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nexus/wiki/concepts/Kinship-System.md
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---
title: "Kinship System"
type: concept
tags: ["anthropology", "kinship", "descent", "alliance", "inheritance"]
last_updated: 2026-04-25
---
## Definition
亲属制度——人类社会组织家族和继嗣关系的系统,决定了继承规则、政治联盟、居住模式和冲突解决方式,是社会的"基础设施"。
## Core Framework
- **继嗣规则**父系patrilineal/ 母系matrilineal/ 双系bilateral/ 双重继嗣double descent
- **居住模式**父居patrilocal/ 母居matrilocal/ 新居neolocal/ 舅居avunculocal
- **亲属称谓**Hawaiian普遍互称/ Eskimo核心家庭特指/ Sudanese每个亲属关系独立称谓/ Omaha交叉表亲特指
- **交换理论**Lévi-Strauss 认为亲属制度本质是女人的交换系统,通过婚姻建立联盟
## Connections
- [[Anthropologist-Agent]] ← must_design ← [[Kinship-System]]
- [[Structuralism]] ← analyzes ← [[Kinship-System]]
- [[Functionalism]] ← explains_functions_of ← [[Kinship-System]]
- [[Gift-Economy]] ← parallels ← [[Kinship-System]]