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- Source: sources/engineering-cms-developer.md - Entities: WordPress, Drupal - Concepts: ContentModel-first, CodeOverConfiguration - Updated: index.md (Sources/Entities/Concepts), overview.md, log.md
86 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
86 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Drupal"
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type: entity
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tags: [cms, php, enterprise, open-source]
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last_updated: 2026-05-01
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---
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## Overview
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Drupal is an open-source enterprise CMS/CMF written in PHP, known for its flexibility and scalability. Primary use cases: enterprise platforms, complex content models, government/digital transformation projects, multilingual sites.
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## Aliases
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- Drupal CMS
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- Drupal CMF
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## Key Characteristics
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- **Complex content modeling**: Paragraphs, entity references, media library, field API, display modes
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- **Layout Builder**: Per-node layouts, layout templates, custom section and component types
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- **Configuration in code**: `drush cim/cex` (config import/export) — all config in YAML files
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- **Custom modules**: PHP attributes (Drupal 10+), hook system, routing YAML, service container
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- **Twig templating**: Template layer with preprocess hooks for data transformation
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- **Composer workflow**: `composer require`, patches, version pinning, `drush pm:security`
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- **Multilingual**: TMGMT translation module, language negotiation built-in
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## Drupal Coding Patterns
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### Custom Module Structure
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```
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my_module/
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├── my_module.info.yml
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├── my_module.module
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├── my_module.routing.yml
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├── my_module.services.yml
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├── my_module.permissions.yml
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├── my_module.links.menu.yml
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└── src/
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├── Controller/
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├── Form/
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├── Plugin/Block/
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└── EventSubscriber/
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```
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### Custom Block Plugin (Drupal 10+ PHP Attributes)
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```php
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#[Block(
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id: 'my_custom_block',
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admin_label: new TranslatableMarkup('My Custom Block'),
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)]
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class MyBlock extends BlockBase {
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public function build(): array {
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return [
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'#theme' => 'my_custom_block',
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'#attached' => ['library' => ['my_module/my-block']],
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'#cache' => ['max-age' => 3600],
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];
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}
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}
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```
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### Hook Implementation
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```php
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function my_module_node_access(EntityInterface $node, $op, AccountInterface $account) {
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if ($node->bundle() === 'case_study' && $op === 'view') {
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return $account->hasPermission('view case studies')
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? AccessResult::allowed()->cachePerPermissions()
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: AccessResult::forbidden()->cachePerPermissions();
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}
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return AccessResult::neutral();
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}
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```
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## Connections
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- [[CMSDeveloper]] uses Drupal as a primary CMS platform
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- [[ContentModel-first]] applies to Drupal content modeling before theme code
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- [[CodeOverConfiguration]] — Drupal config exported to YAML, not UI
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- [[LayoutBuilder]] is a Drupal-specific flexible content building system
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- [[TwigTemplating]] is Drupal's template engine
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## Sources
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- [[engineering-cms-developer]]
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