307 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
307 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
# Gitea + SSH 完整配置指南（含排错）
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#git #gitea #ssh #obsidian
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```table-of-contents
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```
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## 一、整体目标
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实现：
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- 使用 Gitea 作为 Git 服务器
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- 使用 SSH Key 替代 username/password
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- 在 Visual Studio Code 中无感使用 Git
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- 避免 HTTP + Proxy 带来的问题
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---
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# 二、Gitea 部署与 SSH 配置
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## 1. Docker 部署（推荐标准配置）
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```yaml
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version: "3"
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services:
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gitea:
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image: gitea/gitea:latest
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container_name: gitea
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restart: always
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ports:
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- "3000:3000" # Web UI
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- "2222:22" # SSH（关键）
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volumes:
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- ./gitea:/data
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```
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---
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## 2. 为什么要用 2222
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- 宿主机 22 端口通常已被系统 SSH 占用
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- 使用 `2222 → 22` 映射避免冲突
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---
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## 3. 启用 Gitea SSH 服务
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进入容器：
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```bash
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docker exec -it gitea /bin/sh
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```
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检查配置：
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```bash
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cat /data/gitea/conf/app.ini
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```
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确保：
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```ini
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[server]
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START_SSH_SERVER = true
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SSH_PORT = 22
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```
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---
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## 4. 重启服务
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```bash
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docker compose down
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docker compose up -d
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```
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---
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# 三、客户端 SSH Key 配置
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## 1. 生成 SSH Key
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "ishenwei@gmail.com"
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```
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默认路径：
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```bash
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~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
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```
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---
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## 2. 启动 SSH Agent
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```bash
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eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
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ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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```
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---
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## 3. 添加公钥到 Gitea
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```bash
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cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
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```
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复制内容 → 登录 Gitea：
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- Settings
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- SSH Keys
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- Add Key
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---
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# 四、SSH 连接测试（关键步骤）
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## 正确命令
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```bash
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ssh -T git@192.168.3.189 -p 2222
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```
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---
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## 返回结果解析
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### ✅ 成功
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```bash
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Hi username! You've successfully authenticated...
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```
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👉 可以开始使用 Git
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---
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### ❌ Connection refused
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```bash
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connect to host ... port 2222: Connection refused
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```
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👉 原因：
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- Docker 没映射端口
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✔ 修复：
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```yaml
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- "2222:22"
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```
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---
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### ❌ Connection closed
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```bash
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Connection closed by ... port 2222
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```
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👉 原因：
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- SSH 服务存在，但不是 Gitea 在处理
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- 或 Gitea SSH 未启用
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---
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### ❌ Permission denied (publickey)
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```bash
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Permission denied (publickey)
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```
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👉 原因：
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- SSH key 未加载或未添加
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✔ 修复：
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```bash
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ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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```
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---
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### ❌ 错误写法（常见坑）
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```bash
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ssh -T git@192.168.3.189:3000 ❌
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```
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👉 错误原因：
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- SSH 不支持 `IP:PORT` 写法
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---
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# 五、Git 仓库改为 SSH
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## 1. 查看当前 remote
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```bash
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git remote -v
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```
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你当前是：
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```bash
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http://192.168.3.189:3000/admin/nexus.git ❌
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```
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## 2. 修改为 SSH
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```bash
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git remote set-url origin ssh://git@192.168.3.189:2222/admin/nexus.git
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```
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## 3. 验证
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```bash
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git pull
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```
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## 4. 查看配置
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```bash
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git config --list
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```
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---
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# 六、VS Code 使用说明
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在 Visual Studio Code 中：
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- 无需额外配置
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- 只要 Git + SSH 正常即可
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👉 优势：
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- 不再输入密码
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- 不受 proxy 影响
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- clone / pull 不会卡住
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---
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# 七、进阶优化（强烈推荐）
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## 1. SSH Host 别名
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编辑：
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```bash
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~/.ssh/config
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```
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```bash
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Host macmini
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HostName 192.168.3.189
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Port 2222
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User git
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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```
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## 2. 使用简化地址
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```bash
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git clone git@macmini:admin/nexus.git
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```
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---
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# 八、你这次问题的根因总结
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## 实际问题链路
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```text
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HTTP Git + Proxy → 卡住
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↓
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尝试 SSH（但用错端口）
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↓
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未映射 Docker SSH 端口
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↓
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连接到了错误的 SSH 服务
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```
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---
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## 正确架构
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```text
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VS Code
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↓
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Git (SSH)
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↓
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Gitea (Docker)
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↓
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SSH Port 2222 → Container 22
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```
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---
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# 九、最佳实践总结
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- 使用 SSH 替代 HTTP + Password
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- Docker 映射 SSH 端口（2222）
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- 使用 ed25519 key
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- 使用 SSH config 做多环境管理
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- 避免代理干扰 Git
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---
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# 十、一句话结论
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👉 **Git 的本质是：**
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- user.name / email → 标识身份
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- SSH Key → 认证身份
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👉 **最稳定方案：**
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> Gitea + SSH（2222）+ VS Code = 无痛开发环境
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