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nexus/wiki/concepts/TransferPricing.md
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---
title: "Transfer Pricing"
type: concept
tags: ["tax", "international-tax", "compliance", "finance"]
last_updated: 2026-05-02
---
## Definition
转让定价Transfer Pricing是指关联方之间进行商品、服务或无形资产交易时确定价格的方法和原则。各国税务机关要求关联方交易价格必须符合**独立交易原则Arm's Length Principle**,即交易条件应与独立第三方之间的可比交易一致。
## Core Components
- **独立交易原则Arm's Length Principle, ALP**:关联方交易价格必须与可比独立交易相当
- **基准研究Benchmarking Study**:通过可比公司或可比交易确定价格区间
- **预约定价协议Advance Pricing Agreement, APA**:与税务机关事先约定的定价方法,具有确定性
- **成本分摊协议Cost Sharing Arrangement, CSA**:子公司间分担研发成本并共享收益的安排
## Key Methods
| 方法 | 适用场景 |
|------|----------|
| 可比不受控价格法CUP | 商品贸易 |
| 转售价格法RPM | 分销商场景 |
| 成本加成法Cost Plus | 制造商/服务商 |
| 利润分割法PSM | 高度整合业务 |
| 交易净利润法TNMM | 无形资产交易 |
## Sources
- [[finance-tax-strategist]]
## Related Concepts
- [[EffectiveTaxRate]]
- [[GILTI]]
- [[BEPS]]