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nexus/sreweekly/articles/166/04-lion-air-737-max-crew-had-seconds-to-react-boeing-simulation-finds.html
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class="group flex items-center theme-selection-active group" arial-label="" aria-label="Open Theme selection dropdown">
<span class="sr-only">Theme</span>
<svg class="theme-selection-active-dark hidden h-5 w-5 text-yellow-100 group-hover:text-yellow-200" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 38.4 38.4"><defs><clipPath id="theme-dark_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h38.4v38.4H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="theme-dark_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h38.4v38.4H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#theme-dark_svg__a)"><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#theme-dark_svg__b)"><path d="M14.5 11.4c0-4.3 1.4-8.2 3.7-11.4C8.8 1.3 1.6 9.3 1.6 19.1s8.6 19.3 19.3 19.3 12.1-3.1 15.6-7.9c-.9.1-1.8.2-2.7.2-10.7 0-19.3-8.6-19.3-19.3m17.8-6.8v2.1c0 .8-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4s-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4V4.6c0-.8.6-1.4 1.4-1.4s1.4.6 1.4 1.4m0 6.8v2.1c0 .8-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4s-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4v-2.1c0-.8.6-1.4 1.4-1.4s1.4.6 1.4 1.4m-5.8-3.7h2.1c.8 0 1.4.6 1.4 1.4s-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4h-2.1c-.8 0-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4s.6-1.4 1.4-1.4m6.8 0h2.1c.8 0 1.4.6 1.4 1.4s-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4h-2.1c-.8 0-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4s.6-1.4 1.4-1.4"/></g></g></svg>
<svg class="theme-selection-active-dusk hidden h-5 w-5 text-yellow-400 group-hover:text-yellow-200" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 38.18 40"><defs><clipPath id="theme-dusk_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h38.18v40H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="theme-dusk_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h38.18v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#theme-dusk_svg__a)"><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#theme-dusk_svg__b)"><path d="M19.09 5.86C11.28 5.86 4.95 12.19 4.95 20s6.33 14.14 14.14 14.14S33.23 27.81 33.23 20 26.9 5.86 19.09 5.86m0 26.28C12.4 32.14 6.95 26.69 6.95 20c0-6.13 4.57-11.2 10.48-12.01a12.07 12.07 0 0 0-2.63 7.52c0 6.7 5.45 12.14 12.14 12.14.56 0 1.11-.05 1.66-.13-2.23 2.81-5.66 4.62-9.52 4.62m1.43-30.72v2.17c0 .78-.63 1.42-1.42 1.42s-1.42-.63-1.42-1.42V1.42a1.419 1.419 0 1 1 2.84 0M9.31 4.13l1.27 1.75c.46.63.32 1.52-.31 1.98s-1.52.32-1.98-.31L7.02 5.8a1.42 1.42 0 0 1 .31-1.98 1.42 1.42 0 0 1 1.98.31m-7.45 8.78 2.06.67c.74.24 1.15 1.04.91 1.79s-1.04 1.15-1.79.91l-2.06-.67a1.417 1.417 0 0 1-.91-1.78c.24-.74 1.04-1.15 1.79-.91M.98 24.39l2.06-.67c.74-.24 1.54.16 1.79.91.24.74-.17 1.54-.91 1.78l-2.06.67a1.42 1.42 0 0 1-1.79-.91c-.24-.74.17-1.54.91-1.79m6.04 9.82 1.27-1.75a1.42 1.42 0 0 1 1.98-.31c.63.46.77 1.35.31 1.98l-1.27 1.75c-.46.63-1.35.77-1.98.31a1.42 1.42 0 0 1-.31-1.98m10.65 4.38v-2.16c0-.78.63-1.42 1.42-1.42s1.42.63 1.42 1.42v2.16c0 .78-.63 1.42-1.42 1.42s-1.42-.63-1.42-1.42m11.2-2.71-1.27-1.75a1.42 1.42 0 0 1 .31-1.98 1.42 1.42 0 0 1 1.98.31l1.27 1.75c.46.63.32 1.52-.31 1.98s-1.52.32-1.98-.31m7.46-8.78-2.06-.67a1.424 1.424 0 0 1-.91-1.79c.24-.74 1.04-1.15 1.79-.91l2.06.67c.74.24 1.15 1.04.91 1.78s-1.04 1.15-1.79.91m.87-11.47-2.06.67c-.74.24-1.54-.17-1.79-.91-.24-.74.17-1.54.91-1.78l2.06-.67c.74-.24 1.54.16 1.79.91.24.74-.17 1.54-.91 1.79M31.16 5.8l-1.27 1.75c-.46.63-1.34.77-1.98.31a1.42 1.42 0 0 1-.31-1.98l1.27-1.75a1.42 1.42 0 0 1 1.98-.31c.63.46.77 1.35.31 1.98"/></g></g></svg>
<svg class="theme-selection-active-light hidden h-5 w-5 text-yellow-400 group-hover:text-yellow-200" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><clipPath id="theme-light_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="theme-light_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#theme-light_svg__a)"><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#theme-light_svg__b)"><path d="M30 20c0 5.5-4.5 10-10 10s-10-4.5-10-10 4.5-10 10-10 10 4.5 10 10m8.6 1.4h-2.2c-.8 0-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4s.6-1.4 1.4-1.4h2.2c.8 0 1.4.6 1.4 1.4s-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4M34.1 7.9l-1.5 1.5c-.6.6-1.5.6-2 0-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2l1.5-1.5c.6-.6 1.5-.6 2 0 .6.6.6 1.5 0 2M21.4 1.4v2.2c0 .8-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4s-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4V1.4c0-.8.6-1.4 1.4-1.4s1.4.6 1.4 1.4M7.9 5.9l1.5 1.5c.6.6.6 1.5 0 2-.6.6-1.5.6-2 0L5.9 7.9c-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2 .6-.6 1.5-.6 2 0M1.4 18.6h2.2c.8 0 1.4.6 1.4 1.4s-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4H1.4C.6 21.4 0 20.8 0 20s.6-1.4 1.4-1.4m4.5 13.5 1.5-1.5c.6-.6 1.4-.6 2 0s.6 1.5 0 2l-1.5 1.5c-.6.6-1.5.6-2 0-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2m12.7 6.5v-2.2c0-.8.6-1.4 1.4-1.4s1.4.6 1.4 1.4v2.2c0 .8-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4s-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4m13.5-4.5-1.5-1.5c-.6-.6-.6-1.4 0-2s1.5-.6 2 0l1.5 1.5c.6.6.6 1.5 0 2-.6.6-1.5.6-2 0"/></g></g></svg>
</button>
<!-- Panel -->
<div x-cloak x-ref="panel" x-show="open" x-transition.origin.top.center x-on:click.outside="close()"
:id="$id('dropdown-button')" class="absolute overflow-hidden z-50 bg-gray-550 absolute right-0 top-14 mt-[1px] min-w-[200px] rounded-sm py-3 md:top-10">
<nav>
<ul class="theme-selection-dropdown">
<li
class="theme-selection-item group flex w-full cursor-pointer flex-row items-center px-5 py-2 text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-green-400 focus:bg-gray-700 focus:text-green-400"
data-theme="light"
data-selected="false">
<svg class="theme-selection-icon mr-2 inline-block h-5 w-5 text-gray-100 group-hover:text-green-400 group-focus:text-inherit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><clipPath id="theme-light_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="theme-light_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#theme-light_svg__a)"><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#theme-light_svg__b)"><path d="M30 20c0 5.5-4.5 10-10 10s-10-4.5-10-10 4.5-10 10-10 10 4.5 10 10m8.6 1.4h-2.2c-.8 0-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4s.6-1.4 1.4-1.4h2.2c.8 0 1.4.6 1.4 1.4s-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4M34.1 7.9l-1.5 1.5c-.6.6-1.5.6-2 0-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2l1.5-1.5c.6-.6 1.5-.6 2 0 .6.6.6 1.5 0 2M21.4 1.4v2.2c0 .8-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4s-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4V1.4c0-.8.6-1.4 1.4-1.4s1.4.6 1.4 1.4M7.9 5.9l1.5 1.5c.6.6.6 1.5 0 2-.6.6-1.5.6-2 0L5.9 7.9c-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2 .6-.6 1.5-.6 2 0M1.4 18.6h2.2c.8 0 1.4.6 1.4 1.4s-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4H1.4C.6 21.4 0 20.8 0 20s.6-1.4 1.4-1.4m4.5 13.5 1.5-1.5c.6-.6 1.4-.6 2 0s.6 1.5 0 2l-1.5 1.5c-.6.6-1.5.6-2 0-.6-.6-.6-1.5 0-2m12.7 6.5v-2.2c0-.8.6-1.4 1.4-1.4s1.4.6 1.4 1.4v2.2c0 .8-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4s-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4m13.5-4.5-1.5-1.5c-.6-.6-.6-1.4 0-2s1.5-.6 2 0l1.5 1.5c.6.6.6 1.5 0 2-.6.6-1.5.6-2 0"/></g></g></svg>
HyperLight
</li>
<li
class="theme-selection-item group flex w-full cursor-pointer flex-row items-center px-5 py-2 text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-green-400 focus:bg-gray-700 focus:text-green-400"
data-theme="dusk"
data-selected="false">
<svg class="theme-selection-icon mr-2 inline-block h-5 w-5 text-gray-100 group-hover:text-green-400 group-focus:text-inherit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 38.18 40"><defs><clipPath id="theme-dusk_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h38.18v40H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="theme-dusk_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h38.18v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#theme-dusk_svg__a)"><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#theme-dusk_svg__b)"><path d="M19.09 5.86C11.28 5.86 4.95 12.19 4.95 20s6.33 14.14 14.14 14.14S33.23 27.81 33.23 20 26.9 5.86 19.09 5.86m0 26.28C12.4 32.14 6.95 26.69 6.95 20c0-6.13 4.57-11.2 10.48-12.01a12.07 12.07 0 0 0-2.63 7.52c0 6.7 5.45 12.14 12.14 12.14.56 0 1.11-.05 1.66-.13-2.23 2.81-5.66 4.62-9.52 4.62m1.43-30.72v2.17c0 .78-.63 1.42-1.42 1.42s-1.42-.63-1.42-1.42V1.42a1.419 1.419 0 1 1 2.84 0M9.31 4.13l1.27 1.75c.46.63.32 1.52-.31 1.98s-1.52.32-1.98-.31L7.02 5.8a1.42 1.42 0 0 1 .31-1.98 1.42 1.42 0 0 1 1.98.31m-7.45 8.78 2.06.67c.74.24 1.15 1.04.91 1.79s-1.04 1.15-1.79.91l-2.06-.67a1.417 1.417 0 0 1-.91-1.78c.24-.74 1.04-1.15 1.79-.91M.98 24.39l2.06-.67c.74-.24 1.54.16 1.79.91.24.74-.17 1.54-.91 1.78l-2.06.67a1.42 1.42 0 0 1-1.79-.91c-.24-.74.17-1.54.91-1.79m6.04 9.82 1.27-1.75a1.42 1.42 0 0 1 1.98-.31c.63.46.77 1.35.31 1.98l-1.27 1.75c-.46.63-1.35.77-1.98.31a1.42 1.42 0 0 1-.31-1.98m10.65 4.38v-2.16c0-.78.63-1.42 1.42-1.42s1.42.63 1.42 1.42v2.16c0 .78-.63 1.42-1.42 1.42s-1.42-.63-1.42-1.42m11.2-2.71-1.27-1.75a1.42 1.42 0 0 1 .31-1.98 1.42 1.42 0 0 1 1.98.31l1.27 1.75c.46.63.32 1.52-.31 1.98s-1.52.32-1.98-.31m7.46-8.78-2.06-.67a1.424 1.424 0 0 1-.91-1.79c.24-.74 1.04-1.15 1.79-.91l2.06.67c.74.24 1.15 1.04.91 1.78s-1.04 1.15-1.79.91m.87-11.47-2.06.67c-.74.24-1.54-.17-1.79-.91-.24-.74.17-1.54.91-1.78l2.06-.67c.74-.24 1.54.16 1.79.91.24.74-.17 1.54-.91 1.79M31.16 5.8l-1.27 1.75c-.46.63-1.34.77-1.98.31a1.42 1.42 0 0 1-.31-1.98l1.27-1.75a1.42 1.42 0 0 1 1.98-.31c.63.46.77 1.35.31 1.98"/></g></g></svg>
Day & Night
</li>
<li
class="theme-selection-item group flex w-full cursor-pointer flex-row items-center px-5 py-2 text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-green-400 focus:bg-gray-700 focus:text-green-400"
data-theme="dark"
data-selected="false">
<svg class="theme-selection-icon mr-2 inline-block h-5 w-5 text-gray-100 group-hover:text-green-400 group-focus:text-inherit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 38.4 38.4"><defs><clipPath id="theme-dark_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h38.4v38.4H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="theme-dark_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h38.4v38.4H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#theme-dark_svg__a)"><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#theme-dark_svg__b)"><path d="M14.5 11.4c0-4.3 1.4-8.2 3.7-11.4C8.8 1.3 1.6 9.3 1.6 19.1s8.6 19.3 19.3 19.3 12.1-3.1 15.6-7.9c-.9.1-1.8.2-2.7.2-10.7 0-19.3-8.6-19.3-19.3m17.8-6.8v2.1c0 .8-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4s-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4V4.6c0-.8.6-1.4 1.4-1.4s1.4.6 1.4 1.4m0 6.8v2.1c0 .8-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4s-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4v-2.1c0-.8.6-1.4 1.4-1.4s1.4.6 1.4 1.4m-5.8-3.7h2.1c.8 0 1.4.6 1.4 1.4s-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4h-2.1c-.8 0-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4s.6-1.4 1.4-1.4m6.8 0h2.1c.8 0 1.4.6 1.4 1.4s-.6 1.4-1.4 1.4h-2.1c-.8 0-1.4-.6-1.4-1.4s.6-1.4 1.4-1.4"/></g></g></svg>
Dark
</li>
<li
class="theme-selection-item group flex w-full cursor-pointer flex-row items-center px-5 py-2 text-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-700 hover:text-green-400 focus:bg-gray-700 focus:text-green-400"
data-theme="system"
data-selected="true">
<svg class="theme-selection-icon mr-2 inline-block h-5 w-5 text-gray-100 group-hover:text-green-400 group-focus:text-inherit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><clipPath id="theme-system_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="theme-system_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#theme-system_svg__a)"><g clip-path="url(#theme-system_svg__b)"><path fill="currentColor" d="M20 0C8.95 0 0 8.95 0 20s8.95 20 20 20 20-8.95 20-20S31.05 0 20 0m0 38V2c9.92 0 18 8.08 18 18s-8.08 18-18 18"/></g></g></svg>
System
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="flex flex-row flex-nowrap items-center gap-2 text-gray-300 hover:text-gray-100 focus:text-gray-100"
href="/search/" title="Search" aria-label="Open search page">
<svg class="h-5 w-5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><clipPath id="magnify_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath><clipPath id="magnify_svg__b"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g clip-path="url(#magnify_svg__a)"><g fill="none" clip-path="url(#magnify_svg__b)"><path fill="currentColor" d="M39.2 35.4 29 25.2c4.4-6.2 3.9-15-1.7-20.6C24.2 1.6 20.1 0 16 0S7.8 1.6 4.7 4.7c-6.2 6.2-6.2 16.4 0 22.6C7.8 30.4 11.9 32 16 32s6.5-1 9.3-3l10.2 10.2c.5.5 1.2.8 1.9.8s1.4-.3 1.9-.8c1-1 1-2.7 0-3.8M8.5 23.5c-2-2-3.1-4.7-3.1-7.5s1.1-5.5 3.1-7.5 4.7-3.1 7.5-3.1 5.5 1.1 7.5 3.1c4.2 4.2 4.2 10.9 0 15.1-2 2-4.7 3.1-7.5 3.1s-5.5-1.1-7.5-3.1"/></g></g></svg>
<span class="sr-only">Search</span>
</a>
<div class="h-5 w-[1px] bg-gray-400"></div>
<div class="flex md:justify-center" data-modal-id="sign-in" x-data="arsModal()">
<button type="button" aria-label="Sign in dialog..." class="whitespace-nowrap text-gray-300 hover:text-gray-100" aria-label="Open sign in dialog" x-on:click="show()">
Sign In
</button>
<template x-teleport="body">
<div class="fixed inset-0 z-[99999] overflow-y-auto" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" x-cloak x-show="open"
x-on:keydown.escape.window.prevent.stop="hide()" x-id="['modal-title']" x-ref="panel"
:aria-labelledby="$id('modal-title')">
<div class="fixed inset-0 bg-slate-900/80 opacity-100 backdrop-blur" x-show="open" x-transition.duration.150ms>
</div>
<div class="relative flex min-h-screen items-center justify-center" x-on:click="hide()" x-show="open"
x-transition.duration.150ms>
<div x-on:click.stop x-trap.noscroll.inert="open">
<span class="sr-only" :id="$id('modal-title')">
Sign in dialog...
</span>
<div
class="sign-in-panel absolute left-1/2 top-1/2 w-3/4 min-w-[320px] max-w-xl -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2"
>
<header
class="font-impact flex items-center justify-between bg-gray-600 px-7 py-4 font-semibold uppercase"
>
<div class="text-gray-350 flex items-center gap-3">
<svg class="h-3 w-3 text-green-400" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><clipPath id="arrow-blocks-right_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h40v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g fill="currentColor" clip-path="url(#arrow-blocks-right_svg__a)"><path d="M32 16h8v8h-8zm-8 8h8v8h-8zm-8 8h8v8h-8zm8-24h8v8h-8zm-8-8h8v8h-8zM0 16h16v8H0z"/></g></svg>
Sign in
</div>
<button
class="text-gray-300 hover:text-gray-100 focus:text-gray-100"
x-on:click="open = false"
>
<svg class="h-3 w-3" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 34.7 40"><defs><clipPath id="x_svg__a"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h34.7v40H0z"/></clipPath></defs><g fill="none" clip-path="url(#x_svg__a)"><path fill="currentColor" d="m26.4 0-8.5 16.9h-1.1L8.3 0H.8l10.1 19.4L0 40h7.6l9.2-18.3h1.1L27.1 40h7.6L23.8 19.4 33.9 0z"/></g></svg>
</button>
</header>
<div class="sign-in-panel-body bg-gray-700 px-7 py-4">
<div
class="col-span-3 normal-case text-gray-300"
x-data="arsSignInPanel()"
x-on:modal-opened.window="onModalOpened($event)"
>
<div class="sign-in-form" x-ref="form"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<main class="main relative -mt-4 lg:mt-6" id="main">
<article class="double-column h-entry post-1481797 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-information-technology tag-boeing-737-max tag-lion-air-flight-610" data-id="1481797">
<header>
<div class="dusk:bg-gray-700 my-4 bg-white py-4 md:my-10 md:py-8 dark:bg-gray-700">
<div class="mx-auto max-w-2xl px-4 md:px-8 lg:grid lg:max-w-6xl">
<div class="md:mb-2">
<div
class="upper-deck font-impact text-green-450 dusk:text-green-400 inline-flex flex-row flex-nowrap items-center gap-2 text-left text-sm font-semibold uppercase leading-tight dark:text-green-400">
<span class="upper-deck__icon">
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<h1
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Lion Air 737 MAX crew had seconds to react, Boeing simulation finds
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Boeing test pilots determine crash was unavoidable if MCAS wasn&#8217;t shut down in 40 seconds.
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<div class="font-impact text-xs font-semibold uppercase text-gray-300"><a class="text-orange-400 hover:text-orange-500" href="https://arstechnica.com/author/sean-gallagher/">
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A Lion Air Boeing 737 MAX 8 crashed in October 2018 because of problems with a sensor and a failure of flight control software. The crew had little time to react, data shows.
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A Lion Air Boeing 737 MAX 8 crashed in October 2018 because of problems with a sensor and a failure of flight control software. The crew had little time to react, data shows.
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<p>In testing performed in a simulator, Boeing test pilots recreated the conditions aboard Lion Air Flight 610 when it went down in the Java Sea in October, killing 189 people. The tests showed that the crew of the 737 MAX 8 would have only had 40 seconds to respond to the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System’s (MCAS’s) attempts to correct a stall that wasn’t happening before the aircraft went into an unrecoverable dive, according to a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/25/business/boeing-simulation-error.html">report by <em>The New York Times</em></a>.</p>
<p>While the test pilots were able to correct the issue with the flip of three switches, their training on the systems far exceeded that of the Lion Air crew—and that of the similarly doomed Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, which crashed earlier this month. The Lion Air crew was heard on cockpit voice recorders checking flight manuals in an attempt to diagnose what was going on moments before they died.</p>
<p>One of the controls—the electric stabilizer trim thumbswitch on the pilot’s control yoke—could temporarily reset MCAS’ control over stabilizers. The Lion Air pilots hit this switch more than 24 times, buying them some time—but MCAS’ stall prevention software kicked in afterwards each time because of faulty data coming from the aircraft’s primary angle of attack sensor.</p>
<p>Completely disabling MCAS’ control over the aircraft’s stabilizers would be the only way to overcome that sensor failure in the current software version. That requires throwing two additional switches on the console and turning a trim wheel on the console manually to re-establish manual control.</p>
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<p>The Lion Air crew would have had to accomplish this while dealing with a host of alerts, including differences in other sensor data between the pilot and co-pilot positions that made it unclear what the aircraft’s altitude was. As a result, the crew continued to fight MCAS’ attempts to push the nose down until the end.</p>
<p>Boeing is in the process of getting a software patch for MCAS ready for approval by the Federal Aviation Administration that corrects many of the problems that led to the Lion Air crash and may have contributed to the Ethiopia Airlines crash. That update is expected to be issued by the end of April, and it includes a previously optional feature that alerts air crews when the aircraft’s two angle of attack sensors are giving different information (a “disagree light”).</p>
<h2>Piling it on</h2>
<p>While the 737 MAX is currently prohibited from carrying commercial passengers, airlines can still fly the aircraft to ferry them to other locations. Southwest Airlines has been moving its 737 MAX aircraft to an aircraft parking facility in California.</p>
<p>But today, one of those aircraft had to make an emergency landing in Orlando shortly after it took off. The emergency this time wasn’t related to flight software—instead, it was <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/southwest-737-max-makes-emergency-landing-in-orlando-fla-11553634595">because of an engine problem</a>, according to a Southwest spokesperson.</p>
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Sean was previously Ars Technica's IT and National Security Editor. After over 20 years in technology journalism, including over 9 at Ars, he pivoted to cybersecurity threat research, first at Sophos and now as a security research engineer at Cisco ‘s Talos Intelligence Group. A former Navy officer, he lives and works in Baltimore, Maryland.
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