23 lines
272 KiB
HTML
23 lines
272 KiB
HTML
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</script><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="DevOps & SRE" href="https://cloudblog.withgoogle.com/products/devops-sre/rss"><title>Do you have an SRE team yet? How to start and assess your journey. | Google Cloud Blog</title><meta name="description" content="This post shares checklists you can use when you’re trying to move your team toward an SRE model. These checklists can be useful as a form of industry benchmark."><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta property="og:title" content="Do you have an SRE team yet? 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These checklists can be useful as a form of industry benchmark.","image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/12_-_DevOps__SRE_qBRZDbA.max-2600x2600.jpg","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Gustavo Franco","url":""}],"datePublished":"2019-01-26","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Google Cloud","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.gstatic.com/cgc/google-cloud-logo.svg"}},"url":"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-to-start-and-assess-your-sre-journey","keywords":["DevOps \u0026 SRE","Google Cloud"],"timeRequired":"PT6M"}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-to-start-and-assess-your-sre-journey/"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_title" content="Do you have an SRE team yet? How to start and assess your journey."><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_labels" content="DevOps & SRE"><meta name="track-metadata-page_first_published" content="2019-01-25 17:01:00"><meta name="published_time" content="2019-01-25T17:00:01-0800"><meta name="track-metadata-page_last_published" content="2019-01-25 17:01:00"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_author" content="Gustavo Franco"><meta name="track-metadata-page_post_author_role" content="Customer Reliability Engineer"><meta name="authors" content="Gustavo Franco"><meta name="page" content="38659"><meta name="locale" content="en"><meta name="content_type" content="blog.articlepage"><meta name="tags" content="DevOps & SRE,Google Cloud"><meta name="read_duration" content="6"><header jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="o60eef" class="glue-header nRhiJb-tJHJj-OWXEXe-kFx1Ae" id="kO001e"><a href="./#content" class="glue-header__link glue-header__skip-content">Jump to Content</a><div class="glue-header__bar 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How to start and assess your journey</div></h1></div></div><div class="nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe dEogG">January 25, 2019</div></div></section><div class="EKklye"><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf ZWw7T"><div class="npzWPc"><div class="dzoHJ"><div class="nRhiJb-DX2B6 nRhiJb-DX2B6-OWXEXe-h30Snd"><div class="nRhiJb-j5y3u"><ul class="nRhiJb-Qijihe phRaUe" role="list"><li class="hpHPGf"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=Do%20you%20have%20an%20SRE%20team%20yet?%20How%20to%20start%20and%20assess%20your%20journey%20@googlecloud&url=https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-to-start-and-assess-your-sre-journey" track-name="x"track-type="social share"track-metadata-eventdetail="x.com/intent/tweet?text=Do you have an SRE team yet? 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How to start and assess your journey&body=Check%20out%20this%20article%20on%20the%20Cloud%20Blog:%0A%0ADo you have an SRE team yet? How to start and assess your journey%0A%0AThis post shares checklists you can use when you’re trying to move your team toward an SRE model. These checklists can be useful as a form of industry benchmark.%0A%0Acloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-to-start-and-assess-your-sre-journey"track-metadata-module="social icons" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><svg class="nRhiJb-Bz112c nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-DX2B6 nRhiJb-Bz112c-OWXEXe-nSuQf" viewBox="0 0 24 24" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm-.8 2L12 10.8 4.8 6h14.4zM4 18V7.87l8 5.33 8-5.33V18H4z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div><section class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-cGMI2b"><section class="DA9Qj nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-c5RTEf"></div><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-qWD73c"><h5 class="cHE8Ub Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c">Gustavo Franco</h5><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM khCp7b">Customer Reliability Engineer</p></div></section></div></section><div class="nRhiJb-DARUcf"><div class="nRhiJb-ObfsIf nRhiJb-DbgRPb-wNfPc-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-qWD73c-cGMI2b"><div class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-ibL1re dzoHJ"></div><div class="OYL9D nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-OiUrBf" jsname="tx2NYc"><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="M0Q3Qb" data-is-cws-richtext="true" class=" "><p>We’re pleased to announce that <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/toc/" target="_blank">The Site Reliability Workbook is available in HTML now</a>! Site Reliability Engineering (SRE), as it has come to be generally defined at Google, is what happens when you ask a software engineer to solve an operational problem. <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/sre-vs-devops-competing-standards-or-close-friends">SRE is an essential part</a> of engineering at Google. It’s a mindset, and a set of practices, metrics, and prescriptive ways to ensure systems reliability. The new workbook is designed to give you actionable tips on getting started with SRE and maturing your SRE practice. We’ve included links to specific chapters of the workbook that align with our tips throughout this post.</p><p>We’re often asked what implementing SRE means in practice, since our customers face challenges quantifying their success when setting up their own SRE practices. In this post, we’re sharing a couple of checklists to be used by members of an organization responsible for any high-reliability services. These will be useful when you’re trying to move your team toward an SRE model. Implementing this model at your organization can benefit both your services and teams due to higher service reliability, lower operational cost, and higher-value work for the humans.</p><p>But how can you tell how far you have progressed along this journey? While there is no simple or canonical answer, you can see below a non-exhaustive list to check your progress, organized as checklists by ascending order of maturity of a team. Within every checklist, the items are roughly in chronological order, but we do recognize that any given team’s actual needs and priorities may vary.</p><p>If you’re part of a mature SRE team, these checklists can be useful as a form of industry benchmark, and we’d love to encourage others to <a href="https://twitter.com/sreworkbook?lang=en" target="_blank">publish theirs as well</a>. Of course, SRE isn’t an exact science, and challenges arise along the way. You may not get to 100% completion of the items here, but we’ve learned at Google that SRE is an ongoing journey. </p></div></section><section class="Wy08Ac nRhiJb-qJTHM-OWXEXe-hJDwNd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md" jscontroller="M0Q3Qb" data-is-cws-richtext="true" class=" "><h3>SRE: Just getting started</h3><p>The following three practices are key principles of SRE, but can largely be adopted by any team responsible for production systems, regardless of its name, before and in parallel to staffing an SRE team.</p><ul><li>Some <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/implementing-slos" target="_blank">service-level objectives (SLOs) have been defined</a> (jointly with developers and business owners, if you aren’t part of one of these groups) and are met most months.<br></li><li>There's a culture of authoring <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/postmortem-culture" target="_blank">blameless postmortems</a>.<br></li><li>There's a process to <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/incident-response" target="_blank">manage production incidents</a>. It may be company-wide.<br></li></ul><h3>Beginner SRE teams</h3><p>Most, if not all, SRE teams at Google have established the following practices and characteristics. We generally view these as fundamental to an effective SRE team, unless there are good reasons why they aren’t feasible for a specific team’s circumstances.</p><ul><li>A <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles" target="_blank">staffing and hiring plan is in place</a> and funding has been approved.<br></li><li>Once staffed, the <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/on-call" target="_blank">team may be on-call for some services</a> while taking at least part of the operational load (toil).<br></li><li>There is documentation for the <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/how-sre-relates" target="_blank">release process, service setup, teardown</a> (and failover, if applicable).<br></li><li>A <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/canarying-releases" target="_blank">canary process for releases</a> has been evaluated as a function of the SLO.<br></li><li>A <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/how-sre-relates" target="_blank">rollback mechanism is in place where it’s applicable</a> (though it’s understood that this is a nontrivial exercise when mobile applications are involved, for example).<br></li><li>An <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/on-call" target="_blank">operational playbook/runbook should exist</a>, even if not complete.<br></li><li>Theoretical (role-playing) <a href="https://landing.google.com/sre/book/chapters/accelerating-sre-on-call.html" target="_blank">disaster recovery testing</a> takes place, at least annually.<br></li><li>SRE <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles" target="_blank">plans and executes project work</a>, which may not be immediately visible by their developer counterparts, such as operational load reduction efforts that may not need developer buy-in.</li></ul><p>The following practices are also common for SRE teams starting out. If they don’t exist, that can be a sign of poor team health and sustainability issues:</p><ul><li>Enough on-call load to exercise <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/on-call" target="_blank">incident response procedures</a> on a regular (i.e., weekly) basis.<br></li><li>An <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles" target="_blank">SRE team charter</a> that’s been reviewed by the appropriate leadership beyond SRE (i.e., CTO).<br></li><li>Periodic meetings between <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/reaching-beyond" target="_blank">SRE and developer leadership</a> to discuss issues and goals and share information.<br></li><li>Project planning and execution is <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles" target="_blank">done jointly by developers and SRE</a>. SRE work and positive impact is visible to developer leadership.</li></ul><h3>Intermediate SRE teams </h3><p>These characteristics are common in mature teams and generally indicate that the team is taking a proactive approach to efficient management of its services.</p><ul><li>There are periodic <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/engagement-model" target="_blank">reviews of SRE project work and impact</a> with business leaders.<br></li><li>There are periodic <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/implementing-slos" target="_blank">reviews of SLIs and SLOs</a> with business leaders.<br></li><li>There’s a low volume of toil overall; <=50% can be measured beyond “just” low on-call load. The team establishes an approach regarding configuration changes that takes reliability into account. SREs have established a plan to <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/engagement-model" target="_blank">scale impact beyond adding scope or services</a> to their on-call load.<br></li><li>There's a <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/canarying-releases" target="_blank">rollback mechanism in case of canary failures</a>. It may be automated.<br></li><li>There is <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/incident-response" target="_blank">periodic testing of incident management</a>, using a combination of role-playing with some automation in place.<br></li><li>There’s an escalation policy tied to SLO violations; this might be a release process freeze/unfreeze, or something else. Check out our previous post on the <a href="https://cloudplatform.googleblog.com/2018/01/consequences-of-SLO-violations-CRE-life-lessons.html" target="_blank">possible consequences of SLO violations</a>.<br></li><li>There are <a href="https://landing.google.com/sre/book/chapters/postmortem-culture.html" target="_blank">periodic reviews of postmortems and action items</a> that are shared between developers and SRE.<br></li><li><a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/incident-response" target="_blank">Disaster recovery is periodically tested</a> against non-production environments.<br></li><li>Teams measure <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/eliminating-toil" target="_blank">demand vs. capacity and use active forecasting</a> to determine when demand might exceed capacity.<br></li><li>The <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/engagement-model" target="_blank">SRE team may produce long-term plans</a> (i.e., a yearly roadmap) jointly with devs.</li></ul><h3>Advanced SRE teams</h3><p>These practices are common in more senior teams, or sometimes can be achieved when an organization or set of SRE teams share a broader charter.</p><ul><li>At least some individuals on the team can claim <a href="https://landing.google.com/sre/book/chapters/software-engineering-in-sre.html" target="_blank">major positive impact on some aspect of the business</a> beyond firefighting or ops.<br></li><li>Project work can be and is often executed horizontally, <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles" target="_blank">positively impacting many services at once</a> as opposed to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity#Linear_time" target="_blank">linearly or worse per service</a>.<br></li><li>Most service alerts are <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/alerting-on-slos" target="_blank">based on SLO burn rate</a>.<br></li><li><a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/incident-response" target="_blank">Automated disaster recovery testing is in place</a> and positive impact can be measured.</li></ul><p>Another set of SRE “features” which may be desirable but unlikely to be implemented by most companies are:</p><ul><li>SREs are not on-call 24x7. SRE teams are geographically distributed in two locations, such as U.S. and Europe. It’s worth pointing out that neither half is treated as secondary.<br></li><li>SRE and developer organizations share common goals and may have separate reporting chains up to SVP level or higher. This arrangement helps to avoid conflicts of interest.</li></ul><h3>What should I do next?</h3><p>Once you’ve looked through these checklists, your next step is to think about whether they match your company’s needs.</p><p>For those without an SRE team where most of the beginner list is unfilled, we’d highly recommend reading the associated <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/toc/" target="_blank">SRE Workbook</a> chapters in the order they have been presented. If you happen to be a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) customer and would like to request <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/introducing-a-new-era-of-customer-support-google-customer-reliability-engineering">CRE involvement</a>, contact your account manager to apply for this program. But to be clear, SRE is a methodology that will work on a huge variety of infrastructures, and using Google Cloud is not a prerequisite for pursuing this set of engineering practices.</p><p>We’d also recommend attending existing conferences and organizing summits with other companies in order to share best practices on how to solve some of the blockers, such as recruiting.</p><p>We have also seen teams struggling to fill out the advanced list because of churn. The rate of systems and personnel changes may be a deterrent to get there. In order to avoid teams reverting to the beginner stage and other problems, our SRE leadership reviews key metrics per team every six months. The scope is more narrow than the checklists above because several of the items have now become standard.</p><p>As you may have guessed by now, answering the central question in this article involves addressing and attempting to assess a given team’s impact, health, and most importantly, how the actual work is done. After all, as <a href="https://landing.google.com/sre/sre-book/chapters/automation-at-google/" target="_blank">we wrote in our first book on SRE</a>: "If we are engineering processes and solutions that are not automatable, we continue having to staff humans to maintain the system. If we have to staff humans to do the work, we are feeding the machines with the blood, sweat, and tears of human beings."</p><p>So yes, you might have an SRE team already. Is it effective? Is it scalable? Are people happy? Wherever you are in your SRE journey, you can likely continue to evolve, grow and hone your team’s work and your company’s services. Learn more <a href="http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles" target="_blank">here about getting started building an SRE team</a>.</p><hr><p><i>Thanks to Adrian Hilton, Alec Warner, David Ferguson, Eric Harvieux, Matt Brown, Myk Taylor, Stephen Thorne, Todd Underwood and Vivek Rau among others for their contributions to this post.</i></p></div></section><section class="nRhiJb-kR0ZEf-OWXEXe-GV1x9e-uQSCkd nRhiJb-DbgRPb-II5mzb-cGMI2b"><div class="u2M0Kb"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/sre-vs-devops-competing-standards-or-close-friends" class="w7DBpd" track-name="sre vs devops: competing standards or close friends"track-type="articlefeedblock"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/sre-vs-devops-competing-standards-or-close-friends"><div class="odmDff "><div class="exDIId"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd EQ9W8e nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="devops & sre"track-type="tag">DevOps & SRE</div><h5 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc qPW6X nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-II5mzb">SRE vs. DevOps: Competing standards or close friends?</h5><p class="nRhiJb-qJTHM MQpQf">What exactly is SRE and how does it relate to DevOps? This post helps answer questions and reduce friction between the communities.</p><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed gh5m8">By Seth Vargo • 7-minute read</p></div><div class="OzOXWb"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" YwUks" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/SREvsDevOps.max-900x900.png" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/SREvsDevOps.max-900x900.png" loading="lazy"/></section></div></div></a></div></section><section class="kcBhad"><section class="Fabbec"><span class="WrMNjb">Posted in</span><ul class="FzXI4e"><li class="I4B51b"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre" track-metadata-position="body"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre"track-metadata-module="tag list"track-metadata-module_headline="posted in">DevOps & SRE</a></li><li class="I4B51b"><a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp" 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cloud assist: proactive cloud operations that work for you even before you ask"track-type="card"track-metadata-eventdetail="cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development/gemini-cloud-assist-at-next26"><div class="AhkbS "><div class="hqnDEf"><section class="PBkdHd "><img class=" D5RK8d" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/GCN26_102_BlogHeader_2436x1200_Opt_11_Dark.max-700x700.jpg" alt="https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/GCN26_102_BlogHeader_2436x1200_Opt_11_Dark.max-700x700.jpg" loading="lazy"/></section></div><div class="JUOx5b"><div class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-qWD73c nRhiJb-DbgRPb-c5RTEf-ma6Yeb nRhiJb-BFbNVe-r8s4j-bMElCd FI6Gl nRhiJb-fmcmS-oXtfBe" track-name="application development"track-type="tag">Application Development</div><h3 class="Qwf2Db-MnozTc HGFKtc Qwf2Db-MnozTc-OWXEXe-MnozTc-wNfPc">Gemini Cloud Assist: Proactive cloud operations that work for you, even before you ask</h3><p class="nRhiJb-cHYyed dTIXyb nRhiJb-DbgRPb-R6PoUb-ma6Yeb">By Michael Bachman • 5-minute read</p></div></div></a></div></div></section></div></section></article></div></div><c-data id="i1" jsdata=" n2jFB;_;1"></c-data></c-wiz><script aria-hidden="true" nonce="sFOD3IflqeBsykOP9RL9aQ">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress();window.wiz_tick&&window.wiz_tick('zPZHOe');</script><script nonce="sFOD3IflqeBsykOP9RL9aQ">(function(){'use strict';var c=window,d=[];c.aft_counter=d;var e=[],f=0;function _recordIsAboveFold(a){if(!c._isLazyImage(a)&&!a.hasAttribute("data-noaft")&&a.src){var b=(c._isVisible||function(){})(c.document,a);a.setAttribute("data-atf",b);b&&(e.indexOf(a)!==-1||d.indexOf(a)!==-1||a.complete||d.push(a),a.hasAttribute("data-iml")&&(a=Number(a.getAttribute("data-iml")),a>f&&(f=a)))}}
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How to start and assess your journey.","This post shares checklists you can use when you’re trying to move your team toward an SRE model. These checklists can be useful as a form of industry benchmark.",[1548464400],"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/12_-_DevOps__SRE_qBRZDbA.max-2600x2600.jpg","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-to-start-and-assess-your-sre-journey",[1548464401,157420000],"blog.articlepage",null,"/api/w_v2/pages/38659/","how-to-start-and-assess-your-sre-journey",38659],[["Gustavo Franco","Customer Reliability Engineer"]],[null,"\u003cscript type\u003d\"application/ld+json\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-to-start-and-assess-your-sre-journey\",\"headline\":\"Do you have an SRE team yet? How to start and assess your journey.\",\"description\":\"This post shares checklists you can use when you’re trying to move your team toward an SRE model. These checklists can be useful as a form of industry benchmark.\",\"image\":\"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/12_-_DevOps__SRE_qBRZDbA.max-2600x2600.jpg\",\"author\":[{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Gustavo Franco\",\"url\":\"\"}],\"datePublished\":\"2019-01-26\",\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Google Cloud\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https://www.gstatic.com/cgc/google-cloud-logo.svg\"}},\"url\":\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-to-start-and-assess-your-sre-journey\",\"keywords\":[\"DevOps \\u0026 SRE\",\"Google Cloud\"],\"timeRequired\":\"PT6M\"}\u003c/script\u003e"],["Do you have an SRE team yet? How to start and assess your journey"],null,null,[[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWe’re pleased to announce that \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/toc/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eThe Site Reliability Workbook is available in HTML now\u003c/a\u003e! Site Reliability Engineering (SRE), as it has come to be generally defined at Google, is what happens when you ask a software engineer to solve an operational problem. \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/sre-vs-devops-competing-standards-or-close-friends\"\u003eSRE is an essential part\u003c/a\u003e of engineering at Google. It’s a mindset, and a set of practices, metrics, and prescriptive ways to ensure systems reliability. The new workbook is designed to give you actionable tips on getting started with SRE and maturing your SRE practice. We’ve included links to specific chapters of the workbook that align with our tips throughout this post.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe’re often asked what implementing SRE means in practice, since our customers face challenges quantifying their success when setting up their own SRE practices. In this post, we’re sharing a couple of checklists to be used by members of an organization responsible for any high-reliability services. These will be useful when you’re trying to move your team toward an SRE model. Implementing this model at your organization can benefit both your services and teams due to higher service reliability, lower operational cost, and higher-value work for the humans.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut how can you tell how far you have progressed along this journey? While there is no simple or canonical answer, you can see below a non-exhaustive list to check your progress, organized as checklists by ascending order of maturity of a team. Within every checklist, the items are roughly in chronological order, but we do recognize that any given team’s actual needs and priorities may vary.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you’re part of a mature SRE team, these checklists can be useful as a form of industry benchmark, and we’d love to encourage others to \u003ca href\u003d\"https://twitter.com/sreworkbook?lang\u003den\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003epublish theirs as well\u003c/a\u003e. Of course, SRE isn’t an exact science, and challenges arise along the way. You may not get to 100% completion of the items here, but we’ve learned at Google that SRE is an ongoing journey. \u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,[null,[null,"\u003ch3\u003eSRE: Just getting started\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe following three practices are key principles of SRE, but can largely be adopted by any team responsible for production systems, regardless of its name, before and in parallel to staffing an SRE team.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eSome \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/implementing-slos\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eservice-level objectives (SLOs) have been defined\u003c/a\u003e (jointly with developers and business owners, if you aren’t part of one of these groups) and are met most months.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere's a culture of authoring \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/postmortem-culture\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eblameless postmortems\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere's a process to \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/incident-response\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003emanage production incidents\u003c/a\u003e. It may be company-wide.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eBeginner SRE teams\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eMost, if not all, SRE teams at Google have established the following practices and characteristics. We generally view these as fundamental to an effective SRE team, unless there are good reasons why they aren’t feasible for a specific team’s circumstances.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eA \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003estaffing and hiring plan is in place\u003c/a\u003e and funding has been approved.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eOnce staffed, the \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/on-call\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eteam may be on-call for some services\u003c/a\u003e while taking at least part of the operational load (toil).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere is documentation for the \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/how-sre-relates\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003erelease process, service setup, teardown\u003c/a\u003e (and failover, if applicable).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eA \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/canarying-releases\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003ecanary process for releases\u003c/a\u003e has been evaluated as a function of the SLO.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eA \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/how-sre-relates\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003erollback mechanism is in place where it’s applicable\u003c/a\u003e (though it’s understood that this is a nontrivial exercise when mobile applications are involved, for example).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eAn \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/on-call\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eoperational playbook/runbook should exist\u003c/a\u003e, even if not complete.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTheoretical (role-playing) \u003ca href\u003d\"https://landing.google.com/sre/book/chapters/accelerating-sre-on-call.html\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003edisaster recovery testing\u003c/a\u003e takes place, at least annually.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eSRE \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eplans and executes project work\u003c/a\u003e, which may not be immediately visible by their developer counterparts, such as operational load reduction efforts that may not need developer buy-in.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe following practices are also common for SRE teams starting out. If they don’t exist, that can be a sign of poor team health and sustainability issues:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eEnough on-call load to exercise \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/on-call\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eincident response procedures\u003c/a\u003e on a regular (i.e., weekly) basis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eAn \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eSRE team charter\u003c/a\u003e that’s been reviewed by the appropriate leadership beyond SRE (i.e., CTO).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ePeriodic meetings between \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/reaching-beyond\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eSRE and developer leadership\u003c/a\u003e to discuss issues and goals and share information.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eProject planning and execution is \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003edone jointly by developers and SRE\u003c/a\u003e. SRE work and positive impact is visible to developer leadership.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eIntermediate SRE teams \u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese characteristics are common in mature teams and generally indicate that the team is taking a proactive approach to efficient management of its services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere are periodic \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/engagement-model\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003ereviews of SRE project work and impact\u003c/a\u003e with business leaders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere are periodic \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/implementing-slos\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003ereviews of SLIs and SLOs\u003c/a\u003e with business leaders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere’s a low volume of toil overall; \u0026lt;\u003d50% can be measured beyond “just” low on-call load. The team establishes an approach regarding configuration changes that takes reliability into account. SREs have established a plan to \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/engagement-model\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003escale impact beyond adding scope or services\u003c/a\u003e to their on-call load.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere's a \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/canarying-releases\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003erollback mechanism in case of canary failures\u003c/a\u003e. It may be automated.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere is \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/incident-response\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eperiodic testing of incident management\u003c/a\u003e, using a combination of role-playing with some automation in place.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere’s an escalation policy tied to SLO violations; this might be a release process freeze/unfreeze, or something else. Check out our previous post on the \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloudplatform.googleblog.com/2018/01/consequences-of-SLO-violations-CRE-life-lessons.html\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003epossible consequences of SLO violations\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThere are \u003ca href\u003d\"https://landing.google.com/sre/book/chapters/postmortem-culture.html\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eperiodic reviews of postmortems and action items\u003c/a\u003e that are shared between developers and SRE.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/incident-response\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eDisaster recovery is periodically tested\u003c/a\u003e against non-production environments.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTeams measure \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/eliminating-toil\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003edemand vs. capacity and use active forecasting\u003c/a\u003e to determine when demand might exceed capacity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/engagement-model\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eSRE team may produce long-term plans\u003c/a\u003e (i.e., a yearly roadmap) jointly with devs.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eAdvanced SRE teams\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese practices are common in more senior teams, or sometimes can be achieved when an organization or set of SRE teams share a broader charter.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eAt least some individuals on the team can claim \u003ca href\u003d\"https://landing.google.com/sre/book/chapters/software-engineering-in-sre.html\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003emajor positive impact on some aspect of the business\u003c/a\u003e beyond firefighting or ops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eProject work can be and is often executed horizontally, \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003epositively impacting many services at once\u003c/a\u003e as opposed to \u003ca href\u003d\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity#Linear_time\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003elinearly or worse per service\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMost service alerts are \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/alerting-on-slos\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003ebased on SLO burn rate\u003c/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/incident-response\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eAutomated disaster recovery testing is in place\u003c/a\u003e and positive impact can be measured.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnother set of SRE “features” which may be desirable but unlikely to be implemented by most companies are:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eSREs are not on-call 24x7. SRE teams are geographically distributed in two locations, such as U.S. and Europe. It’s worth pointing out that neither half is treated as secondary.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eSRE and developer organizations share common goals and may have separate reporting chains up to SVP level or higher. This arrangement helps to avoid conflicts of interest.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003eWhat should I do next?\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnce you’ve looked through these checklists, your next step is to think about whether they match your company’s needs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor those without an SRE team where most of the beginner list is unfilled, we’d highly recommend reading the associated \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/toc/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eSRE Workbook\u003c/a\u003e chapters in the order they have been presented. If you happen to be a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) customer and would like to request \u003ca href\u003d\"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/introducing-a-new-era-of-customer-support-google-customer-reliability-engineering\"\u003eCRE involvement\u003c/a\u003e, contact your account manager to apply for this program. But to be clear, SRE is a methodology that will work on a huge variety of infrastructures, and using Google Cloud is not a prerequisite for pursuing this set of engineering practices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe’d also recommend attending existing conferences and organizing summits with other companies in order to share best practices on how to solve some of the blockers, such as recruiting.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe have also seen teams struggling to fill out the advanced list because of churn. The rate of systems and personnel changes may be a deterrent to get there. In order to avoid teams reverting to the beginner stage and other problems, our SRE leadership reviews key metrics per team every six months. The scope is more narrow than the checklists above because several of the items have now become standard.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs you may have guessed by now, answering the central question in this article involves addressing and attempting to assess a given team’s impact, health, and most importantly, how the actual work is done. After all, as \u003ca href\u003d\"https://landing.google.com/sre/sre-book/chapters/automation-at-google/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003ewe wrote in our first book on SRE\u003c/a\u003e: \"If we are engineering processes and solutions that are not automatable, we continue having to staff humans to maintain the system. If we have to staff humans to do the work, we are feeding the machines with the blood, sweat, and tears of human beings.\"\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSo yes, you might have an SRE team already. Is it effective? Is it scalable? Are people happy? Wherever you are in your SRE journey, you can likely continue to evolve, grow and hone your team’s work and your company’s services. Learn more \u003ca href\u003d\"http://landing.google.com/sre/workbook/chapters/team-lifecycles\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003ehere about getting started building an SRE team\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003chr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThanks to Adrian Hilton, Alec Warner, David Ferguson, Eric Harvieux, Matt Brown, Myk Taylor, Stephen Thorne, Todd Underwood and Vivek Rau among others for their contributions to this post.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[["DevOps \u0026 SRE","SRE vs. DevOps: Competing standards or close friends?","What exactly is SRE and how does it relate to DevOps? This post helps answer questions and reduce friction between the communities.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/SREvsDevOps.max-900x900.png","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/SREvsDevOps.max-500x500.png 410w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/SREvsDevOps.max-900x900.png 820w"," 410px, 820px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/SREvsDevOps.max-900x900.png"],null,7,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp/sre-vs-devops-competing-standards-or-close-friends",null,1,[["Seth Vargo","Distinguished Software Engineer"],["Liz Fong-Jones","Site Reliability Engineer"]],null,"36657"]]]],[["Management Tools","Anomaly detection using dynamic thresholds and two-year-long alerts in Cloud Monitoring","Long-lookback alert policies for PromQL cover up to two years of metrics in Cloud Monitoring for year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter analysis.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg"],null,6,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/cloud-monitoring-adds-long-lookback-alert-policies-for-promql",null,1,[["Lee Yanco","Senior Product Manager"],["Daniel Koss","Staff Software Engineer"]],null,"59049"],["Management Tools","From query to action: Introducing SQL alerting in Cloud Monitoring Observability Analytics","Cloud Monitoring Observability Analytics lets you create alerts from (and get alerted about) analytical SQL queries of logs and traces.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/21_-_Management_Tools_EI9iqlb.max-700x700.jpg"],null,4,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/management-tools/alert-with-sql-in-cloud-monitoring-observability-analytics",null,1,[["Joy Wang","Senior Product Manager"],["Mark Stahl","Staff software engineer"]],null,"59038"],["DevOps \u0026 SRE","AI in SRE: Where and how Google is deploying agentic AI to improve operations","With SRE AI, Google plans to fully adopt AI and agentic technologies, leveraging AI as a force multiplier while also maintaining control.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/12_-_DevOps__SRE_qBRZDbA.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/12_-_DevOps__SRE_qBRZDbA.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/12_-_DevOps__SRE_qBRZDbA.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/12_-_DevOps__SRE_qBRZDbA.max-700x700.jpg"],null,9,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/how-google-sre-is-using-agentic-ai-to-improve-operations",null,1,[["Stevan Malesevic","Distinguished Software Engineer"],["Christopher Heiser","Distinguished Site Reliability Engineer"]],null,"58890"],["Application Development","Gemini Cloud Assist: Proactive cloud operations that work for you, even before you ask","The redesigned Gemini Cloud Assist proactively executes tasks such as designing applications and optimizing costs that used to need human oversight.",["https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/GCN26_102_BlogHeader_2436x1200_Opt_11_Dark.max-700x700.jpg","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/GCN26_102_BlogHeader_2436x1200_Opt_11_Dark.max-400x400.jpg 324w, https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/GCN26_102_BlogHeader_2436x1200_Opt_11_Dark.max-700x700.jpg 648w"," 324px, 648px","https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-cloudblog-publish/images/GCN26_102_BlogHeader_2436x1200_Opt_11_Dark.max-700x700.jpg"],null,5,null,"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/application-development/gemini-cloud-assist-at-next26",null,1,[["Michael Bachman","VP/GM, Cloud Foundations"],["Ines Envid","Sr. Director, Product Management"]],null,"58670"]],null,"DevOps \u0026 SRE",null,[["DevOps \u0026 SRE","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre","devops-sre",[],["en"],"Products"],["Google Cloud","https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/gcp","gcp",[],["en"],"Products"]],null,null,6,null,38659], sideChannel: {}});</script><script id="wiz_jd" nonce="sFOD3IflqeBsykOP9RL9aQ">if (window['_wjdc']) {const wjd = {}; window['_wjdc'](wjd); delete window['_wjdc'];}</script><script aria-hidden="true" id="WIZ-footer" nonce="sFOD3IflqeBsykOP9RL9aQ">window.wiz_progress&&window.wiz_progress();window.stopScanForCss&&window.stopScanForCss(); ccTick('bl');</script></body></html><footer id="ZCHFDb"><footer class="nRhiJb-RWrDld nRhiJb-yePe5c QJnbF" jscontroller="NsSboe" track-metadata-module="footer"><h3 class="nRhiJb-VqCwd-L6cTce">Footer Links</h3><section class="nRhiJb-haF9Wb r2W5Od"><section class="nRhiJb-DX2B6"><div class="nRhiJb-j5y3u"><h4 class="nRhiJb-BkAck nRhiJb-BkAck-OWXEXe-TzA9Ye">Follow us</h4><ul class="nRhiJb-Qijihe c3Uqdd" role="list"><li class="nRhiJb-KKXgde"><a class="nRhiJb-ARYxNe" href="https://www.x.com/googlecloud" target="_blank" rel="noopener" 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