391 lines
186 KiB
HTML
391 lines
186 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="preload" href="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp" as="image"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/ultra_wide-f4aac5320f6700ca613d30ce96c4767a.webp" fetchPriority="high"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/322hzq53y-ate.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0wx0vdnm7hdmy.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0x3xkgg58au6y.js"/><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2gc3t38rduro8.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0twso4u6hw761.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/10m794inm80pb.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/turbopack-2tuhnem_njaxt.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0_yn_tfn0gu0m.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2j5e0t58khzrz.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3no77d5_iriq9.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0riv-c36uxb26.js" async=""></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2nz2yvxj21ukn.js" async=""></script><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700&display=fallback" as="style" crossorigin="anonymous" media="screen"/><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700&display=fallback" as="style" crossorigin="anonymous" media="screen"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700&display=fallback" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700&display=fallback" rel="preload"/><title>Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader | Resilience in Software Foundation</title><meta name="description" content="Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has "/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="2249535069215389"/><meta property="og:title" content="Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader | Resilience in Software Foundation"/><meta property="og:description" content="Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has "/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Resilience in Software Foundation"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-9b89a4c0e316ea8a8eb7f5fe1854987c.webp"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader | Resilience in Software Foundation"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has "/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-9b89a4c0e316ea8a8eb7f5fe1854987c.webp"/><link rel="icon" href="https://resilienceinsoftwarefoundation.us.hivebrite.com/favicon.ico"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700&display=fallback" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700&display=fallback" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/><style>
|
||
:root {
|
||
--font-family: Open Sans;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body, button, input, textarea { font-family: var(--font-family), Inter, Nunito, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif !important; }
|
||
</style><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0cz1d0mv5g_q7.js" noModule=""></script><style data-styled="" data-styled-version="6.5.3">.csngdr{position:absolute;border:0;cursor:pointer;top:0;left:8px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;pointer-events:none;transform:translateY(-40px);transition:transform 0.2s ease-out,opacity 0.2s ease-out;white-space:nowrap;user-select:none;z-index:1090;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.csngdr:focus{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;transform:translateY(0);}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g1[id="SkipToContent__SkipLinkStyled-sc-8b3f6f37-0"]{content:"csngdr,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cJSLnI{color:#555;font-size:1.07rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3rem;display:flex;padding:8px;background-color:#fff;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g2[id="SkipToContent__SkipLinkStyledWrapper-sc-8b3f6f37-1"]{content:"cJSLnI,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ebKXnA{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;min-height:100vh;padding-top:92px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.ebKXnA{padding-top:72px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gSMlAf{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.fzHJGr{justify-content:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin:auto;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.fzHJGr{max-width:768px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.fzHJGr{max-width:1024px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.fzHJGr{max-width:1440px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gVbWAc{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:24px;margin-top:56px;margin-left:32px;margin-right:32px;grid-row-gap:32px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.gVbWAc{grid-row-gap:52px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jEIODi{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jEIODi{grid-column:span 4;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jEIODi{grid-column:span 3;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bSDPrX{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.kYiAMs{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.kYiAMs{grid-column:span 3;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.kYiAMs{grid-column:span 2;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hluIfI{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.khFeJe{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.khFeJe{margin-bottom:32px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gdnuBL{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.gdnuBL{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gmCshB{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.gmCshB{grid-column:span 2;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jrnWJj{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-bottom:16px;margin-top:-16px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jrnWJj{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.iRGxs{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.iRGxs{margin-bottom:32px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.xGrDF{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.xGrDF{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jBeuqC{justify-self:left;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jBeuqC{justify-self:end;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jBeuqC{grid-column:span 3;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.eSjgri{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:start;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.eSjgri{justify-content:end;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.fKvwcs{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;margin-left:0;margin-right:16px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.fKvwcs{margin-left:16px;margin-right:0;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.etVpkk{justify-self:left;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;overflow:hidden;display:flex;grid-column:span 12;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.etVpkk{justify-self:end;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.etVpkk{grid-column:span 9;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.etVpkk{grid-column:span 12;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gTVMTY{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.dknTMx{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.igWYoV{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.igWYoV{display:none;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.eSvYQq{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.OzLcp{position:relative;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:20px;margin-right:28px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.fixJqw{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;min-width:25px;padding-top:1px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.iJJmoV{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:none;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.iJJmoV{display:block;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.aYqWX{justify-content:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.aYqWX{max-width:768px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.aYqWX{max-width:1024px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.aYqWX{max-width:1440px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gBRcit{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:4px;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cRlXbW{align-items:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:10px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hnhZrX{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:inline-block;margin-left:6px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cOKCCX{justify-content:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:0;padding-bottom:24px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.cOKCCX{max-width:768px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.cOKCCX{max-width:1024px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.cOKCCX{max-width:1440px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.cOKCCX{margin-top:32px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jSILAH{flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jSILAH{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jSILAH{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jSILAH{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jSILAH{margin-left:-20px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jSILAH{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jSILAH{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.kxQFCu{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;padding-left:0;padding-top:20px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.kxQFCu{padding-left:20px;padding-top:20px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.kxQFCu{padding-left:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.kxQFCu{padding-left:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ercVhJ{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;padding-bottom:24px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;padding-top:16px;background-color:transparent;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.ercVhJ{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.ercVhJ{padding-bottom:32px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.fScRFm{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-bottom:16px;padding-bottom:16px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.fScRFm{margin-bottom:24px;padding-bottom:24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.fzdQzq{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-right:0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cNWsPK{flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bRccPD{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;grid-gap:12px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.biNsvt{flex:1;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.8461538461538463rem;font-weight:700;line-height:2.230769230769231rem;display:block;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.biNsvt{font-size:2.4615384615384617rem;line-height:2.8461538461538463rem;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ldkrga{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-top:10px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jYXfit{color:rgb(92, 100, 112);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-top:8px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bWsukS{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;margin-top:12px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cXOiip{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;height:32px;display:flex;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.nSVk{justify-content:center;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-bottom:60px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.nSVk{max-width:768px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.nSVk{max-width:1024px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.nSVk{max-width:1440px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.goizoB{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.6923076923076923rem;font-weight:700;line-height:2.0769230769230766rem;display:flex;margin-top:36px;line-height:29px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.goizoB{font-size:1.8461538461538463rem;line-height:2.230769230769231rem;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jNYxIR{flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-left:0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jNYxIR{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jNYxIR{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jNYxIR{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jNYxIR{margin-left:-20px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jNYxIR{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jNYxIR{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.dQNeud{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:block;padding-bottom:16px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;padding-top:16px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.dQNeud{padding-bottom:24px;padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hZbbrS{position:relative;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;overflow:hidden;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ehDvKl{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hrksWC{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:92px;padding-bottom:24px;padding-top:12px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.hrksWC{height:118px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bZeHqR{z-index:0;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;flex:1;flex-direction:column;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;height:116px;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:24px;padding-left:12px;padding-right:12px;padding-top:12px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.bZeHqR{height:118px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.bZeHqR{padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hVyqKD{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.3846153846153846rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;display:flex;margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hVyqKD{line-height:1.8461538461538463rem;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jwSNmt{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;margin-top:4px;padding-bottom:6px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g3[id="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0"]{content:"ebKXnA,gSMlAf,fzHJGr,gVbWAc,jEIODi,bSDPrX,kYiAMs,hluIfI,khFeJe,gdnuBL,gmCshB,jrnWJj,iRGxs,xGrDF,jBeuqC,eSjgri,fKvwcs,etVpkk,gTVMTY,dknTMx,igWYoV,eSvYQq,OzLcp,fixJqw,iJJmoV,aYqWX,gBRcit,cRlXbW,hnhZrX,cOKCCX,jSILAH,kxQFCu,ercVhJ,fScRFm,fzdQzq,cNWsPK,bRccPD,biNsvt,ldkrga,jYXfit,bWsukS,cXOiip,nSVk,goizoB,jNYxIR,dQNeud,hZbbrS,ehDvKl,hrksWC,bZeHqR,hVyqKD,jwSNmt,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ghQxMU{color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g4[id="ui__StyledFaIcon-sc-c7b1475b-0"]{content:"ghQxMU,jaoDiy,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
@keyframes dHAcpB{from{transform:rotate(0deg);}to{transform:rotate(360deg);}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g5[id="sc-keyframes-dHAcpB"]{content:"dHAcpB,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
@keyframes cruJpc{0%{stroke-dashoffset:var(--dash-max);}50%{stroke-dashoffset:var(--dash-mid);}100%{stroke-dashoffset:var(--dash-max);}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g6[id="sc-keyframes-cruJpc"]{content:"cruJpc,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.eRGDry{animation:dHAcpB 600ms linear infinite;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.eRGDry{animation:none;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g7[id="Loader__RotatingSvg-sc-e2c1f715-0"]{content:"eRGDry,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hMnjPg{animation:cruJpc 1600ms cubic-bezier(0.45, 0, 0.55, 1) infinite;transform-origin:center;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.hMnjPg{animation:none;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g8[id="Loader__DashCircle-sc-e2c1f715-1"]{content:"hMnjPg,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bhQsRe{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g9[id="Loader__LoaderWrapper-sc-e2c1f715-2"]{content:"bhQsRe,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gbjNWG{border:0!important;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)!important;height:1px!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;padding:0!important;position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;white-space:nowrap!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g10[id="ScreenReadersContent__ScreenReadersContentStyled-sc-83356440-0"]{content:"gbjNWG,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cckkvh{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;min-width:0;transition:opacity 0.2s,transform 0.2s;opacity:1;transform:translateY(0);white-space:nowrap;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g11[id="InnerWrapper-sc-face0ce4-0"]{content:"cckkvh,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.dXBZTM{inset:0;position:absolute;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;transition:transform 0.2s ease-out,opacity 0.2s ease-out;transform:translateY(100%);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g12[id="LoaderWrapper-sc-62e4144e-0"]{content:"dXBZTM,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ezolrG{min-height:40px;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;appearance:none;border-style:solid;cursor:pointer;position:relative;user-select:none;transition:background-color 0.2s,color 0.2s,border-color 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ezolrG:focus{outline:revert;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ezolrG[data-focus-visible-added]:focus{outline:2px solid rgb(175, 43, 22);outline-offset:2px;z-index:1;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g14[id="Wrapper-sc-e96089af-0"]{content:"ezolrG,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jgrSBy{box-shadow:0 1px 6px 0 rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1);border-radius:10px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g15[id="Card-sc-2ed53ea2-0"]{content:"jgrSBy,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
@keyframes hUniol{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g24[id="sc-keyframes-hUniol"]{content:"hUniol,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.llRGgU{animation:hUniol 300ms ease-out;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g25[id="ui__StyledImg-sc-9b9ac9c0-0"]{content:"llRGgU,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hKhSsm{background:linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6));overflow:hidden;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hKhSsm{border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g27[id="styled__ImageWrapperStyled-sc-2c2295e1-1"]{content:"hKhSsm,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.kAqQFG{background-color:white;object-fit:cover;aspect-ratio:1600/600;width:100%;height:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.kAqQFG{border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g28[id="styled__ImageStyled-sc-2c2295e1-2"]{content:"kAqQFG,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bsTAPu{border-bottom:1px solid rgb(235, 238, 243);}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g29[id="styled__HeaderStyled-sc-2c2295e1-3"]{content:"bsTAPu,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jCJtHJ{background:inherit;box-sizing:content-box;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g30[id="styled__RelatedContentWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-4"]{content:"jCJtHJ,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jbrAqA{background:inherit;transition:height 0.3s;box-sizing:content-box;border-radius:0 0 10px 10px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g31[id="styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5"]{content:"jbrAqA,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hNXqLZ{transition-duration:0.3s;transition-property:filter,height,transform;aspect-ratio:1600/600;background-image:url(https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/large-1ea23391ed8f2d3c3e4e237eb45b9b17.webp);background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hNXqLZ{background-image:url(https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/medium-13897efc5940fecae635d3162e8c5554.webp);}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bUWHxy{transition-duration:0.3s;transition-property:filter,height,transform;aspect-ratio:1600/600;background-image:url(https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/11454232/large-58c744e8e4af3c01c9724be4e7cee829.webp);background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.bUWHxy{background-image:url(https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/11454232/medium-a63380649d4f7fadc00f9876dc11c987.webp);}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g32[id="styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6"]{content:"hNXqLZ,bUWHxy,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cycDCt{background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6));border-radius:10px 10px 0 0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g33[id="styled__RelatedImgWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-7"]{content:"cycDCt,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bdXqxJ{text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g34[id="styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8"]{content:"bdXqxJ,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hfHojJ{line-height:1.5rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g36[id="styled__RelatedDescription-sc-2c2295e1-10"]{content:"hfHojJ,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jkJbIz{cursor:pointer;display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media (hover: hover){.jkJbIz .styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6{transform:scale(1);}.jkJbIz:hover .styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6,.jkJbIz:focus .styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6{transform:scale(1.05);}.jkJbIz:hover .styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8,.jkJbIz:focus .styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8{color:rgb(105, 26, 13);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;}.jkJbIz:hover .styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5,.jkJbIz:focus .styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5{height:157px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g37[id="styled__RelatedCardStyled-sc-2c2295e1-11"]{content:"jkJbIz,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gLXmbg{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;display:flex;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;cursor:pointer;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.gLXmbg{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gLXmbg:hover{color:rgb(105, 26, 13);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gLXmbg:focus{outline:revert;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gLXmbg[data-focus-visible-added]:focus{outline:2px solid rgb(175, 43, 22);outline-offset:2px;z-index:1;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g40[id="createStyledFakeLink__StyledFakeLink-sc-bae562c9-0"]{content:"gLXmbg,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cWkNQc{min-width:0;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.cWkNQc{margin-left:8.333333333333332%;flex:0 0 83.33333333333334%;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.cWkNQc{margin-left:16.666666666666664%;flex:0 0 66.66666666666666%;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.dagzBg{min-width:0;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.dagzBg{margin-left:8.333333333333332%;flex:0 0 41.66666666666667%;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.dagzBg{margin-left:16.666666666666664%;flex:0 0 33.33333333333333%;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckeRsZ{min-width:0;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.ckeRsZ{margin-left:0%;flex:0 0 41.66666666666667%;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.ckeRsZ{margin-left:0%;flex:0 0 33.33333333333333%;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g50[id="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0"]{content:"cWkNQc,dagzBg,ckeRsZ,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jHhhMk{padding-left:0;padding-top:20px;height:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.jHhhMk{padding-left:20px;padding-top:20px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.jHhhMk{padding-left:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.jHhhMk{padding-left:24px;padding-top:24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g51[id="Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1"]{content:"jHhhMk,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ylcnO{flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-left:0;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.ylcnO{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.ylcnO{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.ylcnO{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.ylcnO{margin-left:-20px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.ylcnO{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.ylcnO{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hEDgQU{flex-direction:column;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-left:0;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hEDgQU{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.hEDgQU{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.hEDgQU{flex-direction:row;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.hEDgQU{margin-left:-20px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.hEDgQU{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.hEDgQU{margin-left:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g52[id="Row__RowStyled-sc-a5c2e20d-0"]{content:"ylcnO,hEDgQU,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.igztJQ{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:-20px;height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.igztJQ{margin-top:-20px;margin-left:32px;margin-right:32px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.igztJQ{margin-top:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.igztJQ{margin-top:-24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.CbzOM{margin-left:16px;margin-right:16px;margin-top:-20px;height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.CbzOM{margin-top:-20px;margin-left:24px;margin-right:24px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.CbzOM{margin-top:-24px;margin-left:32px;margin-right:32px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media screen and (min-width: 1440px){.CbzOM{margin-top:-24px;margin-left:32px;margin-right:32px;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g55[id="Grid__GridStyled-sc-c7f19ef3-0"]{content:"igztJQ,CbzOM,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk{word-break:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;max-width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk div{display:block;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk hr{border-color:#ccc;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk .embedly-embed{max-width:100%;height:unset;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk a:not(.button),.ckSTdk a:not(.button) span{color:rgb(175, 43, 22);font-weight:600;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk a:not(.button):hover,.ckSTdk a:not(.button):hover span{color:rgb(105, 26, 13);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk strong a:not(.button),.ckSTdk strong a:not(.button) span,.ckSTdk strong a:not(.button):hover,.ckSTdk strong a:not(.button):hover span{font-weight:700;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk img{max-width:100%;display:inline-block;object-fit:contain;object-position:top;vertical-align:baseline;height:unset;margin-right:16px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk img[style*='float: right']{margin-left:16px;margin-right:0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk .img-left{float:left;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk .img-right{float:right;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk .img-center{float:none;margin:0;text-align:center;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk figure{margin:0 16px 0 0;float:left;display:inline-block;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk figure img{margin:0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk figure.align-center{margin:0 auto;float:none;display:table;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk figure figcaption,.ckSTdk figcaption{margin-top:0.25rem;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;text-align:center;min-width:auto;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk h1,.ckSTdk h2,.ckSTdk h3,.ckSTdk h4,.ckSTdk h5,.ckSTdk h6{font-weight:400;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk h1{font-size:2.3076923076923075rem;line-height:2.8461538461538463rem;margin-bottom:2.1rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk h2{font-size:1.6923076923076923rem;line-height:2.0769230769230766rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk h3{font-size:1.3846153846153846rem;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;margin-bottom:1.4rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk h4{font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;line-height:1.5384615384615383rem;margin-bottom:1.3rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk h5{font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;margin-bottom:1.2rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk h6{font-size:0.9230769230769231rem;line-height:1.1538461538461537rem;margin-bottom:1.1rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
@media (min-width: 1024px){.ckSTdk h1{font-size:2.4615384615384617rem;line-height:3rem;}.ckSTdk h2{font-size:1.8461538461538463rem;line-height:2.230769230769231rem;}.ckSTdk h3{font-size:1.5384615384615383rem;line-height:1.8461538461538463rem;}.ckSTdk h4{font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;line-height:1.5384615384615383rem;}.ckSTdk h5{font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;line-height:1.3076923076923077rem;}.ckSTdk h6{font-size:0.9230769230769231rem;line-height:1.1538461538461537rem;}}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk .mce-content-body [data-mce-selected='inline-boundary']{outline:1px solid #b4d7ff;outline-offset:0;background-color:transparent;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk blockquote{display:block;font-style:italic;font-family:Georgia,Times,'Times New Roman',serif;padding:2px 0;border-style:solid;border-color:#ccc;border-width:0;margin:1em 1.5em;padding-left:20px;padding-right:8px;border-left-width:2px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk blockquote p{margin:1em 0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk p{margin-bottom:20px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk span,.ckSTdk a{line-height:1.215;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk p,.ckSTdk li,.ckSTdk td{color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-size:1.2307692307692308rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6923076923076923rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk strong,.ckSTdk b{font-weight:600;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk i,.ckSTdk cite,.ckSTdk em,.ckSTdk var,.ckSTdk address,.ckSTdk dfn{font-style:italic;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk u,.ckSTdk ins{text-decoration:underline;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk s,.ckSTdk strike,.ckSTdk del{text-decoration:line-through;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk sub{vertical-align:sub;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk sup{vertical-align:super;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk sub,.ckSTdk sup{font-size:smaller;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk tt,.ckSTdk code,.ckSTdk kbd,.ckSTdk samp{font-family:monospace;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk q{quotes:initial;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk q::before{content:open-quote;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk q::after{content:close-quote;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk big{font-size:larger;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk small{font-size:smaller;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk .marker{background-color:Yellow;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table td,.ckSTdk table th{vertical-align:top;padding:0.4rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table thead td,.ckSTdk table th{font-weight:600;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[border]:not([border="0"]):not([style*=border-color]) td,.ckSTdk table[border]:not([border="0"]):not([style*=border-color]) th{border:solid 1px currentColor;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: hidden"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: hidden"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="hidden"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="hidden"] th{border-style:hidden!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: dotted"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: dotted"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="dotted"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="dotted"] th{border-style:dotted!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: dashed"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: dashed"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="dashed"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="dashed"] th{border-style:dashed!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: solid"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: solid"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="solid"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="solid"] th{border-style:solid!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: double"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: double"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="double"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="double"] th{border-style:double!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: groove"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: groove"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="groove"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="groove"] th{border-style:groove!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: ridge"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: ridge"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="ridge"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="ridge"] th{border-style:ridge!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: inset"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: inset"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="inset"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="inset"] th{border-style:inset!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: outset"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border-style: outset"] th,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="outset"] td,.ckSTdk table[style*="border:"][style*="outset"] th{border-style:outset!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table[border='0'],.ckSTdk table[border='0'] td,.ckSTdk table[border='0'] th{border:none;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk table td img,.ckSTdk table th img{height:unset;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ul,.ckSTdk ol{padding-left:0;counter-reset:counter;margin-left:40px;margin-block-start:1em;margin-block-end:1em;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ul li,.ckSTdk ol li{list-style:none;counter-increment:counter;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ul li[style*='text-align: center']::before,.ckSTdk ul li[style*='text-align: right']::before,.ckSTdk ol li[style*='text-align: center']::before,.ckSTdk ol li[style*='text-align: right']::before{position:relative;left:-0.5em;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ul li::before,.ckSTdk ol li::before{position:absolute;right:calc(100% + 0.5em);text-wrap:nowrap;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ul li::before{content:counter(counter, disc) ' ';}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ol li::before{content:counter(counter) '. ';}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ul[style*='list-style-type: circle']>li::before{content:counter(counter, circle) ' ';}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ul[style*='list-style-type: square']>li::before{content:counter(counter, square) ' ';font-family:sans-serif;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: lower-roman']>li::before{content:counter(counter, lower-roman) '. ';}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: lower-alpha']>li::before{content:counter(counter, lower-alpha) '. ';}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: lower-greek']>li::before{content:counter(counter, lower-greek) '. ';}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: upper-roman']>li::before{content:counter(counter, upper-roman) '. ';}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk ol[style*='list-style-type: upper-alpha']>li::before{content:counter(counter, upper-alpha) '. ';}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk li>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk li>p{margin-top:0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.ckSTdk li[style*='text-align: center']>p:first-child,.ckSTdk li[style*='text-align: right']>p:first-child{display:inline;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g57[id="HtmlContentWrapperWithStyle-sc-d185182e-0"]{content:"ckSTdk,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.dSKAKJ:after{content:'';clear:both;display:table;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g58[id="PublicationText__Wrapper-sc-272ab012-0"]{content:"dSKAKJ,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jYtrQc{margin:0px;padding:0px;word-break:break-word;line-height:2rem;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g59[id="ClampedLinkWorkaround-sc-7be7fc1a-0"]{content:"jYtrQc,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cIojFh{color:rgb(175, 43, 22);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cIojFh:hover{color:rgb(105, 26, 13);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cIojFh:focus{outline:revert;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cIojFh[data-focus-visible-added]:focus{outline:2px solid rgb(175, 43, 22);outline-offset:2px;z-index:1;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g73[id="createStyledLink__StyledNextLink-sc-7f272c51-2"]{content:"cIojFh,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.dGhvCS{color:rgb(175, 43, 22)!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g129[id="StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0"]{content:"dGhvCS,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cszkxb a{color:rgb(175, 43, 22)!important;margin-right:4px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cszkxb a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:2px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g131[id="HivebriteDisclaimer__StyledLink-sc-555f750b-0"]{content:"cszkxb,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.eemYpp{color:rgb(175, 43, 22)!important;font-weight:600!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g132[id="ResetCookies__FakeLinkStyled-sc-99c0c969-0"]{content:"eemYpp,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cfIpyX{display:grid;width:100%;grid-template-columns:repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr));column-gap:24px;word-break:break-word;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g133[id="PublicFooter__FooterGrid-sc-53239817-0"]{content:"cfIpyX,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.hxTiJU{max-width:100%;max-height:48px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g134[id="PublicFooter__StyledImage-sc-53239817-1"]{content:"hxTiJU,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cogoFq{display:block;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;z-index:1050;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g135[id="styled__HeaderWrapper-sc-3a0d7762-0"]{content:"cogoFq,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.fOXPgm{position:relative;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.fOXPgm:after{background:rgba(175, 43, 22, 1);border-radius:2px;bottom:-8px;content:' ';height:4px;left:0;position:absolute;transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left 50%;transition:transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.9, 0.26, 0.58, 1);width:100%;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g136[id="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1"]{content:"fOXPgm,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jBukBh{align-items:center;height:92px;padding-top:20px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g137[id="styled__MenuWrapper-sc-1ef64261-0"]{content:"jBukBh,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bYyACd{text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bYyACd>span{line-height:1.5;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.bYyACd:hover{text-decoration:none;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g142[id="ButtonInLink__StyledLink-sc-3e53b94f-0"]{content:"bYyACd,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.iTWIH{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:left;height:72px;margin:auto;padding:0 20px;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g143[id="styled__MenuWrapper-sc-a0fd1434-0"]{content:"iTWIH,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cQUrJN{display:inline-block;padding-left:20px;height:100%;transition:opacity 500ms cubic-bezier(0.19, 1, 0.22, 1);width:100%;opacity:0;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g144[id="styled__StyledUl-sc-a0fd1434-1"]{content:"cQUrJN,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.dAJYVc{display:inline-block;position:relative;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.dAJYVc:hover ul,.dAJYVc:focus-within ul{display:block;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g145[id="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2"]{content:"dAJYVc,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cEQplB{display:block;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:72px;padding:0 10px;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cEQplB span:after{transform:scaleX(0);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cEQplB:hover span:after{transform:scaleX(1);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cDKQNo{display:block;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:2;padding:8.5px 0;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cDKQNo span:after{transform:scaleX(0);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cDKQNo:hover span:after{transform:scaleX(1);}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g146[id="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3"]{content:"cEQplB,cDKQNo,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cUcSgn{box-shadow:0 1px 6px 0 rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1);display:none;min-width:160px;padding:0 12px;position:absolute;top:100%;white-space:nowrap;width:auto;z-index:1050;background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cUcSgn li{display:block;text-align:left;width:auto;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.cUcSgn li a{position:relative;padding:8.5px 0;line-height:2;height:auto!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g147[id="styled__StyledSubMenu-sc-a0fd1434-4"]{content:"cUcSgn,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.jiaoIP{align-items:center;align-self:stretch;position:relative;cursor:pointer;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;line-height:72px;color:rgb(175, 43, 22);visibility:hidden;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g148[id="styled__StyledMoreItems-sc-a0fd1434-5"]{content:"jiaoIP,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gspLjc{box-shadow:0 1px 6px 0 rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1);left:0;min-width:160px;padding:0 12px;position:absolute;top:100%;white-space:nowrap;width:auto;z-index:100;background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);display:none;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gspLjc li{display:block;text-align:left;width:auto;}/*!sc*/
|
||
.gspLjc li a{position:relative;padding:8.5px 0;line-height:2;height:auto!important;}/*!sc*/
|
||
data-styled.g149[id="styled__StyledDropdownMenu-sc-a0fd1434-6"]{content:"gspLjc,"}/*!sc*/
|
||
</style></head><body style="background:#FBF9F9"><div hidden=""><!--$--><!--/$--></div><a href="#po-main-container" class="SkipToContent__SkipLinkStyled-sc-8b3f6f37-0 csngdr"><span class="SkipToContent__SkipLinkStyledWrapper-sc-8b3f6f37-1 cJSLnI">Skip to content</span></a><header class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__HeaderWrapper-sc-3a0d7762-0 dknTMx cogoFq"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 igWYoV"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__MenuWrapper-sc-1ef64261-0 eSvYQq jBukBh"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 OzLcp"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 fixJqw"><span class="ScreenReadersContent__ScreenReadersContentStyled-sc-83356440-0 gbjNWG">Toggle main navigation</span><svg data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars ui__StyledFaIcon-sc-c7b1475b-0 ghQxMU" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" aria-hidden="true" style="--fa-animation-delay:0;--fa-animation-duration:2s;--fa-animation-iteration-count:infinite;--fa-width:auto;height:28px" color="link"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64l384 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32L32 128C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32l384 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32L32 288c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32L32 448c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32l384 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></div></div><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/" style="height:48px"><img alt="Resilience in Software Foundation logo" height="48px" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp"/></a></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 iJJmoV"><div role="navigation" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 aYqWX styled__MenuWrapper-sc-a0fd1434-0 iTWIH"><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/" style="height:48px"><img alt="Resilience in Software Foundation logo" height="48px" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp"/></a><ul aria-label="Main navigation" class="styled__StyledUl-sc-a0fd1434-1 cQUrJN"><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/memberships" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Become a Member</span></a></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/donations" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Donate</span></a></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/events" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Events</span></a></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/news" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Blog</span></a></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="/page/about-us" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">About Us</span></a><ul class="styled__StyledSubMenu-sc-a0fd1434-4 cUcSgn"><li><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/page/bylaws" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cDKQNo"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Bylaws</span></a></li><li><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/page/policies" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cDKQNo"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Policies</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="styled__StyledLi-sc-a0fd1434-2 dAJYVc"><a href="https://www.bonfire.com/store/risf/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Store</span></a></li></ul><div aria-controls="desktop_dropdown_menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__StyledMoreItems-sc-a0fd1434-5 eSvYQq jiaoIP">More<span class="ScreenReadersContent__ScreenReadersContentStyled-sc-83356440-0 gbjNWG">Open dropdown to see remaining menu items</span><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 gBRcit"><svg data-prefix="far" data-icon="chevron-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-down ui__StyledFaIcon-sc-c7b1475b-0 jaoDiy" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" aria-hidden="true" style="--fa-animation-delay:0;--fa-animation-duration:2s;--fa-animation-iteration-count:infinite;--fa-width:auto;height:12px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M207.5 409c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l200-200c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9s-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-183 183-183-183c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0s-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l200 200z"></path></svg></div><ul id="desktop_dropdown_menu" class="styled__StyledDropdownMenu-sc-a0fd1434-6 gspLjc"></ul></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 cRlXbW"><a href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/login" class="styled__StyledLink-sc-a0fd1434-3 cEQplB"><span style="white-space:nowrap" class="styled__StyledSpan-sc-3a0d7762-1 fOXPgm">Log in</span></a><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 hnhZrX"><div data-testid="button-in-link-wrapper" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 eSvYQq"><a style="display:inline-flex" class="createStyledLink__StyledNextLink-sc-7f272c51-2 cIojFh ButtonInLink__StyledLink-sc-3e53b94f-0 bYyACd" href="https://resilienceinsoftware.org/signup"><span data-testid="signup-link" style="background-color:rgb(235, 238, 244);border-color:transparent;border-radius:5px;border-width:0;color:rgb(10, 13, 16);font-family:inherit;font-size:1.0769230769230769rem;font-weight:600;opacity:1;padding:0px 16px" class="Wrapper-sc-e96089af-0 ezolrG"><div class="LoaderWrapper-sc-62e4144e-0 dXBZTM"><div aria-hidden="true" data-testid="loader" role="status" class="Loader__LoaderWrapper-sc-e2c1f715-2 bhQsRe"><svg data-testid="loader-svg" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" class="Loader__RotatingSvg-sc-e2c1f715-0 eRGDry"><circle cx="8" cy="8" data-testid="loader-circle" fill="none" r="7" stroke="currentColor" stroke-dasharray="43.982297150257104" stroke-width="2" style="--dash-max:39.58406743523139;--dash-mid:21.991148575128552" class="Loader__DashCircle-sc-e2c1f715-1 hMnjPg"></circle></svg></div></div><div class="InnerWrapper-sc-face0ce4-0 cckkvh">Become a Member</div></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></header><div id="po-main-container" role="main" tabindex="-1" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 ebKXnA"><div data-testid="@hivebrite/frontoffice-news/show" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 cOKCCX"><div class="Grid__GridStyled-sc-c7f19ef3-0 igztJQ"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Row__RowStyled-sc-a5c2e20d-0 jSILAH ylcnO"><div tabindex="-1" class="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0 cWkNQc"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1 kxQFCu jHhhMk"><div data-testid="news-cover-picture" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__ImageWrapperStyled-sc-2c2295e1-1 eSvYQq hKhSsm"><img loading="eager" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/ultra_wide-f4aac5320f6700ca613d30ce96c4767a.webp" alt="" decoding="async" fetchPriority="high" class="ui__StyledImg-sc-9b9ac9c0-0 llRGgU styled__ImageStyled-sc-2c2295e1-2 kAqQFG"/></div><div data-testid="news-content" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__WrapperContentStyled-sc-2c2295e1-0 ercVhJ eOJpUd"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__HeaderStyled-sc-2c2295e1-3 fScRFm bsTAPu"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 fzdQzq"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 cNWsPK"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 bRccPD"><h1 class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 biNsvt">Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader</h1><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 ldkrga"></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 jYXfit">Published on July 29, 2025</div><div style="height:48px"></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 bWsukS"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 cXOiip"></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 PublicationText__Wrapper-sc-272ab012-0 bSDPrX dSKAKJ"><div class="HtmlContentWrapperWithStyle-sc-d185182e-0 ckSTdk"><p dir="ltr"><em>Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has been pivotal in shaping how I understand failures in complex systems and Resilience Engineering, and how I incorporate this into my overall approach as an engineering leader. (Also, the spelling is New Zealand English.)</em> </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">So you’re an Engineering Manager or a Director, or perhaps a Staff Engineer. You’ve discovered the world of Resilience Engineering and had some pretty significant "a ha" moments. Now you want to bring Resilience Engineering into your organisation, and set the world to rights. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">I’ve been exactly where you are right now, and I’m going to suggest you hold your horses, and let me share my insights and recommendations from my experience as an Engineering Leader working to make Resilience Engineering a reality. There’s pitfalls on this journey that I can help you avoid.</p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">As an SRE (or adjacent) leader, you will find yourself in a challenging position when it comes to Resilience Engineering. You’re the layer in the middle. You're stuck between the practitioners, who are passionate but may not have good insight into the realities and challenges of leaders, and the executive layers, who have different goals and concerns and don’t have the motivation to deviate from things they think are working. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">Most people working in tech and IT, no matter the type of company or organisation, will be familiar with various practices around incidents. A lot of these are summed up in regular incident reporting. Often produced monthly or existing in a dashboard, this reporting includes data and metrics such as MTTR, incident counts by severity and root cause type, and compliance with completing post incident review (PIR) action items. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">These are often non-negotiable—the default standards and expectations that have permeated deeply and widely throughout our industry. In many cases, Boards and Executives expect to see these reports as indicators of risk and operational effectiveness, to ensure they fulfill their corporate governance obligations. Engineering Leaders and Managers simultaneously use them as a purported lens to measure team and engineering system performance. Producing a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a deeply embedded expectation of both leadership and customers following a high severity incident, as is tracking completion of PIR action items. You can’t explore a monitoring or incident response tool without being sold the ability to drive down your MTTR. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">However, these are all things that those of us in the Resilience in Software community know and accept to be not just misleading and outdated, but also counterproductive and potentially harmful to the actual improvement of safety in an organisation.</p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">That leaves those of us in Resilience Engineering with quite the dilemma. Do we speak out against these deeply embedded practices and expectations and seek to explicitly educate our colleagues and leaders, or is it all a necessary evil in making space for resilience work? </p>
|
||
<h2 dir="ltr">The Paradox</h2>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">The fact is, we are faced with a paradox. A contradiction that reveals deeper truths and a reality that is difficult to reconcile. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">For an engineering leader to build trust and credibility—to be perceived as competent—they need to meet or exceed the expectations of leaders and executives by carrying out these default standards and practices. You believe this to be contrary to your goals, however my experience tells me you should do these things anyway in pursuit of bigger picture resilience and adaptive capacity. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">Before you get upset and stop reading, hear me out. I’ve been the leadership layer in the middle, sandwiched between the practitioners who really understand Resilience Engineering and see the need for it every day, and the executives with different concerns, goals and motivations. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">My goal when it comes to Resilience Engineering is to legitimise the work, the practices and the concepts. I want to make space for engineers to conduct incident analysis to better understand our systems and the conditions that enable incidents to occur. I also want to build understanding and acknowledgement of complexity and Resilience Engineering in leadership to enable better awareness and decision making. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">Very specifically, my goals no longer include the death of root cause analysis, incident metrics, MTTR and PIR action tracking. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">Telling executive leadership that incident counts, MTTR, and root cause analysis are wrong/incorrect/misleading gets you nowhere. I can confidently say that when an executive leader wants to be talking about quality of service for your customers, the last thing they want to hear about is academic papers and Monte Carlo simulations. This narrative is harming our ability to do resilience work, and undermines the credibility of our ideas, our practices and our movement. It is very difficult to educate people against their will, especially if their view of competence on a subject is different to your own. We must make Resilience Engineering appealing and useful to executives if we are to get their support and buy in.</p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">Board and Executive pressure around incidents and the need to present something that is viewed as tangible and sound should never be underestimated. Once you are in the pressure cooker of “too many incidents” or “poor reliability,” incident data and reports can give leaders the tools to <strong>feel</strong> in control but also demonstrate that they are in control. Many of the traditional incident practices and metrics help leaders communicate that they are controlling things, and also creates opportunities for them to exert control on what people do—even when they don't have control over the actual system or system outcomes. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">The closer you are to the sharp end—the point where the most direct and often challenging work of a particular activity takes place—the more apparent it is that uncertainty exists. Many of the above-mentioned default standards and expectations around incidents are designed to help manage and control uncertainty. However, Resilience Engineering is essentially about embracing uncertainty as an unavoidable reality of complex systems. As a result we tend to want everyone to accept uncertainty as unavoidable. In the Boardroom, far removed from the sharp end, the perspective is very different. Uncertainty is something that should be managed and reduced. It can become a risk with acceptable probability, but it can't be unmanaged. From this different perspective, the system and its outcomes must be controlled, or have the illusion of being controlled, even if we know this to be at odds with the system’s reality. </p>
|
||
<h2 dir="ltr">My Recommendations</h2>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">You need to play the game that others think they are playing. As an engineering leader, you only have so much social capital and so many cards to play in what you can change and influence. You want these cards to be used for your agenda, and you want to make meaningful progress. This might be influencing for additional headcount or prioritising a particular piece of system improvement work. I don’t think those limited cards should be used for debating concepts like MTTR and incident counts. </p>
|
||
<h3 dir="ltr">Give Them What They’re Asking For</h3>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">If leaders and executives are asking, then continue to produce that incident data and show those PIR actions. If you’re not doing it then someone else will, and it’s much better to be in control of the data and the narrative. Position yourself and your SRE leaders as credible, in control and taking action, even if it’s not by your definition. If your leaders aren’t currently asking for typical incident reports and metrics, I strongly suggest you have the data on hand to be in a position to provide it should you be asked. You need your perceived competence and resilience work to ride the wave of leadership change and organisational evolution. Even if you succeed with one set of leaders in building their understanding that these are not the metrics or approaches they need, leaders come and go. If you are perceived as too far from industry norms you will have a hard time establishing trust and credibility with a new set of leaders who haven't been on the same journey. </p>
|
||
<h3 dir="ltr">Proceed with Caution When Educating and Influencing</h3>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">Rather than seeking to educate directly in a way that can be perceived as contrary, model the Resilience Engineering concepts, language and practices you want to see others adopt. Once your stakeholders become familiar with the concepts through a more implicit approach, you’ll find them more receptive to being introduced to new ways of understanding reliability and resilience, and different types of recommendations from their teams as a result. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">Educating and influencing leadership on Resilience Engineering is not without risks, so I recommend that you proceed with caution. This approach assumes leaders have the willingness to learn and the conceptual grounding to make informed decisions. In reality, this is rarely the case. When it comes to incidents, leaders tend to believe they know how things should be done and are resistant to alternative approaches and perspectives. Even if you do manage to succeed in educating leadership, the outcome is uncertain. At best they gain only a surface-level grasp of new concepts, at worst they misinterpret and misapply what they’ve learned, causing further harm. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">A more effective strategy is to empower people closer to the work—those who have done the analysis and understand the tradeoffs—to provide recommendations for executive action. These recommendations should narrow the range of options and enable leadership to make decisions confidently. These recommendations are more likely to be accepted if they are backed by the credibility and trust gained through giving leaders what they’re asking for. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">Anecdotally, attempting to influence leadership towards more of our Resilience Engineering methods and practices has a notable rate of burnout for SRE leaders and senior individual contributors. I suspect the phenomenon we are currently experiencing in this regard is part of some broader industry cycle due to factors outside of our control. Either way, we need our perceived competence and resilience work to ride out the wave of this industry cycle, just as we need to ride out the wave of leadership change and organisational evolution. And we need to be able to do that with our mental and emotional wellbeing intact. </p>
|
||
<h3 dir="ltr">Acknowledge and Negotiate the Paradox</h3>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">So what does this look like in practice? Think of it like putting spinach in a kid’s smoothie—give them what they think they want, and include the good, healthy stuff they also need in the process. If someone states human error as a cause for an incident, you can mention that this tends to be an indicator of underlying systemic challenges worth taking a closer look at. If you can, offer to provide SRE resources to conduct a more useful PIR. If leaders are getting caught up on incident counts and MTTR, you can use SLOs to provide a more meaningful representation of the quality of the customer experience, while providing context in the form of themes and patterns relevant to your audience. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">It’s here in these conversations, with the background of outputs and metrics you’re not enthusiastic about, that you’re best placed to use those valuable cards to make recommendations based on insights from incident learning and resilience work. Whether it be highlighting systematic challenges and areas of underinvestment or making recommendations to support better prioritisation and improving the engineered system.</p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">In all of this, you are constantly negotiating the paradox we face in Resilience Engineering. <strong>These opposing perspectives and methods will always coexist</strong>. One might be more dominant than the other at certain points in time, but there will always be that push and pull. You need to be ready for it. By building the perception of competence and playing along with short term optics, you can pursue the bigger picture of Resilience Engineering. </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">I still hope that one day we will build broad industry recognition for Resilience Engineering concepts and practices, while outdated methods and metrics fade off into the sunset. Until that day comes, we play the game while working to change the rules.</p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr"> </p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr"><strong><img src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-f2da257ec14444fcf96f6afd948b4971.webp" alt="" width="148" height="111"></strong></p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr"><strong>Michelle Casey</strong></p>
|
||
<p dir="ltr">SRE/Engineering Leader </p>
|
||
<p> </p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 nSVk"><div class="Grid__GridStyled-sc-c7f19ef3-0 CbzOM"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Row__RowStyled-sc-a5c2e20d-0 jSILAH ylcnO"><div tabindex="-1" class="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0 dagzBg"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1 kxQFCu jHhhMk"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 goizoB">Other news</div></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Row__RowStyled-sc-a5c2e20d-0 jNYxIR hEDgQU"><div tabindex="-1" class="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0 dagzBg"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1 kxQFCu jHhhMk"><a data-testid="default-link-element" href="/news/1157532"><div tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Card-sc-2ed53ea2-0 styled__RelatedCardStyled-sc-2c2295e1-11 dQNeud jgrSBy jkJbIz"><div data-testid="news-cover-wrapper" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedImgWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-7 hZbbrS cycDCt"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6 ehDvKl hNXqLZ"></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedContentWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-4 hrksWC jCJtHJ"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5 bZeHqR jbrAqA"><div data-testid="link-to-news" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 eSvYQq"><h3 class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8 hVyqKD bdXqxJ"><div class="ClampedLinkWorkaround-sc-7be7fc1a-0 jYtrQc">MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You</div></h3></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedDateStyled-sc-2c2295e1-9 jwSNmt">February 27, 2025</div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedDescription-sc-2c2295e1-10 eSvYQq hfHojJ"><div>Ed note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touting the benefits of MTTR so I thought it was time to dust off these data that show how unreliable and unhelpful MTTR is to software organizations.Software organizations tend to value measurement, iteration, and improvement based on data. The</div></div></div></div></div></a></div></div><div tabindex="-1" class="Col__ColStyled-sc-df0bb68b-0 ckeRsZ"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Col__ColInnerStyled-sc-df0bb68b-1 kxQFCu jHhhMk"><a data-testid="default-link-element" href="/news/11454232"><div tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 Card-sc-2ed53ea2-0 styled__RelatedCardStyled-sc-2c2295e1-11 dQNeud jgrSBy jkJbIz"><div data-testid="news-cover-wrapper" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedImgWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-7 hZbbrS cycDCt"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedImgStyled-sc-2c2295e1-6 ehDvKl bUWHxy"></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedContentWrapper-sc-2c2295e1-4 hrksWC jCJtHJ"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedAnimatedContentBox-sc-2c2295e1-5 bZeHqR jbrAqA"><div data-testid="link-to-news" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 eSvYQq"><h3 class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedLinkStyled-sc-2c2295e1-8 hVyqKD bdXqxJ"><div class="ClampedLinkWorkaround-sc-7be7fc1a-0 jYtrQc">Decompensation and Cascading Failures</div></h3></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedDateStyled-sc-2c2295e1-9 jwSNmt">January 22, 2026</div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 styled__RelatedDescription-sc-2c2295e1-10 eSvYQq hfHojJ"><div>Consider the following scenario: A set of automated tasks has somehow failed to run to completion. Because a thorough fix will take some time and the tasks you need run are time-sensitive, you complete the work manually to keep things moving forward. If this sounds familiar, then you may have helped provide compensation for that system. Compensation is a very interesting mechanism in software syst</div></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><!--$--><!--/$--></div><footer data-testid="public-footer" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 gSMlAf"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 fzHJGr"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 PublicFooter__FooterGrid-sc-53239817-0 gVbWAc cfIpyX"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 jEIODi"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 bSDPrX"><img alt="" src="https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-3f248e83a4a0d6bf5f88b14a073f1c2f.webp" class="PublicFooter__StyledImage-sc-53239817-1 hxTiJU"/></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 kYiAMs"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 hluIfI"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0 khFeJe dGhvCS">Contact</div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0 gdnuBL dGhvCS"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="5831363e37182a3d2b3134313d363b3d31362b373e2c2f392a3d76372a3f">[email protected]</a></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 kYiAMs"></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 gmCshB"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 jrnWJj"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0 iRGxs dGhvCS">Cookies</div><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 createStyledFakeLink__StyledFakeLink-sc-bae562c9-0 xGrDF gLXmbg ResetCookies__FakeLinkStyled-sc-99c0c969-0 eemYpp">Withdraw cookie consent</div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 jBeuqC"><div data-testid="footer-social-links" class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 eSjgri"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 fKvwcs"><a title="RISF" data-testid="default-link-element" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/resilience-in-software-foundation" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><svg data-prefix="fab" data-icon="linkedin" class="svg-inline--fa fa-linkedin ui__StyledFaIcon-sc-c7b1475b-0 ghQxMU" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" aria-hidden="true" style="--fa-animation-delay:0;--fa-animation-duration:2s;--fa-animation-iteration-count:infinite;--fa-width:auto;height:24px" color="publicFooterColor"><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 32L31.9 32C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3L0 447.7C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480L416 480c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3l0-383.4C448 46.5 433.6 32 416 32zM135.4 416l-66.4 0 0-213.8 66.5 0 0 213.8-.1 0zM102.2 96a38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0 77 38.5 38.5 0 1 1 0-77zM384.3 416l-66.4 0 0-104c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9l0 105.8-66.4 0 0-213.8 63.7 0 0 29.2 .9 0c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9l0 117.2z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 etVpkk"><div class="Box-sc-3e41dc6a-0 StyledBox-sc-c4ba1a96-0 HivebriteDisclaimer__StyledLink-sc-555f750b-0 gTVMTY dGhvCS cszkxb"><a href="https://hivebrite.io/">Community engagement platform</a> by Hivebrite.</div></div></div></div></footer><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0x3xkgg58au6y.js" id="_R_" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:\"$Sreact.fragment\"\n3:I[339756,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"default\"]\n4:I[837457,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"default\"]\n6:I[897367,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"OutletBoundary\"]\n7:\"$Sreact.suspense\"\na:I[897367,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ViewportBoundary\"]\nc:I[897367,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"MetadataBoundary\"]\ne:I[228154,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0_yn_tfn0gu0m.js\"],\"default\"]\n13:I[479520,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"\"]\n14:I[597724,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"EnvVariablesProvider\"]\n15:I[559076,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"FeatureFlagsProvider\"]\n16:I[112525,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"QueryClientProvider\"]\n17:I[54556,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-q"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"z96jh.js\"],\"ClientSdkProvider\"]\n18:I[675915,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"StyledComponentsRegistry\"]\n19:I[622627,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"TranslationsProvider\"]\n1b:I[505911,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ThemeProvider\"]\n23:I[668278,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"StagingLoggerHelper\"]\n24:I[663941,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"SkipToContent\"]\n25:I[182235,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2j5e0t58khzrz.js\"],\"Box\"]\n26:I[663941,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"PO_MAIN_CONTENT_ID\"]\n27:I[276502,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3no77d5_iriq9.js\"],\"default\"]\n29:I[32887,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ToastsContainer\"]\n2a:I[743204,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2j5e0t58khzrz.js\"],\"SimpleCard\"]\n2b:I[279843,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chu"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"nks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ClientFooter\"]\n2c:I[96706,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"HeaderWrapper\"]\n2d:I[340712,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"MenuWrapper\"]\n2e:I[289875,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"Navigation\"]\n31:I[659481,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"MenuWrapper\"]\n32:I[274397,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"Navigation\"]\n34:I[681113,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"CookieBanner\"]\n35:I[659481,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"StyledLink\"]\n36:I[96706,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"StyledSpan\"]\n37:I[603928,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"ButtonInLink\"]\n38:I[527366,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"LanguagePicker\"]\n:HL[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/322hzq53y-ate.css\",\"style\"]\n:HL[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0wx0vdnm7hdmy.css\",\"style\"]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"font\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\"}]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"style\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"media\":\"screen\"}]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"font\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\"}]\n:HL[\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"style\",{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"media\":\"screen\"}]\n:HL[\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\",\"image\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"0:{\"P\":null,\"c\":[\"\",\"news\",\"1288714\"],\"q\":\"\",\"i\":false,\"f\":[[[\"\",{\"children\":[\"news\",{\"children\":[[\"id\",\"1288714\",\"d\",null],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]}]}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",16],[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/322hzq53y-ate.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"1\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0wx0vdnm7hdmy.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-1\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-2\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-3\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-4\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-5\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]],\"$L2\"]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}]]}],{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$1\",\"c\",{\"children\":[\"$L5\",[[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0riv-c36uxb26.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-1\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2nz2yvxj21ukn.js\",\"async\":true,\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]],[\"$\",\"$L6\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$7\",null,{\"name\":\"Next.MetadataOutlet\",\"children\":\"$@8\"}]}]]}],{},null,false,null]},null,false,\"$@9\"]},null,false,\"$@9\"]},null,false,null],[\"$\",\"$1\",\"h\",{\"children\":[null,[\"$\",\"$La\",null,{\"children\":\"$Lb\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"hidden\":true,\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lc\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$7\",null,{\"name\":\"Next.Metadata\",\"children\":\"$Ld\"}]}]}],null]}],false]],\"m\":\"$undefined\",\"G\":[\"$e\",[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/322hzq53y-ate.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"1\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0wx0vdnm7hdmy.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\",\"nonce\":\"$undefined\"}]]],\"S\":false,\"h\":null,\"s\":\"$undefined\",\"l\":\"$undefined\",\"p\":\"$undefined\",\"d\":\"$undefined\",\"b\":\"mXfojYpjutBvZIluylea3\"}\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"f:[]\n9:\"$Wf\"\nb:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}]]\n2:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"suppressHydrationWarning\":true,\"children\":[[\"$\",\"head\",null,{\"children\":\"$L10\"}],null,[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"style\":{\"background\":\"#FBF9F9\"},\"children\":\"$L11\"}],\"$L12\",[\"$\",\"$L13\",null,{\"id\":\"RedirectIEToEdge\",\"children\":\"\\n if (/MSIE \\\\d|Trident.*rv:/u.test(navigator.userAgent)) {\\n window.location = 'microsoft-edge:' + window.location;\\n }\\n \"}]]}]\n10:[[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"as\":\"font\",\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"rel\":\"preload\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Inter:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"media\":\"screen\",\"rel\":\"stylesheet\"}],[[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"as\":\"font\",\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"rel\":\"preload\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",null,{\"crossOrigin\":\"anonymous\",\"href\":\"https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Open Sans:400,700\u0026display=fallback\",\"media\":\"screen\",\"rel\":\"stylesheet\"}]],[\"$\",\"style\",null,{\"children\":\"\\n :root {\\n --font-family: Open Sans;\\n }\\n\\n body, button, input, textarea { font-family: var(--font-family), Inter, Nunito, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif !important; }\\n \"}]]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"11:[\"$\",\"$L14\",null,{\"value\":{\"REMOVE_NEXT_CACHE\":\"false\",\"CLUSTER\":\"usprod\",\"ENV\":\"prod\",\"NODE_ENV\":\"production\",\"VERSION\":\"2.9.0\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L15\",null,{\"value\":{\"flags\":{\"flagsLoaded\":true,\"flag-activate-front-monitoring-datadog\":true,\"flag-ue-new-outdated-browser-detection\":false,\"flag-uj-ai-content-recommendation-right-side\":true,\"flag-ujb-group-header-redesign\":true,\"flag-cl-news-sort-by-popularity\":false}},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L16\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L17\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L18\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"locale\":\"en\",\"resources\":{\"en\":{\"design-system\":{\"accessibility\":{\"cleanInput\":\"Clean this input value\",\"cleanInputNamed\":\"Clear {{field}}\",\"closeSubNav\":\"Close sub-navigation of {{title}}\",\"displayNextResults\":\"Display next results\",\"displayPreviousResults\":\"Display previous results\",\"expandSubNav\":\"Expand sub-navigation of {{title}}\",\"filterByCategory\":\"Filter by category\",\"nextPage\":\"Next page\",\"page\":\"Page {{page}}\",\"previousPage\":\"Previous page\",\"selectLanguage\":\"Select a language\",\"uploadImage\":\"Upload your image\"},\"action\":{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"close\":\"Close\",\"edit\":\"Edit\",\"link\":\"Link\",\"moreActions\":\"More actions\",\"ok\":\"OK\",\"remove\":\"Remove\",\"save\":\"Save\",\"viewDetails\":\"View details\"},\"combobox\":{\"clearAll\":\"Clear all\",\"clearSelection\":\"Clear selection\",\"create\":\"Create \\\"{{value}}\\\"\",\"loading\":\"Loading…\",\"lockedItem\":\"locked\",\"noOptions\":\"No options available\",\"noResults\":\"No results found\",\"removeItem\":\"Remove {{label}}\",\"searchUnavailable\":\"Search unavailable. Please try again.\",\"toggleSuggestions\":\"Toggle suggestions\",\"typeToSearch\":\"Type to search\"},\"common\":{\"and\":\"and\",\"loading\":\"Loading…\"},\"contentList\":{\"belongsTo\":\"Belongs to:\",\"documentCount_few\":\"{{count}} documents\",\"documentCount_many\":\"{{count}} documents\",\"documentCount_one\":\"One document\",\"documentCount_other\":\"{{count}} documents\",\"goToUser\":\"Go to user {{name}}\",\"imageCount_few\":\"{{count}} images\",\"imageCount_many\":\"{{count}} images\",\"imageCount_one\":\"One image\",\"imageCount_other\":\"{{count}} images\",\"items\":\"items\",\"leftACommentOn\":\"left a comment on\",\"typeOfContent\":\"Type of content:\",\"videoCount_few\":\"{{count}} videos\",\"videoCount_many\":\"{{count}} videos\",\"videoCount_one\":\"One video\",\"videoCount_other\":\"{{count}} videos\"},\"contentType\":{\"comment\":\"Comment\",\"event\":\"Event\",\"file\":\"File\",\"folder\":\"Folder\",\"forum\":\"Forum\",\"group\":\"Group\",\"news\":\"News\",\"opportunity\":\"Opportunity\",\"organization\":\"Organization\",\"page\":\"Page\",\"post\":\"Post\",\"project\":\"Project\"},\"cookieBanner\":{\"acceptAll\":\"Accept all\",\"acceptRequired\":\"Accept required\",\"acceptSelected\":\"Accept selected\",\"closeModalAriaLabel\":\"Close customize privacy settings window\",\"customizeDescription\":\"We use cookies to improve your experience on the platform. You can customize which categories of cookies you wish to accept. Open a category to see which cookies are included and what they are used for.\",\"customizePrivacySettings\":\"Customize privacy settings\",\"functionalCookies\":\"Functional cookies\",\"functionalCookiesDescription\":\"Cookies that enable functionality on the platform. Deactivating these may result in some features not being available to you.\",\"managePreferences\":\"Manage preferences\",\"requiredCookies\":\"Required cookies (always active)\",\"requiredCookiesDescription\":\"Cookies that are essential for critical functionality to work on the platform.\",\"trackingCookies\":\"Tracking cookies\",\"trackingCookiesDescription\":\"Cookies used to gather analytics on user behaviour on the platform in order to make improvements to the user experience.\",\"websiteUsesCookies\":\"Our website uses cookies\"},\"cookieList\":{\"adminSession\":\"Allows the admin session to remain active, without asking you to connect again\",\"analytics\":\"For gathering analytics on platform usage\",\"analyticsModuleDescription\":\"Data visualization tool used in the Analytics module. Cookies allow the admin session to remain active \u0026 secured for navigating through the module\",\"datadog\":\"Used to monitor application health\",\"differentiateUsers\":\"To differentiate between connected and non-connected users\",\"distinguishUsers\":\"Used to distinguish users\",\"facebookPurpose\":\"Displaying Facebook feeds/posts in the Live Feed of the platform\",\"hydraSession\":\"Used to securely log you in and maintain your session.\",\"identifyUser\":\"To identify the user\",\"jimoDescription\":\"Knowledge and Communications tool used to present Hivebrite features, updates and events. Cookies allow the modals, resource menus, tooltips and other content to be displayed per admin.\",\"keepSession\":\"To keep the session open\",\"launchDarkly\":\"Used to control the release of new features\",\"linkedinSignin\":\"For signing in with your LinkedIn account\",\"onlinePayments\":\"For making online payments\",\"outdatedBrowser\":\"To record when outdated browser notification is closed\",\"outdatedBrowserBo\":\"To record when notification of outdated browser is closed\",\"planhatNps\":\"Displaying Net Promoter Score surveys to gather your feedback\",\"recordConsent\":\"To record which cookies the user gives consent for\",\"recordPreferences\":\"To record user preferences such as language\",\"throttleRequests\":\"Used to throttle request rate\",\"twitterPurpose\":\"Displaying Twitter feeds/posts in the Live Feed of the platform\",\"userSearch\":\"Used for the user search in the BO and when you assign user to a role\"},\"cookieSettings\":{\"cookies\":\"Cookies\",\"withdrawConsent\":\"Withdraw cookie consent\"},\"cropAndZoom\":{\"frameSize\":\"Frame size\",\"redo\":\"Redo\",\"revertToOriginal\":\"Revert to Original\",\"title\":\"Crop and zoom\",\"undo\":\"Undo\"},\"datePicker\":{\"clearDate\":\"Clear date\",\"clearDateRange\":\"Clear date range\",\"end\":\"End\",\"endTime\":\"End time\",\"enterDateFormat\":\"Enter the date with your keyboard in the following format: {{format}}\",\"nextMonth\":\"Next month\",\"openCalendar\":\"Open calendar\",\"previousMonth\":\"Previous month\",\"start\":\"Start\",\"startTime\":\"Start time\",\"time\":\"Time\"},\"dropdown\":{\"openLabel\":\"Open dropdown\"},\"embed\":{\"allowOnce\":\"Allow once\",\"alwaysFor\":\"Always for {{providerName}}\",\"cookiesPrivacyPolicy\":\"This media may use cookies and has its own privacy policy. You always can change your choice in privacy settings of your account.\",\"removePreview\":\"Remove embed preview of {{title}}.\",\"showThirdPartyMedia\":\"Show third-party media?\",\"startVideoPreview\":\"Start the video preview\"},\"emojiPicker\":{\"browseAll\":\"Browse all emojis\",\"categories\":\"Emoji categories\",\"frequentlyUsed\":\"Frequently Used\",\"noEmojiFound\":\"Oops! No emoji found\",\"noResults\":\"Try different keywords or browse categories instead\",\"pickEmoji\":\"Pick your emoji above\",\"searchEmojis\":\"Search emojis\",\"searchResults\":\"Search results\",\"skinTone\":\"Skin tone\",\"title\":\"Emoji picker\"},\"emptyContent\":{\"comeBackLater\":\"It shouldn't be long, come back later!\",\"nothingToSee\":\"Nothing to see for the moment\"},\"event\":{\"attendeesLabel\":\"Attendees:\",\"cancelled\":\"Cancelled\",\"online\":\"Online event\"},\"fileInput\":{\"remove\":\"Remove {{label}}\"},\"filters\":{\"clearAll\":\"Clear all filters\",\"more\":\"More filters\",\"moreCount\":\"More filters - {{count}}\",\"sortBy\":\"Sort by:\",\"title\":\"Filters\"},\"gifPicker\":{\"error\":\"Couldn't load GIFs\",\"noResults\":\"No GIFs found\",\"poweredByKlipy\":\"Powered by KLIPY\",\"search\":\"Search GIFs\",\"title\":\"GIF picker\"},\"groupHeader\":{\"logoAlt\":\"Logo of {{groupName}}\",\"manageGroup\":\"Manage group\",\"memberCount_few\":\"{{count}} members\",\"memberCount_many\":\"{{count}} members\",\"memberCount_one\":\"{{count}} member\",\"memberCount_other\":\"{{count}} members\",\"search\":\"Search\"},\"horizontalScrollMenu\":{\"submenu\":\"{{label}} submenu\"},\"image\":{\"changeImage\":\"Change image\",\"chooseImage\":\"Choose an image\",\"imagePosition\":\"Image {{current}} of {{total}}\",\"nextImage\":\"Next image\",\"preview\":\"Image preview\",\"previousImage\":\"Previous image\",\"removeImage\":\"Remove image\"},\"orderSummary\":{\"afterFreeTrial\":\"after the end of your free trial.\",\"afterFreeTrials\":\"after the end of your free trials.\",\"cartEmpty\":\"Your cart is empty\",\"freeTrial_few\":\"{{count}} days\",\"freeTrial_many\":\"{{count}} days\",\"freeTrial_one\":\"{{count}} day\",\"freeTrial_other\":\"{{count}} days\",\"installmentCount_few\":\"({{count}} installments)\",\"installmentCount_many\":\"({{count}} installments)\",\"installmentCount_one\":\"({{count}} installment)\",\"installmentCount_other\":\"({{count}} installments)\",\"now\":\"now\",\"paymentPeriod\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}}\",\"paymentPeriodAnd\":\"And {{recurringPaymentsString}}\",\"paymentPeriodThen\":\"Then {{recurringPaymentsString}}\",\"recurringInstallments_few\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}} for {{count}} installments\",\"recurringInstallments_many\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}} for {{count}} installments\",\"recurringInstallments_one\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}} for {{count}} installment\",\"recurringInstallments_other\":\"{{paymentAmount}} every {{period}} for {{count}} installments\",\"recurringTotalThen\":\"Then {{recurringPaymentsString}} for a total of {{totalAmount}}.\",\"then\":\"Then {{value}}{{periodicitySuffix}}\",\"title\":\"Order summary\",\"total\":\"Total\"},\"pageHeader\":{\"addTranslation\":\"Add translation\"},\"pagination\":{\"loadMore\":\"Load More\",\"nextPage\":\"Next page\",\"previousPage\":\"Previous page\"},\"passwordInput\":{\"makeNotReadable\":\"Make password not readable\",\"makeReadable\":\"Make password readable\"},\"pricing\":{\"free\":\"Free\"},\"publicFooter\":{\"contactTitle\":\"Contact\",\"hivebriteDisclaimer\":\"\u003ca href=\\\"https://hivebrite.io/\\\"\u003eCommunity engagement platform\u003c/a\u003e by Hivebrite.\",\"linksTitle\":\"Links\"},\"reactSelect\":{\"openMenu\":\"Open dropdown menu\",\"removeAll\":\"Remove all values from the dropdown\",\"removeValue\":\"Remove value {{valueLabel}}\",\"search\":\"Search suggestions\"},\"search\":{\"clearFiltersHint\":\"Clear your filters or try again with different search criteria\",\"clearSearch\":\"Clear search\",\"label\":\"Search\",\"matchCount_few\":\"{{count}} matches found\",\"matchCount_many\":\"{{count}} matches found\",\"matchCount_one\":\"{{count}} match found\",\"matchCount_other\":\"{{count}} matches found\",\"noMatches\":\"No matches found\",\"noResult\":\"No result found\",\"results\":\"Results\",\"tryAnother\":\"Try searching another keyword\"},\"select\":{\"noOptions\":\"No options\",\"placeholder\":\"Select an item\"},\"sidePanel\":{\"closed\":\"Side panel closed\",\"content\":\"Side panel content\",\"opened\":\"Side panel opened\"},\"socialLinks\":{\"title\":\"{{title}} on {{social_network}}\"},\"starRating\":{\"label\":\"Rating\",\"starLabel\":\"{{value}} of {{max}} stars\"},\"tags\":{\"all\":\"All\",\"scrollLeft\":\"Scroll filters left\",\"scrollRight\":\"Scroll filters right\",\"seeAll\":\"See all\",\"seeLess\":\"See less\"},\"tooltip\":{\"information\":\"Informations tooltip\"},\"upload\":{\"dragAndDrop\":\"Drag and drop your files\",\"dropFilesHere\":\"Drop your files here!\",\"dropImageHere\":\"Drop your image here\",\"noPermission\":\"You do not have the permission to edit this file.\",\"uploadFile\":\"Upload file\",\"uploadFiles\":\"Upload files\"},\"userCard\":{\"followedBy\":\"Followed by {{name}}\",\"followedByOthers\":\"Followed by {{name}} and {{count}} others\",\"userActions\":\"User actions\"}},\"recommendations\":{\"sidebar\":{\"title\":\"You may also be interested in\"}},\"news\":{\"common\":{\"seeLess\":\"Read less\",\"seeMore\":\"See all\"},\"date\":{\"formats\":{\"alt_format\":\"m/d/Y\",\"date_picker\":\"MM/DD/YYYY\"}},\"list\":{\"card\":{\"a11y\":{\"click\":\"Click to see the news {{ subject }}\"}},\"dateRangeInput\":{\"from\":\"From\",\"to\":\"To\"},\"filter\":{\"a11y\":{\"dateFrom\":\"Filter from published date\",\"dateTo\":\"Filter to published date\"},\"byCategory\":\"Filter by category\",\"dateRange\":\"Publication date (From - To)\",\"keyword\":\"Search by keyword\",\"keywordPlaceholder\":\"Type a name or keyword\"},\"highlighted\":\"Highlighted News\",\"related\":\"Other news\",\"sort\":{\"mostPopular\":\"Most popular\",\"newest\":\"Newest\",\"oldest\":\"Oldest\"}},\"show\":{\"continueReading\":\"Continue reading on website\",\"publishedOn\":\"Published on {{ date }}\",\"shareNews\":\"Share news\",\"shareOn\":\"Share on {{ platform }}\"},\"sidebar\":{\"ariaLabel\":\"Recommended content\"}},\"katana\":{\"a11y\":{\"languageSettings\":\"Select an available language\",\"mainNav\":\"Main navigation\",\"skipToContent\":\"Skip to content\",\"toggleNav\":\"Toggle main navigation\"},\"error\":{\"reloadPage\":\"Reload the page\",\"title\":\"Sorry, something went wrong. Our team has been notified.\",\"whatYouCanDo\":\"Here is what you can do:\"},\"locales\":{\"af\":\"Afrikaans\",\"automatic\":\"Automatically detected\",\"cy\":\"Welsh\",\"da\":\"Danish\",\"de\":\"German\",\"deepbloo\":\"Deepbloo language\",\"el\":\"Greek\",\"en\":\"English (US)\",\"en-GB\":\"English (GB)\",\"en_GB\":\"English (GB)\",\"es\":\"Spanish\",\"fi\":\"Finnish\",\"fr\":\"French\",\"he\":\"Hebrew\",\"hi\":\"Hindi\",\"hu\":\"Hungarian\",\"id\":\"Indonesian\",\"it\":\"Italian\",\"ja\":\"Japanese\",\"ko\":\"Korean\",\"lt\":\"Lithuanian\",\"nb\":\"Norwegian\",\"nl\":\"Dutch (Netherlands)\",\"nl-BE\":\"Dutch (Belgium)\",\"pl\":\"Polish\",\"pt\":\"Portuguese\",\"pt-BR\":\"Brazilian Portuguese\",\"ru\":\"Russian\",\"sv\":\"Swedish\",\"vi\":\"Vietnamese\",\"zh-Hans\":\"Simplified Chinese\",\"zh-Hant\":\"Traditional Chinese\"},\"nav\":{\"more\":\"More\"},\"notFound\":{\"subTagline\":\"Oops! We could not find the page you're looking for.\"},\"ui\":{\"language\":\"Language\"}}}},\"children\":\"$L1a\"}]}]}]}]}]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1a:[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"theming\":{\"po\":{\"po_footer_background_color\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"po_footer_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"po_header_mobile_background_color\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"po_header_social_icons_static_color\":\"#FAFAFA\",\"po_header_static_background_color\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"po_header_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"po_login_button_background_color\":\"#4733FF\",\"po_login_button_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"po_outline_navigation_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"po_header_social_icons_are_displayed\":null,\"po_header_menu_height\":65,\"po_header_is_sticky\":null,\"po_website_header_logo\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\",\"po_website_footer_logo\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-3f248e83a4a0d6bf5f88b14a073f1c2f.webp\"},\"fo\":{\"fo_background_color\":\"#FBF9F9\",\"fo_background_gradient\":{\"type\":\"linear\",\"angle\":180,\"color1\":\"#FBF9F9\",\"color2\":\"#DFEFFF\",\"inlineCSS\":\"linear-gradient(180deg, #FBF9F9 0%, #DFEFFF 100%)\",\"color1Percentage\":0,\"color2Percentage\":100},\"fo_background_type\":\"SOLID\",\"fo_group_menu_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_group_menu_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_header_scrolled_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_scrolled_color\":\"#2B2B2B\",\"fo_header_separator_display\":true,\"fo_header_static_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_links_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_main_navigation_change_on_scroll\":false,\"fo_menu_scrolled_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_scrolled_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_menu_static_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_static_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outboxed_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outline_navigation_scrolled_color\":\"#4733FF\",\"fo_outline_navigation_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_page_header_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_page_header_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_primary_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_website_header_logo\":\"https://d2y9yy6rey1imf.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-6e9c736ad228cd8ee615e7b71ceb9f43.webp?Expires=1789200658\u0026Signature=rJ523BPFr-bGhrpOjdwlAj-U9Wk6U9uIhiXc1vAKEPvnEw1dulCJPquAkUo-bhtr9fynQ1UaErUgqUuNm48-Tbbdhw6qd7MpndTi-H6nIRzuSTFKMiwXfX61TZtREEF2OdMKpSANX~py7QLMCU~iMgt92CPwtSbYtsm80dmryFB4nr50N5zxhwWSdIf8jKVPw7MhFCNLqWOFbBWZFYC1CDuSkJl~glxUjhyXT~Pwt4XE5Mg-2wj1CaUNM-ICHSZi6n4I4qX7DDZBaD~efUdqVhRcRZQqeecOMh3Seq81~aGVgQ-FHu8A5QflmfoCCOkWPY48vlcV4kR5RKs6Mk-dFQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=K2AI4HSJ17E2E0\",\"fo_frame_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_frame_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_frame_border_radius\":10,\"fo_frame_drop_shadow\":\"rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1)\",\"fo_frame_elevation_style\":\"DROP_SHADOW\",\"fo_frame_border_color\":\"#EBEEF3\",\"fo_inputs_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_inputs_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_inputs_outline_color\":\"rgb(134, 141, 156)\",\"fo_secondary_button_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_secondary_button_background_color\":\"rgb(235, 238, 244)\",\"fo_button_border_radius\":5},\"global\":{\"google_font_family\":\"Open Sans\",\"custom_font_name\":null,\"custom_font_weight_400\":{\"id\":2067,\"name\":\"400\",\"font_id\":1431,\"created_at\":\"2024-11-13T14:43:43Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2024-11-13T14:43:43Z\"},\"custom_font_weight_700\":{\"id\":2068,\"name\":\"700\",\"font_id\":1431,\"created_at\":\"2024-11-13T14:43:43Z\",\"updated_at\":\"2024-11-13T14:43:43Z\"},\"custom_font_weight_400_woff\":null,\"custom_font_weight_400_ttf\":null,\"custom_font_weight_700_woff\":null,\"custom_font_weight_700_ttf\":null,\"font_type\":\"GOOGLE\",\"header_email\":\"#000\",\"avatar\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-1e239c6b053eb70cfa54be86de82c5b0.webp\",\"favicon\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/thumb-dcbe65ea73d887f3815774e7d4e588c6.webp\",\"mobile_header_logo\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-2137e115e78557599aea12136fd73242.webp\",\"is_unverified_font_selected\":false}},\"children\":[\"$L1c\",\"$L1d\",\"$L1e\",\"$L1f\",\"$L20\",\"$L21\",\"$L22\"]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1c:[\"$\",\"$L23\",null,{}]\n1d:[\"$\",\"$L24\",null,{}]\n1f:[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"display\":\"block\",\"id\":\"$26\",\"minHeight\":\"100vh\",\"pt\":{\"_\":\"92px\",\"l\":\"72px\"},\"role\":\"main\",\"tabIndex\":-1,\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"error\":\"$27\",\"errorStyles\":[],\"errorScripts\":[[\"$\",\"script\",\"script-0\",{\"src\":\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3no77d5_iriq9.js\",\"async\":true}]],\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L4\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":[\"$L28\",[]],\"forbidden\":\"$undefined\",\"unauthorized\":\"$undefined\"}]}]\n21:[\"$\",\"$L29\",null,{\"env\":\"PO\"}]\n28:[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"alignItems\":\"center\",\"height\":\"100%\",\"justifyContent\":\"center\",\"py\":\"120px\",\"width\":\"100%\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{\"cardProps\":{\"maxWidth\":\"820px\"},\"description\":\"Oops! We could not find the page you're looking for.\",\"icon\":{\"prefix\":\"fal\",\"iconName\":\"robot\",\"icon\":[576,512,[129302],\"f544\",\"M304-16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16s-16 7.2-16 16l0 80-112 0c-53 0-96 43-96 96l0 224c0 53 43 96 96 96l256 0c53 0 96-43 96-96l0-224c0-53-43-96-96-96l-112 0 0-80zM288 96l128 0c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64l0 224c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64l-256 0c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64l0-224c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64l128 0zM160 368c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l32 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16s-7.2-16-16-16l-32 0c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16zm96 0c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l32 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16s-7.2-16-16-16l-32 0c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16zm96 0c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l32 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16s-7.2-16-16-16l-32 0c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16zM240 240a32 32 0 1 1 -64 0 32 32 0 1 1 64 0zm-32-64a64 64 0 1 0 0 128 64 64 0 1 0 0-128zm160 96a32 32 0 1 1 0-64 32 32 0 1 1 0 64zm-64-32a64 64 0 1 0 128 0 64 64 0 1 0 -128 0zM32 208c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16S0 199.2 0 208L0 336c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16s16-7.2 16-16l0-128zm528-16c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 128c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16s16-7.2 16-16l0-128c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16z\"]},\"title\":\"404\"}]}]\n12:null\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"20:[\"$\",\"$L2b\",null,{\"footer\":{\"contactAdditional\":\"\",\"contactEmail\":\"\",\"contactName\":\"info@resilienceinsoftware.org\",\"contactPhone\":\"\",\"displayCookieLink\":true,\"displayHivebriteDisclaimer\":true,\"footerLogoUrl\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-3f248e83a4a0d6bf5f88b14a073f1c2f.webp\",\"officeLocations\":[],\"publicLinks\":[],\"socialLinks\":[{\"linkType\":\"linkedin\",\"title\":\"RISF\",\"url\":\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/resilience-in-software-foundation\"}]},\"theming\":{\"po\":\"$1a:props:theming:po\",\"fo\":{\"fo_background_color\":\"#FBF9F9\",\"fo_background_gradient\":\"$1a:props:theming:fo:fo_background_gradient\",\"fo_background_type\":\"SOLID\",\"fo_group_menu_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_group_menu_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_header_scrolled_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_scrolled_color\":\"#2B2B2B\",\"fo_header_separator_display\":true,\"fo_header_static_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_links_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_main_navigation_change_on_scroll\":false,\"fo_menu_scrolled_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_scrolled_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_menu_static_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_static_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outboxed_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outline_navigation_scrolled_color\":\"#4733FF\",\"fo_outline_navigation_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_page_header_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_page_header_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_primary_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_website_header_logo\":\"https://d2y9yy6rey1imf.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-6e9c736ad228cd8ee615e7b71ceb9f43.webp?Expires=1789200658\u0026Signature=rJ523BPFr-bGhrpOjdwlAj-U9Wk6U9uIhiXc1vAKEPvnEw1dulCJPquAkUo-bhtr9fynQ1UaErUgqUuNm48-Tbbdhw6qd7MpndTi-H6nIRzuSTFKMiwXfX61TZtREEF2OdMKpSANX~py7QLMCU~iMgt92CPwtSbYtsm80dmryFB4nr50N5zxhwWSdIf8jKVPw7MhFCNLqWOFbBWZFYC1CDuSkJl~glxUjhyXT~Pwt4XE5Mg-2wj1CaUNM-ICHSZi6n4I4qX7DDZBaD~efUdqVhRcRZQqeecOMh3Seq81~aGVgQ-FHu8A5QflmfoCCOkWPY48vlcV4kR5RKs6Mk-dFQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=K2AI4HSJ17E2E0\",\"fo_frame_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_frame_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_frame_border_radius\":10,\"fo_frame_drop_shadow\":\"rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1)\",\"fo_frame_elevation_style\":\"DROP_SHADOW\",\"fo_frame_border_color\":\"#EBEEF3\",\"fo_inputs_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_inputs_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_inputs_outline_color\":\"rgb(134, 141, 156)\",\"fo_secondary_button_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_secondary_button_background_color\":\"rgb(235, 238, 244)\",\"fo_button_border_radius\":5},\"global\":\"$1a:props:theming:global\"}}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1e:[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"theming\":{\"po\":\"$1a:props:theming:po\",\"fo\":{\"fo_background_color\":\"#FBF9F9\",\"fo_background_gradient\":\"$1a:props:theming:fo:fo_background_gradient\",\"fo_background_type\":\"SOLID\",\"fo_group_menu_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_group_menu_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_header_scrolled_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_scrolled_color\":\"#2B2B2B\",\"fo_header_separator_display\":true,\"fo_header_static_background_color\":\"#FFFFFF\",\"fo_header_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_links_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_main_navigation_change_on_scroll\":false,\"fo_menu_scrolled_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_scrolled_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_menu_static_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_menu_static_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outboxed_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_outline_navigation_scrolled_color\":\"#4733FF\",\"fo_outline_navigation_static_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_page_header_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_page_header_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_primary_color\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_secondary_navigation_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_website_header_logo\":\"https://d2y9yy6rey1imf.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-6e9c736ad228cd8ee615e7b71ceb9f43.webp?Expires=1789200658\u0026Signature=rJ523BPFr-bGhrpOjdwlAj-U9Wk6U9uIhiXc1vAKEPvnEw1dulCJPquAkUo-bhtr9fynQ1UaErUgqUuNm48-Tbbdhw6qd7MpndTi-H6nIRzuSTFKMiwXfX61TZtREEF2OdMKpSANX~py7QLMCU~iMgt92CPwtSbYtsm80dmryFB4nr50N5zxhwWSdIf8jKVPw7MhFCNLqWOFbBWZFYC1CDuSkJl~glxUjhyXT~Pwt4XE5Mg-2wj1CaUNM-ICHSZi6n4I4qX7DDZBaD~efUdqVhRcRZQqeecOMh3Seq81~aGVgQ-FHu8A5QflmfoCCOkWPY48vlcV4kR5RKs6Mk-dFQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=K2AI4HSJ17E2E0\",\"fo_frame_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_frame_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_frame_border_radius\":10,\"fo_frame_drop_shadow\":\"rgba(92, 100, 112, 0.1)\",\"fo_frame_elevation_style\":\"DROP_SHADOW\",\"fo_frame_border_color\":\"#EBEEF3\",\"fo_inputs_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_inputs_background_color\":\"rgb(255, 255, 255)\",\"fo_inputs_outline_color\":\"rgb(134, 141, 156)\",\"fo_secondary_button_font_brightness\":\"DARK\",\"fo_secondary_button_background_color\":\"rgb(235, 238, 244)\",\"fo_button_border_radius\":5},\"global\":\"$1a:props:theming:global\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2c\",null,{\"as\":\"header\",\"bg\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"display\":{\"_\":\"block\",\"l\":\"none\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2d\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L2e\",null,{\"menuBackgroundColor\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"menuOutlineColor\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"publicHeader\":{\"menu_items\":[{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":456289,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":null,\"feature_name\":\"memberships\",\"is_custom_page\":false,\"menu_name\":\"Become a Member\",\"url\":\"/memberships\"},\"submenus\":[]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":456290,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":null,\"feature_name\":\"donations\",\"is_custom_page\":false,\"menu_name\":\"Donate\",\"url\":\"/donations\"},\"submenus\":[]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":456281,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":null,\"feature_name\":\"events\",\"is_custom_page\":false,\"menu_name\":\"Events\",\"url\":\"/events\"},\"submenus\":[]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":456285,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":null,\"feature_name\":\"news\",\"is_custom_page\":false,\"menu_name\":\"Blog\",\"url\":\"/news\"},\"submenus\":[]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":false,\"id\":460069,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":\"about-us\",\"feature_name\":null,\"is_custom_page\":true,\"menu_name\":\"About Us\",\"url\":\"/page/about-us\"},\"submenus\":[{\"external\":true,\"id\":490850,\"open_in_new_tab\":false,\"slug\":\"bylaws-b75536db-22e5-4b6a-b22e-675fea4f21d0\",\"feature_name\":null,\"is_custom_page\":true,\"menu_name\":\"Bylaws\",\"url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/page/bylaws\"},{\"external\":true,\"id\":490852,\"open_in_new_tab\":false,\"slug\":\"policies-031501f3-093a-4833-a98e-9eb8e247fbc5\",\"feature_name\":null,\"is_custom_page\":true,\"menu_name\":\"Policies\",\"url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/page/policies\"}]},{\"menu\":{\"external\":true,\"id\":550669,\"open_in_new_tab\":true,\"slug\":\"store\",\"feature_name\":null,\"is_custom_page\":true,\"menu_name\":\"Store\",\"url\":\"https://www.bonfire.com/store/risf/\"},\"submenus\":[]}],\"available_locales\":[\"en\"],\"can_change_public_pages_locale\":false,\"network_logo\":{\"url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\",\"title\":\"Resilience in Software Foundation logo\"},\"network_root_url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/\",\"sign_in\":{\"open_in_new_tab\":false,\"url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/login\",\"text\":\"Log in\"},\"sign_up\":{\"can_sign_up\":true,\"url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/signup\",\"text\":\"Become a Member\"}}}],\"$L2f\"]}]}],\"$L30\"]}]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2f:[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/\",\"style\":{\"height\":\"48px\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"alt\":\"Resilience in Software Foundation logo\",\"height\":\"48px\",\"src\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\"}]}]\n30:[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"display\":{\"_\":\"none\",\"l\":\"block\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L31\",null,{\"role\":\"navigation\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"href\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/\",\"style\":{\"height\":\"48px\"},\"children\":[\"$\",\"img\",null,{\"alt\":\"Resilience in Software Foundation logo\",\"height\":\"48px\",\"src\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/networks/3057/large-9756ea0f246aecdf6d9adf1810fa0103.webp\"}]}],[\"$\",\"$L32\",null,{\"menuBackgroundColor\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"menuOutlineColor\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"publicHeader\":\"$1e:props:children:props:children:0:props:children:props:children:0:props:publicHeader\"}],\"$L33\"]}]}]\n22:[\"$\",\"$L34\",null,{\"env\":\"po\",\"initialConsent\":null,\"cookieConfig\":{\"cookie_agreement_learn_more\":\"\",\"cookie_agreement_learn_more_2\":\"\",\"cookie_agreement_link\":\"\",\"cookie_agreement_link_2\":\"\",\"cookie_agreement_text\":\"\"},\"networkConfiguration\":{\"facebook_is_enabled\":false,\"has_google_analytics_tracking\":true,\"has_payment_account\":true,\"linked_in_is_enabled\":false,\"payment_gateway\":\"Stripe\",\"twitter_is_enabled\":false,\"cookies_banner_v2_enabled\":true,\"display_cookie_agreement\":true},\"networkFeatures\":{\"amplitude\":{\"config\":{\"amplitude_enabled\":false}},\"cookies\":[]}}]\n33:[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"alignItems\":\"center\",\"ml\":\"10px\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$L35\",null,{\"href\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/login\",\"rel\":\"$undefined\",\"target\":\"$undefined\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L36\",null,{\"$outlineColor\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"style\":{\"whiteSpace\":\"nowrap\"},\"children\":\"Log in\"}]}],[\"$\",\"$L25\",null,{\"display\":\"inline-block\",\"ml\":\"6px\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L37\",null,{\"dataTestId\":\"signup-link\",\"linkProps\":{\"to\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/signup\"},\"size\":\"large\",\"variant\":\"secondary\",\"children\":\"Become a Member\"}]}],[\"$\",\"$L38\",null,{\"menuBackgroundColor\":\"rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)\",\"menuOutlineColor\":\"rgba(175, 43, 22, 1)\",\"publicHeader\":\"$1e:props:children:props:children:0:props:children:props:children:0:props:publicHeader\"}]]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"39:I[825820,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/0riv-c36uxb26.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/2nz2yvxj21ukn.js\"],\"Show\"]\n3e:I[27201,[\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/085h5zmw3ewh9.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1_v57hbjcwt06.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/016o61477hwtl.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/3to7ov33u9olz.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/1oyk1sdop559r.js\",\"/katana-frontend/_next/static/chunks/36v_vs-qz96jh.js\"],\"IconMark\"]\n3a:T3493,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthor’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has been pivotal in shaping how I understand failures in complex systems and Resilience Engineering, and how I incorporate this into my overall approach as an engineering leader. (Also, the spelling is New Zealand English.)\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSo you’re an Engineering Manager or a Director, or perhaps a Staff Engineer. You’ve discovered the world of Resilience Engineering and had some pretty significant \"a ha\" moments. Now you want to bring Resilience Engineering into your organisation, and set the world to rights.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI’ve been exactly where you are right now, and I’m going to suggest you hold your horses, and let me share my insights and recommendations from my experience as an Engineering Leader working to make Resilience Engineering a reality. There’s pitfalls on this journey that I can help you avoid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAs an SRE (or adjacent) leader, you will find yourself in a challenging position when it comes to Resilience Engineering. You’re the layer in the middle. You're stuck between the practitioners, who are passionate but may not have good insight into the realities and challenges of leaders, and the executive layers, who have different goals and concerns and don’t have the motivation to deviate from things they think are working.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMost people working in tech and IT, no matter the type of company or organisation, will be familiar with various practices around incidents. A lot of these are summed up in regular incident reporting. Often produced monthly or existing in a dashboard, this reporting includes data and metrics such as MTTR, incident counts by severity and root cause type, and compliance with completing post incident review (PIR) action items.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThese are often non-negotiable—the default standards and expectations that have permeated deeply and widely throughout our industry. In many cases, Boards and Executives expect to see these reports as indicators of risk and operational effectiveness, to ensure they fulfill their corporate governance obligations. Engineering Leaders and Managers simultaneously use them as a purported lens to measure team and engineering system performance. Producing a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a deeply embedded expectation of both leadership and customers following a high severity incident, as is tracking completion of PIR action items. You can’t explore a monitoring or incident response tool without\u0026nbsp; being sold the ability to drive down your MTTR.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eHowever, these are all things that those of us in the Resilience in Software community know and accept to be not just misleading and outdated, but also counterproductive and potentially harmful to the actual improvement of safety in an organisation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThat leaves those of us in Resilience Engineering with quite the dilemma. Do we speak out against these deeply embedded practices and expectations and seek to explicitly educate our colleagues and leaders, or is it all a necessary evil in making space for resilience work?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe Paradox\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe fact is, we are faced with a paradox. A contradiction that reveals deeper truths and a reality that is difficult to reconcile.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFor an engineering leader to build trust and credibility—to be perceived as competent—they need to meet or exceed the expectations of leaders and executives by carrying out these default standards and practices. You believe this to be contrary to your goals, however my experience tells me you should do these things anyway in pursuit of bigger picture resilience and adaptive capacity.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBefore you get upset and stop reading, hear me out. I’ve been the leadership layer in the middle, sandwiched between the practitioners who really understand Resilience Engineering and see the need for it every day, and the executives with different concerns, goals and motivations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMy goal when it comes to Resilience Engineering is to legitimise the work, the practices and the concepts. I want to make space for engineers to conduct incident analysis to better understand our systems and the conditions that enable incidents to occur. I also want to build understanding and acknowledgement of complexity and Resilience Engineering in leadership to enable better awareness and decision making.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eVery specifically, my goals no longer include the death of root cause analysis, incident metrics, MTTR and PIR action tracking.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eTelling executive leadership that incident counts, MTTR, and root cause analysis are wrong/incorrect/misleading gets you nowhere. I can confidently say that when an executive leader wants to be talking about quality of service for your customers, the last thing they want to hear about is academic papers and Monte Carlo simulations. This narrative is harming our ability to do resilience work, and undermines the credibility of our ideas, our practices and our movement. It is very difficult to educate people against their will, especially if their view of competence on a subject is different to your own. We must make Resilience Engineering appealing and useful to executives if we are to get their support and buy in.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBoard and Executive pressure around incidents and the need to present something that is viewed as tangible and sound should never be underestimated. Once you are in the pressure cooker of “too many incidents” or “poor reliability,” incident data and reports can give leaders the tools to \u003cstrong\u003efeel\u003c/strong\u003e in control but also demonstrate that they are in control. Many of the traditional incident practices and metrics help leaders communicate that they are controlling things, and also creates opportunities for them to exert control on what people do—even when they don't have control over the actual system or system outcomes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe closer you are to the sharp end—the point where the most direct and often challenging work of a particular activity takes place—the more apparent it is that uncertainty exists. Many of the above-mentioned default standards and expectations around incidents are designed to help manage and control uncertainty. However, Resilience Engineering is essentially about embracing uncertainty as an unavoidable reality of complex systems. As a result we tend to want everyone to accept uncertainty as unavoidable. In the Boardroom, far removed from the sharp end, the perspective is very different. Uncertainty is something that should be managed and reduced. It can become a risk with acceptable probability, but it can't be unmanaged. From this different perspective, the system and its outcomes must be controlled, or have the illusion of being controlled, even if we know this to be at odds with the system’s reality.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMy Recommendations\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eYou need to play the game that others think they are playing. As an engineering leader, you only have so much social capital and so many cards to play in what you can change and influence. You want these cards to be used for your agenda, and you want to make meaningful progress. This might be influencing for additional headcount or prioritising a particular piece of system improvement work. I don’t think those limited cards should be used for debating concepts like MTTR and incident counts.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eGive Them What They’re Asking For\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIf leaders and executives are asking, then continue to produce that incident data and show those PIR actions. If you’re not doing it then someone else will, and it’s much better to be in control of the data and the narrative. Position yourself and your SRE leaders as credible, in control and taking action, even if it’s not by your definition. If your leaders aren’t currently asking for typical incident reports and metrics, I strongly suggest\u0026nbsp; you have the data on hand to be\u0026nbsp; in a position to provide it should you be asked. You need your perceived competence and resilience work to ride the wave of leadership change and organisational evolution. Even if you succeed with one set of leaders in building their understanding that these are not the metrics or approaches they need, leaders come and go. If you are perceived as too far from industry norms you will have a hard time establishing trust and credibility with a new set of leaders who haven't been on the same journey.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eProceed with Caution When Educating and Influencing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eRather than seeking to educate directly in a way that can be perceived as contrary, model the Resilience Engineering concepts, language and practices you want to see others adopt. Once your stakeholders become familiar with the concepts through a more implicit approach, you’ll find them more receptive to being introduced to new ways of understanding reliability and resilience, and different types of recommendations from their teams as a result.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEducating and influencing leadership on Resilience Engineering is not without risks, so I recommend that you proceed with caution. This approach assumes\u0026nbsp; leaders have the willingness to learn and the conceptual grounding to make informed decisions. In reality, this is rarely the case. When it comes to incidents, leaders tend to believe they know how things should be done and are resistant to alternative approaches and perspectives. Even if you do manage to succeed in educating leadership, the outcome is uncertain. At best they gain only a surface-level grasp of new concepts, at worst they misinterpret and misapply what they’ve learned, causing further harm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA more effective strategy is to empower people closer to the work—those who have done the analysis and understand the tradeoffs—to provide recommendations for executive action. These recommendations should narrow the range of options and enable leadership to make decisions confidently. These recommendations are more likely to be accepted if they are backed by the credibility and trust gained through giving leaders what they’re asking for.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAnecdotally, attempting to influence leadership towards more of our Resilience Engineering methods and practices has a notable rate of burnout for SRE leaders and senior individual contributors. I suspect the phenomenon we are currently experiencing in this regard is part of some broader industry cycle due to factors outside of our control. Either way, we need our perceived competence and resilience work to ride out the wave of this industry cycle, just as we need to ride out the wave of leadership change and organisational evolution. And we need to be able to do that with our mental and emotional wellbeing intact.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAcknowledge and Negotiate the Paradox\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSo what does this look like in practice? Think of it like putting spinach in a kid’s smoothie—give them what they think they want, and include the good, healthy stuff they also need in the process. If someone states human error as a cause for an incident, you can mention that this tends to be an indicator of underlying systemic challenges worth taking a closer look at. If you can, offer to provide SRE resources to conduct a more useful PIR. If leaders are getting caught up on incident counts and MTTR, you can use SLOs to provide a more meaningful representation of the quality of the customer experience, while providing context in the form of themes and patterns relevant to your audience.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIt’s here in these conversations, with the background of outputs and metrics you’re not enthusiastic about, that you’re best placed to use those valuable cards to make recommendations based on insights from incident learning and resilience work. Whether it be highlighting systematic challenges and areas of underinvestment or making recommendations to support better prioritisation and improving the engineered system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIn all of this, you are constantly negotiating the paradox we face in Resilience Engineering. \u003cstrong\u003eThese opposing perspectives and methods will always coexist\u003c/strong\u003e. One might be more dominant than the other at certain points in time, but there will always be that push and pull. You need to be ready for it. By building the perception of competence and playing along with short term optics, you can pursue the bigger picture of Resilience Engineering.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI still hope that one day we will build broad industry recognition for Resilience Engineering concepts and practices, while outdated methods and metrics fade off into the sunset. Until that day comes, we play the game while working to change the rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-f2da257ec14444fcf96f6afd948b4971.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"148\" height=\"111\"\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMichelle Casey\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSRE/Engineering Leader\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3b:T3458,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthor’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has been pivotal in shaping how I understand failures in complex systems and Resilience Engineering, and how I incorporate this into my overall approach as an engineering leader. (Also, the spelling is New Zealand English.)\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSo you’re an Engineering Manager or a Director, or perhaps a Staff Engineer. You’ve discovered the world of Resilience Engineering and had some pretty significant \"a ha\" moments. Now you want to bring Resilience Engineering into your organisation, and set the world to rights.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI’ve been exactly where you are right now, and I’m going to suggest you hold your horses, and let me share my insights and recommendations from my experience as an Engineering Leader working to make Resilience Engineering a reality. There’s pitfalls on this journey that I can help you avoid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAs an SRE (or adjacent) leader, you will find yourself in a challenging position when it comes to Resilience Engineering. You’re the layer in the middle. You're stuck between the practitioners, who are passionate but may not have good insight into the realities and challenges of leaders, and the executive layers, who have different goals and concerns and don’t have the motivation to deviate from things they think are working.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMost people working in tech and IT, no matter the type of company or organisation, will be familiar with various practices around incidents. A lot of these are summed up in regular incident reporting. Often produced monthly or existing in a dashboard, this reporting includes data and metrics such as MTTR, incident counts by severity and root cause type, and compliance with completing post incident review (PIR) action items.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThese are often non-negotiable—the default standards and expectations that have permeated deeply and widely throughout our industry. In many cases, Boards and Executives expect to see these reports as indicators of risk and operational effectiveness, to ensure they fulfill their corporate governance obligations. Engineering Leaders and Managers simultaneously use them as a purported lens to measure team and engineering system performance. Producing a Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a deeply embedded expectation of both leadership and customers following a high severity incident, as is tracking completion of PIR action items. You can’t explore a monitoring or incident response tool without\u0026nbsp; being sold the ability to drive down your MTTR.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eHowever, these are all things that those of us in the Resilience in Software community know and accept to be not just misleading and outdated, but also counterproductive and potentially harmful to the actual improvement of safety in an organisation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThat leaves those of us in Resilience Engineering with quite the dilemma. Do we speak out against these deeply embedded practices and expectations and seek to explicitly educate our colleagues and leaders, or is it all a necessary evil in making space for resilience work?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Paradox\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe fact is, we are faced with a paradox. A contradiction that reveals deeper truths and a reality that is difficult to reconcile.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFor an engineering leader to build trust and credibility—to be perceived as competent—they need to meet or exceed the expectations of leaders and executives by carrying out these default standards and practices. You believe this to be contrary to your goals, however my experience tells me you should do these things anyway in pursuit of bigger picture resilience and adaptive capacity.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBefore you get upset and stop reading, hear me out. I’ve been the leadership layer in the middle, sandwiched between the practitioners who really understand Resilience Engineering and see the need for it every day, and the executives with different concerns, goals and motivations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMy goal when it comes to Resilience Engineering is to legitimise the work, the practices and the concepts. I want to make space for engineers to conduct incident analysis to better understand our systems and the conditions that enable incidents to occur. I also want to build understanding and acknowledgement of complexity and Resilience Engineering in leadership to enable better awareness and decision making.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eVery specifically, my goals no longer include the death of root cause analysis, incident metrics, MTTR and PIR action tracking.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eTelling executive leadership that incident counts, MTTR, and root cause analysis are wrong/incorrect/misleading gets you nowhere. I can confidently say that when an executive leader wants to be talking about quality of service for your customers, the last thing they want to hear about is academic papers and Monte Carlo simulations. This narrative is harming our ability to do resilience work, and undermines the credibility of our ideas, our practices and our movement. It is very difficult to educate people against their will, especially if their view of competence on a subject is different to your own. We must make Resilience Engineering appealing and useful to executives if we are to get their support and buy in.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBoard and Executive pressure around incidents and the need to present something that is viewed as tangible and sound should never be underestimated. Once you are in the pressure cooker of “too many incidents” or “poor reliability,” incident data and reports can give leaders the tools to \u003cstrong\u003efeel\u003c/strong\u003e in control but also demonstrate that they are in control. Many of the traditional incident practices and metrics help leaders communicate that they are controlling things, and also creates opportunities for them to exert control on what people do—even when they don't have control over the actual system or system outcomes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe closer you are to the sharp end—the point where the most direct and often challenging work of a particular activity takes place—the more apparent it is that uncertainty exists. Many of the above-mentioned default standards and expectations around incidents are designed to help manage and control uncertainty. However, Resilience Engineering is essentially about embracing uncertainty as an unavoidable reality of complex systems. As a result we tend to want everyone to accept uncertainty as unavoidable. In the Boardroom, far removed from the sharp end, the perspective is very different. Uncertainty is something that should be managed and reduced. It can become a risk with acceptable probability, but it can't be unmanaged. From this different perspective, the system and its outcomes must be controlled, or have the illusion of being controlled, even if we know this to be at odds with the system’s reality.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMy Recommendations\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eYou need to play the game that others think they are playing. As an engineering leader, you only have so much social capital and so many cards to play in what you can change and influence. You want these cards to be used for your agenda, and you want to make meaningful progress. This might be influencing for additional headcount or prioritising a particular piece of system improvement work. I don’t think those limited cards should be used for debating concepts like MTTR and incident counts.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGive Them What They’re Asking For\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIf leaders and executives are asking, then continue to produce that incident data and show those PIR actions. If you’re not doing it then someone else will, and it’s much better to be in control of the data and the narrative. Position yourself and your SRE leaders as credible, in control and taking action, even if it’s not by your definition. If your leaders aren’t currently asking for typical incident reports and metrics, I strongly suggest\u0026nbsp; you have the data on hand to be\u0026nbsp; in a position to provide it should you be asked. You need your perceived competence and resilience work to ride the wave of leadership change and organisational evolution. Even if you succeed with one set of leaders in building their understanding that these are not the metrics or approaches they need, leaders come and go. If you are perceived as too far from industry norms you will have a hard time establishing trust and credibility with a new set of leaders who haven't been on the same journey.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProceed with Caution When Educating and Influencing\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eRather than seeking to educate directly in a way that can be perceived as contrary, model the Resilience Engineering concepts, language and practices you want to see others adopt. Once your stakeholders become familiar with the concepts through a more implicit approach, you’ll find them more receptive to being introduced to new ways of understanding reliability and resilience, and different types of recommendations from their teams as a result.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEducating and influencing leadership on Resilience Engineering is not without risks, so I recommend that you proceed with caution. This approach assumes\u0026nbsp; leaders have the willingness to learn and the conceptual grounding to make informed decisions. In reality, this is rarely the case. When it comes to incidents, leaders tend to believe they know how things should be done and are resistant to alternative approaches and perspectives. Even if you do manage to succeed in educating leadership, the outcome is uncertain. At best they gain only a surface-level grasp of new concepts, at worst they misinterpret and misapply what they’ve learned, causing further harm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA more effective strategy is to empower people closer to the work—those who have done the analysis and understand the tradeoffs—to provide recommendations for executive action. These recommendations should narrow the range of options and enable leadership to make decisions confidently. These recommendations are more likely to be accepted if they are backed by the credibility and trust gained through giving leaders what they’re asking for.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAnecdotally, attempting to influence leadership towards more of our Resilience Engineering methods and practices has a notable rate of burnout for SRE leaders and senior individual contributors. I suspect the phenomenon we are currently experiencing in this regard is part of some broader industry cycle due to factors outside of our control. Either way, we need our perceived competence and resilience work to ride out the wave of this industry cycle, just as we need to ride out the wave of leadership change and organisational evolution. And we need to be able to do that with our mental and emotional wellbeing intact.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAcknowledge and Negotiate the Paradox\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSo what does this look like in practice? Think of it like putting spinach in a kid’s smoothie—give them what they think they want, and include the good, healthy stuff they also need in the process. If someone states human error as a cause for an incident, you can mention that this tends to be an indicator of underlying systemic challenges worth taking a closer look at. If you can, offer to provide SRE resources to conduct a more useful PIR. If leaders are getting caught up on incident counts and MTTR, you can use SLOs to provide a more meaningful representation of the quality of the customer experience, while providing context in the form of themes and patterns relevant to your audience.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIt’s here in these conversations, with the background of outputs and metrics you’re not enthusiastic about, that you’re best placed to use those valuable cards to make recommendations based on insights from incident learning and resilience work. Whether it be highlighting systematic challenges and areas of underinvestment or making recommendations to support better prioritisation and improving the engineered system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIn all of this, you are constantly negotiating the paradox we face in Resilience Engineering. \u003cstrong\u003eThese opposing perspectives and methods will always coexist\u003c/strong\u003e. One might be more dominant than the other at certain points in time, but there will always be that push and pull. You need to be ready for it. By building the perception of competence and playing along with short term optics, you can pursue the bigger picture of Resilience Engineering.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI still hope that one day we will build broad industry recognition for Resilience Engineering concepts and practices, while outdated methods and metrics fade off into the sunset. Until that day comes, we play the game while working to change the rules.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-f2da257ec14444fcf96f6afd948b4971.webp\" style=\"max-width:100%\"\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMichelle Casey\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSRE/Engineering Leader\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3c:T314b,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEd note: This is largely a re-post of what was in the 2022 VOID report. Since then, I continute to see ongoing conversations (and product marketing pages) touting the benefits of MTTR so I thought it was time to dust off these data that show how unreliable and unhelpful MTTR is to software organizations.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSoftware organizations tend to value measurement, iteration, and improvement based on data. These are great things for an organization to focus on; however, this has led to an industry practice of calculating and tracking Mean Time to Resolve, or MTTR. While it’s understandable to want to have a clear metric for tracking incident resolution, MTTR is problematic for a number of reasons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe first is solely statistical: based on data evaluated by \u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eStepan Davidovič\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://mcusercontent.com/ad9b3a31c069c03a14227a79c/files/29e138f4-05b7-f560-a7d5-c337538a93eb/2022_Void_Report.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eThe VOID\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/12/01/mttr-when-sample-means-and-power-laws-combine-trouble-follows/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eLorin Hochstein\u003c/a\u003e, measures of central tendency like the mean, aren’t a good representation of positively-skewed data, in which most values are clustered around the left side of the distribution while the right tail of the distribution is longer and contains fewer values. The mean will be influenced by the spread of the data, and the inherent outliers. Consider these (real incident) data from the VOID:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: left;\" src=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/storage/3758422/download\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe mean is clearly well to the right of the majority of the data points in the distribution—this is to be expected for a positively-skewed distribution with a small set of large outliers. So next you might consider a different MTTR: \u003cem\u003eMedian\u003c/em\u003e Time to Respond. The median value will be less influenced by outliers, so it might be a better representation of the data that you could use over time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/storage/3758445/download\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"349\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThat certainly looks more representative, and your putative incident response metric just got 2.5 hours better simply by looking at it this way. Which begs the question: what actionable conclusions can you reach based on this information? Presumably, you calculate and track a metric like this in order to improve (or know when things are getting worse), which means you need to be able to detect changes in that metric.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis is where Stepan Davidovič was able to demonstrate something really powerful\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003ein his report on MTTR\u003c/a\u003e, which is also applicable to these data.\u0026nbsp;Davidovič demonstrated both with empirical data and Monte Carlo simulations how incident duration data do not lend themselves to reliable calculations of improvement related to any central tendency calculations of incident duration (or overall incident count). If you’re not familiar with Monte Carlo simulations, think of it as an A/B test on simulated data instead of real-world production data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDavidovič took two different, equally-sized samples from three companies’ incident data, and compared the two sets, one which had experimental changes applied to it (e.g. a 10% improvement in incident duration), and the other which had no changes and acted as the control. He then calculated the MTTR difference between the two samples over a series of 100K simulations, such that a positive value indicates an improvement, or shortening of MTTR.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure class=\"image\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/storage/3758463/download\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\"\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eSource: Incident Metrics in SRE (Google/O’Reilly)\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e38% of the simulations had the MTTR difference fall below zero for Company A, 40% for Company B, and 20% for Company C. Looking at the absolute change in MTTR, the probability of detecting\u0026nbsp; a 15-minute improvement is only 49%, 50%, and 64%, respectively. I don't know about you, but personally I wouldn't take those odds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEven though the experimental condition shortened incidents, the odds of detecting any improvement at all are well outside the tolerance of 10% random flukes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBoth the VOID report and Lorin’s experiments show the same outcomes. If the metric you’re using isn’t itself reliable, then how could it possibly be valuable as a broader measure of system reliability?\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMTTx Are Shallow Data\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe second problem with MTTx metrics is they are trying to simplify something that is inherently complex. They tell us little about what an incident is really like for the organization, which can vary wildly in terms of the number of people and teams involved, the level of stress, what is needed technically and organizationally to fix it, and what the team learned as a result. MTTx (along with other data like severity, impact, count, and so on) are what John Allspaw calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.adaptivecapacitylabs.com/blog/2018/03/23/moving-past-shallow-incident-data/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003e“shallow” incident data\u003c/a\u003e. They are appealing because they appear to make clear, concrete sense of what are really messy, surprising situations that don’t lend themselves to simple summaries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eTwo incidents of the same length can have dramatically different levels of surprise and uncertainty in how people came to understand what was happening. They can also contain wildly different risks with respect to taking actions that are meant to mitigate or improve the situation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe length of an incident yields little internally actionable information about the incident. Consider two chess games of the same length but very different pace, expertise, and complexity of moves; feature films that generally all clock in at around two hours but can have wildly different plots, complexity of characters, production budgets; War and Peace (~1,200 pages) vs. Slaughterhouse Five (~200 pages).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMoving Beyond MTTx\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIdeally, given these data, organizations should stop using MTTX, or TTx data in general, as a metric related to organizational performance or reliability. First and foremost, if you are collecting this metric, chart the distribution of your incident data. If they’re positively skewed, then you’re not measuring what you think you’re measuring with MTTx, and you can’t rely on it.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSecond, ask yourself what decisions you’re making based on those data. Are you prioritizing hiring SREs, or are you trying to justify budget or infrastructure investments? What could you decide given either a decrease or increase in TTx (were that a reliable metric)?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eGiven that MTTx metrics are not a meaningful indicator of an organization’s reliability or performance, the obvious question is what should organizations use instead? I’d like to challenge the premise of this question. While rolled-up quantitative metrics are often presented on organizational dashboards, quarterly reviews, and board presentations, they generally fail to capture the underlying complexity of software-related incidents. That said, it may not be possible to immediately or completely abandon metrics that management or execs want to see. Vanessa Huerta Granda wrote an \u003ca href=\"https://www.learningfromincidents.io/posts/looking-beyond-the-metrics\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eexcellent post\u003c/a\u003e detailing a process of using MTTR and incident count metrics as a way to “set the direction of the analysis we do around our entire incident universe.” They can be an excellent jumping-off point to then present the insights, themes, and desired outcomes of detailed qualitative incident analyses that highlight knowledge gaps, production pressures and trade-offs, and organizational/socio-technical misalignments, which are also an important form of data:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBecause we had that [qualitative] data we were able to make strategic recommendations that led to improvements in how we do our work. In addition, having that data allowed us to get buy-in from leadership to make a number of changes; both in our technology as well as in our culture. We beefed up a number of tools and processes, our product teams started attending retrospectives and prioritizing action items, most importantly everyone across the org had a better understanding of what all went behind ‘keeping the lights on.’\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIf quantitative metrics are still something your org is asking for, I suggest focusing on Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and cost of coordination data. Chapter 17 of \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Implementing-Service-Level-Objectives-Practical/dp/1492076813\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eImplementing Service Level Objectives\u003c/a\u003e covers using SLOs as a substitute for MTTx and other common problematic reliability metrics. If people or staffing is something you need metrics for, consider tracking how many people were involved in each incident, across how many teams, and at what levels of the organization—these factors are what Dr. Laura Maguire deemed “hidden costs of coordination” that can add to the cognitive demands of people responding to incidents. There’s a big difference between a 30-minute incident that involves 10 people from three engineering teams, executives, and PR versus one that an engineer or two puzzles over for a day or so, and is lower impact.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eI am aware of a number of companies that have moved away from tracking shallow incident metrics, and none of them regret walking away from those practices. If you're looking for folks who are actively working on these kinds of issues in their own organizations, you can find us by \u003ca href=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/memberships\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003ebecoming an RISF member\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMTTR Resources\u003c/strong\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://mcusercontent.com/ad9b3a31c069c03a14227a79c/files/29e138f4-05b7-f560-a7d5-c337538a93eb/2022_Void_Report.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003e2022 VOID Report\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://sre.google/resources/practices-and-processes/incident-metrics-in-sre/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eIncident Metrics in SRE\u003c/a\u003e (Google Report)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2024/12/01/mttr-when-sample-means-and-power-laws-combine-trouble-follows/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eMTTR: When Sample Means and Power Laws Combine, Trouble Follows\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.adaptivecapacitylabs.com/2018/03/23/moving-past-shallow-incident-data/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eMoving Past Shallow Incident Data\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.infoq.com/articles/incident-metrics-void/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eMoving Past Simple Incident Metrics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.learningfromincidents.io/posts/looking-beyond-the-metrics\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eMaking Sense out of Incident Metrics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/storage/3758476/download\" alt=\"\" width=\"132\" height=\"145\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCourtney Nash\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFounder, The VOID\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVP, Resilience in Software Foundation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/feeds/fbfef454aa2263e27c3975d1ff28ed2815c5/communication_posts.xml\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eRSS feed\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3d:T3587,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eConsider the following scenario: A set of automated tasks has somehow failed to run to completion. Because a thorough fix will take some time and the tasks you need run are time-sensitive, you complete the work manually to keep things moving forward. If this sounds familiar, then you may have helped provide \u003cem\u003ecompensation\u003c/em\u003e for that system. Compensation is a very interesting mechanism in software systems because it can keep complex systems alive, but also because it can be a factor in how they quickly and unexpectedly collapse.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThere’s a tangling of closely related concepts in describing how complex systems collapse. Many of these lead to cascading failures, where a failure in one part of the system propagates to another one or to many others, which further causes other subsystems to fail.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003ePast figuring out how individual failures happen, there are ways in which the system fragilizes itself, such as increasing coupling between parts by \u003ca href=\"https://ferd.ca/notes/paper-going-solid.html\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003egoing solid\u003c/a\u003e. A more subtle way coupling can happen is through compensation, which hides that anything might even be going wrong.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIn this post, we’ll take a look at what compensation means, and then how decompensation can rapidly happen and lead to a cascade of failures, and why this is relevant to Resilience Engineering.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCompensation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA basic rule of complex systems is that \u003ca href=\"https://how.complexsystems.fail/#5\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003ethey always run in a degraded mode\u003c/a\u003e, but they continue to function because the system has ways to deal with some of these situations. Degradation can take multiple forms. A partial loss of capacity or temporary overload can be handled by tradeoffs between efficiency and thoroughness (see the \u003ca href=\"https://erikhollnagel.com/ideas/etto-principle/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eETTO principle\u003c/a\u003e), or through structural elements like redundancy and building spare capacity, for example. A more subtle coping mechanism relies on adaptive patterns of compensation, a term borrowed from biology that indicates the mechanism through which an organism finds new ways to perform a capacity that has been lost.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCompensation is rarely seen in software as we often think of it, e.g. code running without humans, because software tends to be designed such that everything does the job it has been designed to do, and little else. Instead, compensation in this context, as an adaptive mechanism, is most likely to be observed in the human part of a sociotechnical system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eExamples of humans compensating for software faults or flaws could include:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIn provisioning new enterprise accounts, the system will automatically allocate sufficient resources for the contract. However, because new users tend to do large migration jobs when setting up their environment, the customer success team makes a habit of manually overriding parameters to grant more capacity for the first weeks of use, before returning it to normal once usage is steady.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDuring an outage where hardware capacity is limited, a team will decide to run their own services hotter by tweaking their config to do more work on fewer devices or on older hardware (possibly slightly hurting their own tail latencies in the process) in order to leave more room for other teams’ more critical services whose lack of resources would have a worse impact on users.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA cache is added in front of a database to speed up responses, and limit the impact of slow queries. As the database becomes reliant on the cache to protect it, teams gradually build utilities and ad-hoc processes to backfill and prewarm the cache in case of issues, rather than spending time on the more challenging task of optimizing queries or re-thinking their product design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eLikewise, people can and will compensate \u003cem\u003efor each other\u003c/em\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAn on-call worker has been on an incident at night, and as they are recovering or exhausted, someone else who is not currently on-call intercepts and fields alerts instead, just to make sure their colleague is not woken up.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDesigners are unavailable, but a graphical bug has been ticketed. You decide to fix it to the best of your ability by looking at similar elements in your product despite not having design as a requirement or expectation of your role.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe platform team is swamped with work to support other internal customers. But deadline pressure in the product team cannot wait for the platform team to become available. So the product team spins up cloud services on their own to work around the perceived bottleneck of the platform team.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eYou’ll note that all these examples of compensation require doing things such as a unit bending and unofficially extending their definition of work, using their own spare capacity to help or cover for another part of the system that is under stress, or doing a mix of both to provide capabilities that are desirable but currently not part of the nominal function. \u003cstrong\u003eCompensation can be temporary, or, over time, become a permanent fixture of how the system works.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDecompensation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCompensatory mechanisms are often called on so gradually that your average observer wouldn't even know it's taking place. Systems (or organisms) that appear absolutely healthy one day collapse, and that is how we discover they were overextended for a long while.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eTo understand decompensation, let’s go back to biological systems, with an example of congestive heart failure provided by\u0026nbsp; Dr. Richard I. Cook in a group discussion a few years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eEffects of heart damage accumulate gradually over the years—partly just by aging—and can be offset by compensatory mechanisms in the human body. As the heart becomes weaker and pumps less blood with each beat, adjustments manage to keep the overall flow constant over time. This can be done by increasing the heart rate using complex neural and hormonal signaling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eOther processes can be added to this: kidneys faced with lower blood pressure and flow can reduce how much urine they create to keep more fluid in the circulatory system, which increases cardiac filling pressure, which stretches the heart further before each beat, which adds to the stroke volume. Multiple pathways of this kind exist through the body, and they can maintain or optimize cardiac performance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eHowever, each of these compensatory mechanisms has other, less desirable consequences. The heart remains damaged and they offset it, but the organism remains unable to generate greater cardiac output, such as would be required during exercise. You would therefore see \"normal\" cardiac performance at rest, with little ability to deal with increased demand. If the damage is gradual enough, the organism will adjust its behavior to maintain compensation: you will walk slower, take breaks while climbing stairs, and will just generally avoid situations that strain your body. This may be done without awareness of the decreased capacity of the system, and you may even resist acknowledging that you ever slowed down.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDecompensation happens when all the compensatory mechanisms no longer prevent a downward spiral\u003c/strong\u003e. If the heart can't maintain its output anymore, other organs (most often the kidneys) start failing. A failing organ can't overextend itself to help the heart; what was a stable negative feedback loop (slowing down some adverse effect) becomes a positive feedback loop (accelerating and amplifying things), which quickly leads to collapse and death.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eSomeone with a compensated congestive heart failure appears externally well and stable. They have gradually adjusted their habits to cope with their limited capacity as their heart weakened through life. However, looking well and healthy can hide how precarious of a position the person is in. Someone in their late sixties skipping their heart medication for a few days or ignoring their low-salt diet could be enough to tip the scales into decompensation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDecompensation usually doesn’t happen because compensation mechanisms fail, but because their range is exhausted.\u003c/strong\u003e A system that is compensating looks fine until it doesn’t. That's when failures may cascade and major breakdowns occur.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDecompensation and Resilience in Software\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eA classic case of decompensation in software systems is introducing queues to handle temporary overload in front of services with fixed capacity. However, as the lulls that are used to catch up become rarer with increased usage, the software system reaches \u003ca href=\"https://surfingcomplexity.blog/2025/12/23/saturation-waymo-edition/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003esaturation\u003c/a\u003e. People might try to compensate by increasing the queue size or increasing job timeouts, but as delays get worse, tasks get re-enqueued by clients, which further saturates the queue; at this point the ability to delay jobs is no longer effective at controlling load, and the accelerating feedback loop tells us the system is on its way to collapse.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFrom that point on, we may encounter a cascading failure. Some \u003cem\u003etipping point\u003c/em\u003e is met, and one failure mode grows and propagates throughout the rest of the system. While cascading failures are fascinating and worth studying on their own, they can be caused by a variety of mechanisms. Decompensation is one of them, but so are \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/common-mode-failure\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003ecommon mode failures\u003c/a\u003e—a simultaneous failure of several components due to a single shared dependency\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eDecompensation will tend to be more subtle because compensating behavior hides problems. We could think of auto-scaling reaching its limits and then killing a cluster because it falls behind on its ability to do work as a common mode failure. This could become decompensation if you discovered that whenever your system neared its scaling limits, engineers went in and made optimizations that kept squeezing the lemon further and further, trying to find ways to reduce demand.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCommon mode failures are worth looking into because they too can cause cascades, and might reveal gaps in how we analyzed or planned our systems. While compensation and decompensation can reveal similar issues, they are of particular interest to Resilience Engineering because they are also signs of \u003cem\u003eadaptive behavior\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eAdaptive Behavior, Adaptation, and Resilience Engineering\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIt is worthwhile to make a distinction between compensation, which is a type of adaptive process, and adaptation writ large. See compensation as coping with ongoing pressures or degradations (even if they never end!), whereas successful adaptation could be thought of as reaching new, more optimal operating points. Think of how someone driving a manual car with worn out brakes (or who fears their brakes might overheat) might use \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_braking\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eengine braking\u003c/a\u003e to slow the car down when going downhill; this is very different from \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_braking\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eregenerative braking\u003c/a\u003e in electric or hybrid vehicles, which is a designed feature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThe reason this distinction is useful is that while compensation has people work outside the design envelope, finding this behavior is often key to \u003cem\u003eredefining\u003c/em\u003e the design envelope. Successful adaptation requires harnessing adaptive behaviors \u003cem\u003eand\u003c/em\u003e reworking the system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eThis fundamentally requires you to study \u003ca href=\"https://humanisticsystems.com/2016/12/05/the-varieties-of-human-work/\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003ework-as-done\u003c/a\u003e (a topic for another blog post to come) to understand where people act with reciprocity, sacrificing bits of their performance to help the overall system, where they bend rules and definitions to provide success. In places where this is a habit, you will find both strength in how they adapt, and brittleness in the risk of becoming dependent on this hidden work without knowing about it, and exhausting all such capacity in the future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003ePart of Resilience Engineering in practice is knowing this happens, that it is necessary to deal with the unexpected, and knowing how to both protect, foster, and build on this type of capacity to keep systems successful.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eFurther Reading\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eIf you’d like to learn more about decompensation, along with two other contributors to complex system failures, I recommend starting with \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284324002_Basic_patterns_in_how_adaptive_systems_fail\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\"\u003eBasic Patterns in How Adaptive Systems Fail\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/storage/4239872/download\" alt=\"\" width=\"134\" height=\"134\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFred Hebert\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStaff SRE, Honeycomb\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5:[\"$\",\"$L39\",null,{\"news\":{\"id\":1288714,\"og_url\":null,\"pinned_to_feed\":false,\"pinned_to_index_page\":false,\"public\":true,\"publication_timezone\":null,\"published_at\":\"2025-07-29T17:16:37Z\",\"rss_url\":null,\"seo_canonical_url\":\"\",\"seo_description\":\"\",\"seo_title\":\"\",\"social_media_list\":[\"facebook\",\"linkedin\",\"twitter\",\"xing\"],\"visible_on_feed\":false,\"visible_on_index_page\":true,\"type\":\"news\",\"subject\":\"Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader\",\"content\":\"$3a\",\"sanitized_content\":\"Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has been pivotal in shaping how I understand failures in complex systems and Resilience Engineering, and how I incorporate this into my overall approach as an engineering leader. (Also, the spelling is New Zealand English.) So you’re an Engineering Manager or a Director, or perhaps a Staff\",\"truncated_content\":\"Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his...\",\"email_content\":\"$3b\",\"cover_picture\":{\"compressed_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-9b89a4c0e316ea8a8eb7f5fe1854987c.webp\",\"preview_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/large-23e137c8718c3e7e7c3436e0925c731d.webp\",\"medium_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/medium-432fcc576c0f4a4e1073519de950cbdc.webp\",\"wide_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/ultra_wide-f4aac5320f6700ca613d30ce96c4767a.webp\",\"default_url\":\"https://us.hivebrite.com/images/missing/communications/posts/cover_picture/default.jpg\"},\"likes\":{\"likeable_id\":1288714,\"count\":2,\"id\":null},\"share_url\":\"https://resilienceinsoftware.org/news/1288714\",\"group_creator\":null,\"groups\":[],\"categories\":[{\"id\":78761,\"name\":\"Resilience Engineering\"}],\"attachments\":[]},\"relatedNews\":[{\"id\":1157532,\"published_at\":\"2025-02-27T19:33:00Z\",\"seo_description\":null,\"seo_title\":null,\"subject\":\"MTTR Is (Still) Lying to You\",\"content\":\"$3c\",\"cover_picture\":{\"compressed_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/compressed-e2d425907ea649ea46621a814eb83c4c.webp\",\"preview_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/large-1ea23391ed8f2d3c3e4e237eb45b9b17.webp\",\"medium_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/medium-13897efc5940fecae635d3162e8c5554.webp\",\"wide_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1157532/ultra_wide-1317757bfc6e3b52de32673e32511dd3.webp\",\"default_url\":\"https://us.hivebrite.com/images/missing/communications/posts/cover_picture/default.jpg\"}},{\"id\":11454232,\"published_at\":\"2026-01-22T05:22:00Z\",\"seo_description\":null,\"seo_title\":null,\"subject\":\"Decompensation and Cascading Failures\",\"content\":\"$3d\",\"cover_picture\":{\"compressed_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/11454232/compressed-4508ac3932b86825e20ec49f73d137d2.webp\",\"preview_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/11454232/large-58c744e8e4af3c01c9724be4e7cee829.webp\",\"medium_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/11454232/medium-a63380649d4f7fadc00f9876dc11c987.webp\",\"wide_url\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/11454232/ultra_wide-ed0edc344721c0ad9c25bb91dc93cb91.webp\",\"default_url\":\"https://us.hivebrite.com/images/missing/communications/posts/cover_picture/default.jpg\"}}]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"8:null\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"d:[[\"$\",\"title\",\"0\",{\"children\":\"Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader | Resilience in Software Foundation\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has \"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"2\",{\"property\":\"fb:app_id\",\"content\":\"2249535069215389\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"3\",{\"property\":\"og:title\",\"content\":\"Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader | Resilience in Software Foundation\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"4\",{\"property\":\"og:description\",\"content\":\"Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has \"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"5\",{\"property\":\"og:site_name\",\"content\":\"Resilience in Software Foundation\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"6\",{\"property\":\"og:image\",\"content\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-9b89a4c0e316ea8a8eb7f5fe1854987c.webp\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"7\",{\"name\":\"twitter:card\",\"content\":\"summary_large_image\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"8\",{\"name\":\"twitter:title\",\"content\":\"Negotiating the Paradox We Face in Resilience Engineering—Lessons From an Engineering Leader | Resilience in Software Foundation\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"9\",{\"name\":\"twitter:description\",\"content\":\"Author’s note: I need to credit my friend and former colleague Tim Nicholas for his review and contribution to this article and the insights within it. Tim has \"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"10\",{\"name\":\"twitter:image\",\"content\":\"https://d21hwc2yj2s6ok.cloudfront.net/shrine_store/uploads/networks/3057/communication_news/1288714/compressed-9b89a4c0e316ea8a8eb7f5fe1854987c.webp\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"11\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"https://resilienceinsoftwarefoundation.us.hivebrite.com/favicon.ico\"}],[\"$\",\"$L3e\",\"12\",{}]]\n"])</script></body></html> |