Add: Prometheus+Grafana+NodeExporter monitoring deployment guide for MacMini
This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
|
||||
# Prometheus + Grafana + Node Exporter 监控部署方案
|
||||
|
||||
> 部署日期：2026-04-15
|
||||
> 架构：Ubuntu2 (Prometheus + Grafana) + MacMini M4 (Node Exporter 原生安装)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 整体架构
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||||
│ 本地网络 (LAN) │
|
||||
│ │
|
||||
│ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ │
|
||||
│ │ MacMini │ │ Ubuntu2 │ │
|
||||
│ │ M4 Chip │◄───── 抓取 ───────► │ (Prometheus │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ 192.168.3.189 │ + Grafana) │ │
|
||||
│ │ Node Exp. │ :9100 │ 192.168.3.45 │ │
|
||||
│ │ (原生) │ │ │ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │ :9090 Prometheus│ │
|
||||
│ │ │ │ :3000 Grafana │ │
|
||||
│ └──────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ │
|
||||
│ │
|
||||
│ └──► 浏览器访问 Dashboard ───► │
|
||||
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 组件说明
|
||||
|
||||
| 组件 | 服务器 | IP | 端口 | 版本 |
|
||||
|------|--------|-----|------|------|
|
||||
| Prometheus | Ubuntu2 | 192.168.3.45 | 9090 | v2.51.0 |
|
||||
| Grafana | Ubuntu2 | 192.168.3.45 | 3000 | 10.4.0 |
|
||||
| node-exporter | MacMini | 192.168.3.189 | 9100 | 1.11.1 |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 第一部分：Ubuntu2 部署 Prometheus + Grafana
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.1 创建目录结构
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 在 Ubuntu2 上执行
|
||||
mkdir -p ~/docker/prometheus
|
||||
mkdir -p ~/docker/grafana/provisioning/datasources
|
||||
mkdir -p ~/docker/grafana/provisioning/dashboards
|
||||
mkdir -p ~/docker/grafana/data
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.2 Prometheus 配置
|
||||
|
||||
**文件：~/docker/prometheus/docker-compose.yml**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
version: '3.8'
|
||||
|
||||
services:
|
||||
prometheus:
|
||||
image: prom/prometheus:v2.51.0
|
||||
container_name: prometheus
|
||||
restart: unless-stopped
|
||||
network_mode: host
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
|
||||
- prometheus-data:/prometheus
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
|
||||
- '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
|
||||
- '--web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries'
|
||||
- '--web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles'
|
||||
- '--web.enable-lifecycle'
|
||||
extra_hosts:
|
||||
- "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
|
||||
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
prometheus-data:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**文件：~/docker/prometheus/prometheus.yml**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
global:
|
||||
scrape_interval: 15s
|
||||
evaluation_interval: 15s
|
||||
|
||||
scrape_configs:
|
||||
# Prometheus 自身监控
|
||||
- job_name: 'prometheus'
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets: ['localhost:9090']
|
||||
|
||||
# MacMini node-exporter
|
||||
- job_name: 'macmini'
|
||||
static_configs:
|
||||
- targets: ['192.168.3.189:9100']
|
||||
scrape_interval: 30s
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.3 Grafana 配置
|
||||
|
||||
**文件：~/docker/grafana/docker-compose.yml**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
version: '3.8'
|
||||
|
||||
services:
|
||||
grafana:
|
||||
image: grafana/grafana:10.4.0
|
||||
container_name: grafana
|
||||
restart: unless-stopped
|
||||
ports:
|
||||
- "3000:3000"
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- ./provisioning/datasources:/etc/grafana/provisioning/datasources
|
||||
- ./provisioning/dashboards:/etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards
|
||||
- ./data:/var/lib/grafana
|
||||
environment:
|
||||
- GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=admin
|
||||
- GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin123
|
||||
- GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP=false
|
||||
extra_hosts:
|
||||
- "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**文件：~/docker/grafana/provisioning/datasources/datasource.yml**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: 1
|
||||
|
||||
datasources:
|
||||
- name: Prometheus
|
||||
type: prometheus
|
||||
access: proxy
|
||||
url: http://host.docker.internal:9090
|
||||
uid: prometheus
|
||||
isDefault: true
|
||||
editable: false
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**文件：~/docker/grafana/provisioning/dashboards/dashboard.yml**
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
apiVersion: 1
|
||||
|
||||
providers:
|
||||
- name: 'default'
|
||||
orgId: 1
|
||||
folder: ''
|
||||
type: file
|
||||
disableDeletion: false
|
||||
allowUiUpdates: true
|
||||
updateIntervalSeconds: 10
|
||||
options:
|
||||
path: /etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.4 启动服务
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cd ~/docker/prometheus && docker compose up -d
|
||||
cd ~/docker/grafana && docker compose up -d
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.5 验证状态
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 检查容器状态
|
||||
docker ps
|
||||
|
||||
# 检查 Prometheus targets
|
||||
curl http://localhost:9090/api/v1/targets
|
||||
|
||||
# 验证指标存在
|
||||
curl -s http://localhost:9090/api/v1/query?query=up
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 第二部分：MacMini 部署 Node Exporter（原生安装）
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.1 重要说明
|
||||
|
||||
> **重要**：在 MacMini 上必须使用原生安装，不能用 Docker！
|
||||
>
|
||||
> **原因**：Docker Desktop for Mac 运行在 Linux VM 中，Docker 版的 node-exporter 只能看到 VM 的资源（约 8GB），无法看到真实的 Mac 硬件（16GB）。
|
||||
>
|
||||
> ```
|
||||
> Mac Mini M4 (16GB) ← 原生 node-exporter 才能看到真实硬件
|
||||
> ↓
|
||||
> Linux VM (Docker) ← Docker node-exporter 只能看到 VM 资源 (~8GB)
|
||||
> ↓
|
||||
> Docker 容器 ← 只能看到 VM 的资源
|
||||
> ```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.2 安装 Node Exporter
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 使用 Homebrew 安装
|
||||
/opt/homebrew/bin/brew install node_exporter
|
||||
|
||||
# 验证安装
|
||||
node_exporter --version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.3 创建启动脚本
|
||||
|
||||
**文件：~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.node_exporter.plist**
|
||||
|
||||
```xml
|
||||
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
|
||||
<plist version="1.0">
|
||||
<dict>
|
||||
<key>Label</key>
|
||||
<string>homebrew.node_exporter</string>
|
||||
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
|
||||
<array>
|
||||
<string>/opt/homebrew/opt/node_exporter/bin/node_exporter</string>
|
||||
<string>--web.listen-address=:9100</string>
|
||||
</array>
|
||||
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
|
||||
<true/>
|
||||
<key>KeepAlive</key>
|
||||
<true/>
|
||||
</dict>
|
||||
</plist>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.4 启动服务
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 停止并移除旧的 Docker 版本（如果存在）
|
||||
/Applications/Docker.app/Contents/Resources/bin/docker stop node-exporter
|
||||
/Applications/Docker.app/Contents/Resources/bin/docker rm node-exporter
|
||||
|
||||
# 加载 launchd 服务
|
||||
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.node_exporter.plist
|
||||
|
||||
# 启动服务
|
||||
launchctl start homebrew.node_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.5 验证安装
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 检查服务状态
|
||||
launchctl list | grep node
|
||||
|
||||
# 检查进程
|
||||
ps aux | grep node_exporter | grep -v grep
|
||||
|
||||
# 检查端口
|
||||
lsof -i :9100
|
||||
|
||||
# 验证指标（本地）
|
||||
curl http://localhost:9100/metrics | head
|
||||
|
||||
# 验证总内存（应该显示 16GB）
|
||||
curl -s http://localhost:9100/metrics | grep total_bytes
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2.6 管理命令
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 查看状态
|
||||
launchctl list | grep node
|
||||
|
||||
# 停止服务
|
||||
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.node_exporter.plist
|
||||
|
||||
# 重启服务
|
||||
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.node_exporter.plist
|
||||
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.node_exporter.plist
|
||||
|
||||
# 查看日志
|
||||
cat /var/log/system.log | grep node_exporter
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 第三部分：访问和使用
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.1 访问地址
|
||||
|
||||
| 服务 | 地址 | 用户名 | 密码 |
|
||||
|------|------|--------|------|
|
||||
| Prometheus | http://192.168.3.45:9090 | - | - |
|
||||
| Grafana | http://192.168.3.45:3000 | admin | admin123 |
|
||||
|
||||
### 3.2 导入 Dashboard
|
||||
|
||||
**官方 Dashboard（推荐）**
|
||||
|
||||
1. 打开 Grafana: http://192.168.3.45:3000
|
||||
2. 点击左侧菜单 Dashboards → + New → Import
|
||||
3. 输入 Dashboard ID: 1860（Node Exporter Full）
|
||||
4. 选择 Prometheus 数据源
|
||||
5. 点击 Import
|
||||
|
||||
**变量设置（官方 Dashboard）**
|
||||
|
||||
官方 Dashboard 使用变量 $node 和 $job，需要在 Grafana 中设置：
|
||||
|
||||
1. 打开 Dashboard → 点击右上角 Dashboard settings（齿轮图标）
|
||||
2. 选择 Variables
|
||||
3. 添加/编辑变量：
|
||||
- node: label_values(node_memory_total_bytes, instance) 或手动输入 192.168.3.189:9100
|
||||
- job: label_values(node_memory_total_bytes, job) 或手动输入 macmini
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 第四部分：运维管理
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 重启服务
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Ubuntu2 - Prometheus
|
||||
cd ~/docker/prometheus && docker compose restart
|
||||
|
||||
# Ubuntu2 - Grafana
|
||||
cd ~/docker/grafana && docker compose restart
|
||||
|
||||
# MacMini - Node Exporter
|
||||
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.node_exporter.plist
|
||||
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.node_exporter.plist
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 更新 Prometheus 配置后重载
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# 热重载（无需重启 Prometheus）
|
||||
curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.3 常见问题排查
|
||||
|
||||
**问题：Grafana 显示 "Datasource not found"**
|
||||
- 原因：Dashboard 中的 datasource UID 与实际不匹配
|
||||
- 解决：检查 datasource.yml 中的 uid 是否与 Dashboard 中的匹配
|
||||
|
||||
**问题：Prometheus 无法抓取 MacMini 指标**
|
||||
- 检查网络连通性：curl http://192.168.3.189:9100/metrics
|
||||
- 检查 Prometheus targets：curl http://localhost:9090/api/v1/targets
|
||||
|
||||
**问题：Mac mini 内存显示 7.6GB 而不是 16GB**
|
||||
- 原因：使用了 Docker 版 node-exporter
|
||||
- 解决：改用原生安装（见第二部分）
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 第五部分：技术备注
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.1 macOS 与 Linux 指标差异
|
||||
|
||||
Node Exporter 在 macOS 上的指标名称与 Linux 略有不同：
|
||||
|
||||
| 描述 | Linux | macOS |
|
||||
|------|-------|-------|
|
||||
| 总内存 | node_memory_MemTotal_bytes | node_memory_total_bytes |
|
||||
| 可用内存 | node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes | node_memory_free_bytes |
|
||||
| CPU | node_cpu_seconds_total | node_cpu_seconds_total (相同) |
|
||||
| 负载 | node_load1 | node_load1 (相同) |
|
||||
| 磁盘 | node_disk_* | node_disk_* (相同) |
|
||||
| 网络 | node_network_* | node_network_* (相同) |
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.2 Docker Desktop for Mac 网络说明
|
||||
|
||||
network_mode: host 在 Docker Desktop for Mac 上的行为：
|
||||
|
||||
| 环境 | host 模式绑定到 |
|
||||
|------|----------------|
|
||||
| Linux 宿主机 | 宿主机的网络接口 (正常) |
|
||||
| Docker Desktop (Mac/Win) | Linux VM 的网络接口 (异常) |
|
||||
|
||||
因此在 MacMini 上使用 Docker 版会绑定到 VM 网络，导致外部无法访问。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.3 指标数量对比
|
||||
|
||||
| 安装方式 | node_* 指标数 | 内存显示 |
|
||||
|----------|--------------|----------|
|
||||
| Docker 版 | ~1348 | ~7.6GB (VM) |
|
||||
| 原生版 | ~1966 | 16GB (真实) |
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.4 监控数据流向
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
MacMini 原生 Node Exporter (:9100)
|
||||
↓ HTTP (LAN)
|
||||
Ubuntu2 Prometheus (:9090)
|
||||
↓ 查询
|
||||
Grafana (:3000) ← 浏览器访问
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 文件清单
|
||||
|
||||
### Ubuntu2 文件结构
|
||||
```
|
||||
~/docker/
|
||||
├── prometheus/
|
||||
│ ├── docker-compose.yml
|
||||
│ └── prometheus.yml
|
||||
└── grafana/
|
||||
├── docker-compose.yml
|
||||
├── data/
|
||||
└── provisioning/
|
||||
├── datasources/
|
||||
│ └── datasource.yml
|
||||
└── dashboards/
|
||||
├── dashboard.yml
|
||||
└── node-exporter.json (可选)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### MacMini 文件结构
|
||||
```
|
||||
~/Library/LaunchAgents/
|
||||
└── homebrew.node_exporter.plist
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 相关链接
|
||||
|
||||
- Prometheus: https://prometheus.io/
|
||||
- Grafana: https://grafana.com/
|
||||
- Node Exporter: https://prometheus.io/docs/guides/node-exporter/
|
||||
- 官方 Dashboard: https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/1860-node-exporter-full/
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*最后更新：2026-04-15 by 云瀚 🌊*
|
||||
0
raw/2025 年 11 个神级 AI 开源平替，GitHub 杀疯了。.md
Normal file
0
raw/2025 年 11 个神级 AI 开源平替，GitHub 杀疯了。.md
Normal file
Reference in New Issue
Block a user