_post_app_upsell\":false,\"first_note_id\":null,\"show_concurrent_live_stream_viewers\":false,\"edit_profile_feed_item_dismissed_at\":null,\"mobile_permalink_app_upsell_seen_at\":null,\"new_user_checklist_enabled\":false,\"has_seen_youtube_shorts_auto_publish_announcement\":false,\"has_seen_publish_youtube_connect_upsell\":false,\"notificationQualityFilterEnabled\":true,\"hasSeenOnboardingNewslettersScreen\":false,\"bestsellerBadgeEnabled\":true,\"hasSelfIdentifiedAsCreator\":false,\"autoTranslateEnabled\":true,\"autoTranslateBlocklist\":[],\"fineTuneFeedItemSeenAt\":null,\"fineTuneFeedItemDismissedAt\":null,\"aiGeneratedTextMode\":\"show\",\"feedVideoPreference\":5,\"feedAudioPreference\":5,\"feedLongerPostsPreference\":5,\"feedChatPreference\":5},\"mux_env_key\":\"u42pci814i6011qg3segrcpp9\",\"persona_environment_id\":\"env_o1Lbk4JhpY4PmvNkwaBdYwe5Fzkt\",\"sentry_environment\":\"production\",\"launchWelcomePage\":false,\"pendingInviteForActiveLiveStream\":null,\"isEligibleForLiveStreamCreation\":true,\"webviewPlatform\":null,\"noIndex\":false,\"post\":{\"audience\":\"everyone\",\"audience_before_archived\":null,\"canonical_url\":\"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups\",\"default_comment_sort\":null,\"editor_v2\":false,\"exempt_from_archive_paywall\":false,\"free_unlock_required\":false,\"id\":148622045,\"podcast_art_url\":null,\"podcast_duration\":null,\"podcast_preview_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_upload_id\":null,\"podcast_url\":null,\"post_date\":\"2024-09-08T14:30:31.756Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2025-06-14T12:30:33.122Z\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"search_engine_description\":null,\"search_engine_title\":null,\"section_id\":null,\"should_send_free_preview\":false,\"show_guest_bios\":true,\"slug\":\"microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups\",\"social_title\":null,\"subtitle\":\"From Monoliths to Microservices: Why Startups Should Avoid Premature Complexity\",\"teaser_post_eligible\":true,\"title\":\"Microservices vs. Monoliths: Why Startups Are Getting \\\"Nano-Services\\\" All Wrong\",\"type\":\"newsletter\",\"video_upload_id\":null,\"write_comment_permissions\":\"only_paid\",\"meter_type\":\"none\",\"live_stream_id\":null,\"is_published\":true,\"restacks\":1,\"reactions\":{\"\u2764\":12},\"top_exclusions\":[],\"pins\":[],\"section_pins\":[],\"has_shareable_clips\":false,\"previous_post_slug\":\"welcome-to-tech-thoughtshold-onto\",\"next_post_slug\":\"code-for-cash-the-2024-global-developer\",\"cover_image\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8170db9b-e31b-4879-857f-99ac2eb11457_1024x1024.webp\",\"cover_image_is_square\":true,\"cover_image_is_explicit\":false,\"videoUpload\":null,\"podcastFields\":{\"post_id\":148622045,\"podcast_episode_number\":null,\"podcast_season_number\":null,\"podcast_episode_type\":null,\"should_syndicate_to_other_feed\":null,\"syndicate_to_section_id\":null,\"hide_from_feed\":false,\"free_podcast_url\":null,\"free_podcast_duration\":null,\"preview_contains_ad\":false,\"was_imported_self_serve_sync\":false,\"draft_free_podcast_url\":null,\"draft_free_podcast_duration\":null},\"podcastUpload\":null,\"podcastPreviewUpload\":null,\"voiceover_upload_id\":null,\"voiceoverUpload\":null,\"has_voiceover\":false,\"description\":\"From Monoliths to Microservices: Why Startups Should Avoid Premature Complexity\",\"body_html\":\"<p>So, you've launched a startup. You've got the idea, the team, and maybe even a bit of funding. Now comes the fun part: building the product. And like any tech-savvy entrepreneur, you've heard the gospel of microservices\u2014\\\"It's scalable!\\\" \\\"It's future-proof!\\\" \\\"Even <em>Google</em> and <em>Netflix</em> use it!\\\"</p><p>But here's the thing: you're not Google or Netflix. And jumping into microservices too soon might just be one of the worst decisions you could make as a budding startup. In fact, some startups are taking it so far that they've invented what I like to call \\\"nano-services\\\"\u2014tiny, fragmented services that create complexity where there should be simplicity.</p><p>Let's talk about why this is a problem.</p><div class=\\\"subscription-widget-wrap-editor\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"url":"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/subscribe?","text":"Subscribe","language":"en"}\\\" data-component-name=\\\"SubscribeWidgetToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"subscription-widget show-subscribe\\\"><div class=\\\"preamble\\\"><p class=\\\"cta-caption\\\">Tech Thoughts is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class=\\\"subscription-widget-subscribe\\\"><input type=\\\"email\\\" class=\\\"email-input\\\" name=\\\"email\\\" placeholder=\\\"Type your email\u2026\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\"><input type=\\\"submit\\\" class=\\\"button primary\\\" value=\\\"Subscribe\\\"><div class=\\\"fake-input-wrapper\\\"><div class=\\\"fake-input\\\"></div><div class=\\\"fake-button\\\"></div></div></form></div></div><h2>The Rise of Microservices\u2014And Why They\u2019re Not for Everyone</h2><p>Before we dive into the nano-service rabbit hole, let's revisit why microservices became the darling of the tech world. In a microservice architecture, your product is broken down into smaller, independent services that communicate over a network (usually via APIs). Each service is responsible for a single function\u2014whether that's user authentication, payment processing, or product search.</p><p>Microservices are great for big companies with massive, complex systems. They offer scalability, flexibility, and fault isolation. <em>Netflix</em>, for example, can update its recommendation engine without disrupting its entire platform because each feature operates independently.</p><p>But what about a very early-stage startup? You're probably working with a small team, a limited budget, and\u2014let's be real\u2014just trying to get people to care about your product. In this stage, microservices can introduce overhead and complexity that you don't need.</p><h2>The Nano-Service Nightmare</h2><p>Here's where it gets tricky: in their quest to follow \\\"best practices,\\\" some startups are breaking their product down into so many microservices that the architecture becomes a tangled web of tiny, granular functions\u2014what I call \\\"nano-services.\\\"</p><p>Imagine breaking down your system into not just an authentication service, but a separate microservice for each tiny function within that service. One for username verification. One for password validation. One for generating CAPTCHA. Sounds ridiculous, right? That's because it is.</p><p>This leads to several problems:</p><ol><li><p><strong>Excessive Overhead</strong>: Suddenly, you're responsible for managing, testing, and deploying dozens of tiny services. Each with its own dependencies, deployment process, and potential points of failure. Startups don't need this level of complexity when they're moving fast and iterating quickly.</p></li><li><p><strong>DevOps Chaos</strong>: Microservices require a well-oiled DevOps machine. I'm talking about containerization, orchestration, and continuous deployment pipelines that can handle dozens of services simultaneously. Most startups don't have dedicated teams for this. Fun fact: According to a survey from DataDog, 55% of companies using microservices reported that they needed to improve their monitoring and alerting processes just to keep up with the complexity.</p></li><li><p><strong>Premature Optimization</strong>: One of the most dangerous traps startups fall into is optimizing for scale before they need to. I get it\u2014you want to build a product that can handle millions of users. But in reality, you're probably still figuring out whether anyone even wants to use your product. A study by CB Insights (<a href=\\\"https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/cbi-content/research-reports/The-20-Reasons-Startups-Fail.pdf\\\">CB Insights report)</a> found that 42% of startups fail because there's no market need for their product. So instead of focusing on microservices and scalability, your priority should be product-market fit.</p></li></ol><h2>Complexity Over Time</h2><p>Here's a simple graph to illustrate the impact of different architectures over time:</p><div class=\\\"captioned-image-container\\\"><figure><a class=\\\"image-link image2 is-viewable-img\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin\\\" data-component-name=\\\"Image2ToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"image2-inset\\\"><picture><source type=\\\"image/webp\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\"><img src=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin\\\" width=\\\"1456\\\" height=\\\"868\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":868,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":null,"alt":"Output image","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":null,"isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}\\\" class=\\\"sizing-normal\\\" alt=\\\"Output image\\\" title=\\\"Output image\\\" srcset=\\\"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rDkJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60ae5851-4e8d-4717-869a-50d7b1cd97f9_1979x1180.bin 1456w\\\" sizes=\\\"100vw\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"></picture><div class=\\\"image-link-expand\\\"><div class=\\\"pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset\\\"><button tabindex=\\\"0\\\" type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 20 20\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke-width=\\\"1.5\\\" stroke=\\\"var(--color-fg-primary)\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\"><g><path d=\\\"M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882\\\"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex=\\\"0\\\" type=\\\"button\\\" class=\\\"pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image\\\"><svg xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" width=\\\"20\\\" height=\\\"20\\\" viewBox=\\\"0 0 24 24\\\" fill=\\\"none\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"2\\\" stroke-linecap=\\\"round\\\" stroke-linejoin=\\\"round\\\" class=\\\"lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2\\\"><polyline points=\\\"15 3 21 3 21 9\\\"></polyline><polyline points=\\\"9 21 3 21 3 15\\\"></polyline><line x1=\\\"21\\\" x2=\\\"14\\\" y1=\\\"3\\\" y2=\\\"10\\\"></line><line x1=\\\"3\\\" x2=\\\"10\\\" y1=\\\"21\\\" y2=\\\"14\\\"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Graph Idea</strong>:</p><ul><li><p>X-axis: <strong>Startup Stage (Idea, MVP, Scaling, Growth)</strong></p></li><li><p>Y-axis: <strong>Architecture Complexity (Low, Moderate, High)</strong></p></li></ul><p>When it comes to architecture, complexity is inevitable as your startup grows. The key is knowing when to embrace it. Early on, during the Idea and MVP stages, simplicity is your best friend. A monolithic architecture allows you to iterate quickly, fix bugs easily, and focus on product-market fit without worrying about managing a complex DevOps pipeline.</p><p>As your startup enters the Scaling and Growth stages, complexity becomes necessary\u2014and even beneficial. At this point, your product is validated, you've got a growing user base, and you're adding features at a faster pace. Now is when microservices can shine:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Scalability Becomes Crucial</strong>: You can scale specific parts of your system independently.</p></li><li><p><strong>Fault Isolation</strong>: Failure in one service shouldn't take down the entire product.</p></li><li><p><strong>Flexibility for Teams</strong>: Different teams can work on different services independently, speeding up development and deployment.</p></li></ul><h2>The Great Debate: My Conversation with John, the Microservices Evangelist</h2><p>After I posted about this on LinkedIn, I had a great conversation with John*, a software engineer and microservices advocate. He made some excellent points that highlight the nuances of this debate.</p><p>John argued:</p><ol><li><p>Microservices don't inherently mean more services. It's just about how you organize features.</p></li><li><p>Deployment is easier today with platforms like AWS managing services for you.</p></li><li><p>Scalability should be baked in from the start, even in early-stage startups.</p></li></ol><p>My response: While John's points are valid in theory, the reality I'm seeing is different. Startups are taking microservices to extremes, breaking down services into nano-level units. This increases overhead, DevOps complexity, and slows down iteration speed.</p><p>Yes, deployment has gotten easier, but not every early-stage team is equipped to manage a microservice architecture effectively. If your team has the skills, awesome\u2014go for it. But if not, which is the majority of startups out there, start simple and scale as needed.</p><p>And on scalability: while it's essential, the focus in the early days should be on product-market fit. Scale comes later. Prematurely optimizing for scale can slow you down when you should be speeding up.<br><br>*Name changed because I can't afford another lawsuit.</p><h3>Start Simple, Scale Later</h3><p>Here's my takeaway for startups: Start simple! Build a monolith, validate your product, and iterate quickly. Once you've got traction and users are banging on the door for more features, then consider scaling out to microservices. But don't fall into the nano-service trap, where you create unnecessary complexity and burn time managing overhead instead of building value.</p><div><hr></div><p>That's all folks! What about you? Have you seen this trend in startups? Let me know in the comments, or better yet, hit that \\\"<strong>subscribe</strong>\\\" button to keep the conversation going.<br><br>Cheers,<br>- Thiago</p><div><hr></div><p><em>About the author: Former Microsoft engineer, current startup junkie. I've sold one company, building another, and spend way too much time thinking about tech. My opinions are like my code \u2013 they might have bugs, but they're open source.</em><br></p><div class=\\\"subscription-widget-wrap-editor\\\" data-attrs=\\\"{"url":"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/subscribe?","text":"Subscribe","language":"en"}\\\" data-component-name=\\\"SubscribeWidgetToDOM\\\"><div class=\\\"subscription-widget show-subscribe\\\"><div class=\\\"preamble\\\"><p class=\\\"cta-caption\\\">Thanks for reading Tech Thoughts! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work. Or don't, and miss out on all the fun. Your call, no pressure. (Okay, maybe a little pressure).</p></div><form class=\\\"subscription-widget-subscribe\\\"><input type=\\\"email\\\" class=\\\"email-input\\\" name=\\\"email\\\" placeholder=\\\"Type your email\u2026\\\" tabindex=\\\"-1\\\"><input type=\\\"submit\\\" class=\\\"button primary\\\" value=\\\"Subscribe\\\"><div class=\\\"fake-input-wrapper\\\"><div class=\\\"fake-input\\\"></div><div class=\\\"fake-button\\\"></div></div></form></div></div>\",\"has_dynamic_content\":false,\"truncated_body_text\":\"So, you've launched a startup. You've got the idea, the team, and maybe even a bit of funding. Now comes the fun part: building the product. And like any tech-savvy entrepreneur, you've heard the gospel of microservices\u2014\\\"It's scalable!\\\" \\\"It's future-proof!\\\" \\\"Even\",\"wordcount\":1116,\"post_preview_limit\":null,\"language\":\"en\",\"postTags\":[{\"id\":\"1c42abfe-7abd-418a-85ee-a6c29ad42758\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"name\":\"coding\",\"slug\":\"coding\",\"hidden\":false},{\"id\":\"57cc3ce5-3be6-4fca-8fa3-1455d2c66ca9\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"name\":\"growth\",\"slug\":\"growth\",\"hidden\":false},{\"id\":\"63900169-c824-4cec-88cf-fd18a5ff352b\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"name\":\"microservices\",\"slug\":\"microservices\",\"hidden\":false},{\"id\":\"a0091bf1-c54c-49f4-b93c-c362d6b1a9d1\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"name\":\"startups\",\"slug\":\"startups\",\"hidden\":false},{\"id\":\"a752631b-940b-4fb1-9f4c-6a20fd9b7f92\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"name\":\"scale\",\"slug\":\"scale\",\"hidden\":false},{\"id\":\"ca7ab9ca-0c4c-4a43-ae7a-cea96b9c1caa\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"name\":\"cloud\",\"slug\":\"cloud\",\"hidden\":false},{\"id\":\"fe90c6bb-bed8-432b-b654-61702d7662d5\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"name\":\"software development\",\"slug\":\"software-development\",\"hidden\":false}],\"postCountryBlocks\":[],\"headlineTest\":null,\"coverImagePalette\":{\"Vibrant\":{\"rgb\":[190,118,55],\"population\":70},\"DarkVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[99,23,29],\"population\":104},\"LightVibrant\":{\"rgb\":[240,216,147],\"population\":25},\"Muted\":{\"rgb\":[146,134,108],\"population\":413},\"DarkMuted\":{\"rgb\":[46,64,78],\"population\":76},\"LightMuted\":{\"rgb\":[199,190,162],\"population\":51}},\"publishedBylines\":[{\"id\":161483090,\"name\":\"Thiago Caserta\",\"handle\":\"thiagocaserta\",\"photo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0cb4b950-b8fa-423c-af2c-6c077f6da028_1316x1318.jpeg\",\"bio\":\"Former Microsoft engineer, current startup junkie. I've sold one company, building another, and spend way too much time thinking about tech. My opinions are like my code \u2013 they might have bugs, but they're open source.\",\"profile_set_up_at\":\"2024-09-07T00:44:36.245Z\",\"reader_installed_at\":\"2024-09-07T08:28:30.556Z\",\"publicationUsers\":[{\"id\":3037840,\"user_id\":161483090,\"publication_id\":2986433,\"role\":\"admin\",\"public\":true,\"is_primary\":true,\"publication\":{\"id\":2986433,\"name\":\"Tech Thoughts\",\"subdomain\":\"thiagocaserta\",\"custom_domain\":null,\"custom_domain_optional\":true,\"hero_text\":\"Bold takes on data, AI, cloud computing, coding, and startups. Straightforward insights on tech trends. Expect controversy, strong opinions, bad jokes, and no sugar-coating.\",\"logo_url\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e8f8005b-0c22-46e1-ad58-8f1a0258464a_1080x1080.png\",\"author_id\":161483090,\"primary_user_id\":161483090,\"theme_var_background_pop\":\"#FF6719\",\"created_at\":\"2024-09-07T00:44:39.882Z\",\"email_from_name\":null,\"copyright\":\"Thiago Caserta\",\"founding_plan_name\":\"Founding Member\",\"community_enabled\":true,\"invite_only\":false,\"payments_state\":\"enabled\",\"language\":null,\"explicit\":false,\"homepage_type\":\"newspaper\",\"is_personal_mode\":false,\"logo_url_wide\":\"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5e42d293-5e42-4df3-9d76-ad8511036614_1344x256.png\"}}],\"is_guest\":false,\"bestseller_tier\":null,\"status\":{\"bestsellerTier\":null,\"subscriberTier\":null,\"leaderboard\":null,\"vip\":false,\"badge\":null,\"subscriber\":null}}],\"reaction\":null,\"reaction_count\":12,\"comment_count\":0,\"child_comment_count\":0,\"audio_items\":[{\"post_id\":148622045,\"voice_id\":\"en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural\",\"audio_url\":\"https://substack-video.s3.amazonaws.com/video_upload/post/148622045/tts/0449b1f7-a6c2-4697-975c-38cfd6162b36/en-US-OnyxTurboMultilingualNeural.mp3\",\"type\":\"tts\",\"status\":\"completed\"}],\"is_geoblocked\":false,\"hasCashtag\":false},\"comments\":[],\"canonicalUrl\":\"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups\",\"inlineComments\":false,\"readerIsSearchCrawler\":false,\"ogUrl\":\"https://thiagocaserta.substack.com/p/microservices-vs-monoliths-why-startups\",\"bannedFromNotes\":false,\"themeVariables\":{\"color_theme_bg_pop\":\"#ff6719\",\"background_pop\":\"#ff6719\",\"color_theme_bg_web\":\"#171717\",\"cover_bg_color\":\"#171717\",\"cover_bg_color_secondary\":\"#252525\",\"background_pop_darken\":\"#ff5600\",\"print_on_pop\":\"#ffffff\",\"color_theme_bg_pop_darken\":\"#ff5600\",\"color_theme_print_on_pop\":\"#ffffff\",\"color_theme_bg_pop_20\":\"rgba(255, 103, 25, 0.2)\",\"color_theme_bg_pop_30\":\"rgba(255, 103, 25, 0.3)\",\"print_pop\":\"#ff6719\",\"color_theme_accent\":\"#ff6719\",\"cover_print_primary\":\"#ffffff\",\"cover_print_secondary\":\"#d9d9d9\",\"cover_print_tertiary\":\"#d9d9d9\",\"cover_border_color\":\"#ffffff\",\"home_hero\":\"newspaper\",\"home_posts\":\"list\",\"web_bg_color\":\"#171717\",\"background_contrast_1\":\"#252525\",\"background_contrast_2\":\"#363636\",\"background_contrast_3\":\"#585858\",\"background_contrast_4\":\"#7a7a7a\",\"background_contrast_5\":\"#b6b6b6\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_1\":\"#252525\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_2\":\"#363636\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_3\":\"#585858\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_4\":\"#7a7a7a\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_5\":\"#b6b6b6\",\"color_theme_bg_elevated\":\"#252525\",\"color_theme_bg_elevated_secondary\":\"#363636\",\"color_theme_bg_elevated_tertiary\":\"#585858\",\"color_theme_detail\":\"#2e2e2e\",\"background_contrast_pop\":\"rgba(255, 103, 25, 0.4)\",\"color_theme_bg_contrast_pop\":\"rgba(255, 103, 25, 0.4)\",\"theme_bg_is_dark\":\"1\",\"print_on_web_bg_color\":\"#ffffff\",\"print_secondary_on_web_bg_color\":\"#a2a2a2\",\"background_pop_rgb\":\"255, 103, 25\",\"color_theme_bg_pop_rgb\":\"255, 103, 25\",\"color_theme_accent_rgb\":\"255, 103, 25\"},\"recentEpisodes\":null,\"trackFrontendVisit\":true,\"activeLiveStream\":null,\"freeTrialCoupon\":{\"id\":\"049d7331\",\"trial_period_days\":7},\"defaultCoupon\":null,\"isChatActive\":false,\"publicationPageAlert\":null,\"features\":{},\"browser\":{\"name\":\"Chrome\",\"version\":\"125.0\",\"major\":\"125\"},\"showCookieBanner\":false,\"disabledCookies\":[],\"dd_env\":\"prod\",\"dd_ti\":true}")</script>
|
||
<script nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA">window._analyticsConfig = JSON.parse("{\"properties\":{\"subdomain\":\"thiagocaserta\",\"publication_id\":2986433,\"has_plans\":true,\"pub_community_enabled\":true,\"is_personal_publication\":false,\"is_subscribed\":false,\"is_free_subscribed\":false,\"is_author\":false,\"is_contributor\":false,\"is_admin\":false,\"is_founding\":false},\"adwordsAccountId\":\"AW-316245675\",\"adwordsEventSendTo\":\"Tf76CKqcyL4DEKuN5pYB\"}")</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/lib-router.7371871e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/55188.571db0c6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/62357.a0731d37.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/53754.d196682b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/33485.2686bb5d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/2237.ae8857e4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/37707.4614ce58.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/9351.41564edd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/80821.b2140fcd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/44292.f3dc2b43.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70291.7aa24e85.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/17499.1820773d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/57975.765aca5a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/19714.2f1bdde5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/48320.4e726ad5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93000.f03f24de.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/44014.f579d62b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/43745.80c75c78.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/60892.92b9fc9c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/40646.258e49f2.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/87906.d493457b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/36479.ce61e623.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/17706.015b0f71.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93977.f1207089.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/37606.b91ab2ef.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/94311.b93f6845.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/89356.66161d1e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/21262.211a7337.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/47925.24a01d36.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/80220.03bd4c41.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/71505.3dc43e33.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/11100.5d148f2c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/3663.86d95e8c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/18725.a5a682c3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/86118.ff1ec843.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/93519.7fe128ac.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/84828.c78aabc1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/5075.d6e9f8ec.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/29231.a7af5911.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/56725.2b32bbb6.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/42336.f1c17ded.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/89879.1d0af2b9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/70793.951c11cb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/39522.58e078b0.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/53164.dfde36c8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/74584.94c6b3f1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/71199.a327e9f4.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/63266.8bb0d59c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/47358.8f5c5991.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/4492.cb326b80.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/88089.680833b5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/97348.df6a856d.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/52109.cf3bcc2c.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/56256.8a1bc5dd.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/77410.3f20fb36.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/25058.bdbc4e21.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/58483.3adddb8a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/94881.0a97506f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/27386.09a9082f.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/10174.7f0face7.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/92610.a4fc1daf.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/91214.cb10b4b8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/11244.b723f409.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99260.28b0ed6a.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/48445.7d5c5ba3.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/76768.9a2f2bae.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/41932.6c688f22.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/12114.979fb38e.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/48409.9732c6f9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/26252.4f5ae3be.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/53871.2923c5c9.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/18494.588a06d1.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/99068.bd2e1fba.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/91850.79d3f415.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/49047.c7f428fb.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/16075.098bcbcf.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/28856.2eb51db5.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/95396.72d1d844.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/63175.bbf1c283.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/74628.2e8ed950.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/32552.889dd584.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/27313.c287f2d8.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/mainReactRouter.6c265246.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/91507.9b9761ae.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/54770.b40bf629.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/30054.07cd629b.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/78118.35b48b09.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/57051.f37fb930.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script defer type="module" src="https://substackcdn.com/bundle/static/js/78191.24075434.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA" nomodule>
|
||
(function() {
|
||
var message = 'Your browser does not support modern JavaScript modules. Please upgrade your browser for the best experience.';
|
||
var warningDiv = document.createElement('div');
|
||
warningDiv.style.color = 'red';
|
||
warningDiv.style.padding = '10px';
|
||
warningDiv.style.margin = '10px 0';
|
||
warningDiv.style.border = '1px solid red';
|
||
warningDiv.style.backgroundColor = 'lightyellow';
|
||
warningDiv.innerText = message;
|
||
document.body.prepend(warningDiv);
|
||
})();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Datadog Analytics -->
|
||
<script nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA">
|
||
(function(h,o,u,n,d) {
|
||
h=h[d]=h[d]||{q:[],onReady:function(c){h.q.push(c)}}
|
||
d=o.createElement(u);d.async=1;d.src=n
|
||
n=o.getElementsByTagName(u)[0];n.parentNode.insertBefore(d,n)
|
||
})(window,document,'script','https://www.datadoghq-browser-agent.com/us1/v5/datadog-rum.js','DD_RUM')
|
||
window.DD_RUM.onReady(function() {
|
||
window.DD_RUM.init({
|
||
clientToken: 'puba71073f072643721169b68f352438710',
|
||
applicationId: '2e321b35-c76b-4073-8d04-cc9a10461793',
|
||
site: 'datadoghq.com',
|
||
service: 'web',
|
||
env: window._preloads.dd_env,
|
||
version: '8b4c00716b2bc0f7ca1fded553014f7e37b5b07a',
|
||
sessionSampleRate: 1,
|
||
sessionReplaySampleRate: 10,
|
||
trackUserInteractions: window._preloads.dd_ti,
|
||
trackResources: true,
|
||
trackLongTasks: true,
|
||
defaultPrivacyLevel: 'mask-user-input',
|
||
allowedTracingUrls: [/https?:\/\/(.+\/.)?substack(cdn)?\.com/]
|
||
});
|
||
})
|
||
</script>
|
||
<!-- End Datadog Analytics -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Cloudflare Web Analytics -->
|
||
<script defer src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon='{"token": "216309cffb464db4b0e02daf0b8e8060"}'></script>
|
||
<!-- End Cloudflare Web Analytics -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Fallback tracking pixels -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<noscript>
|
||
<style>
|
||
#nojs-banner {
|
||
position: fixed;
|
||
bottom: 0;
|
||
left: 0;
|
||
padding: 16px 16px 16px 32px;
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
box-sizing: border-box;
|
||
background: red;
|
||
color: white;
|
||
font-family: -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";
|
||
font-size: 13px;
|
||
line-height: 13px;
|
||
}
|
||
#nojs-banner a {
|
||
color: inherit;
|
||
text-decoration: underline;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
<div id="nojs-banner">
|
||
This site requires JavaScript to run correctly. Please <a href="https://enable-javascript.com/" target="_blank">turn on JavaScript</a> or unblock scripts
|
||
</div>
|
||
</noscript>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script nonce="ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA">(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||(a.contentWindow&&a.contentWindow.document);if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.nonce='ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA';d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a39cd5d7793ee9e1',t:'MTc4OTE5NDMzMA=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='ZZXPmRoqrYqJI2YiQN6THA';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body>
|
||
</html>
|