54 lines
1.7 KiB
Markdown
54 lines
1.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Blackbox Exporter"
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type: entity
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tags: [monitoring, prometheus, blackbox, probe, devops]
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last_updated: 2026-04-26
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---
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## Blackbox Exporter — Prometheus 黑盒探测 exporter
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**官方网址：** https://prometheus.io/docs/guides/node-exporter/
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**类型：** 开源项目 / Prometheus Exporter
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**别名：**
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- blackbox_exporter
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- prometheus blackbox
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---
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## Overview
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Blackbox Exporter 是 Prometheus 官方提供的黑盒探测 exporter，通过 HTTP、HTTPS、DNS、TCP、ICMP 等协议探测目标端点的可用性、响应时间和 TLS 证书状态，支持细粒度的服务层监控。
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**支持模块：**
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- `http_2xx` — HTTP/HTTPS 可用性探测
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- `https_2xx` — 仅 HTTPS 探测
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- `dns` — DNS 解析探测
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- `tcp` — TCP 端口探测
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- `icmp` — ICMP ping 探测
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**采集指标示例：**
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- `probe_success` — 探测是否成功（0/1）
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- `probe_duration_seconds` — 探测耗时（秒）
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- `probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry` — TLS 证书到期时间戳
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- `probe_http_status_code` — HTTP 响应码
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- `probe_dns_lookup_duration_seconds` — DNS 解析耗时
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**典型部署：**
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- Docker: `prom/blackbox-exporter:latest`
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- 端口：`9115`
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- Prometheus 配置需使用 `metrics_path: /probe` 和 `params: module: [http_2xx]`
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**关键告警规则示例：**
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- 站点不可达: `probe_success == 0`（持续 2 分钟）
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- TLS 证书到期: `probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() < 86400 * 14`（剩余 < 14 天）
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---
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## Used By
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- [[家庭监控方案-prometheus-grafana-node-exporter-cadvisor-blackbox]]
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## Related Sources
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- [[家庭监控方案-prometheus-grafana-node-exporter-cadvisor-blackbox]]
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