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nexus/wiki/concepts/礼物经济(Gift-Economy).md
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---
title: "礼物经济Gift Economy"
type: concept
tags: [anthropology, exchange, reciprocity, mauss]
sources: [academic-anthropologist.md, Marcel-Mauss.md]
last_updated: 2026-04-20
---
## Definition
基于互惠原则的社会交换体系,礼物交换不仅传递物品,更建立社会关系和网络,礼物带来不可逃避的社会义务。
## Core Properties
- **提出者**Marcel Mauss《礼物》
- **核心观点**:礼物交换是社会凝聚力的基础,礼物之"灵"Hau迫使回礼
- **类型**:互惠型再分配、市场型交换
## Key Principles
- **互惠义务Reciprocal Obligation**:接受礼物必须回礼,否则失去社会地位和尊严
- **礼物之灵Hau**:波利尼西亚概念,礼物中蕴含的精神力量要求回报
- **社会凝聚Social Cohesion**:礼物交换建立和维系社会纽带
- **时间延迟**:回礼不必立即进行,这种延迟本身加强社会关系
## Connections
- [[Marcel Mauss]] ← 奠基 ← [[礼物经济Gift Economy]]
- [[Anthropologist Agent]] ← 使用设计框架 ← [[礼物经济Gift Economy]]
- [[文化唯物主义Cultural Materialism]] ← 对比 ← [[礼物经济Gift Economy]]