143 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
143 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "frp"
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type: entity
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aliases: [frp内网穿透, frp工具]
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tags: [network, proxy, tunneling, open-source]
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---
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# frp
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## Overview
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**frp** (Fast Reverse Proxy) 是一个开源的高性能内网穿透工具，由 [fatedier](https://github.com/fatedier/frp) 开发维护。通过在公网服务器（frps）和内网机器（frpc）之间建立反向隧道，使内网服务可被公网访问。
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## Architecture
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frp 采用 C/S 架构，包含两个核心组件：
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| 组件 | 全称 | 角色 | 部署位置 |
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|------|------|------|---------|
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| **frps** | frp Server | 服务端，监听客户端连接 | 公网 VPS |
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| **frpc** | frp Client | 客户端，建立反向隧道 | 内网机器 |
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## Core Concepts
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### Protocol Types
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- **TCP**：通用 TCP 代理，适用于 SSH、数据库等任意 TCP 服务
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- **UDP**：通用 UDP 代理，适用于 DNS、视频流等 UDP 服务
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- **HTTP/HTTPS**：专为 Web 服务设计，支持虚拟主机和路径路由
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### Authentication
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- **Token**：基于共享密钥的认证机制，frps 和 frpc 配置中的 `token` 必须一致
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- Token 不一致会导致认证失败：`authentication failed token mismatch`
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### Dashboard (Optional)
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frps 可选启用 Web 管理面板：
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```ini
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[dashboard]
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dashboard_addr = 0.0.0.0
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dashboard_port = 7500
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dashboard_user = admin
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dashboard_pwd = StrongPassword123!
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```
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## Configuration Files
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### frps.ini (服务端)
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```ini
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[common]
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bind_addr = 0.0.0.0
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bind_port = 7000
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# 可选：Web Dashboard
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dashboard_addr = 0.0.0.0
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dashboard_port = 7500
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dashboard_user = admin
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dashboard_pwd = StrongPassword
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# 认证 Token（必须与客户端一致）
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token = YourSecretTokenHere
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```
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### frpc.ini (客户端)
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```ini
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[common]
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server_addr = <frps公网IP>
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server_port = 7000
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token = YourSecretTokenHere
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# TCP 映射示例：本地 5000 → VPS 15000
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[nas]
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type = tcp
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local_ip = 127.0.0.1
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local_port = 5000
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remote_port = 15000
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# SSH 映射示例
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[ssh]
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type = tcp
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local_ip = 127.0.0.1
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local_port = 22
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remote_port = 60022
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```
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## Installation
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### VPS (frps)
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```bash
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cd /opt
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sudo mkdir frp && cd frp
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FRP_VER=0.65.0
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sudo curl -LO https://github.com/fatedier/frp/releases/download/v${FRP_VER}/frp_${FRP_VER}_linux_amd64.tar.gz
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sudo tar xzf frp_${FRP_VER}_linux_amd64.tar.gz
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sudo mv frp_${FRP_VER}_linux_amd64/* /opt/frp/
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```
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### systemd Service (frps)
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```ini
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[Unit]
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Description=frp server (frps)
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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ExecStart=/opt/frp/frps -c /opt/frp/frps.ini
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Restart=on-failure
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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```bash
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl enable --now frps
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sudo systemctl status frps
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```
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## Common Use Cases
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1. **Web 服务穿透**：内网 NAS、Web 应用通过子域名访问
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2. **SSH 远程访问**：通过 `ssh -p 60022 user@vps.domain.com` 访问内网机器
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3. **数据库远程连接**：MySQL、MongoDB 等数据库的远程管理
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4. **监控系统访问**：Grafana、Prometheus 等内网监控面板的公网展示
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## Advantages
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| 特性 | 说明 |
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|------|------|
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| **轻量** | 单二进制文件，无额外依赖 |
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| **高性能** | 基于 Go 语言，支持高并发连接 |
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| **自动重连** | 网络中断后自动重连 |
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| **热更新** | 支持配置热加载 |
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| **多协议支持** | TCP/UDP/HTTP/HTTPS |
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| **Web Dashboard** | 可选的图形化管理界面 |
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## Related Concepts
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- [[内网穿透]] — frp 是实现内网穿透的典型工具
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- [[反向代理]] — frp 与 Caddy/Nginx 常配合使用
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- [[TCP 隧道]] — frp 建立的底层连接机制
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- [[VPS]] — frps 常部署在公网 VPS 上
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## References
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- GitHub: https://github.com/fatedier/frp
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- 文档: https://gofrp.org/docs/
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