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nexus/wiki/entities/Bronislaw-Malinowski.md
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---
title: "Bronislaw Malinowski"
type: entity
tags: ["anthropologist", "functionalism", "polish-british", "fieldwork", "oceanic-studies"]
last_updated: 2026-04-25
---
## Overview
波兰裔英国人类学家功能主义人类学Functionalism创始人。强调文化是人类满足基本生物和社会需求的工具通过特罗布里恩群岛Trobriand Islands的长期田野调查发展了系统的功能分析方法。
## Aliases
- Malinowski
- B. Malinowski
## Key Contributions
- **功能主义Functionalism**:文化的每个元素都服务于满足人类的某种基本需求——生理需求通过经济系统满足,社会需求通过亲属制度满足,安全需求通过防御系统满足
- **田野调查方法论**:强调人类学家必须长期沉浸于研究对象社会中(参与观察法),而非仅做短暂访问
- **库拉圈Kula Ring**:特罗布里恩群岛的礼物交换圈——是礼物经济的经典研究案例
## Relevance to Anthropologist Agent
Anthropologist Agent 引用 Malinowski 功能主义作为核心方法论之一,要求每种文化实践必须能回答"这个做法为这些人解决了什么问题"。
## Connections
- [[Functionalism]] ← authored_by ← [[Bronislaw-Malinowski]]
- [[Anthropologist-Agent]] ← uses_framework ← [[Bronislaw-Malinowski]]
- [[Marcel-Mauss]] ← influenced_by ← [[Bronislaw-Malinowski]]