26 lines
1.1 KiB
Markdown
26 lines
1.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Gift Economy"
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type: concept
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tags: ["anthropology", "economy", "reciprocity", "exchange", "mauss"]
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last_updated: 2026-04-25
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---
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## Definition
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礼物经济——基于**互惠义务**（reciprocal obligation）的交换系统，给予、接受、回报的三段循环是社会关系的基础纽带，而非市场竞争。
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## Core Framework
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- **礼物之灵（hau）**：接受礼物即承担回报义务，礼物具有社会性的"灵魂"使回报不可避免
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- **Potlatch**：北太平洋西北岸部落的大型仪式性财富毁坏展示，通过"给予羞辱"来确立社会地位
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- **库拉圈（Kula Ring）**：特罗布里恩群岛的跨岛礼物交换圈，交换的贝壳和项链本身无实用价值，但建立和维持社会关系网络
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## Key Thinkers
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- [[Marcel-Mauss]]（《礼物》作者，奠基人）
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- [[Bronislaw-Malinowski]]（库拉圈研究）
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- Karl Polanyi（经济人类学）
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## Connections
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- [[Anthropologist-Agent]] ← uses_framework ← [[Gift-Economy]]
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- [[Polanyi-Exchange]] ← foundational ← [[Gift-Economy]]
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- [[Functionalism]] ← grounds ← [[Gift-Economy]]
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- [[Social-Cohesion]] ← mechanism ← [[Gift-Economy]]
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