Files
nexus/sreweekly/articles/361/02-exploring-the-architecture-of-amazon-sqs.html
2026-09-12 17:23:01 +08:00

2911 lines
131 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="In this article, learn how Amazon SQS works and how it can be used to create distributed applications, explore the components of SQS, and its architecture.">
<meta name="keywords" content="AWS, Architecture, Fault tolerance, Message queue, consumer, id, MEAN, processing, timeout, visibility, Scalability, authentication, security, throughput">
<meta property="og:description" content="In this article, learn how Amazon SQS works and how it can be used to create distributed applications, explore the components of SQS, and its architecture.">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="dzone.com">
<meta property="og:title" content="Exploring the Architecture of Amazon SQS">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://dzone.com/articles/exploring-the-architecture-of-amazon-sqs">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/16729685-thumb.jpg">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@DZoneInc">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/16729685-thumb.jpg">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="In this article, learn how Amazon SQS works and how it can be used to create distributed applications, explore the components of SQS, and its architecture.">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Exploring the Architecture of Amazon SQS">
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="kndbhxcupfEqWmZclhCpB6vlgOs7QSmx2UHAGGnP2mA">
<meta name="df-verify" content="df0d76632b4543">
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/favicon.png">
<link rel="image_src" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/16729685-thumb.jpg">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://dzone.com/articles/exploring-the-architecture-of-amazon-sqs">
<title>Exploring the Architecture of Amazon SQS</title>
<link rel="preload" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/font/fontello.woff?11773374" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/icons.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/global.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/header-updated/styles.css">
<style>
:root {
--xs-size: 2px;
--sm-size: 5px;
--md-size: 10px;
--lg-size: 15px;
--xl-size: 25px;
--sm-border-size: 8px;
--sm-font-size: 13px;
--sm-plus-font-size: 16px;
--md-font-size: 18px;
--lg-font-size: 22px;
--xl-font-size: 26px;
}
/* Display Quick-Access Classes */
.display-none { display: none; }
.display-block { display: block; }
.display-inline { display: inline; }
.display-inline-block { display: inline-block; }
/* Margin Quick-Access Classes */
.m-xs { margin: var(--xs-size); }
.m-sm { margin: var(--sm-size); }
.m-md { margin: var(--md-size); }
.m-lg { margin: var(--lg-size); }
.m-xl { margin: var(--xl-size); }
.mt-xs, .my-xs { margin-top: var(--xs-size); }
.mr-xs, .mx-xs { margin-right: var(--xs-size); }
.mb-xs, .my-xs { margin-bottom: var(--xs-size); }
.ml-xs, .mx-xs { margin-left: var(--xs-size); }
.mt-sm, .my-sm { margin-top: var(--sm-size); }
.mr-sm, .mx-sm { margin-right: var(--sm-size); }
.mb-sm, .my-sm { margin-bottom: var(--sm-size); }
.ml-sm, .mx-sm { margin-left: var(--sm-size); }
.mt-md, .my-md { margin-top: var(--md-size); }
.mr-md, .mx-md { margin-right: var(--md-size); }
.mb-md, .my-md { margin-bottom: var(--md-size); }
.ml-md, .mx-md { margin-left: var(--md-size); }
.mt-lg, .my-lg { margin-top: var(--lg-size); }
.mr-lg, .mx-lg { margin-right: var(--lg-size); }
.mb-lg, .my-lg { margin-bottom: var(--lg-size); }
.ml-lg, .mx-lg { margin-left: var(--lg-size); }
.mt-xl, .my-xl { margin-top: var(--xl-size); }
.mr-xl, .mx-xl { margin-right: var(--xl-size); }
.mb-xl, .my-xl { margin-bottom: var(--xl-size); }
.ml-xl, .mx-xl { margin-left: var(--xl-size); }
.ml-auto, .mx-auto { margin-left: auto; }
.mr-auto, .mx-auto { margin-right: auto; }
.mt-auto, .my-auto { margin-top: auto; }
.mb-auto, .my-auto { margin-bottom: auto; }
.my-none, .mt-none { margin-top: 0 !important; }
.mx-none, .mr-none { margin-right: 0 !important; }
.my-none, .mb-none { margin-bottom: 0 !important; }
.mx-none, .ml-none { margin-left: 0 !important; }
/* Padding Quick-Access Classes */
.p-xs { padding: var(--xs-size); }
.p-sm { padding: var(--sm-size); }
.p-md { padding: var(--md-size); }
.p-lg { padding: var(--lg-size); }
.p-xl { padding: var(--xl-size); }
.pt-xs, .py-xs { padding-top: var(--xs-size); }
.pr-xs, .px-xs { padding-right: var(--xs-size); }
.pb-xs, .py-xs { padding-bottom: var(--xs-size); }
.pl-xs, .px-xs { padding-left: var(--xs-size); }
.pt-sm, .py-sm { padding-top: var(--sm-size); }
.pr-sm, .px-sm { padding-right: var(--sm-size); }
.pb-sm, .py-sm { padding-bottom: var(--sm-size); }
.pl-sm, .px-sm { padding-left: var(--sm-size); }
.pt-md, .py-md { padding-top: var(--md-size); }
.pr-md, .px-md { padding-right: var(--md-size); }
.pb-md, .py-md { padding-bottom: var(--md-size); }
.pl-md, .px-md { padding-left: var(--md-size); }
.pt-lg, .py-lg { padding-top: var(--lg-size); }
.pr-lg, .px-lg { padding-right: var(--lg-size); }
.pb-lg, .py-lg { padding-bottom: var(--lg-size); }
.pl-lg, .px-lg { padding-left: var(--lg-size); }
.pt-xl, .py-xl { padding-top: var(--xl-size); }
.pr-xl, .px-xl { padding-right: var(--xl-size); }
.pb-xl, .py-xl { padding-bottom: var(--xl-size); }
.pl-xl, .px-xl { padding-left: var(--xl-size); }
.py-none, .pt-none { padding-top: 0 !important; }
.px-none, .pr-none { padding-right: 0 !important; }
.py-none, .pb-none { padding-bottom: 0 !important; }
.px-none, .pl-none { padding-left: 0 !important; }
/* Flex Quick-Access Classes */
.flex {
display: flex;
}
.flex-column {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.flex-column-reverse {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column-reverse;
}
.flex-row {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
.flex-row-reverse {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row-reverse;
}
.flex-wrap {
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.flex-grow {
flex-grow: 1;
}
.align-center { align-items: center; }
.align-end { align-items: flex-end; }
.content-center {
align-content: center;
}
.justify-center { justify-content: center; }
.justify-start { justify-content: flex-start; }
.justify-end { justify-content: flex-end; }
.justify-around { justify-content: space-around; }
.justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
.justify-evenly { justify-content: space-evenly; }
.gap-sm { gap: var(--sm-size); }
.gap-md { gap: var(--md-size); }
.gap-lg { gap: var(--lg-size); }
.gap-xl { gap: var(--xl-size); }
/* Display Quick-Access Classes */
.inline-block { display: inline-block; }
/* Font Quick-Access Classes */
.font-xl { font-size: var(--xl-font-size); }
.font-lg { font-size: var(--lg-font-size); }
.font-md { font-size: var(--md-font-size); }
.font-sm-plus { font-size: var(--sm-plus-font-size); }
.font-sm { font-size: var(--sm-font-size); }
.font-strike { text-decoration: line-through; }
.font-underline { text-decoration: underline; }
.font-overline { text-decoration: overline; }
.font-italic { font-style: italic; }
.font-bold { font-weight: bold; }
.font-black { color: #000000; }
.font-white { color: #ffffff; }
.font-gray { color: var(--brand-gray-text); }
.font-danger { color: var(--header-dropdown-button-bg-danger); }
.font-center { text-align: center; }
.no-wrap { white-space: nowrap; }
/* Consistent headings between h and non-h tags */
.heading {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: var(--md-size);
}
.heading.font-xl { line-height: var(--xl-font-size); }
.heading.font-lg { line-height: var(--lg-font-size); }
.heading.font-md { line-height: var(--md-font-size); }
.heading.font-sm-plus { line-height: var(--sm-plus-font-size); }
.heading.font-sm { line-height: var(--sm-font-size); }
/* Font Clamp Quick-Access Classes */
.line-clamp,
.line-clamp-2,
.line-clamp-3,
.line-clamp-4,
.line-clamp-5 {
display: -webkit-box;
-webkit-line-clamp: 4;
-webkit-box-orient: vertical;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.line-clamp-2 { -webkit-line-clamp: 2 !important; }
.line-clamp-3 { -webkit-line-clamp: 3 !important; }
.line-clamp-4 { -webkit-line-clamp: 4 !important; }
.line-clamp-5 { -webkit-line-clamp: 5 !important; }
/* User-Select Quick-Access Classes */
.select-none { user-select: none; }
/* Position Quick-Access Classes */
.absolute { position: absolute; }
.relative { position: relative; }
.float-left { float: left; }
.float-right { float: right; }
.pos-top { top: 0; }
.pos-right { right: 0; }
.pos-bottom { bottom: 0; }
.pos-left { left: 0; }
.va-top { vertical-align: top; }
.va-middle { vertical-align: middle; }
.va-bottom { vertical-align: bottom; }
/* Transition Quick-Access Classes */
.trans-linear-quick {
transition: all 0.15s linear;
}
/* Background Quick-Access Classes */
.bg-gray { background: #cccccc; }
.bg-white { background-color: white; }
.bg-none { background: none; }
/* Border Quick-Access Classes */
.border-gray { border: 1px solid #cccccc; }
.tab-pane.border-gray { border: 1px solid #ddd; }
.no-border, .border-none { border: none !important; }
.bt-none { border-top: none !important; }
.br-none { border-right: none !important; }
.bb-none { border-bottom: none !important; }
.bl-none { border-left: none !important; }
/* Border Radius Quick-Access Classes */
.round-t-sm, .round-tl-sm { border-top-left-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
.round-t-sm, .round-tr-sm { border-top-right-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
.round-b-sm, .round-bl-sm { border-bottom-left-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
.round-b-sm, .round-br-sm { border-bottom-right-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
.round-sm { border-radius: var(--sm-border-size); }
.round-fully { border-radius: 50%; }
/* Misc Quick-Access Classes */
.haikei {
position: relative;
background-image: url('https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/polygon-scatter-haikei-shapes.svg');
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
}
.haikei:before {
content: '';
position:absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background-color: var(--color-event-background);
z-index: -1;
}
.margin-auto-center {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
.flex-auto-center {
display: flex;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
.mw-1100 { max-width: 1100px; }
.mw-1300 { max-width: 1300px; }
.full-width { width: 100%; }
.h-separator {
background-color: #cccccc;
height: 1px;
width: 100%;
margin: 5px auto;
}
.no-spacing {
margin: 0 !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
.inherit-color { color: inherit; }
.inherit-decoration { text-decoration: inherit; }
/* Table Quick-Access Classes */
.table-border-gray tr:not(:last-child) {
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
}
table.full-width tr td:last-child {
width:100%;
}
/* Animation Quick-Access Classes */
@keyframes anim-spin {
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(359deg); }
}
.anim-spin {
display: inline-block;
animation: anim-spin 2s infinite linear;
}
.hov-pointer { cursor: pointer; }
.hov-brighten:hover { filter: brightness(1.2); }
.hov-darken:hover { filter: brightness(0.95); }
.hov-underline:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
/* Small tweaks related to components when using these styles */
.nav-tabs {
border-bottom: none;
}
.tab-content > .flex-column.active,
.tab-content > .flex-row.active {
display: flex;
}
/* Alpine components with x-cloak should not be visible by default until conditionals kick in */
[x-cloak] { display: none !important; }
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/alpine-components/modal.css">
<script defer src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/alpinejs/3.13.2/cdn.min.js"></script>
<script>
document.addEventListener('alpine:init', () => {
Alpine.store('article', {
id: null,
engagement: {
open: false,
page: 1,
users: [],
additional: true,
loading: false,
initializing: false,
unauthorized: false,
enqueued: null,
dequeued: null,
reset() {
this.open = false;
this.page = 1;
this.users.splice(0);
this.additional = true;
this.loading = false;
this.initializing = false;
this.enqueued = null;
this.dequeued = null;
},
enqueue(user) {
this.dequeued = null;
this.enqueued = user;
},
dequeue(user) {
this.enqueued = null;
this.dequeued = user;
},
add(user) {
this.users.push(user);
this.enqueued = null;
},
remove(user) {
const index = this.users.findIndex(u => u.id === user.id);
if (index !== -1) {
this.users.splice(index, 1);
}
this.dequeued = null;
},
contains(user) {
return this.users.filter(u => u.id === user.id).length;
}
}
});
Alpine.effect(() => {
const store = Alpine.store('article');
if (!store.engagement.additional && store.engagement.enqueued) {
if (!store.engagement.contains(store.engagement.enqueued)) {
store.engagement.add(store.engagement.enqueued);
}
}
});
Alpine.effect(() => {
const store = Alpine.store('article');
if (store.engagement.page && store.engagement.dequeued) {
store.engagement.remove(store.engagement.dequeued);
}
})
});
</script></head>
<body x-data>
<div class="skybox skybox-closeBtn dz_skybox" data-gpt-slot="skybox" id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-99"></div>
<header id="ftl-header">
<div class="header-top">
<div class="header-container">
<div class="pull-left logo-container">
<div class="logo">
<a class="inner" href="/">
<picture>
<source srcset="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.webp" type="image/webp">
<source srcset="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.png" type="image/png">
<img src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.png" width="181" height="56" alt="DZone">
</picture>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pull-right login-and-search">
<div id="authenticated-block" class="logged-in">
<div class="welcome-back">Thanks for visiting DZone today,</div>
<div id="user-header" class="user-info">
<button class="user-avatar">
<span id="header-username" class="username"></span>
<img id="header-avatar" src="" alt="user avatar">
</button>
<div id="user-dropdown" class="browse-user-menu">
<div class="user-content">
<a id="header-user-plug" href="#" class="user-description"></a>
<a id="header-user-edit" href="#" class="edit-profile">Edit Profile</a>
</div>
<ul class="user-actions">
<li id="first-user-action">
<a id="header-dropdown-manage-email" href="#">Manage Email Subscriptions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/articles/how-to-submit-a-post-to-dzone?utm_source=DZone&utm_medium=user_dropdown&utm_campaign=how_to_post">
How to Post to DZone
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/articles/dzones-article-submission-guidelines">
Article Submission Guidelines
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="bottom">
<a href="/users/logout.html" class="sign-out">Sign Out</a>
<a id="dropdown-view-profile" href="#" class="view-profile">View Profile</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post-content">
<button id="post-button" class="post-content--button">
<span class="post-class">Post</span>
<i class="icon-plus"></i>
</button>
<div id="post-menu" class="posting-links">
<div class="posting-links-menu">
<ul>
<li>
<img src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz-postarticle.svg" width="15" height="18" style="width: 15px; height: 18px;">
<a href="/content/article/post.html">Post an Article</a>
</li>
<li>
<a id="drafts-link" href="#">Manage My Drafts</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="unauthenticated-block">
<div class="dz-intro">Over 2 million developers have joined DZone.</div>
<div class="mobile-invisible sign-in-join">
<a href="/users/login.html">Log In</a>
<span class="dz-intro-span">/</span>
<a href="/static/registration.html">Join</a>
</div>
<a class="join-icon" href="/users/login.html" aria-label="User">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide svg-user lucide-user-icon lucide-user">
<path d="M19 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H9a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
<circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
<script>
document.addEventListener('alpine:init', () => {
Alpine.data('searchDrawer', () => ({
open: false,
query: '',
minCharsMet: false,
toggleVisibility() {
this.open = !this.open;
if (this.open) {
this.$nextTick(() => {
this.$refs.query.focus();
});
}
},
updateSearchValue() {
if (!this.query || !this.query.length || this.query.length < 3) {
this.minCharsMet = false;
return;
}
this.minCharsMet = true;
localStorage.setItem('ls.searchValue', this.query);
},
searchSite() {
if (this.minCharsMet) {
window.location = '/search';
}
}
}));
});
</script>
<div class="headerSearch" x-data="searchDrawer()" x-cloak>
<button class="btn-search dropdown-toggle" x-on:click="toggleVisibility()" aria-label="Search">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide svg-search lucide-search-icon lucide-search">
<path d="m21 21-4.34-4.34"></path>
<circle cx="11" cy="11" r="8"></circle>
</svg>
</button>
<template x-teleport=".header-container">
<div id="search-drawer" x-show="open" x-on:click.outside="open = false" x-transition>
<div class="search-input">
<input type="text"
placeholder="Search"
autofocus="autofocus"
x-model="query"
x-ref="query"
x-on:input.change="updateSearchValue()"
x-on:keyup.enter="searchSite()"
>
<button x-on:click="searchSite()" x-bind:disabled="!minCharsMet">
<span>Search</span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="search-footer">
Please enter at least three characters to search
</div>
</div>
</template>
</div>
</div>
</div> </div>
<div class="header-bottom">
<div class="header-bottom-container">
<a class="resource-link" href="/refcardz">Refcards</a>
<a class="resource-link" href="/trendreports">Trend Reports</a>
<div class="resource-link link-menu">
<a href="/events">Events</a>
<a href="/events/video-library">Video Library</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<nav class="header-menu-bar">
<div class="header-menu resource-category">
<a href="/refcardz">Refcards</a>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-separator resource-category-separator"></div>
<div class="header-menu resource-category">
<a href="/trendreports">Trend Reports</a>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-separator resource-category-separator"></div>
<div class="header-menu resource-category no-bottom-radius" data-click-activation>
<p class="menu-label">Events</p>
<div class="header-menu-items">
<div class="header-menu-columns">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/events">View Events</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/events/video-library">Video Library</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu zone-menu" data-click-activation>
<p class="menu-label">Zones <i class="icon-down-dir icon-closed"></i><i class="icon-right-dir icon-open"></i></p>
<div class="header-menu-items">
<div class="header-menu-columns">
<div class="header-menu-column-item">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/culture-and-methodologies">Culture and Methodologies</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/agile">Agile</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/career-development">Career Development</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/methodologies">Methodologies</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/team-management">Team Management</a>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-column-item">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data-engineering">Data Engineering</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/ai-ml">AI/ML</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/big-data">Big Data</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data">Data</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/databases">Databases</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/iot">IoT</a>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-column-item">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/software-design-and-architecture">Software Design and Architecture</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/cloud-architecture">Cloud Architecture</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/containers">Containers</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/integration">Integration</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/microservices">Microservices</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/performance">Performance</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/security">Security</a>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-column-item">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/coding">Coding</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/frameworks">Frameworks</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/java">Java</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/javascript">JavaScript</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/languages">Languages</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/tools">Tools</a>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-column-item">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-deployment-and-maintenance">Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/deployment">Deployment</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/devops-and-cicd">DevOps and CI/CD</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/maintenance">Maintenance</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/monitoring-and-observability">Monitoring and Observability</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-tools-and-frameworks">Testing, Tools, and Frameworks</a>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-column-item sponsored">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="javascript:void(0)">Partner Zones</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/hubs/build-ai-agents-that-are-ready-for-production/">Build AI Agents That Are Ready for Production</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="1">
<a href="/culture-and-methodologies">Culture and Methodologies</a>
<div class="header-menu-items">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/agile">Agile</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/career-development">Career Development</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/methodologies">Methodologies</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/team-management">Team Management</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="2">
<a href="/data-engineering">Data Engineering</a>
<div class="header-menu-items">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/ai-ml">AI/ML</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/big-data">Big Data</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/data">Data</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/databases">Databases</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/iot">IoT</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="3">
<a href="/software-design-and-architecture">Software Design and Architecture</a>
<div class="header-menu-items">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/cloud-architecture">Cloud Architecture</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/containers">Containers</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/integration">Integration</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/microservices">Microservices</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/performance">Performance</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/security">Security</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="4">
<a href="/coding">Coding</a>
<div class="header-menu-items">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/frameworks">Frameworks</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/java">Java</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/javascript">JavaScript</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/languages">Languages</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/tools">Tools</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
<div class="header-menu parent-category" tabindex="5">
<a href="/testing-deployment-and-maintenance">Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance</a>
<div class="header-menu-items">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/deployment">Deployment</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/devops-and-cicd">DevOps and CI/CD</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/maintenance">Maintenance</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/monitoring-and-observability">Monitoring and Observability</a>
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/testing-tools-and-frameworks">Testing, Tools, and Frameworks</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
<div class="header-menu parent-category sponsored" tabindex="6">
<a href="javascript:void(0)">Partner Zones</a>
<div class="header-menu-items sponsored">
<a class="header-menu-item" href="/hubs/build-ai-agents-that-are-ready-for-production/">Build AI Agents That Are Ready for Production</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="header-menu-separator parent-category-separator"></div>
</nav>
</header>
<script>
const csrf = {
parameter: 'TH_CSRF',
header: 'X-TH-CSRF',
token: '5590659414291369845'
}; // set csrf for auth-status script
</script>
<script>
addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
handleRedirects();
handleMenus();
handleMobileMenuHeights();
handleGotoLinks();
});
function isHidden(element) {
try {
return window.getComputedStyle(element).display === 'none';
} catch (_) {
return false;
}
}
function getLink(element) {
if (element.hasAttribute('data-goto')) {
return element.getAttribute('data-goto');
}
return element.href;
}
function isLeftClick(event) {
if (event.altKey || event.shiftKey) {
return false;
} else if ('buttons' in event || 'which' in event) {
return event.buttons === 1 || event.which === 1;
} else {
return (event.button === 1 || (event.type === 'click'));
}
}
function handleRedirects() {
const redirections = [...document.querySelectorAll('[data-activate-menu]'), ...document.querySelectorAll('[data-click-target]')];
redirections.forEach(function(element) {
const menuSelector = element.getAttribute('data-activate-menu') || element.getAttribute('data-click-target');
const redirectingElement = document.querySelector(menuSelector);
if (redirectingElement) {
element.style.cursor = 'pointer';
const redirect = function(e) {
if (redirectingElement.hasAttribute('href') || redirectingElement.hasAttribute('data-goto')) {
if (redirectingElement.hasAttribute('data-new-window') || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) {
window.open(getLink(redirectingElement), '_blank');
} else {
window.open(getLink(redirectingElement), '_self');
}
} else {
const evt = new e.constructor(e.type, e);
redirectingElement.dispatchEvent(evt);
}
};
element.addEventListener('mouseup', redirect);
element.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => e.preventDefault());
element.addEventListener('click', (e) => e.preventDefault());
}
});
}
function handleMenus() {
const menuElements = [
...document.querySelectorAll('.header-menu > a'),
...document.querySelectorAll('.header-menu > p.menu-label')
];
let scrollYMemory = -1;
function scrollToMemory() {
if (scrollYMemory !== -1) {
setTimeout(function() {
window.scrollTo(0, scrollYMemory);
scrollYMemory = -1;
}, 10);
}
}
function hideMenus() {
// unfocus menus & items, and set the menus to non-visible.
menuElements.forEach(function (element) {
element.blur();
element.parentElement.blur();
element.parentElement.classList.remove('menu-opened');
const menuItems = element.parentElement.querySelector('.header-menu-items');
if (menuItems) {
menuItems.style.display = 'none';
}
});
const wasHidden = document.body.style.overflowY === 'hidden';
document.body.style.overflowY = 'auto';
if (wasHidden) {
scrollToMemory();
}
}
function isEventOutsideMenu(e) {
return e.target.closest && !e.target.closest('.header-menu') && !e.target.closest('[data-activate-menu]');
}
// Handle mobile menu toggling
menuElements.forEach(function(element) {
const menu = element.parentElement;
const headerItems = menu.querySelector('.header-menu-items');
const menuEntries = headerItems ? headerItems.querySelectorAll('.header-menu-item') : [];
const focus = function() {
menu.focus();
menu.classList.add('menu-opened');
if (headerItems) {
headerItems.style.display = 'block';
}
if (menu.classList.contains('zone-menu')) {
scrollYMemory = window.scrollY;
document.body.style.overflowY = 'hidden';
} else {
scrollYMemory = -1;
}
};
const unfocus = function() {
menu.blur();
menu.classList.remove('menu-opened');
if (headerItems) {
headerItems.style.display = 'none';
}
const wasHidden = document.body.style.overflowY === 'hidden';
document.body.style.overflowY = 'auto';
if (wasHidden) {
scrollToMemory();
}
};
const toggleMenuVisibility = function(e) {
if ((e.type === 'click' || e.type === 'mouseup') && !isLeftClick(e)) {
e.preventDefault();
return;
}
const hidden = isHidden(headerItems);
if (menu.hasAttribute('data-click-activation')) { // handle click activated toggling
if (hidden) {
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
focus();
} else {
unfocus();
}
e.preventDefault();
} else if (hidden) {
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
focus();
e.preventDefault(); // prevent 'click' event from firing when menu is hidden
}
};
element.addEventListener('touchend', toggleMenuVisibility);
element.addEventListener('mouseup', toggleMenuVisibility);
// Add hover events to non-click-activated menus, even though CSS should cover it.
if (!menu.hasAttribute('data-click-activation')) {
menu.addEventListener('mouseover', function () {
hideMenus(); // hide other open menus first
focus();
});
menu.addEventListener('mouseout', function (e) {
if (isEventOutsideMenu(e)) {
unfocus();
}
});
}
// Hide menu when child is clicked
menuEntries.forEach(function(menuEntry) {
const linkToItem = function(e) {
if (e.type === 'mousedown' || e.type === 'click') {
e.preventDefault();
return;
}
if (e.type === 'mouseup' && !isLeftClick(e)) {
e.preventDefault();
return;
}
window.open(getLink(menuEntry), (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) ? '_blank' : (menuEntry.target || '_self'));
unfocus();
e.preventDefault();
};
const linkToMobileItem = function(e) {
if (e.type === 'touchstart') {
menuEntry.setAttribute('data-touchmove', false);
} else if (e.type === 'touchmove') {
menuEntry.setAttribute('data-touchmove', true);
} else if (e.type === 'touchend' && (!menuEntry.hasAttribute('data-touchmove') || menuEntry.getAttribute('data-touchmove').toLowerCase() === 'false')) {
window.open(getLink(menuEntry), (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) ? '_blank' : (menuEntry.target || '_self'));
unfocus();
e.preventDefault();
}
};
menuEntry.addEventListener('mousedown', linkToItem);
menuEntry.addEventListener('mouseup', linkToItem);
menuEntry.addEventListener('click', linkToItem);
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchstart', linkToMobileItem);
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchmove', linkToMobileItem);
menuEntry.addEventListener('touchend', linkToMobileItem);
});
});
function hideIfNonMenuBounds(e) {
if (isEventOutsideMenu(e)) {
hideMenus();
}
}
addEventListener('mousemove', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
addEventListener('touchend', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
addEventListener('mouseup', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
addEventListener('mousedown', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
addEventListener('click', hideIfNonMenuBounds);
}
function handleMobileMenuHeights() {
function setAppHeight() {
document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--app-height', window.innerHeight + 'px');
}
addEventListener('resize', function() {
setAppHeight();
});
setAppHeight();
}
function handleGotoLinks() {
// Add anchor mimicking to elements with data-goto attributes
// This addresses SEO concerns of linking to noindex pages by allowing JS to handle the URL
const anchorElements = document.querySelectorAll('*[data-goto]');
anchorElements.forEach((anchorElement) => {
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseover', () => {
anchorElement.style.cursor = 'pointer';
anchorElement.style.textDecoration = 'underline';
});
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseout', () => {
anchorElement.style.cursor = 'unset';
anchorElement.style.textDecoration = 'unset';
});
anchorElement.addEventListener('mouseup', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
});
anchorElement.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
});
anchorElement.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
const anchorHref = anchorElement.getAttribute('data-goto');
if (anchorElement.hasAttribute('data-new-window') || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) {
window.open(anchorHref, '_blank');
} else {
window.open(anchorHref, '_self');
}
});
});
}
</script><script>
const authenticatedBlock = document.querySelector('#authenticated-block');
const unauthenticatedBlock = document.querySelector('#unauthenticated-block');
let authenticated = {
isAuthenticated: false,
isAdmin: false,
user: {
id: null,
name: null,
url: null,
profileImage: null,
}
};
fetch('/services/internal/data/articles-getAuthenticationStatus', {
headers: {
'Accept': 'application/json'
}
})
.then(function (result) {
return result.json()
})
.then(function (result) {
const res = result.result.data
if (!res.authenticated) {
unauthenticatedBlock.classList.add('shown')
} else {
authenticated.user.id = res.id;
authenticated.user.name = res.realName;
authenticated.user.url = res.profileUrl;
authenticated.user.profileImage = res.avatar;
authenticated.user.jobTitle = res.jobTitle;
authenticated.user.companyName = res.companyName;
bindProps('#header-username', null, null, (res.firstName || res.username), null)
bindProps('#header-avatar', null, res.avatar, null, null)
bindProps('#header-user-plug', res.profileUrl, null, res.realName, null)
bindProps('#header-user-edit', '/users/' + res.id + '/edit.html', null, null, null)
bindProps('#header-dropdown-manage-email', '/newsletters/' + res.id + '/manage.html', null, null, null)
bindProps('#dropdown-view-profile', res.profileUrl, null, null, null)
bindProps('#drafts-link', '/users/' + res.id + '/drafts.html', null, null, null)
if (res.isAdmin) {
// Construct backwards so the #after call places elements in the correct order
const firstUserAction = document.querySelector('#first-user-action')
const adminConsoleItem = document.createElement('li')
const adminConsoleLink = createLink('/dzone/staff/index.html', 'Admin Console')
adminConsoleItem.appendChild(adminConsoleLink)
firstUserAction.after(adminConsoleItem)
const moderationItem = document.createElement('li')
const moderationLink = createLink('/moderation/list.html', 'Moderation')
moderationItem.appendChild(moderationLink)
firstUserAction.after(moderationItem)
const bountyModerationItem = document.createElement('li')
const bountyModerationLink = createLink('/moderation/bounties', 'Bounty Moderation')
bountyModerationItem.appendChild(bountyModerationLink)
firstUserAction.after(bountyModerationItem)
}
authenticated.isAuthenticated = res.authenticated;
authenticated.isAdmin = res.isAdmin;
authenticatedBlock.classList.add('shown')
}
}).catch(function (result) {
console.error(result)
})
/**
* Binds different properties to the selected element.
*
* @param selector - Selector to select the element
* @param href - href attribute value
* @param src - src attribute value
* @param innerHTML - innerHTML property value
* @param innerText - innerText property value
*/
function bindProps(selector, href, src, innerHTML, innerText) {
const element = document.querySelector(selector)
if (element) {
if (href) element.href = href
if (src) element.src = src
if (innerHTML) element.innerHTML = innerHTML
if (innerText) element.innerText = innerText
}
}
/**
* Creates a new link element.
*
* @param href - href attribute value
* @param innerText - innerText property value
* @returns {HTMLAnchorElement} The generated link element
*/
function createLink(href, innerText) {
const link = document.createElement('a')
link.href = href
link.innerText = innerText
return link
}
</script><script>
const userHeader = document.querySelector('#user-header')
const userDropdown = document.querySelector('#user-dropdown')
const postDropdown = document.querySelector('#post-button')
const postMenu = document.querySelector('#post-menu')
let userDropdownOpen = false
let postDropdownOpen = false
document.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
if (postDropdown && postDropdown.contains(event.target)) {
setUserDropdown(false)
setPostDropdown(!postDropdownOpen)
} else if (userHeader && userHeader.contains(event.target)) {
setPostDropdown(false)
setUserDropdown(!userDropdownOpen)
} else {
setUserDropdown(false)
setPostDropdown(false)
}
})
function setUserDropdown(value) {
userDropdownOpen = value
if (userDropdownOpen) {
if (userDropdown) {
userDropdown.classList.add('open')
}
} else {
if (userDropdown) {
userDropdown.classList.remove('open')
}
}
}
function setPostDropdown(value) {
postDropdownOpen = value
if (postDropdownOpen) {
if (postMenu) {
postMenu.classList.add('open')
}
} else {
if (postMenu) {
postMenu.classList.remove('open')
}
}
}
</script><script>
document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
Alpine.store('global', {
executeHttp(path, body, method) {
const options = {
method: method,
headers: {
[csrf.header]: csrf.token
}
};
if (method !== 'GET') {
options.body = JSON.stringify(body);
options.headers = {
...options.headers,
'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'
};
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
fetch(path, options)
.then(res => {
if (!res.ok) {
reject(res);
} else {
resolve(res);
}
})
.catch(err => reject(err));
});
},
getFromService(path) {
return this.executeHttp(path, null, 'GET');
},
postToService(path, body = {}) {
return this.executeHttp(path, body, 'POST');
},
putToService(path, body = {}) {
return this.executeHttp(path, body, 'PUT');
}
});
});
</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/colors.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/styles.css">
<div id="body-container">
<div id="announcement-container-outer">
<div id="announcement-previous">
<i class="icon-angle-left"></i>
</div>
<div id="announcement-next">
<i class="icon-angle-right"></i>
</div>
<div id="announcement-container">
<div class="announcement announcement-count-1"
data-position="1">
<div class="body"><p><strong>Could your team report a vulnerability within 24 hours? </strong>Find out on September 23.</p></div>
<div class="spacer"></div>
<a href="https://cvent.me/O32zXR?utm_source=Announcements&amp;utm_medium=DzoneWeb&amp;utm_campaign=QtGroup-0923" target="_blank">
<button>Assess Your CRA Readiness</button>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" async>
(function() {
let announcementPosition = 1;
let minAnnouncementPosition = -1;
let maxAnnouncementPosition = -1;
const announcementPrevBtn = document.querySelector('#announcement-previous');
const announcementNextBtn = document.querySelector('#announcement-next');
function withAnnouncements(callback) {
const announcements = document.querySelectorAll('#announcement-container .announcement');
for (let announcement of announcements) {
callback(announcement);
}
}
function initAnnouncementVars() {
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--mobile-announcement-separator-width', '1px');
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
const pos = parseInt(announcement.getAttribute('data-position'));
minAnnouncementPosition = minAnnouncementPosition === -1 ? pos : Math.min(minAnnouncementPosition, pos);
maxAnnouncementPosition = maxAnnouncementPosition === -1 ? pos : Math.max(maxAnnouncementPosition, pos);
});
if (document.querySelector('.announcementBarContainer')) {
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--body-top-padding', '0');
}
if (maxAnnouncementPosition <= 0) {
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--body-top-padding', '0');
}
sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile();
}
function setAnnouncementPosition(position) {
if (window.outerWidth >= 890) {
return; // we do not need to change the position, since we can display everything on desktop.
}
// Make the announcement cyclical
if (minAnnouncementPosition !== -1 && maxAnnouncementPosition !== -1) {
if (position > maxAnnouncementPosition) {
position = minAnnouncementPosition; // overflow to the first announcement
} else if (position < minAnnouncementPosition) {
position = maxAnnouncementPosition; // underflow to the last announcement
}
announcementPosition = position;
}
const shownAnnouncements = [];
let reverseFlex = false; // should only be true when the first and last items are showing
// Now that the position is valid, apply the transforms
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
const pos = parseInt(announcement.getAttribute('data-position'));
const isWrapped = position === maxAnnouncementPosition && pos === minAnnouncementPosition; // showing first + last at same time
const doesNextQualify = window.outerWidth >= 500 && (pos === position + 1 || isWrapped);
if (pos === position || doesNextQualify) {
shownAnnouncements.push(announcement);
} else {
announcement.style.display = 'none';
}
announcement.style.opacity = 0.0;
if (isWrapped) {
reverseFlex = true;
}
});
for (let announcement of shownAnnouncements) {
announcement.style.display = 'flex';
announcement.style.opacity = 1.0;
}
const announcementContainer = document.querySelector('#announcement-container');
if (announcementContainer) {
announcementContainer.style.flexDirection = reverseFlex ? 'row-reverse' : 'row';
}
}
function resetAnnouncements() {
announcementPosition = 1;
const announcementContainer = document.querySelector('#announcement-container');
if (announcementContainer) {
announcementContainer.style.flexDirection = 'row';
}
withAnnouncements(function(announcement) {
announcement.style.opacity = 1.0;
announcement.style.display = 'flex';
});
}
function sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile() {
if (maxAnnouncementPosition <= 2 && announcementPrevBtn && announcementNextBtn) {
announcementPrevBtn.style.display = maxAnnouncementPosition === 2 && window.outerWidth < 500 ? 'flex' : 'none';
announcementNextBtn.style.display = maxAnnouncementPosition === 2 && window.outerWidth < 500 ? 'flex' : 'none';
}
if (maxAnnouncementPosition === 1 && window.outerWidth >= 500 && window.outerWidth < 890) {
document.querySelector(':root').style.setProperty('--mobile-announcement-separator-width', '0');
document.querySelector('#announcement-container .announcement').style.maxWidth = '100%';
}
}
function resetAnnouncementsOnResize() {
announcementPosition = 1; // we want to reset the announcement position every resize
if (window.outerWidth >= 890) { // 4 announcements can be shown (215px * 4) + separator padding
resetAnnouncements();
} else { // if we're still on mobile, set the position to normalize things after resize
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition);
sizeToFullWhenOneEntryOnMobile();
}
}
window.addEventListener('resize', resetAnnouncementsOnResize);
initAnnouncementVars();
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition); // sets the min & max positions as well as initializes transforms
if (announcementPrevBtn) {
announcementPrevBtn.onclick = function() {
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition - 1);
};
}
if (announcementNextBtn) {
announcementNextBtn.onclick = function() {
setAnnouncementPosition(announcementPosition + 1);
};
}
})(); </script>
<div id="ftl-article" class="trending-article-body">
<aside class="trending-sidebar" aria-labelledby="related-sidebar-heading">
<div class="trending">
<h2 id="related-sidebar-heading">Related</h2>
<div class="trending-separator"></div>
<ul>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/what-is-api-first" class="related-link">What Is API-First?</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/aws-nitro-enclaves-enhances-security" class="related-link">AWS Nitro Enclaves: Enhancing Security With Isolated Compute Environments</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/optimizing-github-access-management-for-enterprises" class="related-link">Optimizing GitHub Access Management for Enterprises: Enhancing Security, Scalability, and Continuity with Jenkins GitHub App Authentication and Load Balancing</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/design-scalable-and-secure-cloud-native-architectures" class="related-link">Designing Scalable and Secure Cloud-Native Architectures: Technical Strategies and Best Practices</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</aside>
<div class="container-fluid body trending-article-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="articles-wrap">
<div class="ad-container">
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-0" class="ads-billboard-article dz2_article_billboard_new" data-gpt-slot="top"></div>
</div>
<div class="article-stream widget-top-border">
<div class="article-main">
<div class="content-right-images">
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-2" class="sidebar-ad dz2_article_halfpage_new" data-gpt-slot="sidebar1"></div>
<div class="trending-separator"></div>
<aside class="trending" aria-labelledby="trending-sidebar-heading">
<h2 id="trending-sidebar-heading">Trending</h2>
<ul>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/regulated-was-aws-migration-patterns" class="trending-link" target="_self">Deliberate Decoupling: 6 Architectural Patterns From a Regulated WAS-to-AWS Migration</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/playwright-rest-api" class="trending-link" target="_self">How to Test GET API Requests With Playwright TypeScript</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/rabbitmq-exchange-types-spring-boot" class="trending-link" target="_self">Understanding RabbitMQ Exchange Types in Spring Boot</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/secure-password-hashing-in-java" class="trending-link" target="_self">Secure Password Hashing in Java: Best Practices and Code Examples</a>
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</div>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Exploring the Architecture of Amazon SQS",
"author": [{"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","caption":"Satrajit Basu","url":"https://dzone.com/users/3403739/photo/view.html?time=1563461974866"},"@type":"Person","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"TCG Digital"},"name":"Satrajit Basu","description":"Satrajit, a visionary Chief Architect and an AWS Ambassador, brings unparalleled expertise in architecting and directing mission-critical projects for industry leaders across various sectors. From banking to aviation, Global Distribution Systems (GDS) to restaurant and travel e-commerce, Satrajit has mastered the art of migrating and modernizing workloads on AWS. With an unwavering passion for technology, Satrajit ensures that applications on AWS are not just well-architected but also leverage the latest cutting-edge technologies. An architect par excellence, Satrajit's dedication extends beyond project delivery. He generously shares his vast knowledge through insightful technical blogs, enlightening aspiring architects and developers worldwide","url":"https://dzone.com/authors/satrajitbasu","sameAs":["https://www.linkedin.com/in/satrajit-basu/"]}],
"audience": "software developers",
"keywords": "",
"timeRequired": "PT5M",
"commentCount": 0,
"wordCount": "1059",
"accessMode": "textual, visual",
"datePublished": "2023-02-25T00:00:00Z",
"articleSection": "",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "DZone",
"url": "https://dzone.com",
"logo": {
"@type": "ImageObject",
"url": "https://dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz_logo_2021_cropped.png"
}
},
"articleBody": "What Is Amazon SQS? Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service) is a message queue service that enables application components to communicate with each other by exchanging messages. This is widely used to build event-driven systems or decouple services on AWS. Features of Amazon SQS Message persistence: Messages are stored in queues until they are delivered or deleted by the sending or receiving endpoints.Guaranteed message delivery: Messages are delivered at least once and in the same order as they are sent.Message redelivery: If a message is not acknowledged, it will be resent up to three times before being deleted from the queue.Visibility timeout: Messages can be set to expire and deleted after a set amount of time, even if they have not been delivered yet. Benefits of Amazon SQS Amazon SQS is a highly reliable and scalable message queuing service that enables you to reliably connect your applications. It provides the following benefits: Low cost of ownership: Amazon SQS is cost-effective due to its pay-per-use pricing model and the ability to use any of the AWS services.High throughput: It can handle more than 1 million messages per second with a latency below 1 ms.Fault tolerance: The service is designed to be highly available and durable with no single point of failure.Security: Amazon SQS uses TLS and message signing when sending messages between clients, as well as authentication mechanisms for clients accessing the service. How To Process Messages in a FIFO Order With SQS Wait, aren’t queues supposed to be First-in-First-out by design? Well, yes, but with SQS, it gets a little complicated. AWS claims they make the best effort to process messages in sequence, but, now and then, there can be instances of messages getting processed out of turn. SQS has a distributed architecture with lots of redundancy. This means there is more than one message store. At runtime, messages are picked up randomly from one of the stores. Let me try and explain this better with an analogy. Suppose a group of three people have gone to purchase tickets at a railway station ticket counter. They decide to stand in three different queues, and whoever gets the tickets first will notify the others so they can come out of the queue—distributed and redundant. Let us assume that all three queues have the same number of people at that instance. As luck would have it, another group of three people come into the station at almost the same time. As they were splitting up into three queues, a person from the second group managed to move past the first group and was ahead in one of the queues. At their turn, the person from the second group got the tickets before the other group—not desired but can happen at times. So, what is the way out? If a strict FIFO order is required, AWS recommends using a FIFO queue. A FIFO SQS, unlike the standard SQS, guarantees strict ordering. As an analogy, suppose you go into a bank and are immediately handed over a token. Token holders are served sequentially, ruling out the possibility of someone getting served out of turn. How Are Messages Processed? Standard SQS queues guarantee “at least once” processing. This means messages won’t be lost and would be processed at least once. But what is “at least once” supposed to mean? Does it mean that messages can be processed more than once? Well, the answer is yes. Let us first look at a message lifecycle. The following are the stages: A message is put onto a queue.It gets picked up by the consumer.Once processed, the consumer deletes it from the queue. Note: At post-processing, the message is not automatically deleted—it has to be explicitly deleted by the consumer. Between stages #2 and #3, the message is “in-flight.” When a message is in-flight, a visibility timeout comes into play that suppresses the message in the queue so it is not processed again. The visibility timeout can be configured, the default being 30 secs. The idea is that a message has to be processed and subsequently deleted from the queue before the visibility timeout expires to avoid duplicate processing. However, there can be times when a message gets stuck while processing, resulting in the visibility timeout expiring and the message getting picked up again by the consumer. Also, it can so happen that, during the delete process, one of the servers gets off the hook, and the message lives on that particular server. When it comes back up, the message gets processed again. So, it is absolutely necessary to design the applications to be idempotent when using a standard SQS. That is, even if a message is processed more than once, it shouldn’t have any business impact. Coming back to our railway station example, let us assume that once a person in a group gets the tickets, he will text all the others in the group. But, while sending the text, if the mobile of one of the receivers gets off the network, that person will not receive the message and will purchase the tickets again. This is a common scenario where a message can be processed more than once. Messages in the FIFO SQS, on the other hand, get processed exactly once. This leads us to another important topic—how are duplicate messages handled? The standard SQS doesn’t care if you put in duplicate messages—the downline application is supposed to be idempotent. The FIFO queue, on the other hand, does not allow duplicates. It creates a deduplication id, which is essentially a hash value based on the payload. However, if the same message has to be processed within a small time window: the default deduplication id will not work, and a custom random deduplication id has to be created and will allow all messages coming in to be processed even if it is exactly the same to one of the previous messages. Which Type of SQS Should You Use? As a rule of thumb, you should always look to use the standard SQS. It is distributed, redundant, and comes with unlimited throughput. After all, it is designed to scale and serve all types of workloads with considerable ease. However, if a strict order is of the utmost importance for the application you are building and you don’t care much about throughput, then, obviously, FIFO will be your best choice.",
"mainEntityOfPage": {
"@type": "WebPage",
"@id": "https://dzone.com/articles/exploring-the-architecture-of-amazon-sqs"
},
"image": {
"@type": "ImageObject",
"url": "https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/article-thumb/16729685-thumb.jpg"
}
}
</script>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "DZone",
"item": "https://dzone.com"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "Data Engineering",
"item": "https://dzone.com/data-engineering"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"name": "Databases",
"item": "https://dzone.com/databases"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 4,
"name": "Exploring the Architecture of Amazon SQS",
"item": "https://dzone.com/articles/exploring-the-architecture-of-amazon-sqs"
}
]
}
</script>
<article>
<div class="content">
<div class="header">
<ol class="breadcrumb">
<li class="server"><a href="https://dzone.com">DZone</a></li>
<li class="server"><a href="https://dzone.com/data-engineering">Data Engineering</a></li>
<li class="server"><a href="https://dzone.com/databases">Databases</a></li>
<li class="active server">Exploring the Architecture of Amazon SQS</li>
</ol>
<div class="header-title">
<div class="title">
<h1 class="article-title">Exploring the Architecture of Amazon SQS</h1>
</div>
<div class="subhead">
<p>In this article, learn how Amazon SQS works and how it can be used to create distributed applications, explore the components of SQS, and its architecture.</p>
</div>
<div class="publish-meta">
By<span style="user-select: none;">&nbsp;</span>
<div class="article-author-meta">
<img src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/thumbnail?fid=17178160&w=80" class="avatar" alt="Satrajit Basu user avatar" width="40">
<div class="author-info">
<span class="author-name">
<a href="/authors/satrajitbasu" data-core-user="true">Satrajit Basu</a>
</span>
</div>
<span class="badge-container badge-text-md">
<img class="author-core-badge" width="18" height="18" alt="DZone Core" src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/images/dz-core-icon.png" style="margin: 0 0 3px 2px">
CORE
</span>
&middot;
</div>
<span class="author-date">
Feb. 25, 23
</span>
&middot;
<span>Analysis</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="author-n-useraction">
<div class="like action" x-data="engagementModal(articleId)">
<span id="activity-like-icon" class="dz-like icon-thumbs-up" x-on:click="updateStore()"></span>
<span class="action-label like-text" x-on:click="open()" x-cloak>
<span>Likes</span>
<span id="activity-like-counter" class="like-count">(4)</span>
</span>
<template x-teleport="body">
<div class="engagement-overlay" x-show="$store.article.engagement.open && nodeId === $store.article.id" x-on:keyup.escape.window="close()">
<div class="engagement-modal">
<div class="inner" x-on:click.outside="close()">
<div class="header">
<div class="title">Likes</div>
<button class="close" x-on:click="close()"></button>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div x-show="$store.article.engagement.initializing" class="loading-screen">
<i class="icon icon-spin3 anim-spin"></i>
</div>
<div x-show="!$store.article.engagement.initializing">
<template x-for="user in $store.article.engagement.users" :key="user.id">
<div class="media">
<div class="media-left">
<img class="avatar"
x-bind:src="user.profile.profileImage"
loading="lazy"
width="50"
height="50"
>
</div>
<div class="media-right">
<a x-bind:href="user.computed.url" x-html="user.profile.name"></a>
<div x-show="formatJobData(user)" x-html="formatJobData(user)"></div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
</div>
<div x-show="isDataUnavailable()" class="center-screen">
<div x-show="!$store.article.engagement.unauthorized">
<div>There are no likes...yet! &#128064;</div>
<div>Be the first to like this post!</div>
</div>
<div x-show="$store.article.engagement.unauthorized">
<div>It looks like you're not logged in.</div>
<div><a href="/users/login.html">Sign in</a> to see who liked this post!</div>
</div>
</div>
<div x-show="isFooterShowing()">
<div class="footer">
<button class="btn btn-primary" x-on:click="fetchEngagements()"
x-bind:disabled="$store.article.engagement.loading"
>
Load More
<i x-show="$store.article.engagement.loading" class="icon icon-spin3 anim-spin"></i>
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template> </div>
<div class="action comment-action">
<span class="comment">
<i class="icon-comment"></i>
<span class="action-label">Comment</span>
<span id="activity-comment-counter" class="comment-count"></span>
</span>
</div>
<div class="save action">
<div id="activity-save-icon" class="save icon-star-empty">
<span id="activity-save-text" class="action-label">Save</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tweet action">
<a id="tweet-link" href="" class="title" target="_blank">
<span><i class="icon-twitter"></i></span>
<span class="action-label">Tweet</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="linkedin action">
<a id="linkedin-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://dzone.com/articles/exploring-the-architecture-of-amazon-sqs" class="title" target="_blank">
<span><i class="icon-linkedin-1"></i></span>
<span class="action-label">Share</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="right-most">
<div id="activity-view-container" class="article-views action">
<i class="icon-eye"></i>
<span class="action-label view-count">12.3K Views</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="signin-prompt">
<p>Join the DZone community and get the full member experience.</p>
<a id="article-signin-prompt" href="/static/registration.html">Join For Free</a>
</div>
<div class="arrow-down"></div>
<div id="top-bumper-container"></div>
<div>
<div class="content-html"><h2>What Is Amazon SQS?</h2>
<p>Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service) is a message queue service that enables application components to communicate with each other by exchanging messages. This is widely used to build event-driven systems or decouple services on <a href="https://dzone.com/articles/aws-ec2-how-to-launch-an-instance-and-host-a-websi">AWS</a>.</p>
<h3>Features of Amazon SQS</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Message persistence</strong>: Messages are stored in queues until they are delivered or deleted by the sending or receiving endpoints.</li>
<li><strong>Guaranteed message delivery</strong>: Messages are delivered at least once and in the same order as they are sent.</li>
<li><strong>Message redelivery</strong>: If a message is not acknowledged, it will be resent up to three times before being deleted from the queue.</li>
<li><strong>Visibility timeout</strong>: Messages can be set to expire and deleted after a set amount of time, even if they have not been delivered yet.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Benefits of Amazon SQS</h3>
<p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Amazon SQS is a highly reliable and&nbsp;</span><a href="https://dzone.com/articles/full-duplex-scalable-client-server-communication-u"><span data-preserver-spaces="true">scalable</span></a><span data-preserver-spaces="true">&nbsp;message queuing service that enables you to reliably connect your applications. It provides the following benefits:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Low cost of ownership</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">: Amazon SQS is cost-effective due to its pay-per-use pricing model and the ability to use any of the AWS services.</span></li>
<li><strong>High throughput</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">: It can handle more than 1 million messages per second with a latency below 1 ms.</span></li>
<li><a href="https://dzone.com/articles/microservices-architectures-what-is-fault-toleranc"><strong>Fault tolerance</strong></a>: The service is designed to be highly available and durable with no single point of failure.</li>
<li><a href="https://dzone.com/articles/how-to-get-current-logged-in-username-in-spring-se"><strong>Security</strong></a>: Amazon SQS uses TLS and message signing when sending messages between clients, as well as authentication mechanisms for clients accessing the service.</li>
</ul>
<h2>How To Process Messages in a FIFO Order With SQS</h2>
<p>Wait, aren’t queues supposed to be First-in-First-out by design? Well, yes, but with SQS, it gets a little complicated. AWS claims they make the best effort to process messages in sequence, but, now and then, there can be instances of messages getting processed out of turn.&nbsp;</p>
<p>SQS has a distributed architecture with lots of redundancy. This means there is more than one message store. At runtime, messages are picked up randomly from one of the stores.</p>
<p>Let me try and explain this better with an analogy. Suppose a group of three people have gone to purchase tickets at a railway station ticket counter. They decide to stand in three different queues, and whoever gets the tickets first will notify the others so they can come out of the queue—distributed and redundant. Let us assume that all three queues have the same number of people at that instance. As luck would have it, another group of three people come into the station at almost the same time. As they were splitting up into three queues, a person from the second group managed to move past the first group and was ahead in one of the queues. At their turn, the person from the second group got the tickets before the other group—not desired but can happen at times.</p>
<p><img style="width: 157px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib lazyload" data-image="true" data-new="false" data-sizeformatted="9.4 kB" data-mimetype="image/png" data-creationdate="1677273354673" data-creationdateformatted="02/24/2023 09:15 PM" data-type="temp" data-url="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/temp/16727589-sqs-diagramdrawio.png" data-modificationdate="null" data-size="9375" data-name="sqs-diagramdrawio.png" data-id="16727589" data-src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/storage/temp/16727589-sqs-diagramdrawio.png" alt="Analogy"></p>
<p>So, what is the way out? If a strict FIFO order is required, AWS recommends using a FIFO queue. A FIFO SQS, unlike the standard SQS, guarantees strict ordering.&nbsp;</p>
<p>As an analogy, suppose you go into a bank and are immediately handed over a token. Token holders are served sequentially, ruling out the possibility of someone getting served out of turn.</p>
<h2>How Are Messages Processed?</h2>
<p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Standard SQS queues guarantee “at least once” processing. This means messages won’t be lost and would be processed at least once. But what is “at least once” supposed to mean? Does it mean that messages can be processed more than once? Well, the answer is yes.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Let us first look at a message lifecycle. The following are the stages:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">A message is put onto a queue.</span></li>
<li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">It gets picked up by the consumer.</span></li>
<li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Once processed, the consumer deletes it from the queue.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><strong><em>Note:&nbsp;</em></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">At post-processing, the message is not automatically deleted—it has to be explicitly deleted by the consumer.</span></p>
<p>Between stages #2 and #3, the message is “in-flight.” When a message is in-flight, a visibility timeout comes into play that suppresses the message in the queue so it is not processed again. The visibility timeout can be configured, the default being 30 secs. The idea is that a message has to be processed and subsequently deleted from the queue before the visibility timeout expires to avoid duplicate processing.</p>
<p>However, there can be times when a message gets stuck while processing, resulting in the visibility timeout expiring and the message getting picked up again by the <a href="https://dzone.com/articles/kafka-producer-and-consumer-example">consumer</a>. Also, it can so happen that, during the delete process, one of the servers gets off the hook, and the message lives on that particular server. When it comes back up, the message gets processed again. So, it is absolutely necessary to design the applications to be idempotent when using a standard SQS. That is, even if a message is processed more than once, it shouldn’t have any business impact.</p>
<p>Coming back to our railway station example, let us assume that once a person in a group gets the tickets, he will text all the others in the group. But, while sending the text, if the mobile of one of the receivers gets off the network, that person will not receive the message and will purchase the tickets again. This is a common scenario where a message can be processed more than once.</p>
<p>Messages in the FIFO SQS, on the other hand, get processed exactly once. This leads us to another important topic—how are duplicate messages handled? The standard SQS doesn’t care if you put in duplicate messages—the downline application is supposed to be idempotent.</p>
<p>The FIFO queue, on the other hand, does not allow duplicates. It creates a deduplication id, which is essentially a hash value based on the payload. However, if the same message has to be processed within a small time window: the default deduplication id will not work, and a custom random deduplication id has to be created and will allow all messages coming in to be processed even if it is exactly the same to one of the previous messages.</p>
<h2>Which Type of SQS Should You Use?</h2>
<p>As a rule of thumb, you should always look to use the standard SQS. It is distributed, redundant, and comes with unlimited throughput. After all, it is designed to scale and serve all types of workloads with considerable ease. However, if a strict order is of the utmost importance for the application you are building and you don’t care much about throughput, then, obviously, FIFO will be your best choice.</p></div>
</div>
<div id="bottom-bumper-container"></div>
<div class="article-tag-pill-container">
<span class="article-tag-pill">AWS</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Architecture</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Fault tolerance</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Message queue</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">consumer</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Id (programming language)</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">MEAN (stack)</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Processing</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Timeout (computing)</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Visibility (geometry)</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Scalability</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">authentication</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">security</span>
<span class="article-tag-pill">Throughput (business)</span>
</div>
<div class="attribution">
<p>Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div class="trending-separator goto"></div>
<aside class="trending goto" aria-labelledby="related-mobile-heading">
<h2 id="related-mobile-heading">Related</h2>
<ul>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/what-is-api-first" class="goto-link related-link">What Is API-First?</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/aws-nitro-enclaves-enhances-security" class="goto-link related-link">AWS Nitro Enclaves: Enhancing Security With Isolated Compute Environments</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/optimizing-github-access-management-for-enterprises" class="goto-link related-link">Optimizing GitHub Access Management for Enterprises: Enhancing Security, Scalability, and Continuity with Jenkins GitHub App Authentication and Load Balancing</a>
</li>
<li class="item">
<a href="/articles/design-scalable-and-secure-cloud-native-architectures" class="goto-link related-link">Designing Scalable and Secure Cloud-Native Architectures: Technical Strategies and Best Practices</a>
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
</div>
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-11" class="ads-bottom-leaderboard dz2_article_bottom" data-gpt-slot="bottom"></div>
<div class="layout-card widget-top-border partner-resources-block" style="width:100%; margin-bottom: 1em;">
<div class="main-container">
<div class="featured-header">
<h2>
<span>Partner Resources</span>
</h2>
</div>
<div class="partner-resources-container">
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-5" class="resource-block dz2_partner_resource_link" data-gpt-slot="partner" data-gpt-position="pr1"></div>
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-6" class="resource-block dz2_partner_resource_link" data-gpt-slot="partner" data-gpt-position="pr2"></div>
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-7" class="resource-block dz2_partner_resource_link" data-gpt-slot="partner" data-gpt-position="pr3"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom-sticky-ad-container">
<span class="bottom-sticky-ad-close" title="close"
x-on:click="$el.parentElement.classList.add('closed')">×</span>
<div id="div-gpt-ad-1635294790718-12" class="bottom-sticky-ad dz2_sticky_footer_leaderboard" data-gpt-slot="bottomStickyFooter"></div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade bd-example-modal-lg" id="modal-message" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">
<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header"></div>
<div class="modal-body"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="comments-overlay"></div>
<div id="comment-box">
<div class="comment-box-wrapper">
<div id="comment-input-editor"></div>
</div>
<div class="info hidden"></div>
<div class="comments-content" style="display: none;">
<div class="comment-header">
<hr />
<span class="icon-comment">
<span class="numOfComments"></span> Comments
</span>
</div>
<div class="comments"></div>
</div>
</div>
<script async>var articleTitle = 'Exploring the Architecture of Amazon SQS';
var articleUrl = 'https://dzone.com/articles/exploring-the-architecture-of-amazon-sqs';
var retweetLink = document.querySelector('#tweet-link');
function retweet(event) {
event.preventDefault();
event.stopPropagation();
var twitter = 'https://twitter.com/intent/tweet';
var params = '?text=' + encodeURIComponent(articleTitle) + '&url=' + articleUrl + '&ref=dzone.com&via=DZoneInc';
var win = window.open(twitter + params, '_blank');
win.focus();
}
retweetLink.addEventListener('click', retweet);
function showStatusMessage(options) {
var modal = document.getElementById('modal-message');
if(modal) {
modal.classList.add(options.type);
var modalBody = modal.querySelector('.modal-content .modal-body');
var modalHeader = modal.querySelector('.modal-content .modal-header');
modalHeader.innerText = options.header ? options.header : '';
modalBody.innerText = options.body ? options.body : '';
$(modal).modal('show');
$(modal).on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {
modal.classList.remove(options.type);
});
}
}
function showConfirmMessage(options) {
var modal = document.getElementById('modal-message');
if(modal) {
modal.classList.add(options.type);
var modalBody = modal.querySelector('.modal-content .modal-body');
var modalHeader = modal.querySelector('.modal-content .modal-header');
modalHeader.innerText = options.header ? options.header : '';
modalBody.innerText = options.body ? options.body : '';
if (options.textarea) {
var textareaDiv = document.createElement('div');
var textareaLabel = document.createElement('label');
textareaLabel.setAttribute('for', 'modal-textarea');
textareaLabel.innerText = options.textarea.label;
var textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
textarea.id = 'modal-textarea';
textarea.placeholder = (options.textarea.placeholder || '');
textarea.setAttribute('rows', (options.textarea.rows || 3));
textarea.classList.add('form-control', 'not-resizable');
if (options.textarea.maxlength) {
textarea.maxLength = options.textarea.maxlength;
}
textareaDiv.appendChild(textareaLabel);
textareaDiv.appendChild(textarea);
modalBody.appendChild(textareaDiv);
}
var btnContainer = document.createElement('div');
btnContainer.classList.add('btn-container');
var noBtn = document.createElement('button');
noBtn.innerText = options.noBtnText ? options.noBtnText : 'No';
noBtn.classList.add('no-btn');
var yesBtn = document.createElement('button');
yesBtn.innerText = options.yesBtnText ? options.yesBtnText : 'Yes';
yesBtn.classList.add('yes-btn');
btnContainer.appendChild(noBtn);
btnContainer.appendChild(yesBtn);
modalBody.appendChild(btnContainer);
$(modal).modal('show');
$(noBtn).one('click', function() {
$(modal).modal('hide');
if(options.noCallback) {
$(modal).one('hidden.bs.modal', function () {
options.noCallback();
});
}
});
$(yesBtn).one('click', function() {
$(modal).modal('hide');
if(options.yesCallback) {
$(modal).one('hidden.bs.modal', function () {
options.yesCallback();
});
}
});
$(modal).on('hidden.bs.modal', function () {
modal.classList.remove(options.type);
});
}
}
function getSuspensionBody() {
return 'We regret to inform you that your DZone account has been suspended for violating our Guidelines. ' +
'Please reach out to editors@dzone.com if you would like additional information.';
}</script>
<style>.engagement-overlay {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
background: rgb(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
z-index: 10000;
}
.engagement-modal {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
position: fixed;
z-index: 10;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.engagement-modal .inner {
background-color: white;
border-radius: 0.5em;
margin: auto;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
}
.engagement-modal .header {
padding: 20px 50px 10px 30px;
position: relative;
}
.engagement-modal .title {
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: bold;
color: #333333;
}
.engagement-modal .title:hover {
text-decoration: none;
}
.engagement-modal .close {
font-size: 18px;
position: absolute;
top: 18px;
right: 20px;
width: 32px;
height: 32px;
background: none;
border: none;
opacity: 0.8;
font-weight: bold;
text-shadow: 0 1px 0 #fff;
}
.engagement-modal .close:hover {
background-color: rgba(146, 148, 151, 0.2);
color: #000;
border-radius: 50%;
}
.engagement-modal .close:after {
content: '\2715';
}
.engagement-modal .content {
padding: 0 30px 20px;
width: min(450px, 90vw);
height: min(450px, 90vw);
scrollbar-width: thin;
overflow: auto;
overscroll-behavior: contain;
}
.engagement-modal .loading-screen,
.engagement-modal .content .center-screen {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100%;
font-size: 18px;
}
.engagement-modal .content .center-screen a {
color: var(--acc-ffffff-blue-1);
font-weight: bold;
}
.engagement-modal .loading-screen i {
font-size: 24px;
}
.engagement-modal .media-left,
.engagement-modal .media-right {
display: table-cell;
vertical-align: top;
}
.engagement-modal .media-left {
padding-right: 10px;
}
.engagement-modal .media-right {
padding-left: 10px;
}
.engagement-modal .media a {
color: black;
font-size: 16px;
}
.engagement-modal .avatar {
border-radius: 50%;
}
.engagement-modal .footer {
margin: 20px 0 0;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
background-color: unset !important;
border-top: none !important;
}
.engagement-modal .footer .btn {
border: 1px solid transparent;
}
.engagement-modal .footer .btn-primary {
color: #fff;
border-color: #2e6da4;
}
.engagement-modal .footer button {
background-color: var(--acc-ffffff-blue-2);
padding: 6px 12px;
border-radius: 4px;
}
.engagement-modal .footer button:hover {
filter: brightness(1.2);
}
@keyframes anim-spin {
0% {
transform: rotate(0deg);
}
100% {
transform: rotate(359deg);
}
}
.engagement-modal .anim-spin {
display: inline-block;
animation: anim-spin 2s infinite linear;
}</style>
<script>document.addEventListener('alpine:init', () => {
Alpine.data('engagementModal', (nodeId) => ({
nodeId: null,
init() {
this.nodeId = nodeId;
},
open() {
this.updateStore();
this.$store.article.engagement.open = true;
if (this.$store.article.engagement.page === 1 && !this.$store.article.engagement.unauthorized) {
this.$store.article.engagement.initializing = true;
this.fetchEngagements();
}
},
close() {
if (this.$store.article.engagement.open) {
this.$store.article.engagement.open = false;
}
},
updateStore() {
if (this.nodeId !== this.$store.article.id) {
this.$store.article.engagement.reset();
this.$store.article.id = this.nodeId;
}
},
fetchEngagements() {
if (this.$store.article.engagement.loading || !this.$store.article.engagement.additional) {
return;
}
this.$store.article.engagement.loading = true;
this.$store.global.getFromService('/services/nodes/' + this.$store.article.id + '/engagements?page=' + this.$store.article.engagement.page)
.then(res => {
res.json().then(data => {
for (let user of data.engagements) {
this.$store.article.engagement.users.push(user);
}
this.$store.article.engagement.additional = data.additional;
this.$store.article.engagement.page++;
});
})
.catch(err => {
err.json().then(data => {
if (data.error?.code === 4011) {
this.$store.article.engagement.unauthorized = true;
} else {
this.$store.modal_engagement_error.open();
}
});
})
.finally(() => {
// Allow the loader to gracefully exit
setTimeout(() => {
this.$store.article.engagement.loading = false;
this.$store.article.engagement.initializing = false;
}, 200);
});
},
formatJobData(user) {
if (user.profile.jobTitle && user.profile.companyName) {
return user.profile.jobTitle + ', ' + user.profile.companyName;
}
if (user.profile.jobTitle) {
return user.profile.jobTitle;
}
if (user.profile.companyName) {
return user.profile.companyName;
}
return null;
},
isDataUnavailable() {
return !this.$store.article.engagement.initializing && !this.$store.article.engagement.users.length;
},
isFooterShowing() {
return !this.$store.article.engagement.initializing
&& this.$store.article.engagement.additional
&& this.$store.article.engagement.page > 1;
}
}));
});
</script>
<div class="alpine-overlay" x-cloak x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error._open">
<div id="modal_engagement_error"
class="alpine-modal"
role="dialog"
tabindex="-1"
x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error._open"
x-on:click.self="$store.modal_engagement_error.dismissible && $store.modal_engagement_error.close()"
x-cloak
x-transition
>
<div class="dz-style modal-inner centered relative">
<button x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error.closeable"
class="btn-close"
x-on:click="$store.modal_engagement_error.close()"
aria-label="Close">
</button>
<div x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error.title" class="modal-header p-sm mt-sm mb-md">
<div class="title " x-text="$store.modal_engagement_error.title"></div>
</div>
<div class="modal-content py-md px-lg" x-bind:class="{ 'has-top-border': $store.modal_engagement_error.title }">
<p x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error.bodyText" class="my-none" x-text="$store.modal_engagement_error.bodyText"></p>
<p>The likes didn't load as expected. Please refresh the page and try again.</p>
</div>
<div x-show="$store.modal_engagement_error.options.length" class="modal-footer p-sm">
<template x-for="option in $store.modal_engagement_error.options">
<button x-show="option.canDisplay" x-text="option.text"
type="button"
x-bind:id="'button_modal_engagement_error_' + option.index"
x-bind:class="option.classList"
x-on:click="option.onClick"
x-bind:disabled="option.isDisabled"
></button>
</template>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
Alpine.store("modal_engagement_error", {
_open: false,
title: "Oops! Something Went Wrong",
bodyText: null,
options: [{"action":"dismiss","text":"Close"}],
closeable: true,
dismissible: true,
open(data) {
if (data) {
if (data.title) {
this.title = data.title;
}
if (data.bodyText) {
this.bodyText = data.bodyText;
}
if (data.options) {
this.options = data.options;
}
if (data.dismissAfterMs) {
setTimeout(() => this._open = false, data.dismissAfterMs);
}
}
this.updateOptions();
this._open = true;
},
close() {
// Manually click the buttons in which should run on dismiss.
// This is to keep the context. Calling this[option.action]() will not work.
for (let option of this.options) {
if (option.runOnDismiss) {
const element = document.querySelector('#button_modal_engagement_error_' + option.index);
element.click();
}
}
this._open = false;
},
updateOptions() {
const btnStyle = this.options.length === 2 ? ' btn-default' : '';
this.options = this.options.map((o, idx) => ({
...o,
index: idx,
classList: o.classList ? o.classList : (idx === 0 ? "btn btn-primary hov-brighten" : "btn hov-underline" + btnStyle),
onClick: function() {
if (o.action !== "dismiss") {
this[o.action]();
}
this.$store["modal_engagement_error"].close();
},
isDisabled: function() {
return Object.hasOwn(o, 'disabled') && this[o.disabled]();
},
canDisplay: function() {
return !Object.hasOwn(o, 'condition') || this[o.condition]();
}
}));
},
init() {
this.updateOptions();
}
});
});
</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/footer/styles.css">
<div id="ftl-footer">
<div class="container-fluid footerOuter" style="padding-bottom: 90px;">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="container">
<div class="row footer">
<div class="col-md-12 footerWidget">
<div class="row footerContainer footer">
<div class="left col-xs-12 col-sm-7">
<div class="col-xs-12 social-media-icons footer-mobile">
<ul class="icons-only">
<li class="rss-icon" id="rss-footer-1">
<a href="/pages/feeds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-4 h-4 mt-1.75 fill-current" aria-label="Follow our RSS feeds">
<title>RSS</title>
<path d="M19.199 24C19.199 13.467 10.533 4.8 0 4.8V0c13.165 0 24 10.835 24 24h-4.801zM3.291 17.415c1.814 0 3.293 1.479 3.293 3.295 0 1.813-1.485 3.29-3.301 3.29C1.47 24 0 22.526 0 20.71s1.475-3.294 3.291-3.295zM15.909 24h-4.665c0-6.169-5.075-11.245-11.244-11.245V8.09c8.727 0 15.909 7.184 15.909 15.91z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="twitter-icon">
<a href="https://twitter.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on X">
<title>X</title>
<path d="M14.234 10.162 22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532.929 1.329 7.754 11.09h-3.182z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="facebook-icon">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook">
<title>Facebook</title>
<path d="M9.101 23.691v-7.98H6.627v-3.667h2.474v-1.58c0-4.085 1.848-5.978 5.858-5.978.401 0 .955.042 1.468.103a8.68 8.68 0 0 1 1.141.195v3.325a8.623 8.623 0 0 0-.653-.036 26.805 26.805 0 0 0-.733-.009c-.707 0-1.259.096-1.675.309a1.686 1.686 0 0 0-.679.622c-.258.42-.374.995-.374 1.752v1.297h3.919l-.386 2.103-.287 1.564h-3.246v8.245C19.396 23.238 24 18.179 24 12.044c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.628 3.874 10.35 9.101 11.647Z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="linkedin-icon">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dzone/" target="_blank"
rel="noreferrer noopener">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn">
<path d="M6.20062 21.2143H1.84688V7.194H6.20062V21.2143ZM4.02141 5.2815C2.62922 5.2815 1.5 4.12838 1.5 2.73619C1.5 2.06747 1.76565 1.42614 2.2385 0.953285C2.71136 0.48043 3.35269 0.214783 4.02141 0.214783C4.69012 0.214783 5.33145 0.48043 5.80431 0.953285C6.27716 1.42614 6.54281 2.06747 6.54281 2.73619C6.54281 4.12838 5.413 5.2815 4.02141 5.2815ZM22.4953 21.2143H18.1509V14.3893C18.1509 12.7628 18.1181 10.6768 15.8873 10.6768C13.6237 10.6768 13.2769 12.444 13.2769 14.2721V21.2143H8.92781V7.194H13.1034V9.1065H13.1644C13.7456 8.00494 15.1655 6.84244 17.2838 6.84244C21.69 6.84244 22.5 9.744 22.5 13.5128V21.2143H22.4953Z" fill="currentColor"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="top-section col-xs-12">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
<p class="section-header">ABOUT US</p>
<ul class="link-group">
<li><a href="/pages/about" rel="noreferrer noopener">About DZone</a></li>
<li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a9dadcd9d9c6dbdde9cdd3c6c7cc87cac6c4" rel="noreferrer noopener">Support and feedback</a></li>
<li><a href="/pages/dzone-community-research">Community research</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
<p class="section-header">ADVERTISE</p>
<ul class="link-group">
<li><a href="https://advertise.dzone.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Advertise with DZone</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom-section col-xs-12">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
<p class="section-header">CONTRIBUTE ON DZONE</p>
<ul class="bottom-top-list link-group">
<li><a href="/articles/dzones-article-submission-guidelines">Article Submission Guidelines</a></li>
<li><a href="/pages/contribute" rel="noreferrer noopener">Become a Contributor</a></li>
<li><a href="/pages/core" rel="noreferrer noopener">Core Program</a></li>
<li><a href="/writers-zone" rel="noreferrer noopener">Visit the Writers' Zone</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="section-header">LEGAL</p>
<ul class="link-group">
<li><a href="https://technologyadvice.com/terms-conditions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Terms of Service</a></li>
<li><a href="https://technologyadvice.com/privacy-policy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Privacy Policy</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
<p class="section-header">CONTACT US</p>
<ul class="link-group">
<li>3343 Perimeter Hill Drive</li>
<li>Suite 215</li>
<li>Nashville, TN 37211</li>
<li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b8cbcdc8c8d7caccf8dcc2d7d6dd96dbd7d5" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="483b3d3838273a3c082c3227262d662b2725">[email&#160;protected]</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="right col-xs-12 col-sm-5">
<p class="connect-text">Let's be friends:</p>
<div class="col-xs-12 social-media-icons footer-wide">
<ul class="icons-only">
<li class="rss-icon" id="rss-footer-1">
<a href="/pages/feeds" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow our RSS feeds">
<title>RSS</title>
<path d="M19.199 24C19.199 13.467 10.533 4.8 0 4.8V0c13.165 0 24 10.835 24 24h-4.801zM3.291 17.415c1.814 0 3.293 1.479 3.293 3.295 0 1.813-1.485 3.29-3.301 3.29C1.47 24 0 22.526 0 20.71s1.475-3.294 3.291-3.295zM15.909 24h-4.665c0-6.169-5.075-11.245-11.244-11.245V8.09c8.727 0 15.909 7.184 15.909 15.91z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="twitter-icon">
<a href="https://twitter.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on X">
<title>X</title>
<path d="M14.234 10.162 22.977 0h-2.072l-7.591 8.824L7.251 0H.258l9.168 13.343L.258 24H2.33l8.016-9.318L16.749 24h6.993zm-2.837 3.299-.929-1.329L3.076 1.56h3.182l5.965 8.532.929 1.329 7.754 11.09h-3.182z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="facebook-icon">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/DZoneInc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">
<svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook">
<title>Facebook</title>
<path d="M9.101 23.691v-7.98H6.627v-3.667h2.474v-1.58c0-4.085 1.848-5.978 5.858-5.978.401 0 .955.042 1.468.103a8.68 8.68 0 0 1 1.141.195v3.325a8.623 8.623 0 0 0-.653-.036 26.805 26.805 0 0 0-.733-.009c-.707 0-1.259.096-1.675.309a1.686 1.686 0 0 0-.679.622c-.258.42-.374.995-.374 1.752v1.297h3.919l-.386 2.103-.287 1.564h-3.246v8.245C19.396 23.238 24 18.179 24 12.044c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12s-12 5.373-12 12c0 5.628 3.874 10.35 9.101 11.647Z"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="linkedin-icon">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/dzone/" target="_blank"
rel="noreferrer noopener">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 25" fill="none" aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn">
<path d="M6.20062 21.2143H1.84688V7.194H6.20062V21.2143ZM4.02141 5.2815C2.62922 5.2815 1.5 4.12838 1.5 2.73619C1.5 2.06747 1.76565 1.42614 2.2385 0.953285C2.71136 0.48043 3.35269 0.214783 4.02141 0.214783C4.69012 0.214783 5.33145 0.48043 5.80431 0.953285C6.27716 1.42614 6.54281 2.06747 6.54281 2.73619C6.54281 4.12838 5.413 5.2815 4.02141 5.2815ZM22.4953 21.2143H18.1509V14.3893C18.1509 12.7628 18.1181 10.6768 15.8873 10.6768C13.6237 10.6768 13.2769 12.444 13.2769 14.2721V21.2143H8.92781V7.194H13.1034V9.1065H13.1644C13.7456 8.00494 15.1655 6.84244 17.2838 6.84244C21.69 6.84244 22.5 9.744 22.5 13.5128V21.2143H22.4953Z" fill="currentColor"></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script>
const articleId = 3317567;
const likes = 4;
const assetDomain = 'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com';
const codemirrorVars = {
modeURI: 'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/mode/',
requiredScripts: [
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/lib/codemirror.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/addon/mode/overlay.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/addon/mode/multiplex.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/mode/meta.js'
]
};
const gptTags = {
'zone': 'Databases',
'topicTag': 'AWS,Architecture,Fault tolerance,Message queue,consumer,id,MEAN,processing,timeout,visibility,Scalability,authentication,security,throughput',
'company': '',
'siteSection': 'Zones',
'articleCategory': 'analysis',
'nodeID': '3317567',
'authorID': '3403739',
'publishYear': '2023',
'publishMonth': '02',
'jobRole': '',
'companySize': '',
'env': 'prod'
};
const minCommentChar = 10;
</script>
<script async>const width = window.innerWidth;
const metadata = {
'top': {
'position': 'top',
'slot': 'dz2_article_billboard_new',
},
'sponsorLogo': {
'position': 'zoneHomepage',
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_sponsor_logo',
'refreshable': false
},
'sidebar1': {
'position': 'sidebar',
'slot': 'dz2_article_halfpage_new',
'minWidthToShow': 1024
},
'topBumper': {
'position': 'top',
'slot': 'dz2_bumper_text_ad',
'minWidthToShow': 1024
},
'bottomBumper': {
'position': 'bottom',
'slot': 'dz2_bumper_text_ad',
'minWidthToShow': 1024
},
'bottom': {
'position': 'bottom',
'slot': 'dz2_article_bottom',
},
'bottomStickyFooter': {
'position': 'sticky',
'slot': 'dz2_sticky_footer_leaderboard',
},
'partner': {
'slot': 'dz2_partner_resource_link',
},
'branded': {
'slot': 'dz2_branded_content',
'refreshable': false
},
'topicBillboard': {
'position': ['top', 'zoneHomepage'],
'slot': 'dz2_topic_billboard',
},
'listPageSidebar': {
'position': 'sidebar',
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_sidebar',
'minWidthToShow': 1024
},
'topListPageLeaderboard2': {
'position': ['top', 'zoneList'],
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_leaderboard_2',
},
'bottomListPageLeaderboard2': {
'position': ['bottom', 'zoneList'],
'slot': 'dz2_list_page_leaderboard_2',
},
'homepageLeaderboard': {
'position': 'top',
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_leaderboard',
},
'homepageLeaderboard2': {
'position': 'bottom',
'slot': 'dz2_homepage_leaderboard_2',
},
'skybox': {
'position': 'above nav',
'slot': 'dz_skybox',
'refreshable': false
},
'inline': {
'position': 'inline',
'slot': 'dz2_inline-article-display',
}
};
var campaign = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("adTargeting_campaign");
window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] };
if (campaign) {
window.googletag.cmd.push(function() {
window.googletag.setConfig({ targeting: { campaign }});
});
}
let lastHeader = null;
const topContainer = document.querySelector('#top-bumper-container');
const bottomContainer = document.querySelector('#bottom-bumper-container');
function GAM_getPersistentValue(key) {
const stored = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key));
if (!stored) {
return null;
}
const { value, expiration } = stored;
if (expiration && Date.now() >= expiration) {
localStorage.removeItem(key);
return null;
}
return value;
}
function GAM_setPersistentValue(key, value, expiration) {
// 5 minutes from now
if (!expiration) {
expiration = Date.now() + 300000;
}
const storedValue = JSON.stringify({
value: value,
expiration: expiration
});
localStorage.setItem(key, storedValue);
return value;
}
function GAM_synchronousRequest(params) {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', params.url, false);
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
if (typeof params.auth_header !== "undefined") {
xhr.setRequestHeader("Authorization", params.auth_header);
}
xhr.send(null);
if (xhr.status === 200) {
return xhr.responseText;
} else {
throw new Error('Request failed: ' + xhr.statusText);
}
}
function GAM_fetch_data(params) {
let stored_data = GAM_getPersistentValue(params.storage_key);
if (stored_data === null) {
try {
const response = GAM_synchronousRequest(params);
const data = JSON.parse(response);
// Store and expire after 30 minutes
return GAM_setPersistentValue(params.storage_key, data, Date.now() + 1800000);
} catch (error) {
console.error('Could not get ' + params.storage_key + ' data: ' + error);
return null;
}
} else {
return stored_data;
}
}
function GAM_setUpSixSenseTargeting() {
let meData = GAM_fetch_data({
url: "https://link.technologyadvice.com/_me",
storage_key: "ta_me_data"
});
let sixSenseData = GAM_fetch_data({
url: "https://epsilon.6sense.com/v3/company/details",
auth_header: "Token d20a1b0e892442270cbc4cb6801c0160d28af04c",
storage_key: "ta_6s_data"
});
function meDataIncludes(i) {
return meData.tags.includes(i);
}
if (typeof meData !== "undefined" && meData !== null) {
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("visitor_id", meData.vid);
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user_agent", meData.user_agent);
var tags_mapping = {
"is_datacenter": ["site.is-datacenter"],
"is_suspected_bot": ["site.suspected-bad-bot", "site.bad-bot"],
"is_ta_user": ["site.is-ta-user"],
"is_crawler": ["site.user-agent-blocked"],
"is_ad_blocked": ["site.is-ad-blocked"],
};
for (var key in tags_mapping) {
if (tags_mapping[key].some(meDataIncludes)) {
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(key, 'true');
}
}
}
if (typeof sixSenseData !== "undefined" && sixSenseData !== null) {
var segment_ids = [];
if (sixSenseData.segments && sixSenseData.segments.ids && sixSenseData.segments.ids.length) {
sixSenseData.segments.ids.forEach(function (v) {
segment_ids.push(v.toString());
});
}
if (typeof segment_ids !== "undefined" && segment_ids.length > 0) {
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("segment_ids_6si", segment_ids);
}
}
}
if (width >= 1024 && (topContainer || bottomContainer)) {
// Dynamically create bumper ad slots for non-mobile devices.
// Prevents ugly dividers being rendered on empty ad slots (mobile)
const topBumper = document.createElement('div');
topBumper.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-3';
topBumper.classList.add('article-bumper', 'article-bumper-top', 'dz2_bumper_text_ad');
topBumper.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'topBumper');
topContainer.appendChild(topBumper);
const bottomBumper = document.createElement('div');
bottomBumper.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-4';
bottomBumper.classList.add('article-bumper', 'article-bumper-bottom', 'dz2_bumper_text_ad');
bottomBumper.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'bottomBumper');
bottomContainer.appendChild(bottomBumper);
}
if (gptTags.zone) {
gptTags.zone = gptTags.zone.replaceAll(/[\s/]/g, '_')
.replaceAll(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/g, '')
.toLowerCase();
}
makeAds();
function handleSkybox() {
const skybox = document.querySelector('div.skybox');
if (skybox) {
document.body.classList.add('skybox-auto-collapse');
// observe classlist changes for offsetting sticky ads
const observer = new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
mutations.forEach((mutation) => {
if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && mutation.attributeName === 'class') {
let offset = 0;
if (!document.body.classList.contains('skybox-closed') && (
document.body.classList.contains('ccad-skybox-manualcollapse')
|| document.body.classList.contains('ccad-skybox-manualexpand')
)) {
offset = skybox.getBoundingClientRect().height;
}
let eligibleAds = [
{ element: document.querySelector('.content-right-images'), offset: 108 },
{ element: document.querySelector('.trending-sidebar'), offset: 88 },
{ element: document.querySelector('.trending'), offset: 88 }
];
for (let ad of eligibleAds) {
if (ad.element) {
ad.element.style.top = (ad.offset + offset) + 'px';
}
}
}
});
});
observer.observe(document.body, { attributes: true });
}
}
function isHeaderEligible(header) {
const range = document.createRange();
range.setStartAfter(lastHeader);
range.setEndBefore(header);
return range.toString().trim().length >= 600;
}
function placeInlineAds() {
const excludedContent = document.querySelectorAll('#ftl-article.branded-content, #ftl-article.sponsored');
if (excludedContent.length > 0) {
return;
}
const headers = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.content-html h2')).splice(1);
let globalIndex = 12;
for (let i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
if (!lastHeader || isHeaderEligible(headers[i])) {
const element = document.createElement('div');
element.id = 'div-gpt-ad-1435246566686-' + globalIndex;
element.classList.add('inline-display', 'dz2_inline-article-display');
element.setAttribute('data-gpt-slot', 'inline');
headers[i].before(element);
lastHeader = element;
globalIndex++;
}
}
}
function makeAds() {
handleSkybox();
placeInlineAds();
const script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = 'https://i6ByW9Zmz4ncxhHkb.ay.delivery/manager/i6ByW9Zmz4ncxhHkb';
script.type = 'text/javascript';
script.referrerPolicy = 'no-referrer-when-downgrade';
document.head.appendChild(script);
window.googletag.cmd.push(function() {
const containers = document.querySelectorAll('div[data-gpt-slot]');
for (let container of containers) {
const div = container.getAttribute('data-gpt-slot');
const meta = metadata[div];
if (meta.minWidthToShow && width < meta.minWidthToShow) {
continue;
}
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting('hostname', window.location.hostname);
Object.keys(gptTags).forEach(function(key) {
window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting(key, gptTags[key]);
});
window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', (event) => {
window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
var slotId = event.slot.getSlotElementId();
if (!slotId.includes('__ayManagerEnv__')) {
return;
}
var className = slotId.split('__ayManagerEnv__')[0];
var slotName = className.replace('dz2_', '').replace('dz_', '').replace(/_\d+$/, '');
var unitName = meta.slot.replace('dz2_', '').replace('dz_', '').replace(/_\d+$/, '');
if (slotName !== unitName) {
return;
}
var elem = document.getElementById(slotId);
if (!elem) {
console.warn('Ad element missing', slotId);
return;
}
// Ad unit did not fill, collapse slot
if (event.isEmpty && elem.parentElement) {
elem.parentElement.style.display = 'none';
}
});
});
}
GAM_setUpSixSenseTargeting();
});
}
</script>
<script async>// InMobi Choice. Consent Manager Tag v3.0 (for TCF 2.2)
!function(){var e=window.location.hostname,t=document.createElement("script"),n=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],a="https://cmp.inmobi.com".concat("/choice/","vPn77x7pBG57Y","/","dzone.com","/choice.js?tag_version=V3"),p=0;t.async=!0,t.type="text/javascript",t.src=a,n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n),function(){for(var e,t="__tcfapiLocator",n=[],a=window;a;){try{if(a.frames[t]){e=a;break}}catch(e){}if(a===window.top)break;a=a.parent}e||(!function e(){var n=a.document,p=!!a.frames[t];if(!p)if(n.body){var s=n.createElement("iframe");s.style.cssText="display:none",s.name=t,n.body.appendChild(s)}else setTimeout(e,5);return!p}(),a.__tcfapi=function(){var e,t=arguments;if(!t.length)return n;if("setGdprApplies"===t[0])t.length>3&&2===t[2]&&"boolean"==typeof t[3]&&(e=t[3],"function"==typeof t[2]&&t[2]("set",!0));else if("ping"===t[0]){var a={gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"};"function"==typeof t[2]&&t[2](a)}else"init"===t[0]&&"object"==typeof t[3]&&(t[3]=Object.assign(t[3],{tag_version:"V3"})),n.push(t)},a.addEventListener("message",(function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data,n={};try{n=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){}var a=n.__tcfapiCall;a&&window.__tcfapi(a.command,a.version,(function(n,p){var s={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:n,success:p,callId:a.callId}};t&&(s=JSON.stringify(s)),e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(s,"*")}),a.parameter)}),!1))}(),function(){const e=["2:tcfeuv2","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:usca","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"];window.__gpp_addFrame=function(e){if(!window.frames[e])if(document.body){var t=document.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,document.body.appendChild(t)}else window.setTimeout(window.__gpp_addFrame,10,e)},window.__gpp_stub=function(){var t=arguments;if(__gpp.queue=__gpp.queue||[],__gpp.events=__gpp.events||[],!t.length||1==t.length&&"queue"==t[0])return __gpp.queue;if(1==t.length&&"events"==t[0])return __gpp.events;var n=t[0],a=t.length>1?t[1]:null,p=t.length>2?t[2]:null;if("ping"===n)a({gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}},!0);else if("addEventListener"===n){"lastId"in __gpp||(__gpp.lastId=0),__gpp.lastId++;var s=__gpp.lastId;__gpp.events.push({id:s,callback:a,parameter:p}),a({eventName:"listenerRegistered",listenerId:s,data:!0,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else if("removeEventListener"===n){for(var i=!1,o=0;o<__gpp.events.length;o++)if(__gpp.events[o].id==p){__gpp.events.splice(o,1),i=!0;break}a({eventName:"listenerRemoved",listenerId:p,data:i,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:e,cmpId:10,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[-1],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else"hasSection"===n?a(!1,!0):"getSection"===n||"getField"===n?a(null,!0):__gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(t))},window.__gpp_msghandler=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data;try{var n=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){n=null}if("object"==typeof n&&null!==n&&"__gppCall"in n){var a=n.__gppCall;window.__gpp(a.command,(function(n,p){var s={__gppReturn:{returnValue:n,success:p,callId:a.callId}};e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(s):s,"*")}),"parameter"in a?a.parameter:null,"version"in a?a.version:"1.1")}},"__gpp"in window&&"function"==typeof window.__gpp||(window.__gpp=window.__gpp_stub,window.addEventListener("message",window.__gpp_msghandler,!1),window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator"))}();var s=function(){var e=arguments;typeof window.__uspapi!==s&&setTimeout((function(){void 0!==window.__uspapi&&window.__uspapi.apply(window.__uspapi,e)}),500)};if(void 0===window.__uspapi){window.__uspapi=s;var i=setInterval((function(){p++,window.__uspapi===s&&p<3?console.warn("USP is not accessible"):clearInterval(i)}),6e3)}}();
</script>
<script async>
(function(w, d, s, l, i) {
w[l] = w[l] || [];
w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'});
var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';
j.async = true;
j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-K25QL22');
</script>
<script>
window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date;
ga('create', 'UA-410289-1', 'auto');
ga('require', 'linkid', 'linkid.js');
ga('require', 'GTM-TSD9TZP');
ga('set', 'siteSpeedSampleRate', 25);
</script>
<script async src="https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js"></script>
<script async>var analytics = {
'dimension1': 'Databases',
'dimension2': 'article/analysis',
'dimension3': '2023-02-25',
'dimension4': '0',
'dimension5': '',
'dimension7': 'AWS, Architecture, Fault tolerance, Message queue, consumer, id, MEAN, processing, timeout, visibility, Scalability, authentication, security, throughput',
'dimension8': 'satrajitbasu',
'dimension9': 'undefined',
'dimension10': 'TCG Digital'
};
if (window.ga) {
Object.keys(analytics).forEach(function(key) {
window.ga('set', key, analytics[key]);
});
window.ga('send', 'pageview');
}</script>
<script src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script async src="https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/static/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script>
function loadScript(src) {
return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
const s = document.createElement('script');
s.src = src;
s.onload = resolve;
s.onerror = reject;
document.head.appendChild(s);
});
}
function loadStyle(href) {
const link = document.createElement('link');
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.href = href;
document.head.appendChild(link);
}
function loadScriptsSync(deferred) {
var p = Promise.resolve();
for (var i = 0; i < deferred.length; i++) {
let script = deferred[i];
p = p.then(function() {
return loadScript(script);
});
}
return p;
}
function loadStyles() {
const deferred = [
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/codemirror/lib/codemirror.css',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/comments/styles.css',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/css/froala_editor.pkgd.min.css',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/css/themes/gray.min.css',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/mini-profile.css'
];
for (var i = 0; i < deferred.length; i++) {
loadStyle(deferred[i]);
}
}
window.addEventListener('load', function(_event) {
loadStyles();
loadScriptsSync([
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/lazysizes.min.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/codeblocks.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/activity-bar.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/lib/froala3/js/froala_editor.pkgd.min.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/froala/content.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/comments/content.js',
'https://dz2cdn1.dzone.com/themes/dz20/ftl/article/content.js'
]);
});
</script>
</body>
</html>