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---
title: "node_exporter"
type: entity
aliases: [Node Exporter, Prometheus node_exporter]
tags: [monitoring, exporter, host-metrics, prometheus, linux]
date: 2025-11-11
---
# node_exporter
## Overview
node_exporter 是 Prometheus 官方的主机指标采集器,专门采集 Linux/Unix 系统的硬件和操作系统指标。它以守护进程形式运行,暴露一个 `/metrics` HTTP 端点供 Prometheus 抓取。默认端口 9100。设计上遵循无代理agentless原则不需要在被监控主机安装任何特殊软件只需运行一个独立的进程即可。
## Key Metrics Collected
| 分类 | 指标前缀 | 说明 |
|------|----------|------|
| CPU | `node_cpu_seconds_total` | 各模式user/system/idle/iowaitCPU 时间 |
| 内存 | `node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes` | 可用内存 |
| 磁盘 | `node_filesystem_avail_bytes` | 文件系统可用空间 |
| 网络 | `node_network_receive_bytes_total` | 网络接口接收字节 |
| 磁盘 I/O | `node_disk_io_time_seconds_total` | 磁盘 I/O 时间 |
| 负载 | `node_load1` / `node_load5` / `node_load15` | 系统负载均值 |
| inode | `node_filesystem_files_free` | inode 可用数量 |
| 时间 | `node_time_seconds` | 系统时间(用于漂移检测) |
## Home Server DeploymentHost Network 模式)
```yaml
# docker-compose.yml 片段
node_exporter:
image: prom/node-exporter:latest
container_name: node_exporter
restart: always
network_mode: "host" # 关键:使用宿主机网络
pid: "host" # 关键:共享宿主机 PID 命名空间
volumes:
- /proc:/host/proc:ro # 只读挂载
- /sys:/host/sys:ro
- /:/rootfs:ro
```
> ⚠️ **安全注意**host network + pid mode 授予容器较高的系统可见性。仅在内网可信环境中使用。
## Prometheus scrape_config
```yaml
- job_name: 'node_exporter'
file_sd_configs:
- files:
- /etc/prometheus/targets/node.yml
```
## targets/node.yml 示例
```yaml
- targets:
- "192.168.3.47:9100"
labels:
env: home
role: server
```
## Related Sources
- [[家庭监控方案-prometheus-grafana-node-exporter-cadvisor-blackbox]]
## Related Entities
- [[Prometheus]] — 数据消费者(抓取 node_exporter 的指标)
- [[Docker]] — 部署平台
## Related Concepts
- [[Exporter]] — Prometheus 生态中的通用指标暴露组件
- [[Prometheus]] — 上游采集目标
- [[System Monitoring]] — 核心应用领域