898 lines
255 KiB
HTML
898 lines
255 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
|
||
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--><html class="no-js gt-ie8" dir="ltr" lang="en" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" null><!--<![endif]-->
|
||
<head>
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://s.dpmsrv.com/"/>
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.doubleverify.com/"/>
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.optimizely.com/"/>
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/"/>
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/"/>
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/"/>
|
||
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://static.chartbeat.com/"/>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel='preload' href='/rms/ux/responsive/fonts/PublicSans-Regular.woff2' as='font' type='font/woff2' crossorigin>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
|
||
<title>What is IT incident management? | Definition from TechTarget</title>
|
||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
|
||
<meta name="description" content="IT incident management is a process that deals with unplanned disruptions. Delve into its diverse types, benefits and processes for effective resolution." />
|
||
<meta name="robots" content="noodp" />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/IT-incident-management" />
|
||
<meta property="og:title" content="What is IT incident management? | Definition from TechTarget" />
|
||
<meta property="og:site_name" content="IT Infrastructure" />
|
||
<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/IT-incident-management" />
|
||
<meta property="og:description" content="IT incident management is a process that deals with unplanned disruptions. Delve into its diverse types, benefits and processes for effective resolution." />
|
||
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="870327132989388" />
|
||
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
|
||
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
|
||
<meta property="article:publisher" content="" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@techtargetnews" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:title" content="What is IT incident management? | Definition from TechTarget" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:description" content="IT incident management is a process that deals with unplanned disruptions. Delve into its diverse types, benefits and processes for effective resolution." />
|
||
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.techtarget.com/ITKE/images/logos/TTlogo-379x201.png" />
|
||
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.techtarget.com/ITKE/images/logos/TTlogo-379x201.png" />
|
||
<meta name="robots" content="noarchive" />
|
||
<style def-inline type="text/css">
|
||
@font-face{font-family:"Public Sans";src:url(/rms/ux/responsive/fonts/PublicSans-Regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/rms/ux/responsive/fonts/PublicSans-Regular.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:"Public Sans Bold";src:url(/rms/ux/responsive/fonts/PublicSans-Bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/rms/ux/responsive/fonts/PublicSans-Bold.ttf) format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,video{display:inline-block;*display:inline;*zoom:1}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-size:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}html,button,input,select,textarea{font-family:sans-serif}body{margin:0}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}h2{font-size:1.5em;margin:.83em 0}h3{font-size:1.17em;margin:1em 0}h4{font-size:1em;margin:1.33em 0}h5{font-size:.83em;margin:1.67em 0}h6{font-size:.67em;margin:2.33em 0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}b,strong{font-weight:700}blockquote{margin:1em 40px}dfn{font-style:italic}hr{-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0}mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}p,pre{margin:1em 0}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace,serif;_font-family:"courier new",monospace;font-size:1em}pre{white-space:pre;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word}q{quotes:none}q:before,q:after{content:"";content:none}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sup{top:-.5em}sub{bottom:-.25em}dl,menu,ol,ul{margin:1em 0}dd{margin:0 0 0 40px}menu,ol,ul{padding:0 0 0 40px}nav ul,nav ol{list-style:none;list-style-image:none}img{border:0;-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:0}form{margin:0}fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}legend{border:0;padding:0;white-space:normal;*margin-left:-7px}button,input,select,textarea{font-size:100%;margin:0;vertical-align:baseline;*vertical-align:middle}button,input{line-height:normal}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer;*overflow:visible}button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;*height:13px;*width:13px}input[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}input[type=search]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type=search]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}.publicSans,.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next,.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev,.file-extensions li a,.continue-reading li,#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link,#sdef .main-article-author.v2>span,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radioButtonList li label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .checkboxList li label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products label,.header_v3-whatis .nav-links>a,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner,.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile,.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li,.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header,input,body{font-family:"Public Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.publicSans-i{font-family:"Public Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:italic}.publicSans-m,.inline-reg .meterDescription,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header p span,.nav-list-item-header-type,.nav-list-item-header .view-all,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all,.publicSans-b,.pillar .pillar-navbar h5,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .heading,.guide_v2 .guide-header .heading,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span,.file-extensions .powered-by span,.file-extensions h2,.related-terms dt,.related-terms h4,.definition-title,.definition-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error.submit-error p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form>span.headline,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li label,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.resources-bar-item,.related-bar-item,.related-bar-header,.resources-bar-header,.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item.title,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile span,.nav-list-sublist-header-topics,.nav-user-action,.nav-links,.nav-join-pro,.header-logo,.section-title,.splash-heading,.button,b,strong{font-family:"Public Sans Bold",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.clearfix:before,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form:before,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form:before,.content-columns:before,.clearfix:after,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form:after,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form:after,.content-columns:after{content:"";display:table}.clearfix:after,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form:after,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form:after,.content-columns:after{clear:both}.border-box,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield,.nav-list-sublist-header-topics,.nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-sublist-header,.nav,.header-search-input{box-sizing:border-box}.link-teal,.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item a{color:#007268}.link-teal:hover,.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item a:hover{color:#15312D}.link-blue,.nav-join-pro{color:#008bc1}.link-blue:hover,.nav-join-pro:hover{color:#005272}.link-blue-l{color:#00b9d8}.link-blue-l:hover{color:#005272}.link-teal-new,.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li a,.related-terms dd .definition-link,.continue-reading li a,.inline-reg.login-register a,.share-bar-item-desktop a,.indentfix li a,.default-list li a,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li a,p a{color:#007268}.link-teal-new:hover,.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li a:hover,.related-terms dd .definition-link:hover,.continue-reading li a:hover,.inline-reg.login-register a:hover,.share-bar-item-desktop a:hover,.indentfix li a:hover,.default-list li a:hover,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li a:hover,p a:hover{color:#15312D}.link-teal-new-on-gray{color:#007a76}.link-teal-new-on-gray:hover{color:#000}.link-blue-new,.nav-links li a,#content-body p a,li[type=disc] a,.noindent li a,table a,table .indentfix li a,table .indentfix li.indentfix a,li.indentfix a,.default-list li a,.main-content .content-columns .content-center #content-body .section>ul.default-list li a,.definition-link{color:#007268}.link-blue-new:hover,.nav-links li a:hover,#content-body p a:hover,li[type=disc] a:hover,.noindent li a:hover,table a:hover,table .indentfix li a:hover,li.indentfix a:hover,.default-list li a:hover,.main-content .content-columns .content-center #content-body .section>ul.default-list li a:hover,.definition-link:hover{color:#15312D}body{font-size:15px;color:#1f1f24;min-width:320px;background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:320}@media (min-width:640px){body{z-index:640}}@media (min-width:960px){body{z-index:960}}@media (min-width:1280px){body{z-index:1280}}a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:color .2s}p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.53em;color:#35353a;margin:1.5em 0}@media (min-width:640px){p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}i{font-style:normal}ul{margin:0;padding:0}button{border:0;background:0}.button{font-size:13px;line-height:50px;letter-spacing:-.02em;text-align:center;color:#fff;height:50px;border-radius:4px;transition:background-color .2s}.blue-button,.teal-button{background:#283857;color:#fff}.blue-button:hover,.teal-button:hover{background:#51617a}.black-button{background:#283857}.black-button:hover{background:#51617a}.primaryButton{background-color:#007268;padding:10px 30px}.icon{position:relative}.site-container.fixed{position:fixed;width:100%;top:0}.main-content{margin:20px 20px 0;background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2}@media (min-width:960px){.main-content{width:800px;margin:10px auto 0;padding:0 40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.main-content{width:1120px}}.main-content.ads-by-google{z-index:auto}@media (min-width:960px){.content-left{width:170px;padding-top:50px;position:relative;float:left;clear:left}}@media (min-width:1280px){.content-left{width:200px}}@media (min-width:960px){.locking-full-bar{width:170px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.locking-full-bar{width:200px}}.content-center{position:relative;margin:0 20px}@media (min-width:640px){.content-center{margin:0 40px}}@media (min-width:960px){.content-center{width:590px;margin:0 0 0 40px;float:left}}@media (min-width:1280px){.content-center{width:640px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.content-right{float:left;width:200px;margin-left:40px}}.top-gradient-bar{display:none!important;width:100%;background-size:cover;min-height:10px;margin-bottom:20px}@media (min-width:640px){.top-gradient-bar{min-height:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.top-gradient-bar{width:880px;height:29px;margin:0 -40px -29px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.top-gradient-bar{width:1200px;height:40px;margin-bottom:-40px}}.top-gradient-bar{background:#0b7686;background:linear-gradient(to right,#0b7686 0,#0b7686 1%,#3cab9a 40%,#176584 100%)}.definition-link{margin-right:-.2em}.definition-link .icon{font-size:1.5em;top:.15em}.show-more{color:#35353a;cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s}.show-more:hover{color:#1f1f24}::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#35353a}:-moz-placeholder{color:#35353a}::-moz-placeholder{color:#35353a;opacity:1}:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#35353a}.indentfix,.default-list,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul{margin:0 0 20px 25px;padding:0}.indentfix li,.default-list li,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li{font-size:15px;color:#35353a;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.indentfix li,.default-list li,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){.indentfix li,.default-list li,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){.indentfix li,.default-list li,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}.indentfix li a.button,.default-list li a.button,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li a.button{color:#fff}.indentfix li a.button:hover,.default-list li a.button:hover,.main-content .content-columns .content-center .section>ul li a.button:hover{color:#fff}#site-container h1 a,#site-container h2 a,#site-container h3 a,#site-container h4 a,#site-container h5 a,#site-container h6 a{color:#1f1f24}#site-container h1 a:hover,#site-container h2 a:hover,#site-container h3 a:hover,#site-container h4 a:hover,#site-container h5 a:hover,#site-container h6 a:hover{color:#51617a}li.indentfix{font-size:15px;color:#35353a;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){li.indentfix{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){li.indentfix{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){li.indentfix{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}li.indentfix table{margin-right:30px}.extra-info-inner .indentfix li,.extra-info-inner .default-list li,.extraInfo .indentfix li,.extraInfo .default-list li,.sidebar .indentfix li,.sidebar .default-list li{font-size:13px}table{color:#35353a}table td{vertical-align:top}table td .nav{padding:0}table .indentfix{margin:0 0 20px 25px;padding:0}table .indentfix li,table .indentfix li.indentfix{font-size:15px;color:#35353a;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){table .indentfix li,table .indentfix li.indentfix{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){table .indentfix li,table .indentfix li.indentfix{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){table .indentfix li,table .indentfix li.indentfix{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}@media (min-width:640px){table{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){table{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){table{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}pre{background-color:#eee;padding:10px;white-space:pre;word-wrap:break-word;overflow:auto;max-height:300px;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both}@media (min-width:640px){pre{max-height:600px}}.code-toolbar{clear:both}.content-center img{max-width:600px}.hidden{display:none}.paywall{display:none!important}.grecaptcha-badge{visibility:hidden;z-index:2}img[alt]{font-size:8px;color:#35353a}.inline-block{display:inline-block}#sp_privacy_manager_container{z-index:9999999999999!important}html.sp-pm-open{margin-top:0!important}#cmp-banner{position:fixed;bottom:0;right:0;z-index:100}@media (min-width:960px){#cmp-banner{bottom:20px}}#cmp-banner:empty{display:none}#gpcBannerContainer{position:fixed;bottom:20px;left:20px;background:#f2f2f2;padding:10px 20px;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:3px;font-size:13px;color:#1f1f24;z-index:9999999999}body .content-center .section>div:not(#inlineRegistrationWrapper):not(.imagecaption){color:#35353a}@media (min-width:640px){body .content-center .section>div:not(#inlineRegistrationWrapper):not(.imagecaption){font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:960px){body .content-center .section>div:not(#inlineRegistrationWrapper):not(.imagecaption){font-size:17px}}@media (min-width:1280px){body .content-center .section>div:not(#inlineRegistrationWrapper):not(.imagecaption){font-size:18px}}.alignLeft{float:none}.alignRight{float:none}.color1,.color2{background-color:#666}table .colorback{background-color:#666;color:#fff}table .colorback p{color:#fff}table .colorback td{padding:5px}table .colorSuperLite{background-color:#efefef}u{text-decoration:none!important}.noindent{margin:0 0 20px 25px;padding:0}.noindent li{font-size:15px;color:#35353a;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.noindent li{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){.noindent li{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){.noindent li{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}li[type=disc]{font-size:15px;color:#35353a;margin:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){li[type=disc]{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75em}}@media (min-width:960px){li[type=disc]{font-size:17px;line-height:1.71em}}@media (min-width:1280px){li[type=disc]{font-size:18px;line-height:1.67em}}.imagecaption{clear:both;text-align:left}.imagecaption.alignRight{float:right;margin:0 0 30px 40px}.imagecaption.alignLeft{float:left;margin:0 40px 30px 0}.imagecaption img{display:block;margin:5px 0}.content-center .section>div.imagecaption,.imagecaption{font-size:13px;color:#35353a}i{font-style:italic}i.icon{font-style:normal}.section{padding-top:10px;margin-top:50px}.section-title,.splash-heading{font-size:18px;line-height:1.22em;margin-top:21px;margin-bottom:-3px;position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){.section-title,.splash-heading{font-size:24px;line-height:1.08em;margin-top:28px;margin-bottom:30px}}@media (min-width:960px){.section-title,.splash-heading{font-size:28px;line-height:1.21em}}@media (min-width:1280px){.section-title,.splash-heading{font-size:30px}}.section-title .icon,.splash-heading .icon{font-size:35px;color:#95a2b8;position:absolute}@media (min-width:640px){.section-title .icon,.splash-heading .icon{font-size:48px}}@media (min-width:960px){.section-title .icon,.splash-heading .icon{font-size:53px}}#site-container .vgn-ext-region,#site-container .vgn-ext-component{min-height:0!important;min-width:0!important;position:static!important;word-wrap:normal!important}.visuallyhidden{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio:3/2),only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio:1.5),only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5){.replace_2x{font-size:1px}}#anchor{top:-150px;position:relative}.header{min-width:320px;width:100%;height:60px;background-color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:100}@media (min-width:960px){.header{height:140px;padding-bottom:10px;background:#fff;z-index:auto}}.header-logo{font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;color:#35353a;height:60px;position:absolute;left:60px;right:60px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;top:0}@media (min-width:640px){.header-logo{font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo{width:120px;height:89px;margin:0;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e9;top:50px;bottom:10px;left:0}}.header-logo.mobile-link{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo.mobile-link{display:none}}.header-logo.desktop-link{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo.desktop-link{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo.desktop-link:after{content:"";width:1px;position:absolute;left:113px;top:18px;height:50px;border-right:1px solid #42c7c1}}.header-logo.desktop-link img{display:none}.header-logo:focus{outline:0}.header-logo-mobile{position:relative;top:20px}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo-mobile{display:none}}.header-logo-desktop{width:84px;height:44px;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header-logo-desktop{position:relative;top:20px;left:15px;display:block;border-right:1px solid #42c7c1;margin:-3px 0;padding:3px 20px 3px 0}}.header-logo-small{display:none}.header-search-toggle{width:60px;height:60px;border-left:1px solid #6AC4C0;background-color:#fff;position:absolute;top:0;right:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-toggle{width:70px;height:90px;border:0;background-color:transparent;top:auto;bottom:10px;z-index:4}}.header-search-toggle.selected{background-color:#015944}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-toggle.selected{background-color:transparent}}.header-search-toggle>.icon{font-size:45px;color:#fff;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-toggle>.icon{color:#007268;position:absolute;right:12px;top:22px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-toggle:hover>.icon{color:#e6e6e9}}@media (min-width:960px){.form-open.header-search-toggle{width:70px!important}}.header-search{z-index:999999;width:100%;position:absolute;top:60px;right:0;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search{top:51px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header-search{display:block}}.header-search span.placeholder{font-size:15px;line-height:50px;color:#35353a}@media (min-width:640px){.header-search span.placeholder{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search span.placeholder{font-size:24px;line-height:80px!important}}.header-search-input{font-size:15px;line-height:50px;color:#35353a;width:100%;height:50px;padding:0 20px;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #E7E8E9}@media (min-width:640px){.header-search-input{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header-search-input{font-size:24px;height:89px;border-bottom:0}}.header-search-input:focus{color:#1f1f24}.header-search-input::-ms-clear{display:none}.nav-toggle{width:60px;height:60px;border-right:1px solid #6AC4C0;background-color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-toggle{display:none}}.nav-toggle.selected{background-color:#015944}.nav-toggle>.icon{font-size:37px;color:#fff;top:1px}.nav{width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9;background:#fff;position:absolute;top:60px;left:0;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.nav{padding:50px 0 0 120px;border-bottom:0;position:static;display:block}}.nav-join-pro{font-size:11px;line-height:50px;height:50px;padding-left:20px;display:block}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-join-pro{font-size:12px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-join-pro{display:none}}.nav-join-pro span{display:inline-block;width:120px;vertical-align:middle;line-height:normal}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-join-pro span{width:63%}}.nav-links{z-index:1;font-size:11px;margin:5px 0 0;padding:10px 20px;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-links{height:50px;margin:0;padding:0 20px;position:absolute;top:0;left:15px;padding-left:0;border-top:0;background-color:#fff;z-index:10}}.nav-links ul{clear:both;overflow:hidden}.nav-links li{float:left;line-height:30px}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-links li{line-height:50px;padding:0}}.nav-links li:last-child a{border:0}.nav-links li:nth-child(3){float:left}.nav-links li a{border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9;text-transform:uppercase;padding-right:10px;margin-right:10px}.nav-user{font-size:11px;line-height:50px;height:50px;position:absolute;right:20px;top:0;z-index:1}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-user{font-size:12px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-user{right:206px}}.nav-user-name{color:#35353a;padding:0 10px 0 0;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-user-name{padding-right:15px}}.nav-user-action{text-transform:uppercase;color:#007268;padding-left:8px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-user-action{padding-left:13px}}.nav-user-action:hover{color:#15312D}.nav-user-action.cookies{border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;padding-left:10px;margin-left:8px}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-user-action.cookies{padding-left:15px;margin-left:13px}}.nav-list{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e9}.nav-list-item{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item{width:175px;height:89px;border-bottom:0;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9;position:relative;z-index:9}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item{width:200px}}.nav-list-item.selected{background-color:#f2f2f3}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item.selected{background-color:transparent}}.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-sublist-header{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e8e9}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-sublist-header{border:0}}.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-item-header>.icon-arrow-down:before,.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-sublist-header>.icon-arrow-down:before{content:"3"}.nav-list-item.selected .nav-list-item-dropdown{display:block}.nav-list-item-border{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9;z-index:999998}.nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-sublist-header{font-size:13px;line-height:50px;color:#007268;height:50px;margin:0 20px;position:relative;cursor:pointer}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-sublist-header{font-size:14px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-sublist-header{margin:0}}.nav-list-item-header .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .icon{color:#4e4e4e;position:absolute;top:18px;right:0}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .icon{font-size:20px;top:33px;right:20px;transition:color .2s}}.nav-list-item-header .view-all,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all{font-size:9px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#35353a;padding-right:27px;position:absolute;top:16px;right:5px;cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header .view-all,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all{top:17px}}.nav-list-item-header .view-all .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all .icon{font-size:20px;color:#35353a;top:0}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header .view-all .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all .icon{right:0}}.nav-list-item-header .view-all:hover,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all:hover{color:#1f1f24}.nav-list-item-header .view-all:hover .icon,.nav-list-sublist-header .view-all:hover .icon{color:#1f1f24}.nav-list-item-header{line-height:16px}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header{height:89px;margin:0}}.nav-list-item-header .icon-navigation-detail,.nav-list-item-header .icon-navigation-arrow{display:none}.nav-list-item-header:hover .icon{color:#007268}.nav-list-item-header-type{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#1f1f24;position:absolute;top:10px;left:14px;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header-type{display:block}}.nav-list-item-header-title{height:50px;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-header-title{width:110px;height:89px;padding:0 50px 0 15px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item-header-title{width:135px}}.nav-list-item-dropdown{max-height:135px;overflow:auto;display:none;box-shadow:inset 0 -10px 5px -5px #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-dropdown{max-height:none;padding:20px;border:1px solid #e6e6e9;border-top:0;background-color:#fff;position:absolute;top:89px;left:0;overflow:visible;box-shadow:none}}.nav-list-item-jscroll{overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-jscroll{overflow:auto}}.nav-list-parent-topics{display:none;cursor:pointer}.nav-list-sublist-header.nav-list-sublist-header-gray{font-size:13px;color:#35353a}.nav-list-sublist{padding:10px 0;border-top:1px solid #fff}.nav-list-sublist-item,.nav-list-sublist-link{font-size:11px;color:#35353a;padding:9px 20px}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-list-sublist-item,.nav-list-sublist-link{font-size:13px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-sublist-item,.nav-list-sublist-link{padding:9px 0}}.nav-list-sublist-item:hover,.nav-list-sublist-link:hover{color:#000}.nav-list-sublist-item.sponsored,.nav-list-sublist-link.sponsored{color:#007268}.nav-list-sublist-item.sponsored:hover,.nav-list-sublist-link.sponsored:hover{color:#15312D}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites,.nav-list-item-all-sites{width:240px}}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header{font-size:14px}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header{font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header{font-size:17px;line-height:22px;color:#fff;font-weight:700;background-color:#007268}}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header a,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header a{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .icon,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header .icon{color:#fff;top:34px;right:10px}}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover{color:#007268}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header-title,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header-title{width:190px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-dropdown,.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-dropdown{left:-120px;width:318px;padding:20px;margin:0}}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover{color:#1f1f24}.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header.searchdatacenteres .icon-arrow-down{display:none}.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-child-sites:first-child{display:none}.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-parent-sites{display:block}.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-child-sites{display:none}.nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-parent-sites{cursor:pointer}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-topics{position:absolute;left:360px;top:51px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:311px;padding:20px;left:-1px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:361px}}.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown.infotype .nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-child-topics:first-child{display:none}.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown.infotype .nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-parent-topics{display:block}.nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-child-topics{position:relative}.nav-list-sublist-header-topics{cursor:auto;line-height:20px;width:100%;height:50px;padding:0 90px 0 20px;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-sublist-header-topics{padding-left:0}}.nav-list-child-topics{display:none}.nav-list-item-jscroll .nav-list-child-topics:first-child{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-sections{position:absolute;left:536px;top:51px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item-sections{left:561px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:311px;padding:20px;margin:0;left:-177px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:361px;left:-202px}}.desktop-fixed-search{display:none}.nav-social{text-align:center;height:60px}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-social{height:50px;padding-left:15px;border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;position:absolute;top:0;right:12px}}.nav-social-item{margin:0 1px;display:inline-block}.nav-social-item a{color:#35353a}.nav-social-item a:hover{color:#007268}.nav-social-item .icon{font-size:35px;line-height:60px;top:2px}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-social-item .icon{line-height:50px}}.header_v2 .nav-links{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){.header_v2 .nav-links{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links{padding-right:10px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links li:first-child{border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9;margin-right:10px;padding-right:10px}}@media (min-width:960px) and (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-links li:first-child{margin-right:15px;padding-right:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-links li:first-child a{border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9;padding-right:10px;margin-right:10px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links li:first-child a{border:0;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links li:last-child a{padding-right:0;margin-right:0}}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content{display:none;margin-right:10px;padding-right:10px;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content{margin-right:15px;padding-right:15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content{display:block}}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .icon-arrow-down{right:-2px;display:inline-block;min-width:11px}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #e6e6e9;border-top:0;display:none;margin-left:-6px;margin-top:0;position:absolute;width:118px;padding-top:0}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown{margin-left:-11px;width:125px}}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist{padding:0 5px 10px}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{border-right:0;color:#008bc1;cursor:pointer;height:auto;line-height:15px;margin-right:0;padding:0;width:108px;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:5px;transition:background-color .2s}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{width:117px}}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li:hover{background-color:#007268}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li:hover a{color:#fff}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{text-transform:none;padding:5px;display:block}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content.hovered .more-content-dropdown{display:block}.header_v2 .nav-links li.more-content a{border:0;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-user{right:153px;padding-right:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-user a:first-child .nav-user-action,.header_v2 .nav-user .icon{border-right:0;padding-right:7px;margin-right:-5px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-user a:first-child .nav-user-action,.header_v2 .nav-user .icon{padding-right:5px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-user a:first-child .nav-user-action,.header_v2 .nav-user .icon{padding-right:10px}}.header_v2 .nav-user .icon{color:#007268;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9}.header_v2 .nav-user .register{border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;padding-left:10px;margin-left:5px;color:#fff;transition:background-color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-user .register{padding-left:7px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-user .register{padding-left:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-user .register:hover span{background-color:#15312D}.header_v2 .nav-user .register span{padding:5px 13px;margin:0;border:0;background-color:#007268;color:#fff;transition:background-color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-user .register span{padding:5px 10px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-user .register span{padding:5px 13px}}.header_v2 .nav-social{right:10px}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item{margin:0;min-width:28px}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon{font-size:28px;color:#007268;transition:color .2s}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon:hover{color:#15312D}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon.x_logo{font-size:15px;top:-4px;left:-2px}.header_v2 .nav-social .nav-social-item.title{font-size:12px;color:#35353a;margin-right:5px}.header_v2 .nav-list-item.hovered .nav-list-item-dropdown{display:block}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-searchsites{width:189px;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-searchsites{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics{left:309px;width:200px;border-right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-header{padding:10px 0 0 20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-header .icon{top:10px;right:115px;font-size:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-type{position:static}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{padding:0 20px 0 0;display:block;height:49px;width:auto;overflow:hidden;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-topics .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:280px;padding:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections{left:535px;width:200px;border-right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header{padding:10px 0 0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header .icon{top:10px;right:105px;font-size:15px}}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-type{position:static}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{padding:0 20px 0 0;display:block;height:49px;width:165px;overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{width:auto}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-sections .nav-list-item-dropdown{left:-27px;width:280px}}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-header-type{color:#35353a}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown{padding:0}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist{padding:0}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{font-size:14px;margin:0 10px 10px;padding:5px 10px;transition:color .2s;transition:background-color .2s}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#007268}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{word-wrap:break-word;display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown.nav-list-sublist{padding:0}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown.nav-list-sublist li{font-size:14px;margin:0 10px 10px;padding:5px 10px;transition:color .2s;transition:background-color .2s}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown.nav-list-sublist li:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#007268}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-dropdown.nav-list-sublist li a{word-wrap:break-word;display:block}}.header_v2 .nav-list-sublist-item.view-all{color:#007268}.header_v2 .header-search{top:60px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search{display:block!important;right:57px;top:73px;max-width:450px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .header-search{width:555px;top:71px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search .header-search-toggle{display:none}}.header_v2 .header-search-input{font-size:13px;height:45px;background-color:#fff;color:#35353a;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9;line-height:normal}@media (min-width:640px){.header_v2 .header-search-input{font-size:15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-input{border:2px solid #f2f2f2;padding:0 14px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v2 .header-search-input{padding:0 20px;font-size:17px}}.header_v2 .header-search-input:focus{color:#1f1f24;outline:0}.header_v2 .header-search-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#35353a}.header_v2 .header-search-input:-moz-placeholder{color:#35353a}.header_v2 .header-search-input::-moz-placeholder{color:#35353a}.header_v2 .header-search-input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#35353a}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-toggle{display:none}}.header_v2 .header-search-submit{width:60px;height:60px;border-left:1px solid #6AC4C0;background-color:#007268;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;display:none;transition:background-color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-submit{width:45px;height:45px;border:0;z-index:4;right:-45px;display:block}}.header_v2 .header-search-submit:focus{outline:0}.header_v2 .header-search-submit.selected{background-color:#015944}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-submit.selected{background-color:transparent}}.header_v2 .header-search-submit>.icon{font-size:45px;color:#fff;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-submit>.icon{position:absolute;top:0;right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .header-search-submit:hover{background-color:#15312D}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2.fr .nav-user{right:231px}}.header_v2.fr .nav-user-action.cookies{padding-left:12px;margin-left:5px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search{max-width:450px}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item.hovered .nav-list-item-dropdown{display:block}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-dropdown,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-dropdown{padding:20px}.header_logged_in_icon{font-size:14px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_logged_in_icon{top:2px}}@media (min-width:960px){.nav-list-item-jscroll{max-height:500px}}.header_v2 .nav-social,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-social{font-size:0;z-index:11;background-color:#fff}.header_v2 .nav-rss,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-rss{border-right:0!important}.header_v2 .nav-user,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-user{background-color:#fff;padding-left:10px;z-index:999999!important}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links{height:50px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-links>ul,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links>ul{height:50px}}.header_v2 .nav-list-item-all-sites.hovered .icon-arrow-down:before,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item-all-sites.hovered .icon-arrow-down:before{content:"3"}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item-header .icon:hover{color:#fff}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2 .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-jscroll,.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-list-item-all-sites .nav-list-item-jscroll{height:270px;max-height:270px}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon.x_logo{font-size:15px;top:-4px;left:-2px}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-social .nav-social-item .bluesky_icon{width:19px;height:19px;display:block;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;filter:invert(34%) sepia(59%) saturate(265%) hue-rotate(173deg) brightness(99%) contrast(89%);top:0}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-social .nav-social-item .bluesky_icon:hover{filter:invert(11%) sepia(12%) saturate(6%) hue-rotate(353deg) brightness(96%) contrast(78%)}.header.header_v2,.header.header_v2-keep-nav,.header{position:static;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100}@media (min-width:960px){.header.header_v2,.header.header_v2-keep-nav,.header{top:-50px}}.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{}@media (min-width:960px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:60px}}@media (min-width:1000px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:100px}}@media (min-width:1050px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:150px}}@media (min-width:1100px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:200px}}@media (min-width:1150px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:250px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:300px}}@media (min-width:1250px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:350px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header.header_v2 .header-search,.header.header_v2-keep-nav .header-search,.header .header-search{width:555px}}.header-leaderboard{height:70px;width:100%}@media (min-width:960px){.header-leaderboard{height:110px}}.header-leaderboard #leaderboard{height:90px;width:728px;left:0;right:0}@media (min-width:960px){#microsite .header.header_v2,#microsite .header.header_v2-keep-nav,#microsite .header{top:0}}#microsite .header-leaderboard,#microsite .cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile,#microsite .cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop{display:none}#micrositePromo .header-leaderboard,#micrositePromo .cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile,#micrositePromo .cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop,#article .header-leaderboard,#article .cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile,#article .cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop{display:none}.header_v2.es .nav-user{position:relative;right:-12px}@media (min-width:640px){.header_v2.es .nav-user{position:absolute;right:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2.es .nav-user{right:135px}}.header_v2.es a.nav-join-pro{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:640px){.header_v2.es a.nav-join-pro{border:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2.es .nav-list-item-header.searchdatacenteres .nav-list-item-header-title{padding-left:10px}}.header_v3{height:50px;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3{height:140px;background:#fff;padding-bottom:0;top:-30px;border-bottom:0}}.header_v3 .header-logo{height:50px;left:50%;transform:translate(-50.1%,0);right:auto;width:calc(100% - 100px);display:flex;align-content:center;justify-content:center;align-items:center;text-align:left}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo{left:0;transform:none;right:60px;width:120px;height:109px;top:30px;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box}}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile{display:block;text-align:left;font-size:13px;position:static;top:0;padding-left:108px;height:17px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile{display:none}}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile span{display:inline;font-size:15px}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile span:first-child{border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;padding-left:12px}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-search,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-1{font-weight:400;color:#35353a;font-size:15px}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-2,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-3,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile .logo-4{display:inline;margin-right:3px;color:#35353a}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile.searchvmware .logo-1{font-weight:700}.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile.searchvmware .logo-2,.header_v3 .header-logo .header-logo-mobile.searchvmware .logo-3{display:inline-block}.header_v3 .header-logo svg#techtarget-logo{height:30px;width:55px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo svg#techtarget-logo{position:relative;top:auto;width:84px;height:44px}}.header_v3 .header-logo svg#techtarget-logo .cls-5,.header_v3 .header-logo svg#techtarget-logo path{fill:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo:after{content:"";width:0;position:absolute;left:115px;top:30px;height:50px;border-right:1px solid #cef0ee}}.header_v3 .nav-toggle,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle{border:0;height:50px;width:50px;padding:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-toggle,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle{display:none}}.header_v3 .nav-toggle.selected,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle.selected{background-color:#fff}.header_v3 .nav-toggle.selected .icon,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle.selected .icon{color:#7a7a80}.header_v3 .nav-toggle .icon,.header_v3 .header-search-toggle .icon{color:#7a7a80;font-size:34px}.header_v3 .header-search-toggle .icon{font-size:37px;top:2px}.header_v3 .nav,.header_v3 .header-search{top:50px}.header_v3 .nav:before,.header_v3 .header-search:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:-9px;left:15px;border-left:10px solid transparent;border-right:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid #fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav:before,.header_v3 .header-search:before{display:none}}.header_v3 .nav input:focus,.header_v3 .header-search input:focus{outline:0}.header_v3 .nav{height:calc(100% - 120px);position:fixed;top:120px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav{height:140px;padding-top:30px;background-color:#f2f2f2;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9;padding-left:120px;overflow:visible;top:50px;position:static}}.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9;margin-bottom:10px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links{border:0;margin:0}}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;flex-direction:column;height:calc(100% - 60px);overflow:scroll}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-top{height:100%;overflow-y:scroll;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-top .nav-list-item-dropdown{max-height:none}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-top .nav-list-item-topics{border:0}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-mid{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper .nav-wrapper-mid .nav-links>a{height:auto}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper-bot{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;align-items:center}.header_v3 .nav.add-height{height:calc(100% - 50px);top:50px}.header_v3 .header-search:before{left:auto;right:15px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search{top:0;height:30px;width:215px;right:125px;border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9;display:block}}.header_v3 .header-search-input{color:#35353a;font-size:13px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search-input{height:30px;font-size:11px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:35px}}.header_v3 .header-search-submit{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search-submit{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:2px}}.header_v3 .header-search-submit .icon{transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search-submit .icon{font-size:24px;color:#7a7a80}}.header_v3 .header-search-submit .icon:hover{color:#7a7a80}.header_v3 .nav-links{background-color:#f2f2f2;margin:0;font-size:12px;padding:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links{height:30px;font-size:11px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links ul{overflow:visible}}.header_v3 .nav-links li{float:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li{line-height:30px;float:left}}.header_v3 .nav-links li a{text-transform:none;color:#35353a;border:0}.header_v3 .nav-links li a:hover{color:#1f1f24}.header_v3 .nav-links li:first-child a{padding-right:20px;margin-right:20px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li:first-child a{border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content{position:relative}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content:hover .more-content-dropdown{display:block}}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content:hover a,.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content:hover a .icon-arrow-down{color:#15312D}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown{display:none;position:absolute;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 8px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);width:130px;left:-5px;padding-bottom:15px}}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist{padding:0;border:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{padding:0;margin:5px;float:none;line-height:normal;white-space:normal}}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{color:#35353a;display:block;width:100%;height:100%;transition:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{color:#007268;padding:5px;box-sizing:border-box}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .more-content-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a:hover{background-color:#007268;color:#fff}}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content .icon-arrow-down{position:relative;top:2px;left:2px;color:#35353a;transition:color .2s}.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content>a{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links li.more-content>a{display:block}}.header_v3 .nav-links>a{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;font-size:13px;color:#007268;position:relative;padding:15px 20px;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links>a{display:none;padding:0}}.header_v3 .nav-links>a.selected:after{content:"-";right:23px}.header_v3 .nav-links>a:after{content:"+";position:absolute;right:20px;font-size:22px;line-height:18px;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links>a:after{display:none}}.header_v3 .nav-links>ul{display:none}.header_v3 .nav-links>ul.mobile-show{display:block;padding:0 20px 15px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-links>ul{display:block}}.header_v3 .nav-user{position:static;padding-left:20px;float:left;font-size:13px;line-height:30px;height:auto}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user{position:absolute;padding-left:0;float:none;right:20px;height:30px;line-height:30px;font-size:11px;color:#35353a;top:0;bottom:auto;left:auto}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user a:last-child .nav-user-action{border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;padding-left:10px;margin-left:5px}}.header_v3 .nav-user a.register{padding-left:7px;border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;margin-left:5px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user a.register{padding-left:10px;margin-left:5px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user a.register:hover .nav-user-action{color:#1f1f24}}.header_v3 .nav-user a.register .nav-user-action{background:#007268;padding:6px 10px;color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user a.register .nav-user-action{background:#f2f2f2;color:#35353a;padding:0;margin:0;border:0}}.header_v3 .nav-user .header_logged_in_icon{margin-right:10px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user .header_logged_in_icon{border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9;padding-right:10px;margin-right:5px}}.header_v3 .nav-user-action{text-transform:none;color:#35353a;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-user-action{padding-left:8px}}.header_v3 .nav-user-action:hover{color:#1f1f24}.header_v3 .nav-social{height:auto;float:right;padding-right:15px;background-color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-social{height:30px;top:35px;right:14px;border:0;z-index:9;padding-right:0;float:none}}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item{margin:0 3px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item.title{font-size:11px;color:#35353a;position:relative;top:-5px;margin:0}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon{font-size:26px;line-height:30px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item .icon.x_logo{font-size:15px;top:-3px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item .youtube_icon{font-size:15px;top:-2px;left:1px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item .tiktok_icon{font-size:15px;top:-3px;left:9px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item:nth-child(3) .icon{left:-2px}.header_v3 .nav-social .nav-social-item:last-child .icon{left:5px}.header_v3 .nav-list{border:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list{background-color:#fff;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e9;box-sizing:border-box;height:100%}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item{height:100%}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites{display:block;width:auto;float:left;margin-right:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header{height:100%;font-size:17px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{padding-right:20px;padding-left:15px;width:auto;height:108px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-search,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-1{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:#fff;display:block;margin-bottom:-4px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-2,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-3{display:block;line-height:22px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header.searchvmware .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-1{font-weight:700}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header.searchvmware .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-1,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header.searchvmware .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-2{display:inline-block}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics{position:relative;left:auto;top:auto;width:auto;border:0;box-sizing:border-box;display:table;padding-top:45px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics{width:1040px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul{padding:0;display:table;display:flex;flex-direction:row;max-width:790px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul{max-width:1040px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li{font-size:13px;font-weight:700}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li{height:50px;border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;font-size:15px;padding:5px 20px 0;max-width:200px;box-sizing:border-box;padding-top:22px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li{min-width:120px;max-width:none}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li:first-child{border:0;padding-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li:last-child{width:150px;flex-shrink:0}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.active a{color:#007268}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more{position:relative;font-weight:400;padding-top:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more{font-weight:700;padding-top:22px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more:hover .nav-list-item-dropdown{display:block}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more:hover>a,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more:hover>a .icon-arrow-down{color:#007268}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a{padding-top:9px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a{padding-top:0}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a:hover{color:#35353a}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a:hover{color:#007268}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a .icon{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more>a .icon{display:inline}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown{box-shadow:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown{width:130px;top:47px;padding:0 0 15px;left:10px;border:0;box-shadow:0 8px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2)}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist{padding:0;border:0}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{padding:9px 0;margin:0;font-size:13px;font-weight:700}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{margin:5px;padding:0;font-size:13px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{transition:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a{padding:5px;box-sizing:border-box}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li a:hover{background-color:#007268;color:#fff}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown.mobile-show{display:block}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown.mobile-show+a:after{content:"-";right:23px}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown+a:after{content:"+";position:absolute;right:20px;font-size:22px;line-height:18px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown+a:after{display:none}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li a{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li a:hover,.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li a:hover .icon-arrow-down{color:#007268}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li .icon-arrow-down{position:relative;left:2px;top:2px;color:#35353a;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links{left:0;background-color:#fff;top:16px}}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li:first-child a{padding-right:10px;margin-right:10px;border:0}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li:hover a{color:#15312D}.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li a{color:#35353a}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li a{color:#007268}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li a:hover{color:#15312D}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links>ul{white-space:nowrap}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links>ul>li{display:inline-block;float:none}}#home.corporate .site-container .header_v3,#home.corporate .site-container .header_v3#page-header,#home.corporate .site-container .header_v2-keep-nav .header_v3-whatis,.site-container .header_v3,.site-container .header_v3#page-header,.site-container .header_v2-keep-nav .header_v3-whatis{margin-top:36px}@media (min-width:640px){#home.corporate .site-container .header_v3,#home.corporate .site-container .header_v3#page-header,#home.corporate .site-container .header_v2-keep-nav .header_v3-whatis,.site-container .header_v3,.site-container .header_v3#page-header,.site-container .header_v2-keep-nav .header_v3-whatis{margin-top:36px}}@media (min-width:960px){#home.corporate .site-container .header_v3,#home.corporate .site-container .header_v3#page-header,#home.corporate .site-container .header_v2-keep-nav .header_v3-whatis,.site-container .header_v3,.site-container .header_v3#page-header,.site-container .header_v2-keep-nav .header_v3-whatis{margin-top:0}}#home.corporate .site-container .explore-mobile.mobile-banner,.site-container .explore-mobile.mobile-banner{background:#525a5c;font-size:11px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:#fff;padding:10px 0;text-align:center;margin-bottom:-36px;box-sizing:border-box;height:36px}@media (min-width:640px){#home.corporate .site-container .explore-mobile.mobile-banner,.site-container .explore-mobile.mobile-banner{margin-bottom:-36px;font-size:11px}}#home.corporate .site-container .explore-mobile.mobile-banner:hover,.site-container .explore-mobile.mobile-banner:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}#home.corporate .site-container .explore-mobile.mobile-banner:after,.site-container .explore-mobile.mobile-banner:after{position:relative;display:inline-block;left:5px;content:"";background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;width:10px;height:10px}#home.corporate .site-container .nav-wrapper-mid .nav-links .informa-logo,#home.corporate .site-container .nav-wrapper-mid .nav-links .explore,.site-container .nav-wrapper-mid .nav-links .informa-logo,.site-container .nav-wrapper-mid .nav-links .explore{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3,.header_v3-whatis{top:-36px;height:145px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo,.header_v3-whatis .header-logo{top:35px;height:110px}}.header_v3 .nav,.header_v3-whatis .nav{top:156px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav,.header_v3-whatis .nav{background:#525a5c;height:146px;padding-top:35px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links{background:#525a5c;display:flex;width:100%;left:0;align-items:center;height:36px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>ul>li:first-child a,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>ul>li:first-child a{border-right:0;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.6);padding-right:10px;margin-right:10px;padding-left:16px;margin-left:16px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a{display:block;width:auto;line-height:30px;color:#fff}}.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.informa-logo,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.informa-logo{overflow:hidden;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;padding-left:16px;display:flex;margin-left:32px;align-items:center;min-width:16px;height:16px}.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.informa-logo:hover span,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.informa-logo:hover span{padding-left:4px;opacity:1;max-width:200px}.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.informa-logo span,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.informa-logo span{font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block;max-width:0;transition:max-width .5s ease-in-out,opacity .5s ease-in-out,padding-left .5s ease-in-out;opacity:0}.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.explore,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.explore{display:none;line-height:20px;height:20px;display:block;font-size:11px;padding-right:15px;margin-right:32px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.explore,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.explore{display:inline-block;margin-left:auto}}.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.explore:hover,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.explore:hover{border-bottom:1px solid #fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.explore:after,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.explore:after{position:absolute;right:0;top:5px;display:block;content:"";background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;width:10px;height:10px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.explore-mobile,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.explore-mobile{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.explore-network,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links>a.explore-network{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links li a,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links li a{color:#fff}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav>.nav-links li a:hover,.header_v3-whatis .nav>.nav-links li a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px;color:#fff}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-user,.header_v3-whatis .nav .nav-user{top:52px;right:30px}}.header_v3 .nav .nav-user a.register,.header_v3-whatis .nav .nav-user a.register{border-radius:4px;background-color:#33d7c8;margin-left:10px;padding:8px 10px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-user a.register,.header_v3-whatis .nav .nav-user a.register{border:0;display:inline-block;line-height:1;transition:background-color .2s}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-user a.register:hover,.header_v3-whatis .nav .nav-user a.register:hover{background-color:#80edda}}.header_v3 .nav .nav-user a.register .nav-user-action,.header_v3-whatis .nav .nav-user a.register .nav-user-action{color:#0a0a0a;background:0}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-user a:last-child .nav-user-action,.header_v3-whatis .nav .nav-user a:last-child .nav-user-action{border:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-user .header_logged_in_icon,.header_v3-whatis .nav .nav-user .header_logged_in_icon{padding-right:12px;margin-right:-6px}}.header_v3 .nav .nav-wrapper,.header_v3-whatis .nav .nav-wrapper{height:calc(100% - 93px)}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-search,.header_v3-whatis .header-search{top:52px;border:1px solid #e3e3e3;right:158px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav-social,.header_v3-whatis .nav-social{display:none}}.header_v2-keep-nav{margin-top:36px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav{margin-top:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav{margin-top:36px}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner{background:#525a5c;display:flex;width:100%;left:0;align-items:center;height:36px;top:-36px;padding:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>ul>li:first-child a{border-right:0;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.6);padding-right:10px;margin-right:10px;padding-left:16px;margin-left:16px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a{display:block;width:auto;line-height:30px;color:#fff}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.informa-logo{overflow:hidden;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;padding-left:16px;display:none;margin-left:32px;align-items:center;min-width:16px;height:16px;margin-right:-16px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.informa-logo{display:flex}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.informa-logo:hover span{padding-left:4px;opacity:1;max-width:200px}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.informa-logo span{font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block;max-width:0;transition:max-width .5s ease-in-out,opacity .5s ease-in-out,padding-left .5s ease-in-out;opacity:0;margin-right:16px}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.explore{display:none;line-height:20px;height:20px;font-size:11px;padding-right:15px;margin-right:32px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.explore{display:inline-block;margin-left:auto;position:relative}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.explore:hover{border-bottom:1px solid #fff}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.explore:after{position:absolute;right:0;top:5px;display:block;content:"";background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat;width:10px;height:10px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.explore-mobile{display:none}}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner>a.explore-network{display:none}.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner li a{font-weight:700}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner li a{text-transform:none;border:0;font-weight:400}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner li a{color:#fff}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v2-keep-nav .nav-links.banner li a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px;color:#fff}}.header_v3-whatis{margin-top:36px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3-whatis{margin-top:0}}.header_v3-whatis .nav-links>a.informa-logo{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3-whatis .nav-links>a.informa-logo{margin-right:-16px;display:flex}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3-whatis .nav-links>a.informa-logo span{margin-right:16px}}.header_v3-whatis .nav-links>a.explore{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3-whatis .nav-links>a.explore{position:relative;display:inline-block}}@media (min-width:960px){#home.corporate .header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.informa-logo{display:flex}}@media (min-width:960px){#home.corporate .header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.explore-network,#home.corporate .header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a.explore-mobile{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){#home.corporate .header_v3 .nav>.nav-links>a{line-height:20px!important}}@media (min-width:960px){#home.corporate .header_v3 .header-search,#hub .header_v3 .header-search,#contributor-alpha .header_v3 .header-search,#contributor-year .header_v3 .header-search,#about .header_v3 .header-search,#newsListing .header_v3 .header-search{right:158px!important;top:52px!important;width:215px!important}}@media (min-width:960px){#home.corporate .header_v3 .nav .nav-user,#hub .header_v3 .nav .nav-user,#contributor-alpha .header_v3 .nav .nav-user,#contributor-year .header_v3 .nav .nav-user,#about .header_v3 .nav .nav-user{top:52px}}#home.corporate .homepage-header{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){#microsite .header_v3,#article .header_v3{height:140px!important}}#microsite .header_v3 .nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title span,#article .header_v3 .nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title span{font-weight:700!important}#microsite .header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links,#article .header_v3 .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links{display:none}.no-scroll{touch-action:none;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:none;overflow:hidden;overscroll-behavior:none}#home.corporate header#page-header{margin-top:36px}techtarget-informa-banner{margin-bottom:-36px}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo{background-size:contain;z-index:10;height:30px;width:171px;border:0;top:58px;left:15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .header-logo:after{border-right:0}}.header_v3 .header-logo svg{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav{padding-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item{border-right:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-searchsites .nav-list-item-header{min-width:205px}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics .nav-links li a{color:#35353a}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li{font-size:13px;color:#35353a;font-weight:400;border:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item.nav-list-item-topics>ul>li.more .nav-list-item-dropdown .nav-list-sublist li{font-weight:400}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item .nav-list-item-header{background:#fff}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title{background:#fff;height:auto;position:relative;top:63px;color:#35353a}}@media (min-width:960px){.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-search,.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-1,.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-2,.header_v3 .nav .nav-list-item .nav-list-item-header .nav-list-item-header-title .logo-3{display:inline;color:#35353a;font-size:17px;font-weight:700}}@media (min-width:960px){#home.corporate .header_v3 .nav{background:#fff}}.ad{margin:0 auto}.ad-ist{display:none}.ad-lb{width:728px;height:90px;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-lb{display:block}}.ad-mb{width:300px;height:50px}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-mb{display:none}}.ad-mbt{width:300px;height:90px;display:none}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-mbt{display:block}}.ad-hp{width:300px;min-height:250px;display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-hp{display:block}}.ad-mu{width:300px;min-height:250px;margin-bottom:40px;position:relative}.ad-pr{width:800px;height:45px;display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-pr{display:block}}.header-leaderboard .ad{padding:10px 0}@media (min-width:960px){.header-leaderboard .ad{padding:15px 0}}.header-leaderboard.ad-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.header-leaderboard.ad-desktop{display:block;background-color:#f2f2f2}}.header-leaderboard.ad-mobile{background-color:#1f1f24}@media (min-width:960px){.header-leaderboard.ad-mobile{display:none;background-color:#1f1f24}}.page-header-ad{position:absolute;right:0;z-index:1;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.page-header-ad.ad-desktop-w{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.page-header-ad.ad-desktop-duo{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.page-header-ad.ad-desktop-duo .ad-mu{display:none}}.ad-inline{margin:0 -30px}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-inline{margin:0}}.ad-inline .ad{padding:10px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-inline.ad-mobile-x{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-inline.ad-mobile{display:none}}.ad-inline.ad-tablets{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-inline.ad-tablets{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-inline.ad-tablets{display:none}}.ad-inline.ad-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-inline.ad-desktop{display:block}}.ad-inline.ad-desktop-w{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-inline.ad-desktop-w{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.ad-inline.ad-x-desktop-w{display:none}}.ad-embedded{margin:0 -30px;padding:10px 0;background-color:#f2f2f2}@media (min-width:640px){.ad-embedded{border-left:20px solid #fff;float:right;padding:0;margin:0 0 20px 20px}}.ad-embedded.no-float{background:0;float:none;margin:0}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-embedded .ad-mu{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-embedded .ad-hp{display:block}}#content-right .ad-embedded{float:none;border:0;margin:20px 0 40px}.no-float .ad{margin:1.5em auto}.float-mask{display:none;float:right;width:312px;background:#fff}@media (min-width:1280px){.float-mask{width:100px;margin-bottom:40px}}.nav-pro-callout,.body-pro-callout{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){.nav-pro-callout,.body-pro-callout{display:block}}.nav-pro-callout{position:absolute;top:0;left:20px;height:50px}.body-pro-callout{width:1200px;padding-top:60px;margin:0 auto;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9;background:#fff}#home .body-pro-callout{margin-top:-40px;padding-top:0}.body-pro-callout-inner{margin:0 40px;padding:20px 0;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e9}#magNav .body-pro-callout,#ezineDetail .body-pro-callout,#ezineDetailLogin .body-pro-callout,#ebookChapter .body-pro-callout,#ebookChapterLogin .body-pro-callout,#ebookDetail .body-pro-callout,#ebookDetailLogin .body-pro-callout,#eproductsNav .body-pro-callout{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:40px;padding-top:0}#magNav .body-pro-callout-inner,#ezineDetail .body-pro-callout-inner,#ezineDetailLogin .body-pro-callout-inner,#ebookChapter .body-pro-callout-inner,#ebookChapterLogin .body-pro-callout-inner,#ebookDetail .body-pro-callout-inner,#ebookDetailLogin .body-pro-callout-inner,#eproductsNav .body-pro-callout-inner{border:0}.cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile{background-color:#1f1f24;width:100%;height:70px}@media (min-width:960px){.cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile{display:none}}.cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop{display:block;background:transparent;width:100%;height:110px}}.ad-wrapper .ad>div{position:relative}.ad-wrapper .ad>div:before,#interstitial.ad>div>div:before,.ad.ad-mu>div:before{content:"ADVERTISEMENT";font-size:8px;position:absolute;top:-10px;left:calc(50% - 34px);text-transform:uppercase;color:#35353a}#interstitial.ad>div>div:before{top:5px;color:#fff;background-color:#000}.ad-wrapper.header-leaderboard .ad>div:before{color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.ad-wrapper.header-leaderboard .ad>div:before{color:#35353a}}#content-right #mu-top{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){#content-right #mu-top{display:block}}.actions-bar{padding-bottom:18px;position:absolute;top:31px;left:-40px;z-index:10;list-style:none}@media (min-width:640px){.actions-bar{left:-60px}}@media (min-width:960px){.actions-bar{display:none}}.actions-bar li:last-child:after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;content:"";border-right:20px solid #ccc;border-bottom:18px solid transparent}.actions-bar .actions-bar-share,.actions-bar .actions-bar-chapters,.actions-bar .actions-bar-resources{display:none}.locking-left-bar .share-bar-desktop,.actions-bar .share-bar-desktop,.ezine-article .share-bar-desktop,.pillar-nav .share-bar-desktop{display:none;float:none;margin-right:0;width:30px;margin-left:0}@media (min-width:640px){.locking-left-bar .share-bar-desktop,.actions-bar .share-bar-desktop,.ezine-article .share-bar-desktop,.pillar-nav .share-bar-desktop{width:40px}}@media (min-width:960px){.locking-left-bar .share-bar-desktop,.actions-bar .share-bar-desktop,.ezine-article .share-bar-desktop,.pillar-nav .share-bar-desktop{margin-left:-65px;display:block;background:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:50px}}.resources-bar-header{padding:25px 20px 15px 0}.related-bar-header{padding:25px 20px 15px 0}.resources-bar-item,.related-bar-item{padding:15px 0;list-style:none;font-size:12px}.resources-bar-item span,.related-bar-item span{display:block;color:#35353a;font-weight:400}.resources-bar-item.see-more a,.related-bar-item.see-more a{color:#35353a;font-size:14px;text-align:center;display:block}.locking-left-bar{position:relative}.share-bar-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.share-bar-desktop{width:170px;text-align:center;padding:25px 0 15px;list-style:none;white-space:nowrap;display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){.share-bar-desktop{width:200px}}.share-bar-item-desktop{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}.share-bar-item-desktop a{font-size:25px}.share-bar-item-desktop .count{display:block;font-size:9px;color:#35353a;text-align:center}.share-bar-item-desktop.share-bar-title{display:none}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg{position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg{display:block}}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content{padding:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2{display:block;margin:0;color:#007268;font-size:24px;line-height:1em;margin-bottom:10px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p{margin:0;color:#1f1f24;font-size:15px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content p.sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p.sign-up-fine-print{font-size:10px;line-height:1.5em;color:#35353a}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content p.safeHarbor,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p.safeHarbor{margin-top:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-content a,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content a{text-decoration:underline}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-header{position:relative}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form{position:relative;margin:25px 0 20px}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .placeholder,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .placeholder{font-size:24px;color:#35353a;top:12px!important}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield{float:left;padding:0 0 0 15px;margin:0;padding:12px 0 13px 10px;width:64%;color:#35353a;border:1px solid #bbb;font-size:13px;border-radius:4px 0 0 4px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield{height:60px;padding:0;padding-left:16px;font-size:24px;width:75%}}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;padding:12px 0 13px;margin:0 0 0 -1%;width:36%;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:#fff;background:#007268;border:1px solid #007268;font-size:13px;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;transition:background-color .2s}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn:hover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn:hover{background-color:#15312D;border-color:#15312D}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{height:50px;padding:0;font-size:18px;width:25%;letter-spacing:normal}}#content-body #inlineRegistration .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print a{color:#35353a}#inlineRegistrationWrapper{margin-bottom:40px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content{background-color:#f2f2f2;padding:20px 25px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header{clear:both;overflow:hidden}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline{color:#1f1f24;margin-bottom:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header p{color:#35353a}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header p span{color:#1f1f24}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header img{width:100%;margin-bottom:10px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header img{float:right;width:250px;margin-left:40px;margin-bottom:0;max-height:175px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form{clear:both}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form ul{list-style-type:none}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li{margin-top:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li label{font-size:15px;margin-bottom:5px;float:none;width:100%;display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li label{font-size:18px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li select{float:none;width:100%;height:50px;border-radius:4px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit]{background:#b20000;border-radius:4px;width:auto;margin-left:0;position:static;padding:10px 20px;font-size:11px;border:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit]{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit]{font-size:24px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form li input[type=submit]:hover{background-color:#7a0000}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg{padding:10px 0;margin:40px 0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .wrapper-curl,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .wrapper-curl{display:none}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header{margin-bottom:20px}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header{min-height:210px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow{font-size:12px;color:#b20000;margin-bottom:10px;text-transform:uppercase;display:block}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover>img,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover>img{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover>img,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover>img{display:block}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover{box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.631373) 5px 4px 12px -2px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover{width:200px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover-curl,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover .cover-curl{position:absolute;right:0;width:64px;height:43px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content p{font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 li,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 li{margin:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 label{line-height:22px;font-size:15px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input{border-color:#adadad;height:60px;max-width:355px}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input{width:355px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{max-width:355px;height:60px;font-size:16px;white-space:normal}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{margin-bottom:40px;font-size:22px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit],.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{margin-left:195px;width:355px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 select,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 textarea,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 textarea{float:none}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .optInCheckboxes .checkboxList li input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .optInCheckboxes .checkboxList li input{height:auto;width:auto;float:left}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .error p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .error p{margin-left:195px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print{font-size:10px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .error p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .error p{color:#b20000;font-size:12px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step{padding:0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .wrapper-curl,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .wrapper-curl,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .wrapper-curl,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .wrapper-curl{position:absolute;right:0;display:block;top:0;z-index:3}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .ctd-wrapper,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .ctd-wrapper,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .ctd-wrapper,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .ctd-wrapper{background:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 40%,#fff 70%);min-height:260px;padding:40px 20px 20px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content{background-color:#fff}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header{overflow:visible}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .reg-cover{display:none}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>span.headline{margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:10px}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow{background-color:#007268;padding:20px;margin-top:-40px;margin-left:-10px;z-index:1;font-size:14px;color:#fff;text-transform:none}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .eyebrow{font-size:16px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>p,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>p,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header>p{margin-right:0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button{display:block;width:100%;background-color:#b20000;width:100%;margin-top:20px;font-size:14px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button{font-size:22px}}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button:hover,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button:hover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button:hover,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-header .button:hover{background-color:#7a0000}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1{display:none;background-color:#fff}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor{display:none}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-header,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-header,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-header{min-height:0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form{background-color:#fff}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.three-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step #dloWrapper .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in{min-height:0}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1{display:block;background-color:#fff}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .sign-up-fine-print,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content .safeHarbor{display:block}#sdef .sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content #expand-ctd,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg.two-step .sign-up-content #expand-ctd{display:none}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg{margin-bottom:1.5em}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form{background-color:#f2f2f2;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form{margin-top:10px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form>span.headline{font-size:20px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form>span.headline{font-size:26px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h2,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form>span.headline{font-size:30px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h3{font-size:14px;margin-top:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h3{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form h3{display:none}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .meterContainer{margin-bottom:10px;padding:20px 20px 0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .meterContainer .meter{height:24px;width:100%;line-height:24px;border:1px solid #e6e6e9;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .meterContainer .meter .green{height:24px;font-size:12px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form ul{list-style:none}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form ul li{clear:both;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:20px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea{width:100%;padding:0 0 0 10px;margin-bottom:0;border-radius:4px;font-size:13px;color:#35353a;background:#fff;border:1px solid #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea{font-size:21px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea{float:left;width:345px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input.error,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form select.error,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form textarea.error{border:1px solid #b20000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label{margin-bottom:10px;color:#1f1f24;display:block;text-align:left}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label{margin-top:15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label{font-size:16px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form label{float:left;width:175px;text-align:right;margin-right:20px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]{padding:0 20px;transition:background-color .2s;font-size:12px;color:#fff;background:#b20000;height:50px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]:hover{background-color:#7a0000}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]{width:auto;padding:0 25px;margin-top:10px;font-size:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]{font-size:24px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=submit]{margin-left:195px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.logged-in input[type=submit]{margin-left:0}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form input[type=radio]{width:auto;height:auto;float:left;margin:0 10px 0 0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products{padding-top:0;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products{margin-left:195px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products label{font-size:13px;color:#35353a;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:25px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products label{margin-right:0;text-align:left;margin-top:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products label{float:none;width:auto;text-align:left;margin-right:0}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products input[type=radio]{width:auto;height:auto;float:left;margin:0 10px 0 0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products input[type=radio]{margin-right:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radio-related-products input[type=radio]{width:auto}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .filled label{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .filled label{display:block}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .filled input{background-color:#f2f2f2;border:0;font-size:13px;color:#1f1f24;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .filled input{font-size:20px}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radioButtonList,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .checkboxList{border:0;padding:0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radioButtonList li input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .checkboxList li input{float:left;margin-bottom:10px;margin-right:0;width:auto;height:auto;padding:0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .radioButtonList li label,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .checkboxList li label{font-size:13px;margin-left:20px;margin-top:0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error p{color:#b20000;font-size:12px;margin:0;text-align:right}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error p span{color:#35353a}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error p a{color:#b20000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error p a:hover{color:#7a0000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error.submit-error p{font-size:13px;text-align:center;margin-top:15px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .onereg-error.submit-error p{float:left;margin-left:15px;margin-top:25px;text-align:left}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error label{color:#b20000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error input,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error select,.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error textarea{border:1px solid #b20000}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error p{color:#b20000;font-size:12px}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error p{margin-left:195px;clear:both}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error.optInCheckboxes .signupErrors{margin-top:-10px}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error.optInCheckboxes label{color:#1f1f24}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .default-list{margin-left:0}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form #inlineRegProcessing{text-align:left;margin:25px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form #inlineRegProcessing{margin:25px 100px 0;float:left}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing{height:18px;color:#35353a;font-size:14px;display:block;vertical-align:middle}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing .animatedIcon{height:16px;width:16px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:15px 10px 15px -65px}@media (min-width:640px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing .animatedIcon{margin:0 10px 20px -65px}}@media (min-width:960px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing .animatedIcon{margin-top:-5px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .processing .animatedIcon{margin-top:0}}.sign-up-wrapper.cascading-reg .sign-up-content .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form p.declarationOfConsent{clear:both;padding-bottom:15px}.content-continues{text-align:center;color:#35353a;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;display:block}.inline-reg.login-register{position:relative;padding:6px;padding-left:12px;text-align:right;font-size:14px}.inline-reg fieldset{border:0;margin:0;padding:0}.inline-reg ul li{list-style-type:none;line-height:normal}.inline-reg form li{margin-bottom:0}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield{width:100%;border-radius:4px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield{width:75%;font-size:24px;height:60px}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield#inlineRegistration_Address-2{margin-bottom:19px}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield{display:block;font-size:13px;padding:17px 0 13px 13px;border:1px solid #bbb;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px;color:#35353a;line-height:1.1em;border-radius:4px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield{width:75%;font-size:24px;height:60px}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield.no-value{color:#35353a}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield option{color:#1f1f24}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-checkbox-wrapper{clear:both;color:#35353a;font-size:21px;font-weight:200;margin-bottom:19px}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-checkbox-wrapper label{position:relative;top:-6px;display:inline-block;font-size:13px;width:80%}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-checkbox-wrapper label{font-size:21px;width:90%}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-checkbox-wrapper .sign-up-checkboxfield{float:left;height:26px;width:26px;color:#35353a;background:#f2f2f2;border:1px solid #e3e3e3;margin-bottom:19px;margin-right:10px}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{position:relative;border-radius:4px;margin:30px 0 10px;width:100%;clear:both;display:block}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{width:36%}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-selectfield.error,.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-textfield.error{border:1px solid #ea0000;margin-bottom:3px}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-content p.sign-up-error-msg{margin:5px 0;display:block;color:#ea0000;font-size:11px;top:35px;left:30px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-content p.sign-up-error-msg{font-size:12px}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-content p.sign-up-error-msg.hidden{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-header a{display:block;position:relative;top:auto;margin:10px 0 0}}.inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper.page2 .sign-up-form #inlineregEmail input{background-color:#ddd;border:0;color:#1f1f24;padding-left:0}.inline-reg .checkboxList{margin-left:0;text-align:left}.inline-reg .checkboxList li input{float:none;margin:3px 7px 0 0;width:auto;vertical-align:top}.inline-reg .checkboxList li label{display:inline-block;text-align:left;float:none;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;font-weight:400;margin-top:3px;width:220px}.inline-reg #signupErrors{clear:both;margin:20px 0}.inline-reg ul{margin:0}.inline-reg .signupErrors{clear:both;margin:0 0 20px}.inline-reg .signupErrors.hidden{display:none}.inline-reg .error input[type=text]:focus,.inline-reg .error input[type=password]:focus,.inline-reg .error select:focus,.inline-reg .error textarea:focus{outline:0}.inline-reg .processing{height:18px;color:#35353a;font-size:14px;display:block;vertical-align:middle}.inline-reg .processing .animatedIcon{height:16px;width:16px;white-space:nowrap;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:10px}.inline-reg .meterContainer{margin-bottom:30px}.inline-reg .meter,.inline-reg .meterDescription{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-top:20px;line-height:20px}.inline-reg .meter{color:#fff;clear:both;text-align:center;position:relative;margin:0;background-color:#fafafa;box-shadow:inset 1px 1px 2px #d0d0d0;border-radius:3px;width:230px;height:18px;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;margin-top:5px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg .meter{width:350px;height:24px;line-height:24px;margin-top:20px}}.inline-reg .meter #percentage{line-height:18px;font-size:12px;height:18px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg .meter #percentage{line-height:24px;height:24px}}.inline-reg .meter .green{width:0;height:17px;border-radius:3px;position:absolute;display:block;overflow:hidden;text-shadow:0 1px 1px #555;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,0 0,44 44,color-stop(0,rgba(255,255,255,.17)),color-stop(0.25,rgba(255,255,255,.17)),color-stop(0.26,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(0.5,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(0.51,rgba(255,255,255,.17)),color-stop(0.75,rgba(255,255,255,.17)),color-stop(0.76,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(1,rgba(255,255,255,0))),-webkit-gradient(linear,left bottom,left top,color-stop(0,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(1,rgba(255,255,255,.35)));background:-moz-repeating-linear-gradient(top left -30deg,rgba(255,255,255,.17),rgba(255,255,255,.17) 15px,rgba(255,255,255,0) 15px,rgba(255,255,255,0) 30px),-moz-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.25) 0,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);-webkit-background-size:40px 40px;-moz-background-size:40px 40px;background-color:teal;border-bottom:1px solid #007a76}.inline-reg .meterDescription{font-size:16px;margin-right:6px;vertical-align:middle;line-height:18px}.inline-reg .green{height:18px}@media (min-width:640px){.inline-reg .green{height:24px}}.inline-reg .optInCheckboxes{clear:both;margin:10px 0}.inline-reg .optInCheckboxes input{float:left;margin-top:2px}.inline-reg .optInCheckboxes label{display:block;margin-left:20px;font-size:13px;color:#35353a}.eoc_v2 #content-right .rightrail-wrapper{display:none}.eoc_v2.leadIn #content-right .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{display:none}.eoc_v2.leadIn #content-right .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded.sidebarAdLeadIn{display:block}.eoc_v2.frontEndMetering #content-right .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{display:none}.eoc_v2.frontEndMetering #content-right .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded.sidebarAdMetering{display:block}.ezine-article #mu-2-rightrail{display:none}.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #halfpage,.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #mu-2,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #halfpage,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #mu-2{display:none}.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #halfpage-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #mu-2-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #halfpage-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #mu-2-rightrail{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #halfpage-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdMetering #mu-2-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #halfpage-rightrail,.ezine-article .sidebarAdLeadIn #mu-2-rightrail{display:block}}.ezine-article.frontEndMetering #mu-2-rightrail{display:block}.pillar-bridge .ad-bridge-mobile,.pillar-bridge .ad-bridge-desktop{display:none}.pillar-bridge.reg-login .ad-bridge-mobile{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-bridge.reg-login .ad-bridge-mobile{display:none}}.pillar-bridge.reg-login .ad-bridge-desktop{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-bridge.reg-login .ad-bridge-desktop{display:block}}#postreg-splash,.right-rail-overlay-wrapper,.pillar-offer-modal,.collection-offer-modal{display:none}.sign-up-wrapper.inline-reg.sc-smartforms-techtarget .sign-up-content{padding:0}sf-tt-doi-stop-message{margin-bottom:40px;clear:both}#sdef{}#sdef .main-content .content-left{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .content-left{display:block;width:0;padding-top:0;clear:left}#sdef .main-content .content-left .share-bar-desktop{display:block;margin-left:-65px;position:relative;clear:none;overflow:visible}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .content-left{display:block;width:0}}#sdef .main-content .content-left .locking-left-bar{display:block}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .content-center{margin-left:0;margin-right:40px;width:460px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .content-center{width:740px}}#sdef .main-content .content-center p a,#sdef .main-content .content-center .section.definition-section li a{text-decoration:underline}#sdef .main-content .content-center figure{margin:1.5em auto}#sdef #main-content #content-center>div>div>p,#sdef #main-content #content-center>div>div>ul li,#sdef #main-content #content-center>div>div>ol li,#sdef .main-article-chapter p{color:#000}#sdef #content-center .section-title+.main-article-image{margin-top:40px}#sdef .definition-section img:not(.sc-input-component){display:block;height:auto;width:100%;max-width:740px}#sdef .main-content .content-right{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .content-right{margin-left:500px;display:block;margin-top:-60px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .content-right{margin-left:820px;width:300px;float:none}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .content-right .desktop-related-bar,#sdef .main-content .content-right .desktop-resources-bar{width:300px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .content-right .resources-bar.desktop-resources-bar{z-index:999999999;width:300px;margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0!important;position:relative!important;top:0!important;margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .content-right .resources-bar.desktop-resources-bar .primary{margin-top:260px}}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image{margin:0 auto 1.5em;max-height:none}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image{width:460px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image{width:auto;max-width:780px}}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image img{max-height:600px;object-fit:cover;object-position:left top}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image figcaption{position:relative;margin-top:0;width:100%}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image figcaption{box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:0;min-height:50px}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image .main-article-image-enlarge{width:40px;height:40px;top:35px;right:20px}}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image .main-article-image-enlarge .icon{font-size:36px;top:0}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col{max-width:370px;width:100%;height:auto}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col{float:left;margin:0 40px 20px 0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col{float:none}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col{float:left}}#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col img{width:100%}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-content .main-article-image.half-col figcaption{box-sizing:border-box;padding-right:0;min-height:50px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{top:20px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:block!important;clear:both;top:auto;left:auto;float:right;position:static;position:absolute}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .resources-bar-header{font-size:15px;padding-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .resources-bar-header .icon{display:none}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sponsored-news .resources-bar-item.see-more a{text-align:left}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sponsored-news .resources-bar-item.see-more a{text-align:center}}#sdef .share-bar-desktop{display:none;width:30px;margin-left:0}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop{width:40px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop{margin-left:-5px;background:0;padding:0;width:50px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop{clear:both;overflow:hidden;margin-right:0;margin-left:-65px;display:block;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left;position:absolute}}#sdef .share-bar-desktop.fixed{position:fixed;top:180px}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop{display:block;text-align:center}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-facebook{background-color:#3b5998}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-twitter{background-color:#000}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-google{background-color:#db4437}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-linkedin{background-color:#0077b5}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-xing{background-color:#1a7576}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-flipboard{background-color:#e12828}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.contentTools-print,#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.contentTools-email{background-color:#5c5d5d}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.share-bar-title{display:none}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a{color:#fff;font-size:24px;display:block;padding:3px;box-sizing:border-box;min-height:34px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a{font-size:26px;padding:5px;min-height:41px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a{font-size:30px;padding:7px;min-height:49px}}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a .x_logo{font-size:14px;top:-1px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a .x_logo{font-size:18px}}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop a:hover{color:#fff}#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-flipboard a{font-size:18px;padding:8px 3px 4px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-flipboard a{padding:12px 3px 7px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .share-bar-desktop .share-bar-item-desktop.socialMedia-flipboard a{font-size:23px;padding:11px 7px 10px}}#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:0 20px -15px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin-top:5px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:10px auto -5px;width:880px;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .breadcrumbs{width:1200px}}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul{list-style:none}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li{display:inline;padding-right:5px;font-size:11px;color:#35353a}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li:before{content:"\003e";padding-right:7px;color:#35353a}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li:first-child:before{content:"";padding-right:0}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li a{color:#35353a}#sdef .breadcrumbs ul li a:hover{color:#1f1f24;text-decoration:underline}#sdef .top-gradient-bar{height:15px;min-height:15px;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .top-gradient-bar{margin-bottom:-15px}}#sdef .section.definition-section{padding-top:0;min-height:250px;background:0;margin-top:0}#sdef .section.definition-section p{color:#35353a}#sdef .section.definition-section p.sign-up-error-msg{color:#EA0000}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter{background:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:27px}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter .section-title,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4{margin:0}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter .section-title+p,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4+p{margin-top:8px}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title){font-size:15px;margin:0 0 10px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title){font-size:17px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title){font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title){font-size:19px}}#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h4+p,#sdef .section.main-article-chapter h3:not(.section-title)+p{margin-top:-3px}#sdef h2.section-title,#sdef h3.section-title{padding-left:0}#sdef h2.section-title .icon,#sdef h3.section-title .icon{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef h2.section-title,#sdef h3.section-title{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef h2.section-title,#sdef h3.section-title{font-size:23px;line-height:1.4em}}#sdef #content-body h4{font-size:15px;margin-top:0;line-height:1.22em}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef #content-body h4{font-size:16px;line-height:1.08em}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef #content-body h4{font-size:17px;line-height:1.4em}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef #content-body h4{font-size:18px}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .section.next-steps,#sdef .section.dig-deeper{clear:both}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sign-up-header{overflow:visible;z-index:2}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-header h2,#sdef .sign-up-header>span.headline{width:100%}}#sdef .sign-up-header>img{display:none}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-header>img{display:block;width:40%}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sign-up-header>img{width:240px;position:relative;right:0;max-height:175px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sign-up-header>p{margin-right:280px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form{min-height:150px}}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form .error .errorMessageInput{clear:both}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1{margin-top:20px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 li{margin:0}}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 li input{max-width:408px;height:55px}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input{width:100%;font-size:21px;max-width:408px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input{font-size:24px}}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{font-size:21px;width:100%;max-width:408px;height:55px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{font-size:24px}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{margin-bottom:40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 input[type=submit]{margin-left:0}}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 #inlineRegProcessing{float:none;margin-bottom:20px}#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 #inlineRegProcessing .processing .animatedIcon{margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 #inlineRegProcessing .processing .animatedIcon{margin:0 10px 20px -65px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .sign-up-form.cascading-reg-form.page1 .error p{margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .actions-bar{display:none}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .discussion-sidebar{width:300px;left:820px}}#sdef .main-article-author{width:100%;list-style:none;margin:0}#sdef .main-article-author-info{width:auto;float:none}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author-info{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:60px}}#sdef .main-article-author-byline{display:inline-block;border:0;padding:0;margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author-byline{display:block}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author-byline{display:inline;padding-right:15px;margin-right:15px}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2{background:0;list-style:none;max-width:none;float:none;width:auto;margin:0 0 20px;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:5px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2{display:flex}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2{margin:0 0 30px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:2px;min-height:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2{margin:20px 0}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2>span{display:none;color:#35353a;font-size:12px;margin-right:3px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2>span{display:inline-block}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 ul{list-style:none;clear:both;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 ul{padding-right:40px;clear:none;overflow:visible}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li{color:#35353a;font-size:12px;margin-bottom:7px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li{float:left;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:5px;padding-right:10px;border-right:1px solid #35353a}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li:last-child{border:0;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li a{color:#1f1f24}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li a:hover{color:#51617a}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 li .main-article-author-title{color:#35353a;font-size:12px;line-height:normal}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .main-article-author-date{white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;margin-top:0;margin-left:auto}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .main-article-author-date span{color:#35353a}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize{display:none}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize{display:block;margin:-12px 10px 5px 0;width:40px;height:40px}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize img{width:auto}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize img{height:52px}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link{position:relative;display:block;color:#35353a;transition:color .2s}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link{display:inline-block}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link .esg-contributor-tooltip{display:none;width:220px;padding:55px 10px 10px;position:absolute;top:34px;left:calc(50% - 133px);border-top:3px solid #007268;box-shadow:0 8px 8px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2)}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link .esg-contributor-tooltip{width:280px;left:calc(50% - 143px)}}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link .esg-contributor-tooltip:before{position:absolute;left:calc(50% - 8px);top:-14px;border-right:8px solid transparent;border-left:8px solid transparent;border-bottom:12px solid #007268;content:""}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link .esg-contributor-tooltip p{font-size:12px;line-height:normal;margin:0}#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link:hover{cursor:pointer;color:#15312D}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef .main-article-author.v2 .esg-contributor-link:hover .esg-contributor-tooltip{display:block}}.definition-header{margin-top:10px}@media (min-width:960px){.definition-header{margin-top:35px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.definition-header{clear:both;overflow:hidden}}.definition-header .eyebrow{font-size:12px;color:#35353a;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin:0 20px}@media (min-width:640px){.definition-header .eyebrow{margin:0 40px}}@media (min-width:960px){.definition-header .eyebrow{margin:0 0 5px}}@media (min-width:960px){.definition-header .page-header-ad{right:40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.definition-header .page-header-ad{top:70px}}.definition-title{font-size:25px;line-height:1.1em;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:#1f1f24;margin:0 20px 10px}@media (min-width:640px){.definition-title{font-size:40px;margin:0 40px 15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.definition-title{padding-bottom:10px;margin:0;width:460px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.definition-title{width:740px;float:left}}.continue-reading{margin:40px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.continue-reading{clear:both}}.continue-reading ul{list-style-type:none}.continue-reading li{color:#1f1f24;font-size:15px;margin:0 0 10px;padding-left:40px;position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){.continue-reading li{font-size:18px}}.continue-reading li:before{color:#95a2b8;content:"\2219";font-size:108px;line-height:16px;position:absolute;left:5px;top:0}@media (min-width:640px){.continue-reading li:before{line-height:26px}}.continue-reading li:first-child{margin-top:15px}@media (min-width:960px){.continue-reading li:first-child{margin-top:25px}}@media (min-width:640px){.continue-reading li{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:20px}}.related-terms{margin:40px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms{padding:10px;background-repeat:repeat;clear:both}}.related-terms h4{font-size:18px;padding-bottom:3px;margin-top:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms h4{font-size:26px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-top:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.related-terms h4{font-size:30px}}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms dl{margin-bottom:0}}.related-terms dt{font-size:16px;letter-spacing:-.02em}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms dt{font-size:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.related-terms dt{font-size:24px}}.related-terms dt a{color:#1f1f24}.related-terms dt a:hover{color:#51617a}.related-terms dd{font-size:12px;line-height:1.58em;color:#35353a;padding-bottom:15px;margin:12px 0 25px;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e9}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms dd{font-size:13px}}@media (min-width:960px){.related-terms dd{font-size:14px}}.related-terms dd:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms .related-terms-inner{padding:20px;background:#f1f5fb}}@media (min-width:640px){.related-terms .related-terms-inner dd{margin:15px 0}}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef .related-terms-inner h4{margin-bottom:0}}.file-extensions{display:none;padding:40px}@media (min-width:960px){.file-extensions{display:block}}.file-extensions h2{margin:0 0 20px}.file-extensions ul{clear:both;list-style-type:none;margin-bottom:20px;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:1280px){.file-extensions ul{clear:none;float:left;overflow:visible}}@media (min-width:1280px){.file-extensions .list-1 li:first-child{border-left:0;padding-left:0;margin-left:0}}.file-extensions li{border-left:1px solid #e6e6e9;float:left;padding-left:13px;margin-left:13px}.file-extensions li a{color:#35353a;font-size:20px;display:inline-block;width:14px;text-align:center}.file-extensions .powered-by{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e9;clear:both;margin-top:10px;padding-top:20px}.file-extensions .powered-by span{color:#35353a;font-size:12px;float:left;margin-right:15px}.file-extensions .powered-by img{width:125px}#sdef.collection .collections-eyebrow{background:linear-gradient(to right,#117785 0,#33a79a 23%,#5db4ae 48%,#187690 100%);margin:-50px -40px -40px;padding:40px 40px 0;clear:both;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef.collection .collections-eyebrow{margin-top:-52px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.collection .collections-eyebrow{margin-top:-50px}}#sdef.collection .collections-eyebrow .infotype-eyebrow{margin-bottom:-25px;margin-left:40px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef.collection .collections-eyebrow .infotype-eyebrow{padding-left:40px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0}}#sdef.collection .eyebrow{display:none}#sdef.collection .definition-title{float:none;margin:0 40px}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.collection .definition-title{margin-bottom:20px}}#sdef.collection #collectionTopNav{background:#fff;padding:30px 40px 60px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.collection .definition-header{min-height:400px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.collection .definition-header{min-height:0;clear:none;overflow:visible}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.collection .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{top:120px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.collection .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{top:auto}}#sdef.collection #main-content .content-right{margin-top:290px!important}#sdef.collection .main-article-author.v2{margin-left:20px}@media (min-width:640px){#sdef.collection .main-article-author.v2{margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.collection .main-article-author.v2{margin-left:40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.collection .main-content .content-left{padding-top:90px}}.main-guide-hero-header{height:85px;margin:0 -20px;overflow:hidden}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header{margin:0;height:120px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header{height:130px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header{margin:0 -40px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left{margin:20px 0 0}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left.full-width{width:100%;border:0}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left.full-width h3{text-align:left}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left{border-right:1px solid #46afa2;float:left;height:30px;margin:21px 0 0;padding-top:5px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left{height:44px;margin-top:25px;padding-top:5px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span{color:#fff;font-size:14px;margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span{font-size:18px;margin-right:20px;margin-left:80px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span{font-size:22px;margin-left:90px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left h3,.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-left>span{font-size:24px;margin-left:100px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right{margin:0;padding:0 20px 0 67px}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right{display:table-cell;height:76px;padding:0 40px 0 20px;vertical-align:middle;overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right{height:96px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h4{color:#fff;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4em;margin:0}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h4{font-weight:700}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h4{font-size:15px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h4{font-size:16px}}.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h5{display:none;color:#fff;font-weight:400;margin:0}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h5{display:block;font-size:12px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.main-guide-hero-header .main-guide-hero-header-right h5{font-size:13px}}.main-guide-hero-header{background:#117785;background:linear-gradient(to right,#117785 0,#33a79a 23%,#5db4ae 48%,#187690 100%)}#essentialGuide.eg_v2,.guide_v2{}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .background-image,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .background-image-credit,.guide_v2 .background-image,.guide_v2 .background-image-credit{display:none}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .fullScreenImage,.guide_v2 .fullScreenImage{position:absolute;width:100%;background:#d6ecf9;background:linear-gradient(180deg,#d6ecf9 0,#9fcde6 28%,#70a4ba 49%,#bee1f3 76%,#dff1f8 100%);height:100%;max-height:800px}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient,.guide_v2 .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient{background:#f2f2f2;background-size:cover;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(0deg,#FFF 0,#33D7C8 538.89%)}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .ad-wrapper,.guide_v2 .ad-wrapper{background-color:#1f1f24!important}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav-wrapper,.guide_v2 .guide-nav-wrapper{display:none;background-color:#1f1f24}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav-wrapper,.guide_v2 .guide-nav-wrapper{background-color:#000}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav,.guide_v2 .guide-nav{background-color:#1f1f24;text-align:center}@media (min-width:640px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav,.guide_v2 .guide-nav{text-align:left;padding-left:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav,.guide_v2 .guide-nav{padding-left:0;background-color:#000;height:60px;width:880px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto}}@media (min-width:1280px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav,.guide_v2 .guide-nav{width:1200px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span{font-size:18px;color:#faaf40!important;display:inline-block}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span{margin:0;float:left;padding-top:20px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3 a:hover,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span a:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3 a:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span a:hover{color:#c03c0c!important}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3 a,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span a,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3 a,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span a{color:#faaf40!important}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav h3 a:hover,#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav>span a:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav h3 a:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav>span a:hover{color:#c03c0c!important}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse{color:#fff;margin-left:15px;border-left:1px solid #35353a;display:inline-block;padding:10px 0 10px 15px}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse{display:none;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;height:60px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse:hover{color:#faaf40}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse>span{padding:10px 0 10px 20px;margin:10px 0 10px 20px;border-left:1px solid #35353a;display:inline-block}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected{width:300px;margin-left:20px}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li{height:auto;border-bottom:1px solid #333}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li:after,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li:after{content:"";box-shadow:5px 0 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:100%;position:absolute;width:100%;left:0;top:0;z-index:999999}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li:last-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li:last-child{border-bottom:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li>span{margin-left:0;padding:0 50px 0 20px;border-left:0;display:inline-block}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li>span .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected>li>span .icon{display:inline-block}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected .guide-list-child.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected .guide-list-child.selected{top:0;left:300px;background-color:#1f1f24}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected .guide-list-child.selected>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .browse .guide-list-parent.selected .guide-list-child.selected>li{min-height:58px;box-sizing:border-box;box-shadow:none;border-bottom:1px solid #666}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .icon{color:#faaf40;display:inline-block;padding-left:10px;top:2px}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent{display:none;list-style:none}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent{height:60px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected{display:block;position:absolute;z-index:99;background-color:transparent;width:100%;text-align:left}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected{z-index:999999}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent.selected>li{float:none}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li{padding:20px 50px 20px 20px;color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #1f1f24;background-color:#000;margin:0 20px;position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li{margin:0 40px 0 0}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li{float:left;padding:20px 0;margin:0;border-bottom:0;height:60px;box-sizing:border-box}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:last-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:last-child{border-bottom:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover{color:#faaf40}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover .icon{color:#faaf40}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover .guide-list-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li:hover .guide-list-child{color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li>span,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li>span{border-left:1px solid #35353a;margin-left:20px;padding:10px 0 10px 20px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li .icon{position:absolute;top:22px;right:20px;color:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li .icon,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent>li .icon{display:none}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child{display:none;list-style:none}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child.selected{display:block;background-color:#1f1f24;margin:20px -50px -20px -20px}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child.selected,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child.selected{margin:0;position:absolute;z-index:999999;top:60px;left:20px;width:300px;font-size:13px;line-height:16px;background-color:#000}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li{padding:0;border-bottom:1px solid #35353a}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li{box-shadow:5px 5px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);border-bottom:1px solid #1f1f24}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:last-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:last-child{box-shadow:0 5px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3)}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:first-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:first-child{box-shadow:inset 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3)}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:first-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:first-child{box-shadow:5px 5px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3)}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li a,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li a{padding:20px;display:block}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:hover{cursor:pointer;background-color:#faaf40;color:#1f1f24}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:hover{color:#000}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:last-child,.guide_v2 .guide-nav .guide-list-parent .guide-list-child>li:last-child{border:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header,.guide_v2 .guide-header{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.7);padding:12px 20px 17px;position:relative;margin:20px 20px 0}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header,.guide_v2 .guide-header{margin:60px auto 0;box-sizing:border-box;width:880px;padding:20px 40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header,.guide_v2 .guide-header{width:1200px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .heading,.guide_v2 .guide-header .heading{color:#faaf40;font-size:12px;display:block;margin-bottom:7px}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .heading,.guide_v2 .guide-header .heading{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:10px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .heading,.guide_v2 .guide-header .heading{font-size:15px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title{font-size:16px;display:block;color:#fff}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title:hover,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title:hover{color:#faaf40}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title{font-size:26px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .guide-header .title,.guide_v2 .guide-header .title{font-size:28px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 #main-content,.guide_v2 #main-content{margin-top:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 #main-content>.imageWithCredit,.guide_v2 #main-content>.imageWithCredit{display:none}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .main-article-header,.guide_v2 .main-article-header{margin-top:0}@media (min-width:640px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .main-article-header,.guide_v2 .main-article-header{margin:0 20px}}@media (min-width:960px){#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .main-article-header,.guide_v2 .main-article-header{margin:0 0 0 -40px}}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .main-article-author.v2,.guide_v2 .main-article-author.v2{margin-left:0}#essentialGuide.eg_v2 .header.header_v2,.guide_v2 .header.header_v2{margin-bottom:60px}.main-guide-series-hero-header{display:block;width:100%;height:35px}@media (min-width:640px){.main-guide-series-hero-header{height:75px}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-guide-series-hero-header{height:85px}}.main-guide-series-hero-header:hover{cursor:pointer}.main-guide-series-hero-header:hover .main-series-hero-header-right span{background-color:#fff;color:#007268}.main-guide-series-hero-header:hover .main-series-hero-header-right span .icon{color:#95a2b8}.main-series-hero-header-right{display:none;float:right;margin-top:24px;padding-right:40px}@media (min-width:640px){.main-series-hero-header-right{display:block}}@media (min-width:960px){.main-series-hero-header-right{margin-top:28px}}.main-series-hero-header-right span{font-size:14px;padding:10px;color:#fff;border-radius:4px;transition:background-color .2s}.main-series-hero-header-right span:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#007268}.main-series-hero-header-right span:hover .icon{color:#95a2b8}.main-series-hero-header-right span .icon{font-size:20px;top:4px}.pillar #main-content{margin-top:40px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content{margin-top:60px}}.pillar #content-left,.pillar #content-right{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #content-center{width:560px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #content-center{width:880px}}.pillar #content-center .box-ad-wrapper,.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{text-align:center;background:#f2f2f2;float:none;margin:0 -20px 0 -20px;padding:20px 0}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #content-center .box-ad-wrapper,.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{background:0;float:right;margin:0 0 20px 40px;padding-top:30px;position:relative}}.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-mobile{background:#f2f2f2;display:block;float:none;margin:0 -20px 0 -20px;position:relative;padding:20px 0;text-align:center}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-mobile{display:none}}.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{background:0;display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:block;padding:0;margin:0 0 20px 20px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #content-center .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{padding:0 0 20px;margin-left:40px}}.pillar .download-button{opacity:0}.pillar .pillar-nav{width:200px;float:left;z-index:999}.pillar .pillar-nav .share-bar-desktop{padding-top:30px}.pillar .pillar-navbar{display:none;padding:20px 20px 0}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar .pillar-navbar{padding:20px 40px 0}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar .pillar-navbar{display:block;position:relative;padding:30px 0 0 10px}}.pillar .pillar-navbar .icon.pillar{width:35px;height:23px;display:block;position:absolute;background-size:contain}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar .pillar-navbar .icon.pillar{left:15px}}.pillar .pillar-navbar h5{font-size:17px;line-height:30px;margin:0;padding-bottom:15px}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar .pillar-navbar h5{padding-bottom:20px}}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar .pillar-navbar ul{display:block}}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul.fixed-height{height:calc(100vh - 240px);overflow:hidden;overflow-y:scroll}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e9;color:#007268;font-size:14px;list-style-type:none;padding:10px 25px}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li:first-child{border:0}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li.active{position:relative;font-weight:700}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li.active:before{color:#007268;content:"\2219";font-size:60px;position:absolute;top:-15px;left:5px}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li.active a{color:#1f1f24}.pillar .pillar-navbar ul li a{cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:18px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body{width:560px;float:left;margin:0 0 0 40px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body{width:880px}}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-header{margin:0}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-header .eyebrow-container{margin-left:0}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-title{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-title{margin-bottom:25px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-title{width:840px}}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-subtitle{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-subtitle{padding:0;width:240px;min-height:250px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-subtitle{width:550px;min-height:0}}.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-author{margin:0 0 30px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .main-article-author{padding:0}}.pillar .background-image,.pillar .background-image-credit,.pillar-cluster .background-image,.pillar-cluster .background-image-credit,.pillar-bridge .background-image,.pillar-bridge .background-image-credit{display:none}.pillar .fullScreenImage,.pillar-cluster .fullScreenImage,.pillar-bridge .fullScreenImage{position:absolute;width:100%;background:#e8f4f3;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#D2EAEA 0,#e8f4f3 15%,#e8f4f3 35%,#80c1bb 100%);height:100%;max-height:800px}.pillar .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient,.pillar-cluster .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient,.pillar-bridge .fullScreenImage .backgroundGradient{background:#f2f2f2;background:linear-gradient(0deg,#FFF 0,#33D7C8 538.89%);background-size:cover;height:100%}.pillar-cluster .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar-bridge .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){margin:0 20px;position:relative;height:0;z-index:1;top:15px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar-bridge .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){margin:0 auto;top:35px;width:880px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar-bridge .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){width:1200px}}#sdef.pillar .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){margin:0 20px;position:relative;height:0;z-index:1;top:15px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs),.pillar .breadcrumbs:not(#content-center .breadcrumbs){margin:0 auto;top:35px}}#sdef.pillar .pillar-body #content-center .breadcrumbs{display:none}.pillar-cluster #main-content,.pillar-bridge #main-content{margin-top:40px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster #main-content,.pillar-bridge #main-content{margin-top:60px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster.eoc_v2 .main-content .content-left.is_stuck,.pillar-bridge.eoc_v2 .main-content .content-left.is_stuck{padding-top:120px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster#infographic.eoc_v2 .main-content .content-left.is_stuck,.pillar-bridge#infographic.eoc_v2 .main-content .content-left.is_stuck{padding-top:160px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .main-article-header,.pillar-cluster .article-guide-header,.pillar-cluster .definition-guide-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .article-guide-header,.pillar-bridge .definition-guide-header{padding-top:100px}}.pillar-cluster .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header{margin-top:0;padding-top:100px}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header{margin-left:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header{margin-left:-40px}}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster.eoc_v2 .main-article-author.v2,.pillar-bridge.eoc_v2 .main-article-author.v2{margin-left:0}}.pillar-cluster.eoc_v2 .main-article-share-counts,.pillar-bridge.eoc_v2 .main-article-share-counts{top:80px}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster.eoc_v2 .main-article-share-counts,.pillar-bridge.eoc_v2 .main-article-share-counts{top:0}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{width:860px;position:absolute;top:15px;left:-20px;z-index:999;max-width:100%;transition:top .2s linear}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{top:20px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{width:840px}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-header,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-header{z-index:1;max-width:100%;position:relative;background:#fff}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-header,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-header{box-shadow:0 0 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25);display:flex}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-header:after,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-header:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{background:#fff;float:left;padding:3px 20px 5px 30px;width:100%;max-width:100%;box-shadow:0 0 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{width:635px;box-shadow:none}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{width:615px}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading:before,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading:before{position:absolute;bottom:-20px;left:-20px;border-bottom:20px solid transparent;border-left:20px solid transparent;border-right:20px solid #1f1f24;content:""}.pillar-cluster .icon.pillar,.pillar-bridge .icon.pillar{width:23px;height:19px;display:block;position:absolute;background-size:contain;top:9px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading img,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading img{width:35px}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading span,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading span{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;position:relative;top:4px;vertical-align:middle}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading a,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading a{color:#1f1f24;display:block;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;text-decoration:none;margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:5px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading a,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading a{margin-bottom:0;font-size:18px}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-heading a:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading a:hover{color:#51617a}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav{background:#007268;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:none;width:175px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;transition:background .2s}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav{display:flex}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav:hover,.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav.displayedClusterNav,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav.displayedClusterNav{background:#15312D}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-nav .icon,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-nav .icon{top:2px;left:2px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination{color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:none;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:#fff;margin-right:25px}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination{display:flex}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev{display:inline-block;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e9;color:#35353a;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;padding:3px 20px;margin:17px 0;position:relative}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev:hover{color:#007268}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev:before,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.prev:before{position:absolute;top:3px;left:0;content:"";border-right:12px solid #95a2b8;border-top:7px solid transparent;border-bottom:7px solid transparent}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.next,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.next{display:inline-block;color:#35353a;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;padding:3px 20px;margin:17px 0;position:relative}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.next:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.next:hover{color:#007268}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination a.next:after,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination a.next:after{position:absolute;top:3px;right:0;content:"";border-left:12px solid #95a2b8;border-top:7px solid transparent;border-bottom:7px solid transparent}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev{display:none;background-color:#007268;position:absolute;padding:15px;font-size:14px;color:#fff;bottom:70px;right:0;white-space:pre}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev .icon,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-prev .icon{color:#95a2b8;position:absolute;top:43px;right:130px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next{display:none;background-color:#007268;position:absolute;padding:15px;font-size:14px;color:#fff;bottom:70px;right:0;white-space:pre}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next .icon,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .cluster-nav-tooltip-next .icon{color:#95a2b8;position:absolute;top:43px;right:53px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button{background:#33d7c8;cursor:pointer;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:-31px;right:0;z-index:299;display:none;transition:visibility 0s,opacity .5s linear;box-shadow:0 8px 10px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button{display:block}}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button.show,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button.show{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button:focus,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button:focus{outline:0}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a{width:100%;height:100%;background-color:#33d7c8;display:block;padding:7px 20px;box-sizing:border-box;transition:background-color .2s}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a:hover,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a:hover{background-color:#80edda}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a:focus,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button>a:focus{outline:0}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button .icon,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button .icon{color:#0a0a0a;font-size:32px;position:absolute;right:15px;top:0}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button span,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button span{display:inline-block;color:#0a0a0a;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding-right:30px}.pillar-cluster .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button span.num,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-pagination .download-button span.num{margin:0;position:absolute;width:28px;height:28px;border-radius:14px;background-color:#EA0000;top:-15px;right:-10px;text-align:center;font-size:16px;line-height:28px;padding:0;color:#fff}.pillar-cluster#sdef .breadcrumbs,.pillar-bridge#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:0 20px 15px}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .breadcrumbs,.pillar-bridge#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:0 40px 15px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .breadcrumbs,.pillar-bridge#sdef .breadcrumbs{margin:-5px 0 15px 0;padding:0;width:460px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .breadcrumbs,.pillar-bridge#sdef .breadcrumbs{width:780px}}.pillar-cluster#sdef .actions-bar,.pillar-bridge#sdef .actions-bar{top:-21px}.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header{padding-top:132px}@media (min-width:640px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header{padding-top:120px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header{padding-top:100px}}@media (min-width:960px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{top:105px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .definition-header .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge#sdef .definition-header .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{top:auto}}@media (min-width:1280px){.pillar-cluster#sdef .cluster-callout-left,.pillar-bridge#sdef .cluster-callout-left{width:510px}}.pillar-cluster#sdef .cluster-download p,.pillar-bridge#sdef .cluster-download p{color:#15312D}.bridge,.pillar-bridge{}.bridge .actions-bar,.pillar-bridge .actions-bar{top:0}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .actions-bar,.pillar-bridge .actions-bar{top:initial}}.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-mobile,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-mobile{background:#f2f2f2;display:block;margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px;padding:20px 0;position:static;text-align:center}@media (min-width:640px){.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-mobile,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-mobile{display:none}}.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:none;position:static}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{display:block;float:right;margin:0 -60px 40px 40px;padding:0;text-align:inherit}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop,.pillar-bridge .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{margin-right:-80px}}@media (min-width:640px){.bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded,.pillar-bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{float:none;background:#fff;border:0;margin:0 0 20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded,.pillar-bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{clear:right;float:right;border-left:20px solid #fff;margin:0 -60px 40px 20px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded,.pillar-bridge .ad-wrapper.ad-embedded{margin-right:-80px}}.bridge .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{position:relative;padding-bottom:30px}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .cluster-branding-container,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-container{left:-60px;max-width:calc(100% + 60px);padding-bottom:20px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{padding-left:140px;padding-right:20px;width:525px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge .cluster-branding-heading,.pillar-bridge .cluster-branding-heading{padding-left:180px;width:465px}}.bridge .content-right,.pillar-bridge .content-right{display:none}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .main-content .content-left,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-left{padding-top:47px}}.bridge .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge .main-article-header{margin:0;padding-top:10px}.bridge .main-article-title,.pillar-bridge .main-article-title{margin-left:0;margin-top:10px;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .main-article-title,.pillar-bridge .main-article-title{margin-top:30px;padding-right:0}}.bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center{}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center{padding-left:80px;width:calc(100% - 160px)}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center{padding-left:120px;margin-right:80px;width:calc(100% - 240px)}}.bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center .main-article-image img,.pillar-bridge .main-content .content-columns .content-center .main-article-image img{max-width:100%;width:100%;margin:0}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li{width:283px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li:last-child,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li:last-child{width:880px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li:last-child img,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li:last-child img{width:1200px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li>a>img,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li>a>img{margin-left:0;width:640px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li>a>img,.pillar-bridge #main-content .section.dig-deeper .dig-deeper-list li>a>img{width:780px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge figure.main-article-image,.bridge pre,.bridge code,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth,.bridge .main-article-table,.bridge .extra-info,.pillar-bridge figure.main-article-image,.pillar-bridge pre,.pillar-bridge code,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth,.pillar-bridge .main-article-table,.pillar-bridge .extra-info{left:-60px;max-width:calc(100% + 120px);width:calc(100% + 120px);margin:40px auto;position:relative}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge figure.main-article-image,.bridge pre,.bridge code,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth,.bridge .main-article-table,.bridge .extra-info,.pillar-bridge figure.main-article-image,.pillar-bridge pre,.pillar-bridge code,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth,.pillar-bridge .main-article-table,.pillar-bridge .extra-info{left:-80px;max-width:calc(100% + 160px);width:calc(100% + 160px)}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge figure.main-article-image.half-col,.pillar-bridge figure.main-article-image.half-col{left:0;margin-left:-60px;float:left;z-index:1}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge figure.main-article-image.half-col,.pillar-bridge figure.main-article-image.half-col{margin-left:-80px}}.bridge .main-article-table,.pillar-bridge .main-article-table{left:0;width:100%;max-width:100%}.bridge.reg-login .main-article-header,.bridge.reg-login .main-article-header:before,.bridge.reg-login .main-article-header:after,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .main-article-header,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .main-article-header:before,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .main-article-header:after{clear:none}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper,.pillar-bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper{width:420px;float:left;clear:none;margin-left:-60px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper,.pillar-bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper{width:620px;margin-left:0}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper .inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn,.pillar-bridge.reg-login #inlineRegistrationWrapper .inline-reg.sign-up-wrapper .sign-up-form .sign-up-btn{width:200px}}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge.reg-login .box-ad-wrapper,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .box-ad-wrapper{margin-right:0}}.bridge.reg-login .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize,.pillar-bridge.reg-login .main-article-author.v2 .image-resize{top:-12px;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:-7px;position:relative}@media (min-width:960px){.bridge.reg-login.frontEndMetering #inlineRegistrationWrapper,.pillar-bridge.reg-login.frontEndMetering #inlineRegistrationWrapper{float:none}}.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-0,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-1,.bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-2,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-0,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-1,.pillar-bridge .articleVideoFullWidth #singlePlayer-2{width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #content-center{width:560px}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar #content-center{width:880px}}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .breadcrumbs{margin:10px 0 20px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .breadcrumbs{padding-left:0;width:auto;margin-top:25px}}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .breadcrumbs ul li{color:#35353a}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header{float:none;margin-top:20px}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header{margin-top:30px}}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header .eyebrow{margin-left:0}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header .definition-title{margin-left:0}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-header .definition-title{margin-bottom:25px}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-title{padding-bottom:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-authors{width:100%}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-authors{position:static;right:auto;width:300px;float:right;margin:10px 0 20px 40px}}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-authors .main-article-author{margin-bottom:0}#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-authors .publish-date{margin:0}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body #publish-date{overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-section p:first-of-type{margin-top:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar #main-content .pillar-body .definition-section .ad-embedded{clear:both}}#sdef.pillar .box-ad-wrapper{position:static}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{margin:0 0 20px 40px;padding-top:20px;top:0!important}}@media (min-width:960px) and (min-width:1280px){#sdef.pillar .page-header-ad.ad-desktop{padding-top:0}}@media (min-width:960px){#sdef.pillar .share-bar-desktop{display:block;margin-left:-65px;width:50px;padding-top:30px}}</style>
|
||
<script src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/js/libs/jquery-1.10.2.min.js" type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript"></script><script src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/7d0fa10a/cloudflare-static/rocket-loader.min.js" data-cf-settings="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-|49"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/css/main.css?v=9.86" media="print" onload="this.media='all';this.onload=null;">
|
||
<noscript>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/css/main.css?v=9.86">
|
||
</noscript><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/cmp/sourcepoint/gdprTCFv2-config.min.js?v=9.86" type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript"></script><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/cmp/sourcepoint/ccpa-config.min.js?v=9.86" type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript"></script><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/cmp/ttCmpApi.min.js?v=9.86" type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript"></script><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/js/responsive.min.js?v=9.86" type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript"></script><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript" src="https://optimizely.techtarget.com/optimizely-edge/17796810052" referrerpolicy="no-referrer-when-downgrade" async></script><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">
|
||
TT("page", {"contentAge":824,"topical":true,"isCFBotEnabledSite":"false","appCode":"98","industrytaxGTM":"(0)(0)(0) ","parentTopicId":"2240033969","zone":"DEFINITION","isSearchsite":true,"id":"20e1bfc8e4d32210VgnVCM1000000d01c80aRCRD","contentType":"DEFINITION","showRightRailOverlay":"true","siteType":"editorial","audience":"USA","wordCount":2568,"userRegLib":"https://users.techtarget.com/registration/js/userreg-lib.js","uidType":"content","collection":"NONE","pubDate":"2024-06-07","adScheme":"1","topicId":"366641447","adId":"1327884","pubYear":"2024","pubMonthYear":"06/2024","subType":"/Definition","gadText":"-ADS BY GOOGLE","parentTopicName":"Topics","configCharCount":110,"siteName":"ITInfrastructure","uid":"1327884","allowedPages":1,"isDBEnabledSite":"true","adAbbr":"ttitinfra","isServerSideMetering":"false","siteClass":"teal","ga":true,"lang":"en","inlineLinkCount":31,"regTopicName":"IT Systems Monitoring & Management","timestamp":"2026-09-10 14:58:03","hasVideo":"true-yt","homeAdId":"366641319","regTopicId":"366641444","techtaxGTM":"(0)(0)(0) ","ttgtRegHost":"https://users.techtarget.com","atHost":"https://go.techtarget.com","regHost":"https://users.techtarget.com","markettaxGTM":"(0)(0)(0) ","pageIndex":0,"siteId":3227,"topicName":"IT Operations","topicIds":["366641447","450280953","299240","309697","252509051","252512884","450296028","2240113851","2240113835","2240113837","2240113866","2240113824","2240113836","2240113822","252514338"],"showLeadGenOverlay":"true"});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Begin Chartbeat -->
|
||
<script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime();</script><!-- End Chartbeat -->
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144×144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114×114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72×72" href="/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144×144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114×114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72×72" href="/apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png">
|
||
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png">
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">window.GEO = {"country":"US"}</script></head>
|
||
<body id="sdef" class=" ">
|
||
<!-- Begin Google Tag Manager -->
|
||
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PWWZSH" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PWWZSH');</script><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MKCV6V9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MKCV6V9');</script><!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
|
||
<div id="site-container" class="site-container">
|
||
<!-- PinnedNavBarController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<!-- AdsController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<div id="interstitial" class="ad ad-ist"><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">GPT.display('interstitial')</script></div><div class="cls-hlb-wrapper-mobile">
|
||
<div class="ad-wrapper header-leaderboard ad-mobile">
|
||
<!-- AdsController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<div id="mobile-lb" class="ad ad-mb"><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">GPT.display('mobile-lb')</script></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<header class="header header_v3 en" id="page-header">
|
||
<button aria-label="Navigation Menu" class="nav-toggle"><i class="icon" data-icon="9"></i></button>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/">
|
||
<span href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/" class="header-logo">
|
||
<svg id="techtarget-logo" viewBox="0 0 288 150" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:space="preserve" xmlns:serif="http://www.serif.com/" style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-miterlimit:2;"><g transform="matrix(1.31477,0,0,1.31477,-46.3587,-43.3817)"><g><g><path d="M62.49,105.87L51.78,105.87L51.78,135.38L45.86,135.38L45.86,105.87L35.26,105.87L35.26,101.06L62.49,101.06L62.49,105.87Z"/><path d="M69.27,135.86C65.64,135.86 62.7,134.72 60.44,132.43C58.19,130.14 57.06,127.1 57.06,123.29L57.06,122.58C57.06,120.03 57.55,117.76 58.53,115.76C59.51,113.76 60.89,112.2 62.67,111.08C64.45,109.96 66.43,109.41 68.61,109.41C72.08,109.41 74.77,110.52 76.66,112.73C78.55,114.95 79.5,118.08 79.5,122.14L79.5,124.45L62.83,124.45C63,126.56 63.71,128.22 64.94,129.45C66.17,130.68 67.73,131.29 69.6,131.29C72.22,131.29 74.36,130.23 76.01,128.11L79.1,131.06C78.08,132.58 76.71,133.77 75.01,134.61C73.3,135.43 71.39,135.86 69.27,135.86ZM68.58,114C67.01,114 65.74,114.55 64.77,115.65C63.8,116.75 63.19,118.28 62.92,120.25L73.84,120.25L73.84,119.83C73.71,117.91 73.2,116.46 72.31,115.48C71.41,114.49 70.17,114 68.58,114Z"/><path d="M93.74,131.28C95.17,131.28 96.36,130.86 97.3,130.03C98.24,129.2 98.75,128.17 98.81,126.94L104.21,126.94C104.15,128.53 103.65,130.01 102.73,131.38C101.8,132.76 100.55,133.84 98.96,134.65C97.37,135.45 95.66,135.85 93.82,135.85C90.25,135.85 87.42,134.69 85.33,132.38C83.24,130.07 82.19,126.88 82.19,122.81L82.19,122.22C82.19,118.34 83.23,115.23 85.3,112.9C87.37,110.57 90.2,109.4 93.79,109.4C96.82,109.4 99.29,110.28 101.2,112.05C103.11,113.82 104.11,116.14 104.21,119.02L98.81,119.02C98.75,117.56 98.25,116.36 97.31,115.41C96.37,114.47 95.18,114 93.74,114C91.88,114 90.46,114.67 89.45,116.02C88.44,117.36 87.93,119.4 87.92,122.14L87.92,123.06C87.92,125.83 88.42,127.89 89.42,129.25C90.42,130.6 91.86,131.28 93.74,131.28Z"/><path d="M113.22,112.66C115.09,110.49 117.45,109.41 120.32,109.41C125.76,109.41 128.52,112.51 128.59,118.72L128.59,135.39L122.86,135.39L122.86,118.93C122.86,117.17 122.48,115.92 121.72,115.19C120.96,114.46 119.84,114.09 118.36,114.09C116.07,114.09 114.35,115.11 113.22,117.15L113.22,135.37L107.49,135.37L107.49,99.17L113.22,99.17L113.22,112.66Z"/><path d="M154.23,105.87L143.52,105.87L143.52,135.38L137.6,135.38L137.6,105.87L127,105.87L127,101.06L154.23,101.06L154.23,105.87Z"/><path d="M165.21,135.38C164.96,134.89 164.74,134.1 164.55,133C162.73,134.9 160.5,135.85 157.86,135.85C155.3,135.85 153.21,135.12 151.59,133.66C149.97,132.2 149.16,130.39 149.16,128.24C149.16,125.52 150.17,123.44 152.19,121.98C154.21,120.53 157.1,119.8 160.85,119.8L164.36,119.8L164.36,118.13C164.36,116.81 163.99,115.75 163.25,114.96C162.51,114.17 161.39,113.77 159.88,113.77C158.58,113.77 157.51,114.1 156.67,114.75C155.84,115.4 155.42,116.23 155.42,117.24L149.69,117.24C149.69,115.84 150.15,114.53 151.08,113.32C152.01,112.1 153.27,111.15 154.86,110.46C156.46,109.77 158.24,109.42 160.2,109.42C163.19,109.42 165.57,110.17 167.34,111.67C169.12,113.17 170.03,115.28 170.07,118L170.07,129.5C170.07,131.8 170.39,133.63 171.04,134.99L171.04,135.39L165.21,135.39L165.21,135.38ZM158.91,131.26C160.04,131.26 161.11,130.99 162.1,130.43C163.1,129.88 163.85,129.14 164.35,128.21L164.35,123.4L161.26,123.4C159.14,123.4 157.54,123.77 156.47,124.51C155.4,125.25 154.87,126.29 154.87,127.65C154.87,128.75 155.24,129.63 155.97,130.28C156.71,130.93 157.69,131.26 158.91,131.26Z"/><path d="M188.47,115.11C187.72,114.98 186.94,114.92 186.14,114.92C183.52,114.92 181.75,115.93 180.84,117.94L180.84,135.39L175.11,135.39L175.11,109.88L180.58,109.88L180.72,112.73C182.1,110.51 184.02,109.41 186.47,109.41C187.29,109.41 187.96,109.52 188.5,109.74L188.47,115.11Z"/><path d="M189.84,122.44C189.84,118.48 190.77,115.32 192.63,112.95C194.49,110.58 196.96,109.4 200.04,109.4C202.95,109.4 205.23,110.41 206.9,112.44L207.16,109.87L212.32,109.87L212.32,134.6C212.32,137.95 211.28,140.59 209.2,142.52C207.12,144.45 204.31,145.42 200.77,145.42C198.9,145.42 197.07,145.03 195.29,144.25C193.51,143.47 192.15,142.45 191.22,141.2L193.93,137.76C195.69,139.85 197.86,140.9 200.44,140.9C202.34,140.9 203.84,140.38 204.94,139.36C206.04,138.33 206.59,136.82 206.59,134.82L206.59,133.1C204.94,134.94 202.74,135.86 199.99,135.86C197,135.86 194.56,134.67 192.67,132.3C190.78,129.92 189.84,126.64 189.84,122.44ZM195.54,122.94C195.54,125.5 196.06,127.52 197.11,128.99C198.15,130.46 199.61,131.19 201.46,131.19C203.77,131.19 205.48,130.2 206.6,128.22L206.6,117C205.52,115.07 203.82,114.1 201.51,114.1C199.62,114.1 198.16,114.85 197.11,116.34C196.06,117.83 195.54,120.03 195.54,122.94Z"/><path d="M227.75,135.86C224.12,135.86 221.18,134.72 218.92,132.43C216.67,130.14 215.54,127.1 215.54,123.29L215.54,122.58C215.54,120.03 216.03,117.76 217.01,115.76C217.99,113.76 219.37,112.2 221.15,111.08C222.93,109.96 224.91,109.41 227.09,109.41C230.56,109.41 233.25,110.52 235.14,112.73C237.03,114.95 237.98,118.08 237.98,122.14L237.98,124.45L221.31,124.45C221.48,126.56 222.19,128.22 223.42,129.45C224.65,130.68 226.21,131.29 228.08,131.29C230.7,131.29 232.84,130.23 234.49,128.11L237.58,131.06C236.56,132.58 235.19,133.77 233.49,134.61C231.79,135.43 229.87,135.86 227.75,135.86ZM227.07,114C225.5,114 224.23,114.55 223.26,115.65C222.29,116.75 221.68,118.28 221.41,120.25L232.33,120.25L232.33,119.83C232.2,117.91 231.69,116.46 230.8,115.48C229.9,114.49 228.65,114 227.07,114Z"/><path d="M248.88,103.68L248.88,109.88L253.38,109.88L253.38,114.12L248.88,114.12L248.88,128.36C248.88,129.34 249.07,130.04 249.46,130.47C249.84,130.9 250.53,131.12 251.52,131.12C252.18,131.12 252.85,131.04 253.52,130.88L253.52,135.31C252.22,135.67 250.96,135.85 249.75,135.85C245.35,135.85 243.15,133.42 243.15,128.57L243.15,114.12L238.95,114.12L238.95,109.88L243.15,109.88L243.15,103.68L248.88,103.68Z"/></g><path d="M250.15,48.64C247.93,48.64 245.98,46.79 245.98,44.43C245.98,42.09 247.93,40.23 250.15,40.23C252.36,40.23 254.31,42.08 254.31,44.43C254.31,46.79 252.35,48.64 250.15,48.64M250.15,40.68C248.08,40.68 246.51,42.38 246.51,44.43C246.51,46.49 248.08,48.19 250.15,48.19C252.22,48.19 253.78,46.49 253.78,44.43C253.78,42.38 252.21,40.68 250.15,40.68M251.31,46.8L249.83,44.77L249.09,44.77L249.09,46.8L248.6,46.8L248.6,42.07L250.03,42.07C251.22,42.07 251.79,42.5 251.79,43.35C251.79,44.09 251.15,44.7 250.44,44.73L251.98,46.8L251.31,46.8ZM249.9,42.52L249.08,42.52L249.08,44.36L250,44.36C250.82,44.36 251.25,44.04 251.25,43.37C251.26,42.66 250.55,42.52 249.9,42.52"/><g><path d="M253.7,64.11L253.7,60.87C236.76,43.97 214.26,34.66 190.35,34.66C166.43,34.66 143.94,43.97 127,60.87L127,64.11C142.19,52.55 160.24,45.38 179.23,43.37L180.2,43.27L179.31,43.67C169.77,48 163.6,57.56 163.6,68.01C163.6,82.76 175.6,94.76 190.35,94.76C205.1,94.76 217.1,82.76 217.1,68.01C217.1,57.56 210.94,48 201.39,43.67L200.5,43.27L201.47,43.37C220.46,45.38 238.52,52.55 253.7,64.11ZM210.01,68.01C210.01,78.85 201.19,87.67 190.35,87.67C179.51,87.67 170.69,78.85 170.69,68.01C170.69,57.17 179.51,48.35 190.35,48.35C201.19,48.35 210.01,57.17 210.01,68.01Z"/><path d="M178.59,68.05C178.59,74.54 183.87,79.81 190.35,79.81C196.84,79.81 202.11,74.53 202.11,68.05C202.11,61.57 196.83,56.29 190.35,56.29C183.86,56.28 178.59,61.56 178.59,68.05ZM195.21,68.05C195.21,70.73 193.03,72.91 190.35,72.91C187.67,72.91 185.49,70.73 185.49,68.05C185.49,65.37 187.67,63.19 190.35,63.19C193.03,63.19 195.21,65.37 195.21,68.05Z"/></g></g></g></svg>
|
||
<span class="header-logo-mobile itinfrastructure">IT Infrastructure</span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<button aria-label="Search" class="header-search-toggle" ><i class="icon" data-icon="g"></i></button>
|
||
<form action="https://www.techtarget.com/search" method="get" class="header-search">
|
||
<label for="header-search-input" class="visuallyhidden">Search the TechTarget Network</label>
|
||
<input class="header-search-input ui-autocomplete-input" id="header-search-input" autocomplete="off" type="text" placeholder="Search the TechTarget Network">
|
||
<button aria-label="Search" class="header-search-submit"><i class="icon" data-icon="g"></i></button>
|
||
</form>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="nav">
|
||
<div class="nav-user">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/login" rel="nofollow"><span class="nav-user-action">Login</span></a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/register" class="register" rel="nofollow"><span class="nav-user-action">Register</span></a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">TT(["context","lib/jquery"],function(c,$){var u=c.getUser();if(u.loggedIn){$('div.nav-user').children("a:first")
|
||
.before('<a href="https://users.techtarget.com/registration/ITInfrastructure/EditProfile.page?fromURL=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href) +'"><i class="icon header_logged_in_icon" title="'+u.displayName+'"></i></a>')
|
||
.attr("href", "https://users.techtarget.com/registration/v2/api/logout?fromURL=" + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href)).children("span.nav-user-action:first").text('Logout');
|
||
$('.register').removeAttr('href');$('a.register').hide();}else{$('div.nav-user').children("a:first").attr("href", "https://www.techtarget.com/login?fromURL="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href));
|
||
$('a.nav-join-pro').attr("href", "https://www.techtarget.com/login?fromURL="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href));
|
||
$('.register').attr("href", "https://www.techtarget.com/register?fromURL="+encodeURIComponent(window.location.href));}});
|
||
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
<div class="nav-links">
|
||
<a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/" class="informa-logo"><span>Informa TechTarget</span></a>
|
||
<a href="#" class="explore-network">Explore the Network</a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/ai/">AI & Emerging Tech</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/cybersecurity/">Cybersecurity</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/data-technologies/">Data Technologies</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/enterprise-software/">Enterprise Software</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-strategy/">IT Strategy</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/" class="explore-mobile">An Informa TechTarget Publication</a>
|
||
<a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/our-brands" target="_blank" class="explore">Explore our brands</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="nav-list">
|
||
<li class="nav-list-item nav-list-item-searchsites">
|
||
<div class="nav-list-item-header itinfrastructure">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/">
|
||
<span class="nav-list-item-header-title">
|
||
IT Infrastructure</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-list-item nav-list-item-topics">
|
||
<ul class="nav-list-sublist">
|
||
<li class="nav-list-sublist-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/resources/Application-Architecture">Application Architecture</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-list-sublist-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/resources/Cloud-Computing">Cloud Computing</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-list-sublist-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/resources/Data-Center">Data Center</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-list-sublist-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/resources/IT-Operations">IT Operations</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-list-sublist-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/resources/Networking">Networking</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-list-sublist-item more">
|
||
<a href="#">More Topics<i class="icon icon-arrow-down" data-icon="5"></i></a>
|
||
<div class="nav-list-item-dropdown">
|
||
<ul class="nav-list-sublist">
|
||
<li class="nav-list-sublist-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/resources/Storage">Storage</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="nav-links">
|
||
<a href="#">Other Content</a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/news/">News</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/features">Features</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/tips">Tips</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/webinars">Webinars</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/sponsored_communities">Sponsored Sites</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="more-content">
|
||
<a href="#">
|
||
More<i class="icon icon-arrow-down" data-icon="5"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<div class="more-content-dropdown">
|
||
<ul class="nav-list-sublist">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/answers">Answers</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/guides">Conference Guides</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definitions">Definitions</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/opinions">Opinions</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/podcasts">Podcasts</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/quizzes">Quizzes</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/techaccelerators">Tech Accelerators</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/tutorials">Tutorials</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/videos">Videos</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul class="nav-social">
|
||
<li class="nav-social-item title">Follow:</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-social-item" title="Follow @techtargetnews on X"><a href="https://x.com/techtargetnews" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow on X"><i class="icon x_logo" data-icon="c"></i></a></li><li class="nav-social-item" title="Follow ITInfrastructure on LinkedIn"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/techtarget-editorial/" target="_blank"><i class="icon" data-icon="o"></i></a></li><li class="nav-social-item" title="Subscribe to Eye on Tech on Youtube"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/EyeonTech" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow on Youtube"><i class="icon youtube_icon"></i></a></li><li class="nav-social-item" title="Follow Eye on Tech on TikTok"><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@eyeontech" target="_blank" aria-label="Follow on TikTok"><i class="icon tiktok_icon"></i></a></li></ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="cls-hlb-wrapper-desktop">
|
||
<div class="ad-wrapper header-leaderboard ad-desktop">
|
||
<!-- AdsController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<div id="leaderboard" class="ad ad-lb"><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">GPT.display('leaderboard')</script></div></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!-- BreadcrumbsController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<section id="breadcrumb">
|
||
<div class="breadcrumbs">
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/">Home</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/resources/IT-Operations">IT Operations</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<div id="main-content" class="main-content">
|
||
<article id="content-columns" class="content-columns">
|
||
<!-- ContentItemController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<div class="top-gradient-bar"></div>
|
||
<header class="definition-header">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="eyebrow">Definition</span>
|
||
<h1 class="definition-title">IT incident management </h1>
|
||
|
||
<!-- GuideController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div id="content-left" class="content-left">
|
||
<!-- SocialMediaShareBarController, generated at 14:00:05 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<div id="rail-share-bar">
|
||
<aside id="social-icons-desktop-links">
|
||
<ul id="social-icons-desktop" class="share-bar-desktop">
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-desktop share-bar-title">Share this item with your network:</li>
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-desktop socialMedia-facebook" title="Share on Facebook" data-socialsite="facebook">
|
||
<a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Facebook share"><i class="icon" data-icon="u"></i></a>
|
||
<span class="count"></span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-desktop socialMedia-twitter" title="Share on X" data-socialsite="twitter" data-account="techtargetnews" data-related="">
|
||
<a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Twitter share"><i class="icon x_logo" data-icon="c"></i></a>
|
||
<span class="count"></span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-desktop socialMedia-linkedin" title="Share on LinkedIn" data-socialsite="linkedin">
|
||
<a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="LinkedIn share"><i class="icon" data-icon="o"></i></a>
|
||
<span class="count"></span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-desktop contentTools-print" title="Print This Page">
|
||
<a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Print this page"><i class="icon" data-icon="i"></i></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-desktop contentTools-email" title="Email a Friend">
|
||
<a href="#" target="_blank" aria-label="Email A Friend"><i class="icon" data-icon="n"></i></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content-center" class="content-center">
|
||
<!-- ContentItemController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="actions-bar">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="actions-bar-item actions-bar-chapters"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i></li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="actions-bar-item actions-bar-resources"><i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i></li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="actions-bar-item actions-bar-share"><i class="icon" data-icon="f"></i>
|
||
<aside id="social-icons-desktop">
|
||
<ul class="share-bar-mobile">
|
||
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-mobile socialMedia-facebook" title="Share on Facebook" data-socialsite="facebook">
|
||
<a href="#"><i class="icon" data-icon="u" aria-label="Facebook share"></i></a><span class="count"></span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-mobile socialMedia-twitter" title="Share on X" data-socialsite="twitter" data-account="techtargetnews" data-related="">
|
||
<a href="#"><i class="icon" data-icon="c" aria-label="Twitter share"></i></a><span class="count"></span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-mobile socialMedia-linkedin" title="Share on LinkedIn" data-socialsite="linkedin">
|
||
<a href="#"><i class="icon" data-icon="o" aria-label="LinkedIn share"></i></a><span class="count"></span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="share-bar-item-mobile contentTools-email" title="Email a Friend">
|
||
<a href="#"><i class="icon" data-icon="n" aria-label="Email A Friend"></i></a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul><section id="contributors-block">
|
||
<div class="main-article-author v2">
|
||
<span>By</span>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/contributor/Kinza-Yasar">Kinza Yasar,</a>
|
||
<span class="main-article-author-title">Technical Writer</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/contributor/Alexander-S-Gillis">Alexander S. Gillis,</a>
|
||
<span class="main-article-author-title">Technical Writer and Editor</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="main-article-author-date">
|
||
Published: <span>Jun 07, 2024</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section> <section class="section definition-section" data-menu-title="Definition" id="content-body">
|
||
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="What is IT incident management?">
|
||
<h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>What is IT incident management?</h2>
|
||
<p>IT incident management is a component of IT service management (<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/definition/ITSM">ITSM</a>) that aims to rapidly restore services to normal following an incident while minimizing adverse effects on the business.</p>
|
||
<p>An incident is an unexpected event that disrupts the normal operation of an IT service. The IT incident management process begins when an end user reports an issue and concludes when a service desk or <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchcustomerexperience/definition/help-desk">help desk</a> team member resolves it.</p>
|
||
<p>IT incident management helps keep an organization prepared for unexpected hardware, software and security failings and reduces the duration and severity of disruptions from these events. It can follow an established ITSM framework, such as the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/definition/ITIL">ITIL</a>) or <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/COBIT">COBIT</a>, short for Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies. It can also be based on a combination of guidelines and best practices established over time.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="Types of incidents">
|
||
<h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>Types of incidents</h2>
|
||
<p>Incidents are generally categorized using low, medium and high priority:</p>
|
||
<ul class="default-list">
|
||
<li>Low-priority incidents don’t interrupt end users, who typically can complete work despite the issue.</li>
|
||
<li>Medium-priority incidents are issues that affect end users, but the service disruption is either slight or brief.</li>
|
||
<li>High-priority incidents are issues that will affect large amounts of end users and prevent a system from functioning properly.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Incidents are classed as hardware, software or security, although a performance issue can often result from any combination of these areas. Software incidents typically include service availability problems or application bugs. Hardware incidents typically include downed or limited resources, network issues or other system outages. Security incidents encompass attempted and active threats intended to compromise or breach data. Unauthorized access to <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/definition/personally-identifiable-information-PII">personally identifiable information</a> and records is a security issue, for example.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="Roles in incident management">
|
||
<h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>Roles in incident management</h2>
|
||
<p>IT incident management typically consists of three tiers of support, often organized within the help desk or service desk structure. Most organizations use a support system, such as a ticketing system, for categorizing and prioritizing incidents. IT staff respond to each incident according to its prioritization level.</p>
|
||
<p>Common roles within the sphere of IT incident management include the following:</p>
|
||
<ul class="default-list">
|
||
<li><b>Incident manager.</b> An incident manager enforces the proper incident response and management processes across IT support and IT service delivery teams. This person can be involved in the organization's choice of ITSM framework. They work to improve how the company prevents and handles incidents over time, through <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/feature/7-risk-mitigation-strategies-to-protect-business-operations">risk mitigation strategies</a> and ongoing process improvements. The incident manager acts as a communication bridge between end users and technical specialists during disruptions, such as an email outage. The incident manager, along with the service desk staff, produces incident reports for critical business and IT services and they might lead a <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/project-post-mortem">post-mortem</a> on major incidents. They also maintain a knowledge base of problems and incidents.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Service desk manager.</b> The service desk manager frequently participates in the incident management process, primarily serving as first-line support. Their duties include incident logging and categorizing the incidents. In small and medium-sized organizations, service desk managers sometimes take on the incident manager role.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Service desk analysts.</b> Service desk analysts handle initial incident reports, log incidents and provide initial diagnosis and resolution. They also escalate issues as needed.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Level 1 support.</b> Level 1 support typically provides basic support or assistance, such as password resetting or computer <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/troubleshooting">troubleshooting</a>. Level 1 support involves incident identification, incident prioritization, logging and categorization, incident resolution and escalation to Level 2 support when appropriate. It involves technical staff trained to solve common incidents and fulfill basic service requests.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Level 2 support.</b> Level 2 support goes through a similar process for more complex issues that need more training, skill or security access to complete. Level 2 support includes IT staff with specific knowledge of the system in question.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Level 3 support.</b> Major incidents are given Level 3 support. This category includes incidents that disrupt a business's operation, are marked as a high priority and require an immediate response. Level 3 support team members are generally specialists in the subject matter of the incident. For example, a Level 3 support team could include the chief architect and engineers who work on the product or service's daily operation and maintenance.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Facilities manager.</b> The <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/tip/What-does-a-data-center-facility-manager-do">facilities manager oversees the maintenance</a> of the physical environment housing the IT infrastructure. This can include managing elements such as power and cooling systems, regulating building access and monitoring environmental conditions.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Change management team.</b> This team evaluates and sets up changes required to resolve incidents. A key focus of the <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/change-management">change management</a> team is to ensure that the changes adhere to organizational policies and best practices.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>In <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/definition/DevOps">DevOps</a> organizations, software developers are considered responsible for production-ready code under the mantra of "you build it, you own it." In the event of a software incident, the developer should provide incident response and management.</p>
|
||
<div class="youtube-iframe-container">
|
||
<iframe id="ytplayer-0" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yo7l3hn1H6I?autoplay=0&modestbranding=1&rel=0&widget_referrer=https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/IT-incident-management&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.techtarget.com" type="text/html" height="360" width="640" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="IT incident management process">
|
||
<h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>IT incident management process</h2>
|
||
<p>In practice, IT incident management often relies on temporary workarounds to ensure services are up and running while IT staff investigates the incident, identifies its root cause, and develops and rolls out a permanent fix. Workflows and processes in IT incident management differ depending on each IT organization and the issue they’re addressing.</p>
|
||
<p>A common <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/framework">framework</a> to understand IT incident management is through <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/feature/Plan-for-a-successful-ITIL-implementation">analyzing the ITIL process</a>. ITIL, trademarked by Axelos, is a widely used ITSM framework. ITIL incident management uses a workflow for efficient resolution: incident identification, logging, categorization, prioritization, response, diagnosis, escalation, resolution and recovery, and incident closure.</p>
|
||
<p>Typical steps involved in an IT incident management process include the following:</p>
|
||
<ol class="default-list">
|
||
<li><b>Incident identification.</b> Most IT incident management workflows begin with users and IT staff pre-emptively addressing potential incidents, such as a network slowdown. These incidents can also be reported through <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/feature/Compare-8-tools-for-IT-monitoring">notification and alert monitoring tools</a>.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Logging.</b> Once an incident is identified, it’s logged into the incident management system. This entails capturing relevant details such as the nature of the incident, how it's affecting the services, and what its initial diagnosis or assessment is. Documentation helps IT staff find previously unseen and recurring incident trends, address them, and review and <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/log-log-file">log</a> the incident for future reference. If a temporary workaround is in place, once the disruption to end users is mitigated, IT staff can develop a long-term fix.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Categorization.</b> Incidents are categorized based on their type, severity and effect on business operations. For example, they could be categorized as low-, medium- or high-priority incidents.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Prioritization.</b> After categorization, incidents are prioritized according to their urgency and importance. For example, Level 1, or low-priority incidents, are typically assigned to less experienced technicians, whereas higher-level incidents, such as Levels 2 and 3, are assigned to more experienced staff members.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Response.</b> The next step is to respond to the incident promptly and <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/feature/5-critical-steps-to-creating-an-effective-incident-response-plan">create an incident response plan</a>. This might involve opening incident tickets and communicating proactively with end users and stakeholders to provide updates on the incident status, resolution progress and any actions required from their end.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Diagnosis.</b> After the incident response, the IT team investigates the incident to determine its root cause and develop a resolution plan. This could involve analyzing logs, conducting tests or engaging with relevant stakeholders.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Escalation.</b> The first level of support performs the initial triage. If the incident can’t be resolved within a specified timeframe, it’s escalated to the higher tiers of support.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Resolution and recovery.</b> Once the root cause is identified and the issue is escalated appropriately, the IT support team takes the necessary measures to resolve the incident and restore services to normalcy. This might involve applying fixes, hardware and <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/5-reasons-software-updates-are-important">software upgrades</a> and creating workarounds.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Closure.</b> After the incident is resolved, it’s formally closed in the incident management system. This includes documenting actions taken and lessons learned during the process as well as updating relevant knowledge bases.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<figure class="main-article-image full-col" data-img-fullsize="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/steps_involved_in_the_it_incident_management_process-f.png">
|
||
<img data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/steps_involved_in_the_it_incident_management_process-f_mobile.png" class="lazy" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/steps_involved_in_the_it_incident_management_process-f_mobile.png 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/steps_involved_in_the_it_incident_management_process-f.png 1280w" alt="A chart showing IT incident management workflow. " height="314" width="560">
|
||
<figcaption>
|
||
<i class="icon pictures" data-icon="z"></i>An incident management workflow contains several steps, depending on the nature of the event.
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
<div class="main-article-image-enlarge">
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="w"></i>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<p>A focus on IT incident management processes and established best practices can minimize the duration of an incident, shorten recovery and resolution time and help prevent future issues. Clear, transparent and timely communication throughout the process should be maintained with stakeholders, including end users, IT staff and management. This ensures that everyone is aware of the status of the incident and its resolution.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="What are the benefits of IT incident management?">
|
||
<h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>What are the benefits of IT incident management?</h2>
|
||
<p>IT incident management offers the following key benefits that contribute to the efficient functioning of an organization's IT services:</p>
|
||
<ul class="default-list">
|
||
<li><b>Enhanced efficiency and productivity.</b> Incident management processes let help desk agents handle each incident promptly and consistently, improving efficiency and productivity. For example, with a well-defined IT incident management process, when a service experiences downtime, the incident is promptly logged, classified and directed to the relevant support team by service desk agents for expedited resolution.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Improved transparency and visibility.</strong> By following a structured incident management process, affected parties, customers and stakeholders are updated on the status of their tickets in real time, enhancing transparency in the resolution process.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Minimized downtime.</strong> Automated monitoring tools, alert systems and proactive monitoring practices identify issues promptly, helping IT teams initiate the incident response process without delay. By promptly addressing and resolving incidents, critical services and systems remain operational and downtime is minimized.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Improved customer satisfaction.</strong> Incident management processes help maintain service levels and meet agreed-upon service level agreements. Transparent communication, effective escalation and rapid resolution of incidents enhance overall customer satisfaction.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Enhanced collaboration and communication. </strong>Effective incident management improves stakeholder collaboration and enhances communication through well-defined roles and centralized communication channels, such as ticketing systems and regular status updates.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Continuous improvement.</strong> Incident management encourages a culture of <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searcherp/definition/kaizen-or-continuous-improvement">continuous improvement</a> by analyzing incidents, learning from them, and using the insights to enhance processes and overall IT service delivery. By addressing underlying causes and using corrective actions, organizations can proactively prevent similar incidents in the future, leading to more reliable service delivery and increased customer satisfaction.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Early risk identification.</strong> Incidents often highlight potential risks in IT systems. Effective incident management identifies these risks, enabling the early <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/francoisbotha/2024/06/02/four-steps-for-family-offices-to-start-managing-risks/?sh=25e1fd3240d6">adoption of preventive measures</a> to reduce the likelihood of future incidents.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="Is incident management related to ITIL?">
|
||
<h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>Is incident management related to ITIL?</h2>
|
||
<p>Incident management is a part of the ITIL framework. The following are some differences and similarities between the two concepts:</p>
|
||
<ul class="default-list">
|
||
<li>ITIL is a set of detailed practices for ITSM that focus on aligning IT services with the needs of the business.</li>
|
||
<li>Incident management is a key process within ITIL, aimed at restoring normal service operations as quickly as possible while minimizing the effect on business operations. It’s defined as one process area within the broader ITIL and <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/definition/ISO">International Organization for Standardization</a> 20000 environments.</li>
|
||
<li>The ITIL incident management process is designed to ensure that improvement potentials are derived from past incidents and to supply incident-related information to other service management processes.</li>
|
||
<li>Incident management is focused specifically on the management of IT incidents.</li>
|
||
<li>ITIL offers a thorough framework for incident management, from which organizations can follow or borrow to create their own IT and incident management processes.</li>
|
||
<li>Incident management teams are the frontline support when incidents occur, and their role is to identify and repair incidents to restore the defined service levels as quickly as possible.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="Incident management tools">
|
||
<h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>Incident management tools</h2>
|
||
<p>Help desk and incident management teams rely on a mix of tools to resolve incidents, such as <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/definition/IT-monitoring">monitoring</a> tools to gather operations data, <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/definition/root-cause-analysis">root cause analysis</a> systems, and incident management and automation platforms.</p>
|
||
<p>Common types of incident management tools include the following:</p>
|
||
<ul class="default-list">
|
||
<li><b>Monitoring tools.</b> Monitoring tools typically detect outages, trigger alerts and diagnose incidents. These tools also enable IT staff to pull operations data from across multiple systems, such as on-premises or cloud-based hardware and software.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Root cause analysis tools.</b> Root cause analysis tools help sort through operational data, such as logs that systems management, application performance monitoring and infrastructure monitoring tools collected. Root cause analysis tools help IT staff understand how a system operates and where any incidents reside.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Incident response tools.</b> These tools correlate with monitoring data and facilitate response to events, typically with a sophisticated escalation path and method to document the response process. Many incident management products establish escalation policies as well as create automated workflows, alerting users of incidents based on preconfigured parameters.</li>
|
||
<li><b>ITSM </b><b>service desk tools.</b> These tools log data such as what the incident was, what caused it and what steps were taken to solve the incident. For example, root cause analysis and auditing tools log and prioritize IT incidents using a self-service portal. They can log incidents by instance, classify them by level of effect and urgency, escalate them as required and perform analysis for future improvements.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Artificial intelligence and virtual agents. </b><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence">AI</a> and virtual agents are transforming incident management procedures. AI analyzes historical incidents to improve prediction, detection and resolution. Meanwhile, virtual agents, such as <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchcustomerexperience/definition/chatbot">chatbots</a>, provide instant responses to common inquiries and perform basic troubleshooting, freeing human agents to address more complex issues.</li>
|
||
<li><b>AIOps. </b><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/definition/AIOps">AIOps</a> integrates <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/machine-learning-ML">machine learning</a> and <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/definition/big-data">big data</a> to automate IT operations, enhancing the incident management process. By analyzing vast data sets in real time, <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/tip/A-guide-to-the-key-stages-of-AIOps">AIOps identifies patterns and anomalies</a> that could signal potential incidents. It can recommend options based on historical data, thereby improving incident resolution efficiency and enabling proactive incident prevention and mitigation.</li>
|
||
<li><b>VDocumentation.</b> Automated community-created sets of VMware PowerCLI scripts that can record changes in vSphere environments, facilitating incident documentation for post-mortem analysis. For example, teams can schedule PowerCLI scripts to run monthly, capturing incidents for detailed review.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>According to Gartner, the market includes vendors offering ready-to-use workflows to support different business requirements beyond IT. The list includes the following 10 vendors in alphabetical order:</p>
|
||
<ul class="default-list">
|
||
<li>4me.</li>
|
||
<li>Atlassian.</li>
|
||
<li>BMC Software.</li>
|
||
<li>Freshworks.</li>
|
||
<li>Ivanti.</li>
|
||
<li>ManageEngine.</li>
|
||
<li>OpenText.</li>
|
||
<li>ServiceNow.</li>
|
||
<li>SolarWinds.</li>
|
||
<li>TeamDynamix.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="section main-article-chapter" data-menu-title="Best practices in IT incident management">
|
||
<h2 class="section-title"><i class="icon" data-icon="1"></i>Best practices in IT incident management</h2>
|
||
<p>There are several <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/tip/Incident-response-best-practices-for-your-organization">best practices that organizations can follow</a> to effectively respond to unplanned IT events or service interruptions:</p>
|
||
<ul class="default-list">
|
||
<li><b>Define severity and priority levels. </b>IT teams should define severity and priority levels before an incident occurs, as this makes it easier for incident managers to gauge priority quickly.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Use incident tracking and ticketing systems. </b>IT teams should set up reliable incident tracking and ticketing systems to log, monitor and manage incidents throughout their lifecycle.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Record all activities.</b> IT incident management teams should always document everything in a single tool with as much detail as possible, regardless of the event's level, urgency or caller's position. Monitoring every occurrence reduces the time it takes to respond and resolve it. Automated systems are also available for log reconciliation.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Distinguish incidents from problems.</b> It's essential to distinguish between incidents and problems. Incidents refer to unplanned events or service interruptions, while problems are the not-yet-known root cause behind one or more incidents.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Establish clear communication channels.</b> Clear communication channels should be maintained with stakeholders, including end users, IT staff and management to provide updates on incident status and resolution progress.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Ensure team alignment.</b> Incident management teams should standardize procedures to guarantee that each member follows identical protocols and appropriate responses for every incident. This fosters consistent and uniform service quality across the board.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Identify escalation procedures.</b> Escalation paths should be defined for incidents that can’t be resolved by front-line support teams. Teams should also ensure that escalations are handled promptly and efficiently.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Use automation for incident management.</b> In addition to following best practices, turning to <a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/tip/Incident-response-automation-What-it-is-and-how-it-works">automation can help sustain service continuity</a> and reliable support during sudden incidents.</li>
|
||
<li><b>Test incident response plan.</b> The most effective method for practicing incident response is by simulating real incidents. Instead of merely discussing these steps, this approach lets IT teams systematically go through each step and execute it.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><i>Despite being used interchangeably, the terms </i>incident management<i> and </i>incident response<i> have distinct connotations. Learn the </i><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/tip/Incident-management-vs-incident-response-explained"><i>key differences between these terms</i></a><i> to effectively manage security incidents. </i></p>
|
||
</section></section>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<section class="section continue-reading" data-menu-title="Required Reading" id="required-reading">
|
||
<h4 class="section-title">
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="m"></i>
|
||
Continue Reading About IT incident management
|
||
</h4>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/feature/Top-10-incident-response-vendors">Top incident response service providers, vendors and software</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/tip/Cloud-incident-response-Frameworks-and-best-practices">Cloud incident response: Frameworks and best practices</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/feature/Incident-response-tools-How-when-and-why-to-use-them">Top incident response tools: How to choose and use them </a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/tip/The-benefits-of-network-wargaming-for-enterprises">The benefits of networking wargaming for enterprises</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/feature/Top-benefits-of-SOAR-tools-plus-potential-pitfalls-to-consider">Top benefits and challenges of SOAR tools</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</section>
|
||
|
||
<div class="ad-wrapper ad-inline ad-mobile">
|
||
<!-- AdsController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<div id="mobile-2" class="ad ad-mb"><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">GPT.display('mobile-2')</script></div></div>
|
||
<!-- RelatedTermsController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<section class="section related-terms" data-menu-title="Related Terms" id="related-terms">
|
||
<div class="related-terms-inner">
|
||
<h4>
|
||
Related Terms</h4>
|
||
<dl class="related-terms-list">
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/What-is-DevOps-Meaning-methodology-and-guide">What is DevOps? Meaning, methodology and guide</a>
|
||
</dt>
|
||
<dd>DevOps is a software development approach that brings development and IT operations teams together to deliver applications faster...<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/What-is-DevOps-Meaning-methodology-and-guide" class="definition-link">
|
||
See complete definition<i class="icon" data-icon="q"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/What-is-IT-automation-A-complete-guide-for-IT-teams">What is IT automation? A complete guide</a>
|
||
</dt>
|
||
<dd>IT automation uses instructions to create clear, consistent and repeatable processes that replace an IT professional's manual ...<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/What-is-IT-automation-A-complete-guide-for-IT-teams" class="definition-link">
|
||
See complete definition<i class="icon" data-icon="q"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/What-is-observability-The-ultimate-guide-for-IT-teams">What is observability? The ultimate guide for IT teams</a>
|
||
</dt>
|
||
<dd>Observability is a management strategy focused on keeping the most relevant, important and core issues at or near the top of an ...<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/What-is-observability-The-ultimate-guide-for-IT-teams" class="definition-link">
|
||
See complete definition<i class="icon" data-icon="q"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<!-- DigDeeperController, generated at 19:55:15 Wed Sep 9, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<section class="section dig-deeper" id="DigDeeperSplash">
|
||
<h4 class="section-title">
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="m"></i>Dig Deeper on IT Operations</h4>
|
||
<ul class="dig-deeper-list">
|
||
<li><a id="DigDeeperItem-1" href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/feature/Service-desk-automation-Benefits-examples-and-strategies">
|
||
<img class="lazy" data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/chatbot_g1144033172_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/chatbot_g1144033172_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/chatbot_g1144033172.jpg 1280w" alt="">
|
||
<h5>Service desk automation: Benefits, examples and strategies</h5>
|
||
<div class="author">
|
||
<div class="image-resize">
|
||
<img src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineImages/richards_kathleen.jpg" alt="KathleenRichards">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<span>By: <span>Kathleen Richards</span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a></li>
|
||
<li><a id="DigDeeperItem-2" href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/What-is-IT-service-management-ITSM">
|
||
<img class="lazy" data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/digdeeper/2.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/digdeeper/2_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/digdeeper/2.jpg 1280w" alt="">
|
||
<h5>What is IT service management (ITSM)?</h5>
|
||
<div class="author">
|
||
<div class="image-resize">
|
||
<img src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineImages/shacklett_mary.jpg" alt="MaryShacklett">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<span>By: <span>Mary Shacklett</span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a></li>
|
||
<li><a id="DigDeeperItem-3" href="https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/application-support-engineer-ASE">
|
||
<img class="lazy" data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/digdeeper/3.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/digdeeper/3_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/digdeeper/3.jpg 1280w" alt="">
|
||
<h5>What is an application support engineer (ASE)?</h5>
|
||
<div class="author">
|
||
<div class="image-resize">
|
||
<img src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineimages/awati_rahul.jpg" alt="RahulAwati">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<span>By: <span>Rahul Awati</span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a></li>
|
||
<li><a id="DigDeeperItem-4" href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-strategy/tip/Help-desk-vs-service-desk-Whats-the-difference">
|
||
<img class="lazy" data-src="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/searchSoftwareQuality/project_management/softwarequality_article_008_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg" data-srcset="https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/searchSoftwareQuality/project_management/softwarequality_article_008_searchsitetablet_520X173.jpg 960w,https://www.techtarget.com/visuals/searchSoftwareQuality/project_management/softwarequality_article_008.jpg 1280w" alt="">
|
||
<h5>Help desk vs. service desk: What's the difference?</h5>
|
||
<div class="author">
|
||
<div class="image-resize">
|
||
<img src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/onlineImages/bigelow_stephen.jpg" alt="StephenBigelow">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<span>By: <span>Stephen Bigelow</span></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<!-- CollectionController, generated at 17:36:49 Wed Sep 9, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="content-right" class="content-right">
|
||
<aside class="resources-bar desktop-resources-bar" id="resources-bar">
|
||
<!-- AdsController, generated at 14:58:03 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<div id="mu-top" class="ad ad-mu"><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">GPT.display('mu-top')</script></div><!-- VendorResourcesController, generated at 14:58:04 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<div class="resources-bar-header"><i class="icon" data-icon="l"></i>Sponsored News</div>
|
||
<ul class="resources-bar-list sponsored-news">
|
||
<li class="resources-bar-item">
|
||
<a rel="sponsored" href="https://www.techtarget.com/revcyclemanagement/GreenwayHealth/New-Years-Resolutions-5-Ways-To-Reduce-Provider-Burnout-and-Support-Your-Care-Teams">New Year’s Resolutions: 5 Ways To Reduce Provider Burnout and Support Your Care...</a>
|
||
<span>–Greenway Health</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="resources-bar-item">
|
||
<a rel="sponsored" href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/DellTechnologiesStorage/Your-backups-are-now-the-target-and-most-recovery-plans-arent-ready-for-it">Your backups are now the target, and most recovery plans aren't ready for it</a>
|
||
<span>–Dell Technologies</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="resources-bar-item see-more"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/sponsored_communities">See More</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="resources-bar-header"><i class="icon" data-icon="l"></i>Vendor Resources</div>
|
||
<ul class="resources-bar-list" id="vendorResourcesSplash">
|
||
<li class="resources-bar-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.bitpipe.com/detail/RES/1753717256_545.html">Virtual Desktop Managed Service</a>
|
||
<span>–OneAdvanced</span>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon=""></i>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="resources-bar-item">
|
||
<a href="https://www.bitpipe.com/detail/RES/1763498015_150.html">State of AI Incident Management Report 2025</a>
|
||
<span>–Atlassian</span>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon=""></i>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="ad-wrapper ad-embedded">
|
||
<div id="halfpage" class="ad ad-hp"><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">GPT.display('halfpage')</script></div>
|
||
<div id="mu-1" class="ad ad-mu"><script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">GPT.display('mu-1')</script></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</aside>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- GoogleAdSenseController, generated at 14:00:06 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<!-- NetworkCoverageController, generated at 14:00:06 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<section class="latest-wrapper" id="network-coverage">
|
||
<nav class="latest-nav-wrapper" aria-label="Latest Resources">
|
||
<span class="latest-heading">Latest TechTarget <span class="latest-title">resources</span></span>
|
||
<ul class="latest-nav">
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#" class="latest-nav-item selected" data-item="1">
|
||
AI & Emerging Tech<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i>
|
||
<i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#" class="latest-nav-item" data-item="2">
|
||
Cybersecurity<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i>
|
||
<i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#" class="latest-nav-item" data-item="3">
|
||
Data Technologies<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i>
|
||
<i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#" class="latest-nav-item" data-item="4">
|
||
Enterprise Software<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i>
|
||
<i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#" class="latest-nav-item" data-item="5">
|
||
IT Strategy<i class="icon mobile-icon" data-icon="5"></i>
|
||
<i class="icon desktop-icon" data-icon="A"></i>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<span class="latest-nav-mask before-mask"></span>
|
||
<span class="latest-nav-mask after-mask"></span>
|
||
<div class="latest-body">
|
||
<div class="latest-content" data-item="1">
|
||
<span class="ai">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/ai/">
|
||
AI & Emerging Tech</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/ai/feature/What-it-finally-takes-to-make-quantum-commercially-viable">What it finally takes to make quantum commercially viable</a></span>
|
||
<p>Turns out quantum computing still has several missing links on the road to commercial viability, including better fault tolerance...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/ai/feature/Key-enterprise-strategies-for-AI-agent-observability">Key enterprise strategies for AI agent observability</a></span>
|
||
<p>Monitoring AI agents encompasses three pillars: agent intent, method and outcome. Explore all three, along with best practices ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="hide-for-small">
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/ai/feature/To-justify-physical-AI-costs-choose-high-value-use-cases">To justify physical AI costs, choose high-value use cases</a></span>
|
||
<p>Physical AI is starting to drive business value in industries like manufacturing and healthcare. But the ROI calculus is subtle ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="latest-content" data-item="2">
|
||
<span class="cybersecurity">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/cybersecurity/">
|
||
Cybersecurity</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/cybersecurity/feature/EU-Cyber-Resilience-Act-reporting-What-CISOs-need-to-know">EU Cyber Resilience Act reporting: What CISOs need to know</a></span>
|
||
<p>The EU Cyber Resilience Act doesn't take full effect until 2027, but the mandatory vulnerability reporting deadline hits on ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/cybersecurity/news/366650159/Billington-Summit-highlights-blurring-public-private-cybersecurity-lines">Billington Summit highlights blurring public-private cybersecurity lines</a></span>
|
||
<p>At the Billington Cybersecurity Summit, public sector security experts address a threat landscape that no longer distinguishes ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="hide-for-small">
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/cybersecurity/news/366649598/Defenders-call-out-timing-of-OpenAI-defense-pledge-Astra-release">Defenders call out OpenAI defense pledge, Astra release timing</a></span>
|
||
<p>OpenAI pledged $1B to cyber defenders the same day it released Astra -- its most powerful offensive model yet. Some experts warn ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="latest-content" data-item="3">
|
||
<span class="datatechnologies">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/data-technologies/">
|
||
Data Technologies</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/data-technologies/news/366648767/Cloudera-partners-with-Mistral-to-bring-AI-to-users-data">Cloudera partners with Mistral to bring AI to users' data</a></span>
|
||
<p>The integration enables Cloudera customers to keep data secure when building and deploying agents and helps differentiate the ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/data-technologies/news/366650164/Databricks-launches-model-to-boost-data-retrieval-for-AI">Databricks launches model to boost data retrieval for AI</a></span>
|
||
<p>Adding sequential search to improve the speed and accuracy of responses to complex queries evolves existing capabilities and ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="hide-for-small">
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/data-technologies/tip/How-to-verify-the-value-of-AI-powered-business-analytics">How to verify the value of AI-powered business analytics</a></span>
|
||
<p>Executives can separate AI analytics capabilities from marketing hype by taking steps to confirm the platform improves ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="latest-content" data-item="4">
|
||
<span class="enterprisesoftware">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/enterprise-software/">
|
||
Enterprise Software</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/enterprise-software/tip/Learn-why-HR-governance-is-important-for-any-organization">Learn why HR governance is important for any organization</a></span>
|
||
<p>A governance framework helps establish a positive workplace culture and ensure fair treatment for employees. Learn more about why...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/enterprise-software/tip/AI-knowledge-base-automation-reshapes-customer-self-service">AI knowledge base automation reshapes customer self-service</a></span>
|
||
<p>Knowledge base automation can be a powerful tool to enhance customer self-service. Learn how AI-powered knowledge bases can ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="hide-for-small">
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/enterprise-software/podcast/Harnessing-AI-to-combat-AI-driven-candidate-fraud">Harnessing AI to combat AI-driven candidate fraud</a></span>
|
||
<p>In this podcast, Avature CEO Dimitri Boylan explains how AI enables threat actors and unqualified job candidates to infiltrate ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="latest-content" data-item="5">
|
||
<span class="itstrategy">
|
||
<a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-strategy/">
|
||
IT Strategy</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-strategy/feature/Why-hope-is-a-CIO-leadership-skill">Why hope is a CIO leadership skill</a></span>
|
||
<p>CIOs need to inspire teams as well as manage technology. Futurist Nikolas Badminton explains how hope can help leaders build ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-strategy/tip/How-to-build-an-experience-level-agreement">How to build an experience-level agreement</a></span>
|
||
<p>Properly built experience-level agreements prioritize UX over traditional metrics, focusing on business outcomes and employee ...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="hide-for-small">
|
||
<i class="icon" data-icon="2"></i>
|
||
<span><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-strategy/tip/14-need-to-know-tips-for-digital-transformation-success">14 need-to-know tips for digital transformation success</a></span>
|
||
<p>What separates a successful digital transformation implementation from a recipe for disaster? These 14 tips will help ensure your...</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<!-- FooterLinksController, generated at 14:00:06 Thu Sep 10, 2026, by cds1 -->
|
||
<footer id="page-footer">
|
||
<div class="content-left">
|
||
<!-- Plug in TechTarget Logo inside the anchor tag here. -->
|
||
<div class="column column-logo">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="content-center">
|
||
<ul class="column">
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-1"><a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/editorial/">About Us</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-2"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/techtarget-editorial-ethics-policy">Editorial Ethics Policy</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-3"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/editorial-contacts">Meet The Editors</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-4"><a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-5"><a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/for-advertisers/">Advertisers</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-6"><a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/partner-with-us/">Partner with Us</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-7"><a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/TechTarget-Media-Kit-Handout-with-product-descriptions.pdf">Media Kit</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-1 footer-item-row-8"><a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/">Corporate Site</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul class="column">
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-1"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/contributors">Contributors</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-2"><a href="https://licensing.ygsgroup.com/ygspublishersolutions/">Reprints</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-3"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/answers">Answers</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-4"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definitions">Definitions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-5"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/eproducts">E-Products</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-6"><a href="https://www.brighttalk.com/summits">Events</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-2 footer-item-row-7"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/features">Features</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<ul class="column column-mobile-hidden">
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-1"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/guides">Guides</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-2"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/opinions">Opinions</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-3"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/photostories">Photo Stories</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-4"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/quizzes">Quizzes</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-5"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/tips">Tips</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-6"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/tutorials">Tutorials</a></li>
|
||
<li class="footer-item footer-item-col-3 footer-item-row-7"><a href="https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/videos">Videos</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="content-right">
|
||
<div class="column column-legal">
|
||
<p class="footer-legal">
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/terms-of-use">©2026 TechTarget</a>, Inc. d/b/a Informa TechTarget.</span>
|
||
All Rights Reserved. <br />
|
||
<br />
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a href="https://www.informatechtarget.com/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
<br />
|
||
<span id="cPref" >
|
||
<a href="#" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; window._sp_.gdpr.loadPrivacyManagerModal(1048617,'purposes')" data-cf-modified-43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-="">Cookie Preferences </a>
|
||
<br />
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span id="cPrefCCPA" style="display:none">
|
||
<a href="#" onclick="if (!window.__cfRLUnblockHandlers) return false; window._sp_.usnat.loadPrivacyManagerModal('1048406')" data-cf-modified-43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-="">Cookie Preferences </a>
|
||
<br />
|
||
</span>
|
||
<span>
|
||
<a href="https://techtarget.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/requests/new?ticket_form_id=360004852434">Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information</a></span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer><script src="https://www.techtarget.com/rms/ux/responsive/js/responsive-ui.min.js?v=9.86" type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript"></script><!-- Begin Chartbeat -->
|
||
<script type="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-text/javascript">
|
||
var _sf_async_config={};
|
||
_sf_async_config.uid = 41935;
|
||
_sf_async_config.domain = 'techtargetnetwork.com';
|
||
_sf_async_config.sections = 'ttitinfra, ttitinfra - IT Operations';
|
||
_sf_async_config.authors = 'Kinza Yasar, DEFINITION, ttitinfra - DEFINITION';
|
||
_sf_async_config.useCanonical = true;
|
||
</script><!-- End Chartbeat -->
|
||
<!-- Begin STRUCTUREDDATA -->
|
||
<script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/IT-incident-management"},"datePublished":"2024-06-07T15:39Z","name":"IT incident management","author":[{"name":"Kinza Yasar","@type":"Person"},{"name":"Alexander S. Gillis","@type":"Person"}],"publisher":{"name":"TechTarget","logo":{"url":"https://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/rms/amp/amp_teal_logo_115_60.png","height":60,"width":115,"@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"image":"https://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/rms/amp/AMPdefaultImage.jpg","description":"IT incident management is a component of IT service management (ITSM) that aims to rapidly restore services to normal following an incident while minimizing adverse effects on the business.","keywords":{"url":"https://www.techtarget.com/it-infrastructure/definition/IT-incident-management","name":"IT incident management","description":"IT incident management is a component of IT service management (ITSM) that aims to rapidly restore services to normal following an incident while minimizing adverse effects on the business.","@type":"DefinedTerm"},"headline":"IT incident management","@type":"Article","hasPart":{"cssSelector":".paywall","@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false},"isAccessibleForFree":false,"@context":"https://schema.org"}</script>
|
||
<script type="application/ld+json">{"uploadDate":"2019-11-14T10:20Z","name":"What is Incident Response and Why is it Important?","duration":"PT2M38S","embedUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/yo7l3hn1H6I","thumbnailUrl":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/yo7l3hn1H6I/mqdefault.jpg","description":"In the unfortunate event of an IT emergency, an incident response team is crucial. Incident response teams are not only responsible for reacting to emergencies, but also preparing for and preventing them. Learn more about incident response in business IT.\n\nIn business and IT, an incident -- or emergency -- can be anything from cyber threats, to data breaches, to natural disasters. Incident response is handled by an incident response team, working strategically from an incident response plan. Incident response teams are typically comprised on smaller groups, including a computer emergency response team (CERT) and a computer security incident response team (CSIRT), operating from a security operations center (SOC). Incident response teams are trained to react to both public and corporate -- or organizational -- incidents. \n\nLet us know what you think about incident response in the comments below. And please hit the like button.\n\n\nRead more about incident response: https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/incident-response/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=description&utm_campaign=yo7l3hn1H6I&offer=video-yo7l3hn1H6I\n\nSubscribe to Eye on Tech for more videos covering the latest in business technology, including security, networking, AI, DevOps, enterprise strategy, storage, devices and more: https://www.youtube.com/EyeOnTech\n\nStay up on the latest enterprise security news: https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com\n\nFollow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/SearchSecurity\n\nLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SearchSecurity.com/\n\n#IncidentResponse #DataBreach #EyeOnTech","@type":"VideoObject","@context":"https://schema.org"}</script><!-- End STRUCTUREDDATA -->
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="mobile-sidebars" class="mobile-sidebars">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="image-overlay" class="image-overlay">
|
||
<div class="image-overlay-img"></div>
|
||
<div class="image-overlay-close">Close</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Component Load Times
|
||
====================
|
||
DefaultPageController=73 ms
|
||
PinnedNavBarController=119 ms
|
||
AdsController=0 ms
|
||
BreadcrumbsController=1 ms
|
||
ContentItemController=18 ms
|
||
GuideController=0 ms
|
||
RelatedTermsController=4 ms
|
||
VendorResourcesController=39 ms
|
||
|
||
Total time=254 ms
|
||
Request Serving Server: cds1
|
||
-->
|
||
<script src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/7d0fa10a/cloudflare-static/rocket-loader.min.js" data-cf-settings="43c47ad649c7b5fc48027568-|49" defer></script><script type="module" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v31edd6df95cf4e85bb4c19e7a9bdbcba1788362987495" integrity="sha512-iIg7k2xntmwu6/uSb5tpc/hySgZc4eoL31yB29W6tJFo2akwjPWcEqnCEdJvGexCL0KEQwVYv5BlowfhVz26hg==" data-cf-beacon='{"version":"2024.11.0","token":"9a304ef27e94431ca1278b62c9487931","spa":2}' crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
|
||
<script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||(a.contentWindow&&a.contentWindow.document);if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a3937d12cdb82f0b',t:'MTc4OTA5NjMyMw=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body>
|
||
</html>
|