50 lines
2.7 KiB
Markdown
50 lines
2.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Infrastructure as Code"
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type: concept
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tags: [DevOps, AWS, Terraform, Automation]
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sources: [ctp-topic-3-deploy-and-maintain-infrastructure, ctp-topic-9-ci-cd-with-gruntwork, ctp-topic-48-terraform-vs-terragrunt, ctp-topic-32-using-atlantis-cicd-for-infrastructure-deployments, ctp-topic-33-an-introduction-to-gitops, ctp-topic-56-automated-infrastructure-testing, learning-sessions-ecs-deployment-using-iac-20230808-183322-meeting-recording, cloud-operating-model-key-strategies-and-best-practices, learning-sessions-cloud-transformation-programme-deploying-rds-via-terraform, engineering-devops-automator]
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last_updated: 2026-04-14
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---
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# Infrastructure as Code
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## Definition
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基础设施即代码（Infrastructure as Code, IaC）是一种通过机器可读的定义文件（而非物理硬件配置或交互式配置工具）管理和配置计算基础设施的方法。
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## Core Principles
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- **声明式配置**：描述期望的最终状态，而非执行的具体步骤
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- **版本控制**：所有基础设施定义文件存储在 Git 中
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- **幂等性**：多次执行产生相同结果
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- **可重复性**：同一模板可在不同环境快速部署
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- **自动化**：与 CI/CD 流水线集成
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## Key Tools
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- **Terraform**：HashiCorp 出品，云厂商无关的 IaC 工具，通过状态文件管理资源
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- **Terragrunt**：Terraform 轻量封装，贯彻 DRY 原则
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- **AWS CloudFormation**：AWS 原生 IaC 服务，JSON/YAML 模板
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- **Pulumi**：编程语言驱动的 IaC 平台
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- **Ansible**：配置管理和应用部署工具
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## Terraform Ecosystem
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- **Gruntwork**：预建 Terraform 模块库，生产级参考架构
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- **Atlantis**：Git 集成 Terraform 部署，PR 评论式协作
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- **Terratest**：Terraform 代码的 Go 测试框架
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- **tfsec**：Terraform 静态安全分析工具
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- **TFLint**：Terraform 代码规范检查
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## IaC in CTP Context
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CTP（Cloud Transformation Programme）使用 Terraform/Terragrunt 构建 AWS Landing Zone：
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- [[ctp-topic-3-deploy-and-maintain-infrastructure]]：Terragrunt HCL 文件与模块化管理
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- [[ctp-topic-9-ci-cd-with-gruntwork]]：Gruntwork CI/CD 流水线实践
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- [[ctp-topic-48-terraform-vs-terragrunt]]：Terraform 与 Terragrunt 对比选型
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- [[ctp-topic-32-using-atlantis-cicd-for-infrastructure-deployments]]：Atlantis 替代 Jenkins
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- [[ctp-topic-56-automated-infrastructure-testing]]：TerraTest 自动化测试
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- [[learning-sessions-ecs-deployment-using-iac-20230808-183322-meeting-recording]]：ECS IaC 部署实践
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## Related Concepts
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- [[GitOps]]：Git 作为 IaC 的单一真相来源
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- [[CI/CD Pipeline]]：IaC 与 CI/CD 流水线的集成
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- [[Policy-as-Code]]：IaC 扩展至安全合规策略
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- [[Canary-Deployment]]：基于 IaC 的金丝雀部署策略
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- [[Atlantis]]：GitOps 驱动的 Terraform 协作工具
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