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---
title: "Psychodynamic Defense Mechanisms"
type: concept
tags: []
sources: [academic-psychologist]
last_updated: 2026-04-25
---
# Psychodynamic Defense Mechanisms
## Aliases
- Defense Mechanisms
- Vaillant's Defense Mechanism Hierarchy
- Ego Defense Mechanisms
## Definition
Vaillant 防御机制层级——个体在应对焦虑和压力时无意识使用的心理策略,按成熟度从低到高排列。
## Vaillant's Hierarchy of Defense Mechanisms
### Level 1: Pathological病理性
- **Denial**(否认):拒绝承认现实
- **Projection**(投射):把自己的感受归于他人
- **Acting Out**(行为过度表达):通过行为而非语言表达无意识冲动
### Level 2: Immature不成熟
- **Fantasy**(幻想):通过白日梦逃避现实
- **Passive Aggression**(被动攻击):通过拖延/沉默表达敌意
- **Dissociation**(解离):切断自我感知的连续性
### Level 3: Neurotic神经症性
- **Intellectualization**(理智化):用理性分析代替情感体验
- **Rationalization**(合理化):为不合理行为找合理解释
- **Reaction Formation**(反向形成):感受与行为相反
### Level 4: Mature成熟
- **Humor**(幽默):用幽默化解痛苦
- **Altruism**(利他):通过帮助他人获得满足感
- **Sublimation**(升华):将冲动转化为社会认可的活动
- **Suppression**(压抑):有意识地延迟处理不适情绪
## Application in Character Design
Psychologist Agent 在评估角色时,标注**Primary主要**和**Under Stress压力下**两个层级的防御机制,后者体现为退行到更低层级。
## Connection to Wiki
- Source: [[academic-psychologist]]