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wiki/concepts/WSL.md
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title: "WSL"
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type: concept
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tags: []
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last_updated: 2026-04-18
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---
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## Summary
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- Windows Subsystem for Linux(Windows Linux 子系统),Microsoft 开发的在 Windows 上运行 Linux 发行版的兼容层
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- 允许开发者直接在 Windows 上使用 Linux 工具、实用程序和 Bash,无需传统虚拟机或双系统启动
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## Key Features
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- 与 Windows 无缝集成,文件系统共享
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- 支持多个 Linux 发行版(Ubuntu、Debian、SUSE、Kali 等)
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- 可通过 Windows Terminal 管理
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- 直接调用 Windows 程序
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## Versions
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- WSL 1:一代架构,Linux 系统调用转换为 Windows API
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- WSL 2:二代架构,使用轻量级虚拟机,运行完整 Linux 内核,性能更优
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## Installation
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- Windows 10 2004+ 或 Windows 11:使用 `wsl --install` 一键安装
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- 老版本:手动安装,需启用"适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统"可选组件
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## Commands
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- `wsl --install`:一键安装(默认 Ubuntu)
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- `wsl -l -v`:列出已安装发行版
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- `wsl --set-version <Distro> <1|2>`:设置版本
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- `wsl -d <Distro>`:启动指定发行版
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## Connections
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- [[Ubuntu]] ← default_distro ← [[WSL]]
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- [[WSL2]] ← extends ← [[WSL]]
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- [[Windows Terminal]] ← manages ← [[WSL]]
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- [[PowerShell]] ← invokes ← [[WSL]]
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## Wiki Connections
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- [[Install WSL]] → describes → [[WSL]]
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- [[WSL2 启动与网络配置指南]] → describes → [[WSL2]]
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