1119 lines
36 KiB
HTML
1119 lines
36 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html
|
|
class="layout layout-holy-grail show-table-of-contents conceptual show-breadcrumb default-focus"
|
|
lang="en-us"
|
|
dir="ltr"
|
|
data-authenticated="false"
|
|
data-auth-status-determined="false"
|
|
data-target="docs"
|
|
x-ms-format-detection="none"
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
<title>Archived MSDN and TechNet Blogs | Microsoft Learn</title>
|
|
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
|
|
<meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/" />
|
|
|
|
<!-- Non-customizable open graph and sharing-related metadata -->
|
|
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
|
|
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@MicrosoftLearn" />
|
|
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
|
|
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="Microsoft Learn" />
|
|
<meta property="og:image" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/media/open-graph-image.png" />
|
|
<!-- Page specific open graph and sharing-related metadata -->
|
|
<meta property="og:title" content="Archived MSDN and TechNet Blogs" />
|
|
<meta property="og:url" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="platform_id" content="2b084327-8451-9c3e-4a9f-ed33c5bda4c3" /> <meta name="scope" content="Blogs" />
|
|
<meta name="locale" content="en-us" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="uhfHeaderId" content="MSDocsHeader-Archive" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="page_type" content="conceptual" />
|
|
|
|
<!--page specific meta tags-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- custom meta tags -->
|
|
|
|
<meta name="breadcrumb_path" content="/archive/blogs/bread/toc.json" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="feedback_system" content="None" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="ROBOTS" content="NOINDEX,NOFOLLOW" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="is_archived" content="true" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="author" content="kexugit" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="ms.author" content="Archiveddocs" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="ms.topic" content="Archived" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="document_id" content="61cab8ad-6aed-d23a-e2c1-cb433dfe8c30" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="document_version_independent_id" content="4b62800d-ec12-3665-e91d-c67decf4368a" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="updated_at" content="2023-08-28T21:15:00Z" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="original_content_git_url" content="https://docs-archive.visualstudio.com/DefaultCollection/docs-archive-project/_git/blogs-archive-pr?path=/blogs-archive/index.md&version=GBlive&_a=contents" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="gitcommit" content="https://docs-archive.visualstudio.com/DefaultCollection/docs-archive-project/_git/blogs-archive-pr/commit/15d8f271e0af3173b9c51f15a59b1cba40e43fcb?path=/blogs-archive/index.md&_a=contents" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="git_commit_id" content="15d8f271e0af3173b9c51f15a59b1cba40e43fcb" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="site_name" content="Docs" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="depot_name" content="MSDN.blogs-archive" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="schema" content="Conceptual" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="toc_rel" content="toc.json" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="feedback_product_url" content="" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="feedback_help_link_type" content="" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="feedback_help_link_url" content="" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="word_count" content="136" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="asset_id" content="index" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="moniker_range_name" content="" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="item_type" content="Content" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="source_path" content="blogs-archive/index.md" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="github_feedback_content_git_url" content="https://docs-archive.visualstudio.com/DefaultCollection/docs-archive-project/_git/blogs-archive-pr?path=/blogs-archive/index.md&version=GBlive&_a=contents" />
|
|
|
|
<meta name="markdown_url" content="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/?accept=text/markdown" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Apply persisted/system theme before first paint to prevent wrong-theme flash when scripts are deferred. -->
|
|
<script id="theme-preference">
|
|
(function () {
|
|
try {
|
|
var stored = localStorage.getItem('theme');
|
|
var theme = /^(light|dark|high-contrast)$/.test(stored)
|
|
? stored
|
|
: matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light';
|
|
document.documentElement.classList.add('theme-' + theme);
|
|
} catch (e) {}
|
|
})();;
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script id="atlas-layout-preferences">
|
|
(function () {
|
|
try {
|
|
var state = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('atlas-layout-preferences') || '{}');
|
|
var view = state["docs-layout-persistence"] || {};
|
|
var excludesKey = "";
|
|
var blocked = {};
|
|
if (excludesKey) {
|
|
var exclusions = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('atlas-layout-exclusions') || '{}');
|
|
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(exclusions, excludesKey)) {
|
|
var scoped = exclusions[excludesKey];
|
|
if (scoped) {
|
|
if (typeof scoped === 'object') blocked = scoped;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
var html = document.documentElement;
|
|
for (var c in view) {
|
|
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(blocked, c)) continue;
|
|
if (view[c]) html.classList.add(c);
|
|
else html.classList.remove(c);
|
|
}
|
|
} catch (e) {}
|
|
})();;
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- assets and js globals -->
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/assets/0.4.03539.8233-36f14dd4/styles/site.css" />
|
|
|
|
<script src="https://wcpstatic.microsoft.com/mscc/lib/v2/wcp-consent.js"></script>
|
|
<!-- Keep this URL in sync with oneDSScriptSelector in instrumentation/one-ds.ts. -->
|
|
<script async src="https://js.monitor.azure.com/scripts/c/ms.jsll-4.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- msdocs global object -->
|
|
<script id="msdocs-script">
|
|
var msDocs = {
|
|
"environment": {
|
|
"accessLevel": "online",
|
|
"azurePortalHostname": "portal.azure.com",
|
|
"reviewFeatures": false,
|
|
"supportLevel": "production",
|
|
"systemContent": true,
|
|
"siteName": "learn",
|
|
"legacyHosting": false
|
|
},
|
|
"data": {
|
|
"contentLocale": "en-us",
|
|
"contentDir": "ltr",
|
|
"userLocale": "en-us",
|
|
"userDir": "ltr",
|
|
"pageTemplate": "Conceptual",
|
|
"layoutStateStorageKey": "docs-layout-persistence",
|
|
"brand": "",
|
|
"context": {},
|
|
"standardFeedback": false,
|
|
"showFeedbackReport": false,
|
|
"feedbackHelpLinkType": "",
|
|
"feedbackHelpLinkUrl": "",
|
|
"feedbackSystem": "None",
|
|
"feedbackGitHubRepo": "",
|
|
"feedbackProductUrl": "",
|
|
"extendBreadcrumb": false,
|
|
"isEditDisplayable": false,
|
|
"isPrivateUnauthorized": false,
|
|
"hideViewSource": false,
|
|
"isPermissioned": false,
|
|
"hasRecommendations": false
|
|
},
|
|
"functions": {}
|
|
};;
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<!-- base scripts, msdocs global should be before this -->
|
|
<script
|
|
src="/static/assets/0.4.03539.8233-36f14dd4/scripts/en-us/index-docs.js"
|
|
async
|
|
></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- json-ld -->
|
|
|
|
<script >bazadebezolkohpepadr="1108138702"</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://learn.microsoft.com/akam/13/420cda22" defer></script></head>
|
|
|
|
<body
|
|
id="body"
|
|
data-bi-name="body"
|
|
class="layout-body "
|
|
lang="en-us"
|
|
dir="ltr"
|
|
>
|
|
<header class="layout-body-header background-color-body-medium">
|
|
<div class="header-holder has-default-focus">
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
href="#main"
|
|
|
|
style="z-index: 1070"
|
|
class="outline-color-text visually-hidden-until-focused position-fixed inner-focus focus-visible top-0 left-0 right-0 padding-xs text-align-center background-color-body"
|
|
|
|
>
|
|
Skip to main content
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
href="#"
|
|
data-skip-to-ask-learn
|
|
style="z-index: 1070"
|
|
class="outline-color-text visually-hidden-until-focused position-fixed inner-focus focus-visible top-0 left-0 right-0 padding-xs text-align-center background-color-body"
|
|
hidden
|
|
>
|
|
Skip to Ask Learn chat experience
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div hidden id="cookie-consent-holder" data-test-id="cookie-consent-container"></div>
|
|
<!-- Unsupported browser warning -->
|
|
<div
|
|
id="unsupported-browser"
|
|
style="background-color: white; color: black; padding: 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid grey;"
|
|
hidden
|
|
>
|
|
<div style="max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto;">
|
|
<p style="font-size: 24px">This browser is no longer supported.</p>
|
|
<p style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 16px;">
|
|
Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div style="margin-top: 12px;">
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkID=2092881 "
|
|
style="background-color: #0078d4; border: 1px solid #0078d4; color: white; padding: 6px 12px; border-radius: 2px; display: inline-block;"
|
|
>
|
|
Download Microsoft Edge
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a
|
|
href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/faq/internet-explorer-microsoft-edge"
|
|
style="background-color: white; padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid #505050; color: #171717; border-radius: 2px; display: inline-block;"
|
|
>
|
|
More info about Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- site header -->
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--site-header"
|
|
data-test-id="site-header-wrapper"
|
|
itemscope="itemscope"
|
|
itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"
|
|
>
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--mobile-nav"
|
|
class="site-header display-none-tablet padding-inline-none gap-none"
|
|
data-bi-name="mobile-header"
|
|
data-test-id="mobile-header"
|
|
></div>
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--primary-nav"
|
|
class="site-header display-none display-flex-tablet"
|
|
data-bi-name="L1-header"
|
|
data-test-id="primary-header"
|
|
></div>
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--secondary-nav"
|
|
class="site-header display-none display-flex-tablet"
|
|
data-bi-name="L2-header"
|
|
data-test-id="secondary-header"
|
|
|
|
></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- banner -->
|
|
<div data-banner>
|
|
<div id="disclaimer-holder"></div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- banner end -->
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</header>
|
|
<section
|
|
id="layout-body-menu"
|
|
class="layout-body-menu border-right display-flex background-color-body-medium"
|
|
data-bi-name="menu"
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="left-container"
|
|
class="left-container display-none padding-none display-block-tablet width-full display-none-until-layout-restored"
|
|
data-toc-container="true"
|
|
>
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--toc-content"
|
|
class="padding-left-sm padding-right-none padding-bottom-sm height-full"
|
|
>
|
|
<nav
|
|
id="affixed-left-container"
|
|
class="margin-top-xxs-tablet position-sticky display-flex flex-direction-column width-full"
|
|
aria-label="Primary"
|
|
data-bi-name="left-toc"
|
|
role="navigation"
|
|
>
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--collapsible-toc-header"
|
|
class="display-flex flex-direction-row-reverse justify-content-center align-items-center margin-bottom-xxs margin-right-xxs"
|
|
>
|
|
<button
|
|
type="button"
|
|
class="button button-clear button-sm inner-focus"
|
|
data-collapsible-toc-toggle
|
|
aria-expanded="true"
|
|
hidden
|
|
aria-controls="ms--toc-content"
|
|
aria-label="Table of contents"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon icon-mirrored-rtl" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span
|
|
class="docon docon-panel-left-contract display-none-layout-menu-collapsed"
|
|
></span>
|
|
<span
|
|
class="docon docon-panel-left-expand display-none display-inline-layout-menu-collapsed"
|
|
></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--collapsible-toc-moniker-slot"
|
|
class="flex-grow-1 display-none-layout-menu-collapsed"
|
|
></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</section>
|
|
|
|
<main
|
|
id="main"
|
|
role="main"
|
|
class="layout-body-main "
|
|
data-bi-name="content"
|
|
lang="en-us"
|
|
dir="ltr"
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--content-header"
|
|
class="content-header default-focus border-bottom-none"
|
|
data-bi-name="content-header"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="content-header-controls margin-xxs margin-inline-sm-tablet">
|
|
<button
|
|
type="button"
|
|
class="contents-button button button-sm margin-right-xxs"
|
|
data-bi-name="contents-expand"
|
|
aria-haspopup="true"
|
|
data-contents-button
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="docon docon-menu"></span></span>
|
|
<span class="contents-expand-title"> Table of contents </span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<button
|
|
type="button"
|
|
class="ap-collapse-behavior ap-expanded button button-sm"
|
|
data-bi-name="ap-collapse"
|
|
aria-controls="action-panel"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="docon docon-exit-mode"></span></span>
|
|
<span>Exit editor mode</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div
|
|
id="action-panel"
|
|
role="region"
|
|
aria-label="Action Panel"
|
|
class="action-panel"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
></div>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
data-main-column
|
|
class="reading-width margin-inline-auto layout-padding padding-top-none padding-top-sm-tablet padding-bottom-sm"
|
|
>
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="article-header" class="background-color-body margin-bottom-xs display-none-print">
|
|
<div class="display-flex align-items-center justify-content-space-between">
|
|
|
|
<details
|
|
id="article-header-breadcrumbs-overflow-popover"
|
|
class="popover popover-left"
|
|
data-for="article-header-breadcrumbs"
|
|
>
|
|
<summary
|
|
class="button button-clear button-primary button-sm inner-focus"
|
|
aria-label="All breadcrumbs"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-more"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</summary>
|
|
<div id="article-header-breadcrumbs-overflow" class="popover-content"></div>
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
<bread-crumbs
|
|
id="article-header-breadcrumbs"
|
|
role="group"
|
|
aria-label="Breadcrumbs"
|
|
data-test-id="article-header-breadcrumbs"
|
|
class="overflow-hidden flex-grow-1 margin-right-sm margin-right-md-tablet margin-right-lg-desktop margin-left-negative-xxs padding-left-xxs"
|
|
></bread-crumbs>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="article-header-page-actions"
|
|
class="opacity-none margin-left-auto display-flex flex-wrap-no-wrap align-items-stretch"
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<button
|
|
class="button button-sm border-none inner-focus display-none-tablet flex-shrink-0 "
|
|
data-bi-name="ask-learn-assistant-entry"
|
|
data-test-id="ask-learn-assistant-modal-entry-mobile"
|
|
data-ask-learn-modal-entry
|
|
|
|
type="button"
|
|
style="min-width: max-content;"
|
|
aria-expanded="false"
|
|
aria-label="Ask Learn"
|
|
hidden
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-chat-sparkle-fill gradient-ask-learn-logo"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<button
|
|
class="button button-sm display-none display-inline-flex-tablet display-none-desktop flex-shrink-0 margin-right-xxs border-color-ask-learn "
|
|
data-bi-name="ask-learn-assistant-entry"
|
|
|
|
data-test-id="ask-learn-assistant-modal-entry-tablet"
|
|
data-ask-learn-modal-entry
|
|
type="button"
|
|
style="min-width: max-content;"
|
|
aria-expanded="false"
|
|
hidden
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon font-size-lg" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-chat-sparkle-fill gradient-ask-learn-logo"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span>Ask Learn</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<button
|
|
class="button button-sm display-none flex-shrink-0 display-inline-flex-desktop margin-right-xxs border-color-ask-learn "
|
|
data-bi-name="ask-learn-assistant-entry"
|
|
|
|
data-test-id="ask-learn-assistant-flyout-entry"
|
|
data-ask-learn-flyout-entry
|
|
data-flyout-button="toggle"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
style="min-width: max-content;"
|
|
aria-expanded="false"
|
|
aria-controls="ask-learn-flyout"
|
|
hidden
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon font-size-lg" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-chat-sparkle-fill gradient-ask-learn-logo"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span>Ask Learn</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<details class="popover popover-right" id="article-header-page-actions-overflow">
|
|
<summary
|
|
class="justify-content-flex-start button button-clear button-sm button-primary inner-focus"
|
|
aria-label="More actions"
|
|
title="More actions"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-more-vertical"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</summary>
|
|
<div class="popover-content">
|
|
|
|
<button
|
|
type="button"
|
|
id="ms--focus-mode-button"
|
|
data-focus-mode
|
|
data-bi-name="focus-mode-entry"
|
|
data-page-action-item="overflow-all"
|
|
data-popover-close
|
|
class="button button-clear button-sm button-block justify-content-flex-start text-align-left inner-focus display-none display-inline-flex-tablet"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-glasses"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span>Reading mode</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
<button
|
|
data-page-action-item="overflow-mobile"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
class="display-block-layout-menu-collapsed button-block button-sm inner-focus button button-clear display-none-tablet justify-content-flex-start text-align-left"
|
|
data-bi-name="contents-expand"
|
|
data-contents-button
|
|
data-popover-close
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true"
|
|
><span class="docon docon-editor-list-bullet"></span
|
|
></span>
|
|
<span class="contents-expand-title">Table of contents</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
id="lang-link-overflow"
|
|
class="button-sm inner-focus button button-clear button-block justify-content-flex-start text-align-left"
|
|
data-bi-name="language-toggle"
|
|
data-page-action-item="overflow-all"
|
|
data-check-hidden="true"
|
|
data-read-in-link
|
|
href="#"
|
|
hidden
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true" data-read-in-link-icon>
|
|
<span class="docon docon-locale-globe"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span data-read-in-link-text>Read in English</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button
|
|
type="button"
|
|
class="collection button button-clear button-sm button-block justify-content-flex-start text-align-left inner-focus"
|
|
data-list-type="collection"
|
|
data-bi-name="collection"
|
|
data-page-action-item="overflow-all"
|
|
data-check-hidden="true"
|
|
data-popover-close
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-circle-addition"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="collection-status">Add</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
<button
|
|
type="button"
|
|
class="collection button button-block button-clear button-sm justify-content-flex-start text-align-left inner-focus"
|
|
data-list-type="plan"
|
|
data-bi-name="plan"
|
|
data-page-action-item="overflow-all"
|
|
data-check-hidden="true"
|
|
data-popover-close
|
|
hidden
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-circle-addition"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="plan-status">Add to Plans</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr class="margin-block-xxs" />
|
|
|
|
<button
|
|
class="button button-block button-clear button-sm justify-content-flex-start text-align-left inner-focus"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
data-bi-name="copy-markdown"
|
|
data-page-action-item="overflow-all"
|
|
data-copy-markdown
|
|
data-copy-state="idle"
|
|
data-check-hidden="true"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon color-primary" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span data-show-when="idle" class="docon docon-code-lang"></span>
|
|
<span data-show-when="loading" class="loader" hidden></span>
|
|
<span data-show-when="success" class="docon docon-check-mark" hidden></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span>Copy Markdown</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
<button
|
|
class="button button-block button-clear button-sm justify-content-flex-start text-align-left inner-focus"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
data-bi-name="print"
|
|
data-page-action-item="overflow-all"
|
|
data-popover-close
|
|
data-print-page
|
|
data-check-hidden="true"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon color-primary" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-print"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span>Print</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</details>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- privateUnauthorizedTemplate is hidden by default -->
|
|
<div unauthorized-private-section data-bi-name="permission-content-unauthorized-private" hidden>
|
|
<hr class="hr margin-top-xs margin-bottom-sm" />
|
|
<div class="notification notification-info">
|
|
<div class="notification-content">
|
|
<p class="margin-top-none notification-title">
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true"
|
|
><span class="docon docon-exclamation-circle-solid"></span
|
|
></span>
|
|
<span>Note</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="margin-top-none authentication-determined not-authenticated">
|
|
Access to this page requires authorization. You can try <a class="docs-sign-in" href="#" data-bi-name="permission-content-sign-in">signing in</a> or <a class="docs-change-directory" data-bi-name="permisson-content-change-directory">changing directories</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="margin-top-none authentication-determined authenticated">
|
|
Access to this page requires authorization. You can try <a class="docs-change-directory" data-bi-name="permisson-content-change-directory">changing directories</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="content"><h1 id="archived-msdn-and-technet-blogs">Archived MSDN and TechNet Blogs</h1></div>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="article-metadata"
|
|
data-bi-name="article-metadata"
|
|
data-test-id="article-metadata"
|
|
class="page-metadata-container display-flex gap-xxs justify-content-space-between align-items-center flex-wrap-wrap"
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="user-feedback"
|
|
class="margin-block-xxs display-none display-none-print"
|
|
hidden
|
|
data-hide-on-archived
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<button
|
|
id="user-feedback-button"
|
|
data-test-id="conceptual-feedback-button"
|
|
class="button button-sm button-clear button-primary display-none"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
data-bi-name="user-feedback-button"
|
|
data-user-feedback-button
|
|
hidden
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-like"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span>Feedback</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div data-id="ai-summary" class="display-none-print">
|
|
<div id="ms--ai-summary-cta" class="margin-top-xs display-flex align-items-center">
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-sparkle-fill gradient-text-vivid"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<button
|
|
id="ms--ai-summary"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
class="tag tag-sm tag-suggestion margin-left-xxs"
|
|
data-test-id="ai-summary-cta"
|
|
data-bi-name="ai-summary-cta"
|
|
data-an="ai-summary"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="ai-summary-cta-text">
|
|
Summarize this article for me
|
|
</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- Slot where the client will render the summary card after the user clicks the CTA -->
|
|
<div id="ms--ai-summary-header" class="margin-top-xs"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<nav
|
|
id="center-doc-outline"
|
|
class="doc-outline display-none-desktop display-none-print margin-bottom-sm"
|
|
data-bi-name="intopic toc"
|
|
aria-label="In this article"
|
|
>
|
|
<h2 id="ms--in-this-article" class="title is-6 margin-block-xs">
|
|
In this article
|
|
</h2>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
<div class="content"><p><strong>If you were looking for MSDN or TechNet blogs, please know that MSDN and TechNet blog sites have been retired, and blog content has been migrated and archived here</strong>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="how-to-use-this-site">How to use this site</h2>
|
|
<p>Archived blogs are grouped alphabetically by the initial letter of the blog name. Select the initial letter from the TOC to see the full list of the blogs.</p>
|
|
<p>You can also type the name of the blog or the title of the blog post in the "search" box at the upper-right corner of this page to search for it.</p>
|
|
<p>If you have any questions or issues, please share your feedback <a href="https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/feedback/issues" data-linktype="external">here</a>.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="all-blogs">All Blogs</h2>
|
|
<h3 id="a"><a href="page/a/" data-linktype="relative-path">A</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="b"><a href="page/b/" data-linktype="relative-path">B</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="c"><a href="page/c/" data-linktype="relative-path">C</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="d"><a href="page/d/" data-linktype="relative-path">D</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="e"><a href="page/e/" data-linktype="relative-path">E</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="f"><a href="page/f/" data-linktype="relative-path">F</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="g"><a href="page/g/" data-linktype="relative-path">G</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="h"><a href="page/h/" data-linktype="relative-path">H</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="i"><a href="page/i/" data-linktype="relative-path">I</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="j"><a href="page/j/" data-linktype="relative-path">J</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="k"><a href="page/k/" data-linktype="relative-path">K</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="l"><a href="page/l/" data-linktype="relative-path">L</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="m"><a href="page/m/" data-linktype="relative-path">M</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="n"><a href="page/n/" data-linktype="relative-path">N</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="o"><a href="page/o/" data-linktype="relative-path">O</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="p"><a href="page/p/" data-linktype="relative-path">P</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="q"><a href="page/q/" data-linktype="relative-path">Q</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="r"><a href="page/r/" data-linktype="relative-path">R</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="s"><a href="page/s/" data-linktype="relative-path">S</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="t"><a href="page/t/" data-linktype="relative-path">T</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="u"><a href="page/u/" data-linktype="relative-path">U</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="v"><a href="page/v/" data-linktype="relative-path">V</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="w"><a href="page/w/" data-linktype="relative-path">W</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="x"><a href="page/x/" data-linktype="relative-path">X</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="y"><a href="page/y/" data-linktype="relative-path">Y</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="z"><a href="page/z/" data-linktype="relative-path">Z</a></h3>
|
|
<h3 id="0-9-non-alphabet-characters"><a href="page/0-9-non-alphabetic/" data-linktype="relative-path">0-9, Non-Alphabet Characters</a></h3>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--inline-notifications"
|
|
class="margin-block-xs"
|
|
data-bi-name="inline-notification"
|
|
></div>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="assertive-live-region"
|
|
role="alert"
|
|
aria-live="assertive"
|
|
class="visually-hidden"
|
|
aria-relevant="additions"
|
|
aria-atomic="true"
|
|
></div>
|
|
<div
|
|
id="polite-live-region"
|
|
role="status"
|
|
aria-live="polite"
|
|
class="visually-hidden"
|
|
aria-relevant="additions"
|
|
aria-atomic="true"
|
|
></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="ms--additional-resources-mobile" class="display-none-print">
|
|
<hr class="hr" hidden />
|
|
<h2 id="ms--additional-resources-mobile-heading" class="title is-3" hidden>
|
|
Additional resources
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
<section
|
|
id="right-rail-training-mobile"
|
|
class=""
|
|
data-bi-name="learning-resource-card"
|
|
hidden
|
|
></section>
|
|
|
|
<section
|
|
id="right-rail-events-mobile"
|
|
class=""
|
|
data-bi-name="events-card"
|
|
hidden
|
|
></section>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="article-metadata-footer"
|
|
data-bi-name="article-metadata-footer"
|
|
data-test-id="article-metadata-footer"
|
|
class="page-metadata-container"
|
|
>
|
|
<hr class="hr" />
|
|
<ul class="metadata page-metadata" data-bi-name="page info" lang="en-us" dir="ltr">
|
|
<li class="visibility-hidden-visual-diff">
|
|
<span class="badge badge-sm text-wrap-pretty">
|
|
<span>Last updated on <local-time format="twoDigitNumeric"
|
|
datetime="2023-08-28T21:15:30.075Z"
|
|
data-article-date-source="git"
|
|
class="is-invisible"
|
|
>
|
|
2023-08-28
|
|
</local-time></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</main>
|
|
<aside
|
|
id="layout-body-aside"
|
|
class="layout-body-aside "
|
|
data-bi-name="aside"
|
|
aria-label="Additional resources"
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<div
|
|
id="ms--additional-resources"
|
|
class="right-container padding-sm display-none display-block-desktop height-full"
|
|
data-bi-name="pageactions"
|
|
>
|
|
<div id="affixed-right-container" data-bi-name="right-column">
|
|
|
|
<nav
|
|
id="side-doc-outline"
|
|
class="doc-outline border-bottom padding-bottom-xs margin-bottom-xs scrollbar-width-thin"
|
|
data-bi-name="intopic toc"
|
|
aria-label="In this article"
|
|
>
|
|
<h3>In this article</h3>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Feedback -->
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</aside> <section
|
|
id="layout-body-flyout"
|
|
class="layout-body-flyout "
|
|
data-bi-name="flyout"
|
|
>
|
|
<div
|
|
class="height-full border-left background-color-body-medium"
|
|
id="ask-learn-flyout"
|
|
></div>
|
|
</section> <div class="layout-body-footer " data-bi-name="layout-footer">
|
|
<footer
|
|
id="footer"
|
|
data-test-id="footer"
|
|
data-bi-name="footer"
|
|
class="footer-layout padding-xs padding-sm-desktop has-default-focus border-top"
|
|
role="contentinfo"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="display-flex gap-xs flex-wrap-wrap is-full-height padding-right-lg-desktop">
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="#"
|
|
data-bi-name="select-locale"
|
|
class="locale-selector-link flex-shrink-0 button button-sm button-clear external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
><span class="icon" aria-hidden="true"
|
|
><span class="docon docon-world"></span></span
|
|
><span class="local-selector-link-text">en-us</span></a
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="ccpa-privacy-link" data-ccpa-privacy-link hidden>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://aka.ms/yourcaliforniaprivacychoices"
|
|
data-bi-name="your-privacy-choices"
|
|
class="button button-sm button-clear flex-shrink-0 external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>
|
|
<svg
|
|
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
|
|
viewBox="0 0 30 14"
|
|
xml:space="preserve"
|
|
height="16"
|
|
width="43"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
focusable="false"
|
|
>
|
|
<path
|
|
d="M7.4 12.8h6.8l3.1-11.6H7.4C4.2 1.2 1.6 3.8 1.6 7s2.6 5.8 5.8 5.8z"
|
|
style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#fff"
|
|
></path>
|
|
<path
|
|
d="M22.6 0H7.4c-3.9 0-7 3.1-7 7s3.1 7 7 7h15.2c3.9 0 7-3.1 7-7s-3.2-7-7-7zm-21 7c0-3.2 2.6-5.8 5.8-5.8h9.9l-3.1 11.6H7.4c-3.2 0-5.8-2.6-5.8-5.8z"
|
|
style="fill-rule:evenodd;clip-rule:evenodd;fill:#06f"
|
|
></path>
|
|
<path
|
|
d="M24.6 4c.2.2.2.6 0 .8L22.5 7l2.2 2.2c.2.2.2.6 0 .8-.2.2-.6.2-.8 0l-2.2-2.2-2.2 2.2c-.2.2-.6.2-.8 0-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8L20.8 7l-2.2-2.2c-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8.2-.2.6-.2.8 0l2.2 2.2L23.8 4c.2-.2.6-.2.8 0z"
|
|
style="fill:#fff"
|
|
></path>
|
|
<path
|
|
d="M12.7 4.1c.2.2.3.6.1.8L8.6 9.8c-.1.1-.2.2-.3.2-.2.1-.5.1-.7-.1L5.4 7.7c-.2-.2-.2-.6 0-.8.2-.2.6-.2.8 0L8 8.6l3.8-4.5c.2-.2.6-.2.9 0z"
|
|
style="fill:#06f"
|
|
></path>
|
|
</svg>
|
|
|
|
<span>Your Privacy Choices</span></a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="flex-shrink-0">
|
|
<div class="dropdown has-caret-up">
|
|
<button
|
|
data-test-id="theme-selector-button"
|
|
class="dropdown-trigger button button-clear button-sm inner-focus theme-dropdown-trigger"
|
|
aria-controls="{{ themeMenuId }}"
|
|
aria-haspopup="true"
|
|
aria-expanded="false"
|
|
data-bi-name="theme"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><span class="docon docon-sun"></span></span>
|
|
<span>Theme</span>
|
|
<span class="icon expanded-indicator" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<span class="docon docon-chevron-down-light"></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="dropdown-menu" id="{{ themeMenuId }}" role="menu">
|
|
<ul class="theme-selector padding-xxs" data-test-id="theme-dropdown-menu" role="none">
|
|
<li class="theme display-block" role="none">
|
|
<button
|
|
class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start text-align-left"
|
|
role="menuitemradio"
|
|
aria-checked="false"
|
|
data-theme-to="light"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="theme-light margin-right-xxs">
|
|
<span
|
|
class="theme-selector-icon border display-inline-block has-body-background"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 14">
|
|
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
|
|
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span> Light </span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="theme display-block" role="none">
|
|
<button
|
|
class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start text-align-left"
|
|
role="menuitemradio"
|
|
aria-checked="false"
|
|
data-theme-to="dark"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="theme-dark margin-right-xxs">
|
|
<span
|
|
class="border theme-selector-icon display-inline-block has-body-background"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 14">
|
|
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
|
|
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span> Dark </span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="theme display-block" role="none">
|
|
<button
|
|
class="button button-clear button-sm theme-control button-block justify-content-flex-start text-align-left"
|
|
role="menuitemradio"
|
|
aria-checked="false"
|
|
data-theme-to="high-contrast"
|
|
tabindex="-1"
|
|
>
|
|
<span class="theme-high-contrast margin-right-xxs">
|
|
<span
|
|
class="border theme-selector-icon display-inline-block has-body-background"
|
|
aria-hidden="true"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 14">
|
|
<rect width="22" height="14" class="has-fill-body-background" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="5" width="12" height="4" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="8" y="2" width="2" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="11" y="2" width="3" height="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="1" y="1" width="2" height="2" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
<rect x="5" y="10" width="7" height="2" rx="0.3" class="has-fill-primary" />
|
|
<rect x="19" y="1" width="2" height="2" rx="1" class="has-fill-secondary" />
|
|
</svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span> High contrast </span>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<ul class="links" data-bi-name="footerlinks">
|
|
<li class="manage-cookies-holder" hidden=""></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/principles-for-ai-generated-content"
|
|
data-bi-name="aiDisclaimer"
|
|
class=" external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>AI Disclaimer</a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/"
|
|
data-bi-name="archivelink"
|
|
class=" external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>Previous Versions</a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</li> <li>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-learn-blog/bg-p/MicrosoftLearnBlog"
|
|
data-bi-name="bloglink"
|
|
class=" external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>Blog</a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</li> <li>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/contribute"
|
|
data-bi-name="contributorGuide"
|
|
class=" external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>Contribute</a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839"
|
|
data-bi-name="privacy"
|
|
class=" external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>Privacy</a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2259814"
|
|
data-bi-name="consumer-health-privacy"
|
|
class=" external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>Consumer Health Privacy</a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/legal/termsofuse"
|
|
data-bi-name="termsofuse"
|
|
class=" external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>Terms of Use</a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</li><li>
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
data-mscc-ic="false"
|
|
href="https://www.microsoft.com/legal/intellectualproperty/Trademarks/"
|
|
data-bi-name="trademarks"
|
|
class=" external-link-indicator"
|
|
id=""
|
|
title=""
|
|
>Trademarks</a
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>© Microsoft 2026</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
<noscript><img src="https://learn.microsoft.com/akam/13/pixel_420cda22?a=dD1jOGNkY2RkZDIyMzI5YTRjZTljZWUzODM3YTBhMWRlN2U3YmRhMDM1JmpzPW9mZg==" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -999px; top: -999px;" /></noscript></body>
|
|
</html> |