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---
title: "Lean"
type: concept
tags: [Process-Improvement, Six-Sigma, Workflow-Optimization]
sources: [testing-workflow-optimizer]
last_updated: 2026-04-21
---
# Lean
精益制造/精益管理方法论源于丰田生产系统TPS核心目标是通过消除一切形式的浪费Muda最大化客户价值。
## Aliases
- Lean Manufacturing
- 精益生产
- 丰田生产系统TPS
## Definition
Lean 通过识别和消除非增值活动NVA将价值流中的等待时间、搬运浪费、过度加工、库存过剩、不必要的移动、缺陷返工和过度生产降至最低。
## Key Principles
1. **价值Value**:从客户视角定义——客户愿意付费的转化活动
2. **价值流Value Stream**识别从原材料到交付的所有步骤区分增值VA/价值赋能VEA/浪费NVA
3. **流动Flow**:使增值步骤持续、不中断地运行
4. **拉动Pull**:按客户实际需求而非预测来生产
5. **完美Perfection**:持续追求零浪费状态
## Three Types of Activities
| 类别 | 说明 | 示例 |
|------|------|------|
| 增值活动VA | 客户愿意付费的转化 | 加工零件、填写表格 |
| 价值赋能活动VEA | 不直接增值但必需的支撑活动 | 质量检查、设备维护 |
| 浪费NVA/Muda | 消耗资源但不创造客户价值的活动 | 等待、搬运、返工 |
## Seven Types of Waste (TIMWOODS)
- **T**ransport搬运
- **I**nventory库存
- **M**otion动作
- **W**aiting等待
- **O**verproduction过量生产
- **O**ver-processing过度加工
- **S**kills underutilization技能浪费
- **D**efects缺陷/返工)
## Connection to Six-Sigma
Lean 关注速度消除浪费Six-Sigma 关注质量(减少变异)。两者的融合称为 **Lean Six-Sigma**,同时优化速度和精度。
## Connections
- [[Six-Sigma]] — 融合伙伴,速度+质量双优化
- [[Kaizen]] — 互补Kaizen 小步快跑Lean 系统重构
- [[Value-Stream-Mapping]] — 识别浪费的可视化工具