76 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
76 lines
2.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Alertmanager"
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type: entity
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aliases: [Prometheus Alertmanager, Alertmanager OSS]
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tags: [alerting, prometheus, notification, devops, observability]
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date: 2025-11-11
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---
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# Alertmanager
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## Overview
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Alertmanager 是 Prometheus 生态系统中的告警分发和路由组件。当 Prometheus 的告警规则触发时，告警被发送给 Alertmanager，由 Alertmanager 负责抑制（inhibition）、分组（grouping）、静默（silencing）和路由（routing）到最终的通知通道（邮件、Slack、PagerDuty、WeChat 等）。
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## Key Characteristics
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- **告警分组**：将相似告警合并为一条通知，避免告警风暴
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- **抑制机制**：当一个严重告警触发时，自动抑制相关的次要告警
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- **静默规则**：基于时间窗口的告警静默，支持重复告警抑制
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- **多通道路由**：邮件、Slack、WeChat、Telegram、PagerDuty、Webhook
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- **重复间隔**：未解决的告警按可配置间隔重复发送
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## Prometheus Configuration
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```yaml
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# prometheus.yml
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alerting:
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alertmanagers:
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- static_configs:
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- targets: ['alertmanager:9093']
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```
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## Alertmanager Configuration
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```yaml
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# alertmanager/config.yml
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global:
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resolve_timeout: 5m
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route:
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receiver: default
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group_wait: 10s # 新告警等待 10s 再发送（收集同组告警）
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group_interval: 5m # 告警组更新间隔
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repeat_interval: 3h # 重复告警间隔
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receivers:
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- name: default
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email_configs:
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- to: "youremail@example.com"
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from: "monitor@example.com"
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smarthost: "smtp.example.com:587"
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auth_username: "monitor@example.com"
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auth_password: "yourpassword"
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# Slack 配置示例
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slack_configs:
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- api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/xxx'
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channel: '#alerts'
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```
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## Alertmanager vs Grafana Alerting
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| 维度 | Alertmanager | Grafana Alerting |
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|------|-------------|-----------------|
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| 数据源 | Prometheus 原生 | 多数据源 |
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| 告警规则 | Prometheus YAML | Grafana UI / YAML |
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| 通知通道 | 原生多通道 | 原生 + 插件扩展 |
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| 告警历史 | 需额外存储 | 内置告警历史 |
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| 适用场景 | 标准化告警 | 仪表盘联动告警 |
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## Related Sources
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- [[家庭监控方案-prometheus-grafana-node-exporter-cadvisor-blackbox]]
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## Related Entities
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- [[Prometheus]] — 告警规则源和发送方
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- [[Grafana]] — 可替代 Prometheus Alerting 的告警方案
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## Related Concepts
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- [[Prometheus告警规则]] — 告警条件定义
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- [[PromQL]] — 告警触发条件语言
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- [[System Monitoring]] — 上游应用领域
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